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Asghar Khan1, This research assessed different political parties’ election manifestos for
Ashfaq U Rehman2, treatment of the environmental issue. Textual analysis of party’s manifesto was used
Ayaz Ahmad3 and to clarify each party position as well as to examine their comparative approach to
Shughla Ashfaq4 address environment concerns of Pakistan. This research presents an analysis of the
manifestos of eight major political parties of Pakistan. The manifestos of these parties
Institution:
expressed commitment and modus operandi to solve the problems of Pakistani
1. Department of Regional
people. Their voters have been directly affected by the negative environmental
Studies, University of
Peshawar, Pakistan. changes in the social, political and economic spheres. In this regard, this research
argued that negative effects of environment become the most critical in deciding
2. Department of Political policies and planning for public welfare and development in political, social and
Science, Women University economic spheres. The party that have been in power and parties that have not been
Swabi, Pakistan. in power but have significant following are collectively shaping governance that has
3. Department of English, been determined by environmental concerns of Pakistan. Unfortunately, the redressal
Abdul Wali Khan of environmental issues has been commonly relegated to the bottom of priorities in
University, Mardan Pakistan. the manifestos of the political parties of Pakistan. The political parties, instead of
4. Department of Politics & addressing the environmental concerns prioritized it with manipulation to grab power
International Relations, for the sake of enjoying it. The area that has been covered by forests has reduced to
International Islamic 24% from 50% (in 1940s). The wastage of natural resources especially water has
University Islamabad, resulted in drying of swamps and lakes (and general reduction of fresh water
Pakistan. resources). Soil has become less fertile; the underground water has been receding,
and the country has been becoming a desert.
Corresponding author:
Ashfaq U Rehman Keywords:
Environment, Governance, Manifesto, Pakistan, Politics, Political parties.
Article Citation:
Asghar Khan, Ashfaq U Rehman, Ayaz Ahmad and Shughla Ashfaq
Environmental governance and the assessment of manifestos of Pakistan’s political
parties
Journal of Research in Ecology (2018) 6(1): 1750-1761
Dates:
Received: 03 May 2018 Accepted: 28 May 2018 Published: 30 June 2018
Web Address:
http://ecologyresearch.info/ This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/
documents/EC0578.pdf licenses/by/4.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution and
reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Both verbal and written advocacy tools need to be that the party needs to define and focus on the environ-
employed by the party to create awareness about the ment related issues according to the international stand-
issue among it influential circles that the party ards. The party hopes to establish once it assumes the
should focus more on the issue. office: “environmental protection shall be promoted”
Furthermore, the analysis of the PML-N showed Manifesto of PML-N, (2018). Like other political par-
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