DAMODARAM SANJIVAYYA NATIONAL LAW

UNIVERSITY

VISAKHAPATNAM

PROJECT ON

ALCOHOLISM

SUBJECT

SOCIOLOGY

BY
M. Eswar
Roll.no. 2017050,
1st Semester
D.S.N.L.U

_______________________________________________

Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University Nayaprastha, Sabbavaram, Visakhapatnam -

531035

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, I would like to thank my teacher Prof. Mr. M. Lakshmipathi Raju for giving me an
opportunity to do a project on the subject of “ALCOHOLISM” and guiding me throughout the
semester. I benefitted immensely with the research I put on this subject.

M.ESWAR
ROLL NO. 2017050

2
TABLE OF CONTENTS:

1. History of Alcoholism-------------------------------------------------------------4
2. What is Alcoholism----------------------------------------------------------------5
3. Effect of Alcoholism---------------------------------------------------------------6
4. Cure for Alcoholism----------------------------------------------------------------7
5. Statistical-Data Regarding the Alcoholism in The World---------------------8
6. Alcohol Consumption Among Young People----------------------------------12
7. Alcohol, Health and Socio-Economic Differences-----------------------------17
8. Legislations--------------------------------------------------------------------------23
9. Case Laws----------------------------------------------------------------------------27

CONCLUSION----------------------------------------------------------------------------29
REFERENCE------------------------------------------------------------------------------30

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 CHAPTER-1
HISTORY OF ALCOHOLISM

The history of alcoholism goes as far back as alcohol coming into existence to begin with. This
goes back thousands of years. There were fermented beverages being made in China dating back to
7000 B.C. There’s even Greek literature from thousands of years ago that talks about the dangers
of abusing alcohol. Alcohol abuse and addiction has been around for a long time, which is why in
1920 the United States ended up passing a law to prohibit almost anything alcohol related. In other
words, due to this law you couldn’t manufacture, sell, import, or export alcohol, excluding the use
of alcohol for medicinal purposes.

Like any illegal substance, alcohol was still being sold and consumed by many and this created an
underground black market. There were speakeasies popping up all over the country, only
increasing each year. Home brewing of hard cider or wine was legal, but within a limit that most
people significantly disobeyed anyway. Prohibition lead to an increase in alcohol poisoning cases
because a lot of the alcohol being passed around was not being produced properly in distilleries,
and was often spiked with chemicals to give it an extra punch. The consumption of alcohol with
abandon practically became an epidemic. The problem was evidently only growing in the country
during this time period, despite futile attempts to keep it under control. Whenever one illegal
drinking establishment would get cracked down, there would be about ten other speakeasies
popping up in its place.

Medical doctors at this time began writing whiskey prescriptions for patients who weren’t using it
per the label. There ended up being over one million gallons of alcohol consumed every single year
via prescriptions alone. By 1933 prohibition of alcohol was cancelled. Legal or not legal, around
15 million Americans struggle with alcoholism now and it remains a serious threat in our society.

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 CHAPTER-2
WHAT IS ALCOHOLISM1?

Alcoholism is also called as alcohol dependence. Alcoholism is the inability to control drinking
due to both a physical and emotional dependence on alcohol. Alcoholism is the inability to control
drinking due to both a physical and emotional dependence on alcohol. Symptoms include repeated
alcohol consumption despite related legal and health issues. Those with alcoholism may begin each
day with a drink, feel guilty about their drinking and have the desire to cut down on the amount of
drinking. For most adults, moderate alcohol use is probably not harmful. This means that their
drinking causes distress and harm. It includes alcoholism and alcohol abuse.

Alcoholism, or alcohol dependence, is a disease that causes

 Craving - a strong need to drink

 Loss of control - not being able to stop drinking once you've started

 Physical dependence - withdrawal symptoms

 Tolerance - the need to drink more alcohol to feel the same effect

With alcohol abuse, you are not physically dependent, but you still have a serious problem. The
drinking may cause problems at home, work, or school. It may cause you to put yourself in
dangerous situations, or lead to legal or social problems. Another common problem is binge
drinking. It is drinking about five or more drinks in two hours for men. For women, it is about four
or more drinks in two hours. Too much alcohol is dangerous. Heavy drinking can increase the risk
of certain cancers. It can cause damage to the liver, brain, and other organs. Drinking during
pregnancy can harm your baby. Alcohol also increases the risk of death from car crashes, injuries,
homicide, and suicide.

1Alcoholism in India by Apollo Hospitals pdf, available on demand.

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 CHAPTER-3
EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLISM
Here’s How alcohol can affect our body at different parts:

Brain:
Alcohol interferes with the brain’s communication pathways, and can affect the way the brain
looks and works. These disruptions can change mood and behavior, and make it harder to think
clearly and move with coordination.

Heart:
Drinking a lot over a long time or too much on a single occasion can damage the heart, causing
problems including: Cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmias, Stroke, High Blood Pressure

Liver:
Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can lead to a variety of problems and liver
inflammations including: Fatty Liver, Alcoholic Hepatitis, Fibrosis, Cirrhosis

Pancreas:
Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic substances that can eventually lead to pancreatitis, a
dangerous inflammation and swelling of the blood vessels in the pancreas that prevents proper
digestion.
Cancer:
Drinking too much alcohol can increase your risk of developing certain cancers, including cancers
of the Mouth, Esophagus, Throat, Liver, Breast.

Immune System: .
Drinking too much can weaken your immune system, making your body a much easier target for
disease. Chronic drinkers are more liable to contract diseases like pneumonia and tuberculosis
than people who do not drink too much.

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 CHAPTER-4
CURE FOR ALCOHOLISM

There are some types of Treatment to cure Alcoholism, they are:2

BEHAVIORAL TREATMENTS

Behavioral treatments are aimed at changing drinking behavior through counseling. They are led
by health professionals and supported by studies showing they can be beneficial.

MEDICATIONS

Three medications are currently approved in the United States to help people stop or reduce their
drinking and prevent relapse. They are prescribed by a primary care physician or other health
professional and may be used alone or in combination with counseling.

YOGA ASANA’S

With the help of yoga and meditation methods performed through proper techniques and at proper
times and following proper diet prescribed by the physician or physical trainee.

Marichyasana which reduces mental weakness

Surya Namaskaras
Baddha konasana
Bala asana
Viparita Karini

2
https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/treatment/treatment.html.
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 CHAPTER-5
STATISTICAL-DATA REGARDING THE ALCOHOLISM IN THE WORLD

Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH)3:

It is an International organization which collects data and statistics regarding alcohol consumption
in the world as well as especially in India also with this organization one of our country’s finest
data collection organization has taken an initiative step in collecting data regarding alcohol
consumption. It is also an essential tool for assessing and monitoring the health situation and trends
related to alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harm, and policy responses in countries. There are
60 different types of diseases where alcohol has a significant causal role. It also causes harm to the
well-being and health of people around the drinker. In 2005, the worldwide total consumption was
equal to 6.13 liters of pure alcohol per person 15 years and older. Unrecorded consumption
accounts for nearly 30% of the worldwide total adult consumption. The harmful use of alcohol
results in the death of 3.3 million people annually. In 2010, the worldwide total consumption was
equal to 6.2 liters of pure alcohol per person 15 years and older.
Some of the important statistics collected by “WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)”

1) Due to the harmful use of alcohol 3.3 million people die from it in a year.
2) Alcohol consumption - 62% of adults in the world who were consuming alcohol has abstained
themselves from the consumption of alcohol and other products of it in the past time period of
twelve months.

REPORTS PROVIDED ON ALCOHOL AND THEIR CONSUMPTION AND AT VARIOUS

SOCITIES BASED ON OR WITH THE SUPPORT OF WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
(WHO):

1) Global Status Report on Alcohol -

This report is published by the World Health Organization (WHO) provides an update on the
global picture of the status of alcohol as a factor in world health and seeks to document what is
known about

3
msbgsruprofiles.pdf
8
alcohol consumption and drinking patterns among various population groups. It consists of two
parts. The first part presents an overview and comparative analyses of the alcohol situation on a
regional and global basis using indicators such as alcohol consumption and use, prevalence rates
and drinking patterns. There is also a discussion on the health and social consequences of alcohol
use.

2) Alcohol in Developing Societies:

A Public Health Approach - An international group of scholars analyzes the many sides of the
problem of alcohol with a focus on Africa, Latin America, Asia, Oceania and indigenous societies
within developed countries. It is those involved in dealing with alcohol problems in developing
societies. This includes not only public health workers, law enforcement and public administration,
but also policy-makers and concerned citizens.

3) Global Status Report:

Alcohol and Young People- Drawing on WHO's global alcohol database, this report will provide
an overview of the prevalence of drinking among young people, alcohol-related mortality and other
health effects, trends in the alcohol environment surrounding youthful drinking, and prevention
policies designed to reduce alcohol-related problems among the young.

IN CASE OF INDIA:

One of the statistic forums has given their statistics that is as follows:

ALCOHOL ATLAS OF INDIA: -

It is the first major manual from Indian Alcohol Policy Alliance (IAPA), as part of its commitment
to prevent alcohol related harm through evidence based policy intervention, advocacy and capacity
building. The Alcohol Atlas is a useful reference guide for policy makers, professionals, national
and international organizations and institutions who are engaged on alcohol issues.

THE AGE GROUP WHICH IS AFFECTED DUE TO ALCOHOLISM:

IN WORLD:
Alcohol consumption causes death and disability relatively early in life. In the age group 20 – 39
years approximately 25 % of the total deaths are alcohol-attributable.

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IN INDIA:
In case of India it is totally different. The consumption of alcohol has been started at the age group
of 6 to 13 years itself and by the end of teenage it has grown up and until the age of 40 years the
consumption of alcohol has gone up to 40% in the last decade and the percentage of drinking
alcohol in the age group 40-59 years has been decreased drastically up to 40%-50% and at age 60
years and until their natural life of human the consumption was high as usual in the last decade.

THE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL WAS ASSESSED BY THE WORLD HEALTH

ORGANIZATION (WHO):

HOW MUCH DO PEOPLE DRINK?

The true picture of alcohol consumption is often shrouded in myths and assumptions. A statistical
presentation and mapping of the level and patterns of global, regional and country alcohol
consumption by adults 15 years and older provides a sound basis for the analysis of problems
related to alcohol. The principal measure is Adult Per Capita alcohol consumption (APC) in liters
of pure alcohol. The country-level data on APC and consumption of different types of alcoholic
beverages.

TOTAL ADULT PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION IN THE WORLD:

Worldwide per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages in 2005 equaled 6.13 liters of pure
alcohol consumed by every person aged 15 years or older. A large portion of this consumption
28.6% or 1.76 liters per person was homemade and illegally produced alcohol or, in other words,
unrecorded alcohol. The consumption of homemade or illegally produced alcohol may be
associated with an increased risk of harm because of unknown and potentially dangerous
impurities or contaminants in these beverages. The highest consumption levels can be found in the
developed world, mostly the Northern Hemisphere, but also in Argentina, Australia and New
Zealand. Medium consumption levels can be found in southern Africa, with Namibia and South
Africa having the highest levels, and in North and South America. Low consumption levels can be
found in the countries of North Africa and sub-

Saharan Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean region, and southern Asia and the Indian Ocean. These
regions represent large populations of the Islamic faith, which have very high rates of abstention.

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UN-RECORDED ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION:

The consumption of unrecorded alcohol is a significant issue in all WHO regions, and poses a
difficult dimension for measuring the true nature of global alcohol consumption. Data must be
culled from many sources to accurately estimate this sector of consumption, which accounts for
nearly 30% of total worldwide adult consumption.

THE DETAILED EXPLAINATION REGARDING THE UN-RECORDED ALCOHOL:

Unrecorded alcohol refers to alcohol that is not taxed and is outside the usual system of
governmental control, because it is produced, distributed and sold outside formal channels.
Unrecorded alcohol consumption in a country includes consumption of homemade or informally
produced alcohol (legal or illegal), smuggled alcohol, alcohol intended for industrial or medical
uses, alcohol obtained through cross-border shopping (which is recorded in a different
jurisdiction), as well as consumption of alcohol by tourists. Homemade or informally produced
alcoholic beverages are mostly fermented beverages made from sorghum, millet, maize, rice,
wheat or fruits.

CHANGES IN ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION OVER TIME:

Time series of alcohol consumption complete the picture of global alcohol use. Trends are
measured in two ways: annual reported adult per capita alcohol consumption and estimates of five-
year changes in consumption, which are not affected by small departures in a trend. For alcohol
consumption, both the per capita consumption trend and estimate of five-year change in APC tell
similar stories.

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 CHAPTER-6
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE4

The World Health Organization initiated The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS,
2004), which is a collaborative surveillance project designed to help countries measure and assess
the behavioral risk factors including alcohol use and protective factors in 10 key areas among
young people (aged 13–15 years). The GSHS is a relatively low-cost school-based survey which
uses a self-administered questionnaire to obtain data on young people’s health behavior and
protective factors related to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children and
adults worldwide. It gives an overview of the national data from GSHS concerning current
drinking among young people aged 13–15years. In the WHO Global Survey on Alcohol and
Health (2008), the five-year trend of under-age drinking was assessed: out of 73 responding
countries, 71% indicated an increase, 4% a decrease, 8% were stable and 16% showed
inconclusive trends. The five-year trend of drinking among 18–25 year olds indicated that, out of
82 responding countries, 80% showed an increase, 11% a decrease, 6% were stable and 12%
showed inconclusive trends. Overall, hazardous and harmful drinking patterns, such as drinking to
intoxication and binge drinking, seem to be on the rise among adolescents and young adults. One
reason could be the use of alcoholic carbonate drinks, better known as ‘alcopops’, that is equated
with more problematic drinking patterns, such as more frequent drinking, earlier onset of alcohol
consumption, drunkenness and more alcohol-related negative consequences.

PATTERNS OF DRINKING:

Patterns of alcohol use are as important as per capita consumption in creating an accurate picture of
the impact of global alcohol consumption on health. The most influential indicators related to
patterns of drinking, which have an inordinate impact on the global alcohol scenario, include
abstention and heavy episodic drinking.
ABSTENTION:
Prevalence of abstention is an indicator that is equally relevant to the description of levels and
patterns of alcohol consumption. Within the context of alcohol epidemiology there are several
different types of abstention, each of which has a different effect on global alcohol trends.

4 Currie C et al., eds. (2008). Inequalities in young people’s health. HBSC international report from the 2005/2006 survey.
Copenhagen, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (Health Policy for Children and Adolescents, No. 5;
http://www.euro. who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/53852/E91416.pdf, accessed 16 October 2017).

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Abstention from all forms of alcohol is very prevalent in many parts 13 Consumption of the world
and, to a significant extent, determines overall levels of alcohol consumption in a population. In
countries with high APC, there are fewer lifetime abstainers compared to countries with low APC.
This suggests that WHO regions with the highest per capita consumption, commonly found in the
European Region or other developed areas, do not necessarily have the highest consumption per
drinker.
Globally, 45% of the world’s population has never consumed alcohol (men: 35% women: 55%). In
addition, 13.1% (men: 13.8% women: 12.5%) have not consumed alcohol during the past year. In
conclusion, almost half of all men and two thirds of all women worldwide have abstained.

HEAVY EPISODIC DRINKING:

Heavy episodic drinking (HED) is another measurable pattern of alcohol consumption risk. In this
report, it is defined as drinking at least 60 grams or more of pure alcohol on at least one occasion in
the past seven days. The percentages of heavy episodic drinkers among male and female past-year
drinkers, respectively, for 62 WHO Member States.

Heavy episodic drinking is one of the most important indicators for acute consequences of alcohol
use, such as injuries. Heavy episodic drinking is quite high in many countries with middle to high
per capita consumption, such as in Brazil and South Africa. There are also differences among
countries with similarly high adult per capita alcohol consumption. In some rather low consuming
countries, such as India, Malawi, Pakistan and Zambia, a high proportion of drinkers drink heavily
on single occasions, suggesting an “all-or-nothing” type of behavior. In some European countries,
such as France with high APC, heavy episodic drinking is rather low, suggesting that APC can be
driven by more regular but moderate drinking patterns. Worldwide, about 11.5% of drinkers have
weekly heavy episodic drinking occasions, with men outnumbering women by four to one. Men
consistently engage in hazardous drinking at much higher levels than women in all regions.
There is no consistent picture regarding country income and heavy episodic drinking. In the more
developed regions like Europe or the Americas, heavy episodic drinking is more common in poorer
countries. In developing or emerging regions such as Africa or South-East Asia, richer countries
show a higher likelihood of heavy episodic drinking.

CONSEQUENCES:

ALCOHOL AND HEALTH:

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The harmful use of alcohol is one of the world’s leading health risks. It is a causal factor in more
than 60 major types of diseases and injuries and results in approximately 2.5 million deaths each
year. If we take into consideration the beneficial impact of low risk alcohol use on morbidity and
mortality in some diseases and in some population groups, the total number of deaths attributable
to alcohol consumption was estimated to be 2.25 million in 2004. This accounts for more deaths
than caused by HIV/AIDS or tuberculosis. Thus, 4% of all deaths worldwide are attributable to
alcohol. The harmful use of alcohol is especially fatal for younger age groups and alcohol is the
world’s leading risk factor for death among males aged 15–59. Approximately 4.5% of the global
burden of disease and injury is attributable to alcohol. Alcohol consumption is estimated to cause
from 20% to 50% of cirrhosis of the liver, epilepsy, poisonings, road traffic accidents, violence and
several types of cancer. It is the third highest risk for disease and disability, after childhood
underweight and unsafe sex. Alcohol contributes to traumatic outcomes that kill or disable people
at a relatively young age, resulting in the loss of many years of life to death and disability. This
section examines the causal links between alcohol and death, disease and injury.

HOW ALCOHOL CAUSES DISEASE AND INJURY:

Alcohol is linked both to the incidence of disease and the course of disease. The impact of alcohol
consumption on disease and injury is associated with two separate but related dimensions of
drinking by individuals: the volume of alcohol consumed and the pattern of drinking. More than 30
International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes include alcohol in their name or definition,
indicating that alcohol consumption is a necessary cause. Of these, alcohol use disorders (AUDs)
are the most significant. In addition, alcohol has been identified as a component cause for over 200
ICD-10 disease codes. A component cause may be one among a number of components, none of
which alone is sufficient to cause the disease. When a number of the components are present, the
sufficient cause is formed. Apart from the volume of consumption, the pattern of drinking has been
linked to two main categories of disease outcome: injuries (both unintentional and intentional) and
cardiovascular diseases (mainly ischemic heart disease). One of the key characteristics of the
pattern of drinking is the presence of heavy drinking events.

The volume and pattern of alcohol consumption lead to three mechanisms that directly impact
disease and injury. These mechanisms are:
(1) Toxic and other effects of alcohol on organs and tissues
(2) Intoxication
(3) Dependence. In addition, the quality of alcoholic beverages may have an impact on health and
mortality, for instance, when homemade or illegally produced alcoholic beverages are
contaminated with methanol or lead.

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 MAJOR DISEASE AND INJURY CATEGORIES CAUSALLY LINKED TO ALCOHOL5:

Neuropsychiatric disorders: AUDs are the most important disorders caused by alcohol
consumption in this category. Epilepsy is another disease causally impacted by alcohol, over and
above withdrawal-induced seizures. Many other neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with
alcohol, but whether they are caused or the extent to which they are caused by alcohol
consumption is not clear.
Gastrointestinal diseases: liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis (both acute and chronic) can be caused
by alcohol consumption. Higher levels of alcohol consumption create an exponential risk increase.
The impact of alcohol is so large for both disease categories that there are subcategories that are
labelled as “alcoholic” or “alcohol-induced”.
Cancer: alcohol consumption has been identified as carcinogenic for the following cancer
categories are cancers of the colorectal, female breast, larynx, liver, esophagus, oral cavity and
pharynx. The higher the consumption of alcohol, the greater the risk for these cancers: even the
consumption of two drinks per day causes an increased risk for some cancers, such as breast
cancer.
Cardiovascular diseases: the relationship between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular
diseases is complex. Light to moderate drinking can have a beneficial impact on morbidity and
mortality for ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke. However, the beneficial cardio protective
effect of drinking disappears with heavy drinking occasions. Moreover, alcohol consumption has
detrimental effects on hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias and hemorrhagic stroke, regardless of
the drinking pattern.
Fetal alcohol syndrome and pre-term birth complications: alcohol consumption by an
expectant mother may cause these conditions, which are detrimental to the health and development
of neonates. Diabetes mellitus: a dual relationship exists between alcohol consumption and
diabetes mellitus. Light to moderate drinking may be beneficial while heavy drinking is
detrimental.

In addition to the disease and injury categories listed in, new evidence points to a causal link
between alcohol and infectious diseases. Namely, alcohol consumption weakens the immune
system, thus enabling infections by pathogens, which cause pneumonia and tuberculosis. This
effect is markedly more pronounced with heavy drinking and there may be a threshold effect. A
strong association exists between alcohol consumption and HIV infection and sexually transmitted
diseases. It may be that a common third cause, such as having particular personality traits, impacts

5 Baliunas D et al. (2009a). Alcohol consumption and risk of incident human immunodeficiency virus infection: a meta-
analysis. International Journal of Public Health, 55:159–166 [E-pub 2009 Dec 1].

15
on both alcohol consumption and risky sexual behavior leading to infectious diseases. However,
there is a clear causal effect of alcohol consumption on HIV/AIDS patients adherence to
antiretroviral treatment.

THE BURDEN OF DISEASE ATTRIBUTABLE TO ALCOHOL:

The relationship between alcohol consumption and health outcomes is complex, often resulting
from a series of factors, many of which are related to levels and patterns of alcohol consumption,
but also to other factors, such as drinking culture, alcohol regulation or the lack of it, and alcoholic
beverage quality.

ALCOHOL-ATTRIBUTABLE BURDEN OF DISEASE AND INJURY:

Disability-adjusted life years are a time-based measure of health status, which was developed as
part of the Global Burden of Disease Study. DALY’s are years of life lost due to premature
mortality combined with years of life lost due to time lived in less than full health to create a single
indicator that assesses the overall burden of disease for a given population. Estimating alcohol-
attributable DALY’s data for 15+ years population in 2004 were obtained from the global burden
of disease.

The relative effect of neuropsychiatric disorders linked to alcohol on disease burden was far more
pronounced than its effect on mortality. Approximately 39% of all DALY’s were for
neuropsychiatric disorders compared with 6% for all deaths. Alcohol attributable DALY’s from
neuropsychiatric disorders consist of 88% DALY’s due to alcohol use disorders and 12% DALY’s
due to epilepsy and unipolar depressive disorder. Alcohol use disorders, which are responsible for
the largest proportion of all alcohol attributable DALY’s, cause significant disability but much less
mortality than chronic non-psychiatric diseases.

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 CHAPTER-7
ALCOHOL, HEALTH AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT6

Death, disease and injury related to alcohol consumption are clearly linked to economic status, and
this is true for individuals, countries and regions. Lower economic development and
socioeconomic status generally mean greater health problems related to alcohol, at least among
people who drink alcohol. The lower the economic development of a country or region, the higher
the alcohol attributable mortality and burden of disease and injury per liter of pure alcohol
consumed. Also, the lower the socioeconomic status of a person within a country, the higher the
alcohol-attributable disease burden. Overall, the relationship between alcohol consumption,
economic development and disease burden is complex. In low- to middle-income countries – up to
about US$ 20 000 per capita purchasing power parity-adjusted GDP.
ALCOHOL, HEALTH AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES7
The lower the socioeconomic status of a person within a country, the higher the alcohol attributable
disease burden per liter of pure alcohol consumed. Alcohol increases existing differences in
mortality and morbidity between higher and lower socioeconomic strata. In England, Scotland, and
Wales from 1988 to 1994, male census employment data linked to death records showed that
unskilled workers had 4.5 times greater relative risk for alcohol-related mortality and 3.6 times
greater relative risk for chronic liver disease and cirrhosis compared to professional workers. In
Finland, census data linked to death records for 2001–2005 found clear gradients for alcohol
mortality by education. Men had a relative risk of 3.52 and women a relative risk of 4.13, and by
social class (unskilled workers vs. white-collar workers), where men had a relative risk of 1.57 and
women a relative risk of 2.72. In Brazil, the lowest educational group had 2.1 times greater relative
risk of alcohol dependence compared to the highest educational group. In the Russian Federation,
the lowest educational group had a much higher relative risk for alcohol-related mortality than the
highest educational group, with relative risks of 3.45% vs. 1.71% for men and 4.63% vs. 1.45% for
women. In Europe as a whole, inequalities in alcohol-related mortality account for 11% of the
difference in mortality among men in different socioeconomic groups and 6% of those among
women. Infectious diseases are more common in terms of incidence and prevalence in less
developed countries, and still more common in poorer populations within these countries. Overall,
these populations have less heavy alcohol consumption than high-income countries. However, for

6Harrison L, Gardiner E (1999). Do the rich really die young? Alcohol-related mortality and social class in Great Britain, 1988-
94. Addiction, 94:1871–1880.

7Herttua K, Mäkelä P, Martikainen P (2008). Changes in alcohol-related mortality and its socioeconomic differences after a large
reduction in alcohol prices: a natural experiment based on register data. American Journal of Epidemiology Chicago, 168:1110–
1118.

17
those in less developed countries who consume alcohol, the risk of infectious disease can be
considerably increased. This explains why, in countries with a high incidence of infectious diseases
and relatively high consumption of alcohol, alcohol contributes over proportionally to infectious
disease burden. Social conditions associated with poverty include overcrowded communities,
unsafe drinking water, unsanitary conditions and malnutrition. Infection with tuberculosis or
pneumonia is relatively likely in such environments, particularly when the immune system has
been harmed by heavy drinking.

HARM TO OTHER PEOPLE:

Social harm from drinking can be classified in terms of how they affect important roles and
responsibilities of everyday life: work, family, friendship and public character. Intoxication
interferes to a greater or lesser extent with most productive labor. The drinker’s own productivity is
reduced, and there may be adverse social consequences for the drinker, including loss of their job.
The productivity of others around the drinker may be diminished if they have to take time out of
their work to cover for the drinker’s mistakes, absences or lateness. Similarly, the ability of a
parent or guardian to care for children is adversely affected by intoxication. There may be serious
adverse immediate and long-term effects for the children because of neglect or abuse by the
drinker. There also may be serious consequences for the drinker from family members, social
services or public safety authorities in response to neglect or abuse by the drinker. Drinking and
intoxication can also adversely affect intimate and family relations, and friendships. The adverse
effects are often most clearly visible in small and isolated communities. Again, there may be both
adverse effects for both the drinker and others in these relationships. Besides the adverse social
impact on family members, relatives, friends and co-workers, people’s drinking can also impact on
strangers, who can be victims of road traffic accidents caused by a drunk driver or be assaulted by
an intoxicated person.

HARM TO SOCIETY AT LARGE8:

Alcohol can also do harm at the level of society, beyond small groups such as families. For
instance, heavy lunchtime drinking at factories may affect the quality of work and the economic
survival of the factories without it actually affecting any particular person. This, in turn, can affect
the economic viability of a community that depends on factory jobs. In this way, widespread heavy
drinking can adversely affect whole societies. A substantial body of research examines the
economic costs of

8 Allen B, Anglin L, Giesbrecht, N (1998). Effect of others’ drinking as perceived by community members. Canadian
Journal of Public Health, Toronto 89:337–341.

18
alcohol consumption for society as a whole, including the costs to governments and citizens and, to
a certain extent, to drinkers themselves. The studies typically do not try to disentangle who within
society is paying the costs, although some separate out costs that are paid by various levels of
government. In a recent analysis pulling together cost studies from four high-income countries and
two middle-income countries, the total costs attributable to alcohol ranged from 1.3% to 3.3% of
GDP. These costs are not only substantial when compared to GDP, but also in relation to other risk
factors.

THE GLOBAL STRATEGY TO REDUCE THE HARMFUL USE OF ALCOHOL:

It was endorsed by the Sixty-third World Health Assembly in May 2010. The consensus reached
on the global strategy and its endorsement by the WHA is the outcome of close collaboration
between WHO Member States and the WHO Secretariat. The process that led to the development
of the global strategy included consultations with other stakeholders, such as civil society groups
and economic operators. The global strategy builds on several WHO global and regional strategic
initiatives and represents the commitment by WHO Member States to sustained action at all levels.
The strategy contains a set of principles that should guide the development and implementation of
policies at all levels; it sets priority areas for global action, recommends target areas for national
action and gives a strong mandate to WHO to strengthen action at all levels. The strategy has five
objectives:
(a) raised global awareness of the magnitude and nature of the health, social and economic
problems caused by the harmful use of alcohol, and increased government commitment to act to
address the harmful use of alcohol.
(b) strengthened knowledge base on the magnitude and determinants of alcohol-related harm and
on effective interventions to reduce and prevent such harm.
(c) increased technical support to, and enhanced capacity of, Member States to prevent the harmful
use of alcohol and manage disorders caused by the use of alcohol and associated health conditions.
(d) strengthened partnerships and better coordination among stakeholders and increased
mobilization of resources required for appropriate and concerted action to prevent the harmful use
of alcohol.
(e) improved systems for monitoring and surveillance at different levels, and more effective
dissemination and application of information for advocacy, policy development and evaluation
purposes.

19
 The Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol9:

It includes ten recommended target areas for national action:

● Leadership, awareness and commitment
• Health service response
• Community action
• Drink–driving policies and countermeasures
• Availability of alcohol
• Marketing of alcoholic beverages
• pricing policies
• reducing the negative consequences of intoxication
• reducing the public health impact of unrecorded alcohol
• Monitoring and surveillance.
The implementation of the global strategy will require active collaboration with Member States,
with appropriate engagement of international development partners, civil society, the private
sector, as well as public health and research institutions. 42 Global status reports on alcohol and
health in the last 40 years, WHO has conducted several surveys of alcohol policies in Member
States. In 1974, WHO published a report on problems and programs related to alcohol and other
drug dependence in 33 countries. In 1980, in collaboration with the Addiction Research
Foundation, Canada, WHO published a review of alcohol-related prevention measures, policies
and programs in 80 countries. WHO’s first Global status report on alcohol was published in 1999,
and included information on alcohol consumption, problems and policies in 174 Member States.
The World Health Organization and others have reviewed the evidence base for alcohol policies.
This section focuses on the most effective policies those most likely to serve as future indicators of
the effectiveness of a global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. The existence of
warning labels on alcohol advertising and containers is another policy. Treatment for disorders
caused by alcohol use is also considered an alcohol policy because it controls demand. Nine
countries report a complete ban on alcohol: Afghanistan, Brunei Darussalam, the Islamic Republic
of Iran, Maldives, Mauritania, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia and Sudan. Because a total ban
obviates the need for most other alcohol policies, these countries are not included in the
descriptions of specific policies below except where noted. Four other countries report partial bans:
Bangladesh, Comoros, India (in five states), and Qatar.

9Kraus L, Metzner C, Piontek D (2010). Alcopops, alcohol consumption and alcohol related problems in a sample of German
adolescents: is there an alcopop-specific effect? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 110:15–20.

20
BY RISING PRICES AND TAXES:

One of the most effective strategies for reducing consumption of alcohol at the population level is
through increasing alcohol prices, usually accomplished by raising alcohol taxes. A recent review
of 112 studies of the effects of alcohol tax affirmed that when alcohol taxes go up, drinking goes
down – including among problem drinkers and youth. However, such steps can only be effective if
the illegal alcohol market is under control. In order to compare taxes among countries, excise taxes
on one liter of pure alcohol in beer, wine and spirits were computed to obtain a nominal tax rate,
unrecorded consumption was removed, and then a percentage value for the excise tax rate on one
liter of total alcohol was determined.

Thailand: an example of alcohol excise tax usage for health promotion:

The Thai Health Promotion Foundation (Thai Health) is an autonomous state agency, which was
established in 2001 as the first organization of its kind in Asia. It is funded by taxes collected from
producers and importers of alcohol and tobacco. Thai Health aims to use its flexibility in
management and budget to help initiate, facilitate and transform health promotion opportunities.
Some of the tax revenues are used directly for alcohol consumption control. Thai Health supports
the establishment of an enforcement surveillance center for alcohol control regulations, and a
research center on alcohol consumption. Thai Health has also paid for advertising campaigns to
reduce alcohol-related traffic accidents, to encourage abstinence and to raise awareness of the links
between alcohol and domestic violence. Finally, Thai Health helped persuade the government to
pass a national policy to control alcohol advertising and to establish a National Committee for
Alcohol Consumption Control.

PREVENTING DRINKING AND DRIVING:

Blood alcohol concentration is the percentage of alcohol by volume in the bloodstream. The risk of
traffic accidents begins to increase at a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04%. Setting maximum
blood alcohol concentrations for drivers and enforcing these with sobriety checkpoints and random
breath testing can reduce alcohol related motor vehicle crashes by approximately 20%, and are
very cost-effective. Also, setting lower permissible BACs for younger drivers can reduce alcohol-
related crashes among this population by between 4% and 24%. For all of these measures, though,
high-visibility enforcement is critical. Carefully planned mass media campaigns that complement
high-visibility enforcement have been shown to reduce injury-producing alcohol-related crashes by
10%, and total alcohol-related crashes by 13%.

21
Brazil: an example of national drink–driving policy formulation:

The Brazilian Drink &Driving law, Lei Seca (Dry Law; formally Federal law number 11.705) is
which was passed on 19 June 2008. This law specifies that drivers caught with a BAC of 0.2 g/l
can be arrested and criminally charged. Infringement of the law results in penalties of up to three
years in prison, a considerable fi ne and suspension of the offender’s driver’s license for one year.
Instead of merely targeting drink–driving, Lei Seca also targets impaired driving. The law also
prohibits the sale of alcoholic drinks at businesses along the rural stretches of federal roads. Police
across Brazil test the BAC levels of suspected offenders on the spot using breath analyzers.

BANNING ALCOHOL ADVERTISING AND MARKETING:

Countries use a wide range of policies to control alcohol advertising and marketing. The most
common is self-regulation or co-regulation, in which the primary responsibility for regulating
alcohol marketing lies with the alcoholic beverage industry itself. Countries were asked to report
regulation and self-regulation of alcohol advertising and marketing in nine media categories: public
service and national television, commercial and private television, national radio, local radio,
printed newspapers and magazines, billboards, points of sale, cinemas and the Internet.

France: an example of policy formulation to control alcohol advertising and marketing:

The French alcohol and tobacco policy law, La LoiÉvin (formally Loi n°91-32 du 10 janvier 1991
relative à la luttecontrele tabagisme et l’alcoolisme). This policy bans the advertising of all
alcoholic beverages containing over 1.2% alcohol by volume on television or in cinemas, and
prohibits sponsorship of sports or cultural events by alcohol companies. LoiÉvin also prohibits the
targeting of young people and controls the content of alcohol advertisements. Messages and images
should only refer to the characteristics of the products and a health warning must be included in
each advertisement. In 2008, this legislation was extended to apply to alcohol advertising on the
Internet and in newspaper and magazine editorials. Alcohol advertising is only permitted in the
press for adults, on billboards, on radio channels (under certain conditions) and at some special
events or places. There are significant monetary sanctions for infringements of the law, which have
ensured its implementation.

22
 CHAPTER-8
LEGALATIONS

IMPLEMENTED BY “WHO”:

ALCOHOL POLICY:

“Alcohol policy”, as a collective noun, refers to the set of measures in a jurisdiction or society
aimed at minimizing the health and social harms from alcohol consumption. These measures may
be in any governmental or societal sector, and may include measures which are not directly aimed
at alcohol consumption; for instance, the promotion of alternatives to drinking, where such a
measure has the aim of minimizing alcohol-related harms. A national alcohol policy will be made
up of a set of individual policies, strategies, and implementing actions. There are also a variety of
other policies which impinge on alcohol-related problems, increasing or reducing them, but which
are neither normally described as alcohol policies nor normally included within an overall alcohol
policy, since the policies are not adopted or implemented with the minimization of alcohol
problems as a primary aim. For the purpose of the WHO Global Survey on Alcohol and Health,
alcohol policy was referred to as an organized set of values, principles and objectives for reducing
the burden attributable to alcohol in a population.

ACTS BROUGHT UP BY INDIAN GOVERNMENT:

Our government has brought out some of the legislations those are mentioned below:
Alcohol policy is under the legislative power of individual states. Prohibition, enshrined as an
aspiration in the Constitution, was introduced and then withdrawn in Haryana and Andhra Pradesh
in the midi-1990s, although it continues in Gujarat, with partial restrictions in other states – Delhi,
for example, has dry days. There was an earlier failure of prohibition in Tamil Nadu. Excise
department regulate and control the sale of liquor in the NCT of Delhi. Retail supply of alcohol is
regulated by it.

Delhi Liquor License Rules, 1976. It prohibits consumption and service of liquor at public places.
This also prohibits employment to any person (male under the age of 25 years or any female) at
any licensed premises either with or without remuneration in part of such premises in which liquor
or intoxicating drug is consumed by the public. Similarly, no individual should possess liquor at
one time more than the prescribed limit without special permit.

The Bombay Prohibition Act, 1949, prohibits the production, manufacture, possession,
exportation, importation, transportation, purchase, sale, consumption and use of all intoxicants.

23
Alcohol Advertisements:
Cable Television Network (Regulation) Amendment Bill, in force September 8, 2000,
It completely prohibits cigarette and alcohol advertisements. The government controlled channel,
Doordarshan, does not broadcast such advertisements but satellite channels however are replete
with them.

Drunkenness:
Section 84 of the Bombay Prohibition Act 1949
Drunkenness is defined as the condition produced in a person who has taken alcohol in a quantity
sufficient to cause him to lose control of his faculties to such an extent that he is unable to execute
the occupation on which he is engaged at the material time. It provides that any person, who is
found drunk or drinking in a common drinking house or is found there present for the purpose of
drinking, shall on conviction, be punished with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees.
Section 85 provides that any person found drunk and incapable of controlling himself or behaves in
a disorderly manner under the influence of drink in any street or thoroughfare or public place or in
any place to which public have or permitted to have access, shall on conviction, be punished with
imprisonment for a term which may extend to one to three months and with fine which may extend
to two hundred to five hundred rupees.

Drunken Driving:
“SECTION- 185 OF Motor Vehicle Act-1988”
Across the world, governments have defined different acceptable blood alcohol levels. However,
there is no minimum threshold below which alcohol can be consumed without risk. With rise in
blood alcohol concentration, there is progressive loss of driving ability due to increased reaction
time, over confidence, impaired concentration, degraded muscle coordination and decreased visual
and auditory acuity. Though the laws to check the drunken driving do exist in India but there is
need to effectively impose the same on the alcohol impaired drivers. The blood alcohol
content (BAC) limits are fixed at 0.03%. Any person whose BAC values are detected more than
this limit is booked under the first offense. He/she may be fined about 2000 and\or he or she may
face a maximum of 6 months imprisonment. If he person commits a second offense within 3 years
of the first then he/she may be fined about 3000 and/or he or she may face a maximum of 2 years
imprisonment. On 1 March 2012, the Union Cabinet approved proposed changes to the “Motor
Vehicle Act”. As per the new provisions, drunk driving would be dealt with higher penalty and jail
terms - fines ranging from 2,000 to 10,000 and imprisonment from 6 months to 4 years. Drink
driving will be graded according to alcohol levels in the blood.
Karnataka Excise Act, 1965 Section 36:

24
In Karnataka, as per Karnataka Excise Department, 1967 legal age of drinking is 21 however
as per The Karnataka Excise Act, 1965 Section 36 legal age to purchase alcohol is 18 years. In
many states, the act was silent about either about the valid drinking age or purchasing age. In such
a situation, for the purpose of convenience it is assumed that the both the age is same

States in which liquor consuming age is 18

1. Andaman Nicobar Islands (Andaman and Nicobar Islands Excise Regulation, 2012 Section
24 Excise Policy RULE 14)
2. Himachal Pradesh (THE HIMACHAL PRADESH LIQUOR LICENSE RULES, 1986 RULE-
16)
3. Kerala (Abkary Act, (1 OF 1077) Section- 15A & 15B)
4. Mizoram {Mizoram Liquor (Prohibition and Control) Bill 2014 Section 58}
5. Pondicherry (The Pondicherry Excise Act, 1970 Section 35)
6. Rajasthan (Rajasthan Excise Act 1950, SECTION 22)
7. Sikkim {THE SIKKIM HOME GUARDS BILL, 1992 (BILL NO. 1 OF 1992) SECTION {20}.

States in which liquor consuming age is 21

1. Andhra Pradesh {The Andhra Pradesh (regulation of Wholesale Trade and Distribution and
Retail Trade in Indian Liquor, Foreign Liquor, wine and Beer) Act, 1993}
2. Arunachal Pradesh (The Arunachal Pradesh Excise Act, 1993 section 42)
3. Assam (Rule 241 and 5.10 of the Assam excise Rule 1945)
4. Chhattisgarh (The Chhattisgarh Excise Act, 1915 Section 23)
5. Dadra and Nagar Haveli (THE DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI EXCISE REGULATION,
2012 Section 24)
6. Daman and Diu (The Goa, Daman and Diu Excise Duty Act & Rules 1964 section 19)
7. Goa (The Goa Excise Duty Act and Rules, 1964 Section 19)
8. Jammu and Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir Excise Act, 1958 SECTION- 50 B Jammu and
Kashmir Liquor License and Sales Rules, 1984 RULE 11)
9. Jharkhand (The Bihar & Orissa Excise Act, 1915 Section 54)
10. Karnataka (Karnataka Excise Department, 1967)
11. Madhya Pradesh (The Madhya Pradesh Excise Act, 1915– SECTION 23)
12. Orissa (THE ODISHA EXCISE ACT, 2005 SECTION 61)
13. Tamil Nadu {Tamil Nadu Liquor (License and Permit) Rules, 1981Section 25 rule XV}
14. Telangana (Andhra Pradesh Excise Act 1968- SECTION 36)
15. Tripura (THE TRIPURA EXCISE ACT, 1987 SECTION 53)
16. Uttar Pradesh (United Provinces Excise Act, 1910 Section 2)

25
17. Uttrakhand {United Provinces Excise Act, 1910 The Uttaranchal (The Uttar Pradesh Excise Act,
1910) Section 2}
18. West Bengal (Bengal Excise Act 1909 SECTION 51).

States in which liquor consuming age is 25

1. Chandigarh (Punjab Excise Act, 1915 Section 23)
2. Delhi (Delhi Excise Act, 2010 Section 23 Delhi Liquor License Rules, 1976)
3. Haryana (Punjab Excise Act,1914– SECTION 29)
4. Meghalaya (EASTERN BENGAL AND ASSAM ACT, 1910)
5. Punjab (Punjab Excise Act,1914– SECTION 29)

States in which liquor consumption is Illegal:

These are the states which are known as ‘DRY STATES’. The sale and consumption of alcohol is
banned in over 6 states of India which totally restrict the sale, consumption and even possession of
the liquor.
1. Bihar {Bihar Excise (Amendment) Bill 2016 Section 19(4)}
2. Gujarat {Bombay Prohibition (Gujarat Amendment) Bill, 2009}
3. Lakshadweep {Bombay Prohibition (Gujarat Amendment) Bill, 2009}
4. Manipur (The Manipur Liquor Prohibition Act of1991)
5. Nagaland (Nagaland Liquor Total Prohibition Act, 1989)

DRY DAYS:
Dry Days are the days when alcohol is prohibited in India, regardless the states. There are some
days specifically when the sale of alcohol is prohibited. Republic Day (26 January),
Independence Day (15 August) and Gandhi Jayanti (2 October) are usually dry days
throughout India as they are considered as the National Holidays so every state is bound to
celebrate that day as a DRY DAY. There are also other celebrations and festivals in the India
which are considered as Dry Days.

26
 CHAPTER-9
CASE LAWS
SOME OF THE MAJOR CASE LAWS WHICH ARE DEALTH IN THE WORLD ARE 10:

1) MUTUAL CONSTRUCTION CO TVL (PTY) LTD V. NTOMBELA NO & OTHERS

BRIEF FACTS:
A) Employers Not Required Drafting Charge Sheets That Meet the Standards of Criminal
Indictments.
B) As Long as Employee Understands Nature and Import of Charges He Is Required to Answer,
Which Were Made Still Clearer in The Later De Novo Arbitration Proceedings.
2) TANKER SERVICES (PTY) LIMITED VMAGUDULELA
BRIEF FACTS:

A) Matter of Degree.
B) No Longer Able to Perform the Tasks Entrusted to Him with The Skill Expected of a Sober
Person.
C)Depends on The Nature and Complexity of The Employee’s Task.

3) EXACTICS-PET (PTY) LTD V PATELLA NO & OTHERS11

BRIEF FACTS:
A) Applied Numsa Obo Davids / Bosal Africa (Pty) Ltd Fact That Employee “Caught” Before
Any Serious Incident Arose Does Not Mean That Employee Should Be Treated More Favorably
Than the Person Who Was Not Caught.
B) Commissioner Had Set Impossible Standard of Proof
C) Eyes Bloodshot, Smelt Strongly of Alcohol, Waving His Hands,
D) Incoherent Together with Results of The Breathalyzer Test, Sufficient to Conclude “Under The
Influence”.
4) Astore Africa (Pty) Ltd V Ccma & Others12:

BRIEF FACTS:
A) Same Facts as Exactics-Pet but Degree Chosen by Arbitrator “So Drunk That His Faculties
Were Impaired as A Result of Alcohol Consumption”.
B) The Labour Referred to Lac Judgment in Mondi Paper Co And Held That This Did Not End

10Managing-Alcohol-Abuse-Misconduct-or-Incapacity-Aadil
Patel-25thAnnual Labor Law Conference-2012.
11 EXACTICS-PET (PTY) LTD V PATELLA NO & OTHERS (2002) 67 CLR.

12
Astore Africa (Pty) Ltd V Ccma & Others [2008] 1 BLLR 14 (LC)

27
 the Inquiry. The Key Question, “Was the Driver Unable to Perform His Duties Because of The
Consumption of Alcohol?” Therefore, Requires Proof That the Employee's Ability to Perform His
or Her Work Is Actually Affected.

5)South African Breweries Ltd V Cedric Karstens And Others13

BRIEF FACTS:
A) Determining “Under the Influence” To Be Seen in The Light of The Employee’s Own
Disciplinary Guidelines.
B) Guidelines Defined “Being Intoxicated And/Or Under the Influence of Alcohol” As Having a
Breath Alcohol Content of More Than 0,24 Mg/1000ml.
C) In This Case, There Was No Such Evidence. In Fact, The Employee’s Breath Alcohol Level
Was 0.00.

SOME OF THE INDIA’S FAMOUS CASES:

1. State Tr. P.S. Lodhi Colony V. Sanjeevi Nanda14 SCC (2010)

Brief facts:
Held - Accident had occurred solely and wholly on account of rash and negligent driving of BMW
car by the respondent, at a high speed, who was also intoxicated at that point of time - This fact has
been admitted by the Respondent - Accused at the Appellate stage in the High Court - For the
simple reason that he had already driven almost 16 kms from the place where he had started, to the
point where he actually met with the accident without encountering any untoward incident would
not go absolutely in favor of the Respondent.

2. State of Kerala and others v Palakkad Heritage Hotels 15

Brief Facts:

Respondents challenged order of conviction before HC and vide impugned judgment, HC acquitted
respondents but indicted State for its negligence and also directed State to pay compensation of Rs.
2,00,000 each to heirs of 36 persons who died after consuming liquor and pay compensation of Rs.
1,50,000 to those persons who lost their eye-sight. Hence, instant appeal by State was Whether findings
of HC of evidence connecting accused persons with the tragedy is correct or not.

13 South African Breweries Ltd V Cedric Karstens And Others 33 ILJ 2945 (LC) (2012)
14 State Tr. P.S. Lodhi Colony V. Sanjeevi Nanda 2010 Indlaw SC 44
15
State of Kerala and others v Palakkad Heritage Hotels 2017 Indlaw SC 309

28
 CONCLUSION

The history of alcoholism goes as far back as alcohol coming into existence to begin with. This goes
back thousands of years. There were fermented beverages being made in China dating back to 7000
B.C. There’s even Greek literature from thousands of years ago that talks about the dangers of abusing
alcohol. Alcohol abuse and addiction has been around for a long time, which is why in 1920 the United
States ended up passing a law to prohibit almost anything alcohol related.

Alcoholism is also called as alcohol dependence. Alcoholism is the inability to control drinking due to
both a physical and emotional dependence on alcohol. Alcoholism is the inability to control drinking
due to both a physical and emotional dependence on alcohol. Symptoms include repeated alcohol
consumption despite related legal and health issues. Those with alcoholism may begin each day with a
drink, feel guilty about their drinking and have the desire to cut down on the amount of drinking. For
most adults, moderate alcohol use is probably not harmful. This means that their drinking causes
distress and harm. It includes alcoholism and alcohol abuse.

Some of the legislations brought up by the government of India are as follows:

1)SECTION- 185 OF Motor Vehicle Act-1988
2) Section-84 of the Bombay Prohibition Act-1949
3) Cable Television Network (Regulation) Amendment Bill- 2000

ALCOHOLISM topic is very vast topic and regarding it I would like to take up some of the major topics
which are essential one’s among them. So, we can learn more regarding it in a very short period of time
and I would like to conclude my topic by saying that this cannot be understood in the present days but
later on in the future it is the best topic to do empirical/doctrinal research on this topic. I would like to
thank my sociology sir “Prof. M. LAKSHMIPATHY RAJU SIR” for giving me a chance to do this project.

29
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