FLUID FLOW CONCEPTS AND BASIC EQUATIONS

Fluid Flow Classification

1. Ideal Fluid Flow 1. Real Fluid Flow
- frictionless - with friction
- nonviscous - viscous
- incompressible - compressible
- reversible flow process and incompressible

2. Compressible Fluid Flow 2. Incompressible Fluid Flow

- ρ=f (P,T) - constant ρ
- gases - liquids

3. Steady Flow 3. Unsteady Flow

- conditions at any point do not - variable conditions with
change through time respect to time

4. Uniform Flow 4. Non-uniform Flow

- conditions at every point are - variable conditions with
the same for any given instant respect to distance
- changes in cross-section

5. Laminar Flow 5. Turbulent Flow

- particles move along smooth - random motion
paths or layers - change in momentum
- governed by Newton's Law - involves losses
of viscosity

6. Gravity Flow 6. Pressure Flow

- difference in height - difference in pressure

Streamline - an imaginary continuis line drawn through the fluid to indicate the direction
of motion.

Motion of fluid particles are subject to the following:

1. Law of Conservation of Mass
- mass can neither be created nor destroyed.

2. Law of Momentum Conservation

- time rate of change of momentum of a system of particles is equal to
the sum of externally applied forces
3. Law of Conservation of Energy
- time rate of change of total energy of a system of particles is equal to the rate
of addition of heat to the system less the rate of work done by the system.