Arch.

Geronimo Lajom
archron.lajom@gmail.com

MODULE 5 09276558007; 09228090910

Climatic Data and Analysis

Arch. Ralph Intal
ralfintal.cafa@gmail.com
09175899295
RAIN AND WATER

ENCOURAGE RAIN WATER RECYCLING

The boom of industrialization gave birth to modernization of utility systems and to gradual depletion of
passive technique in utilizing rain resources. Due to high energy cost and reduction of natural resources the old
principle of utilizing natural materials was again revived.

In a tropical country, almost half year is devoted to rainy months ranging from monsoon rains to typhoons.
Rainfall intensities vary but usual peak intensities ranges from 10 – 15 cm in an hour. These rain conditions have
direct impacts on roof design and collecting system. For these reasons, Antillan Houses built during 1950’s – 1960’s
are equipped with special features known as alhibe or rain water cistern. The alhibe is usually located below the
azotea. It undergoes 3 stages of filtration through sedimentation process. Water stored from these cisterns is
equipped with water wells usually above the azotea.

Rain water which is classified as grey water is suitable of watering plants and cleaning purposes. Important
consideration such as efficient rain water collection system must be established in order to tap the resource
effectively, factors such as rainfall intensities, quantity, deposition of organic matter on roofs and gutter, gutter
design, storage system and filtering system.

TYPES OF ROOFS
 Steep roofs – faster runoff
 Moderately Steep Roofs – easy runoff
 Flat roof – slower runoff

To offset accumulation of water the following techniques are recommended:

 Sloped roofs or balconies
 Collection points and drainage
 Provision of Canopies

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 STORAGE TANKS

MICRON FILTER DOWNSPOUTS

RAIN BARRELS

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 PROMOTE EVAPORATIVE COOLING
EVAPORATIVE COOLING
Reduction in temperature resulting from the evaporation of a liquid, which removes latent heat from the
surface from which evaporation takes place. Evaporation of water helps to passively cool buildings, reducing the
energy needed for air-conditioning.

The process of evaporative cooling can be used to cool buildings. This can be as simple as including a water
feature, such as a fountain in a courtyard, or a pond near a building or on a building roof, or might involve spraying
water over a building.

Landscaping encourages evaporative cooling by means of trees, shrubs and grass cover. Plants helps
absorbs the carbon dioxide in our environment and emit oxygen to our surroundings that gives cooling effect. Water
features such as pools, water spray and ponds should also be encouraged to promote evaporative cooling. To protect
ground from soil erosion, protective ground cover should be provided with swales with grade over 3% and ground
slopes over 33%.Planted ground should have a minimum grade of 2% whereas for paved areas minimum grade of
0.5% is required. Always slope the ground away from the building to avoid water leakage problem. Damp proofing
and water proofing is recommended for spaces below grade.

a. POND
is a body of standing water, either natural or man-made, that is usually smaller than a lake. A wide variety of man-
made bodies of water are classified as ponds, including water gardens, water features and Koi ponds; all designed
for aesthetic ornamentation as landscape or architectural features, while fish ponds are designed for commercial fish
breeding, and solar ponds designed to store thermal energy.

Standing bodies of water such as puddles, ponds and lakes are distinguished from a water course, such as a brook,
creek or stream via current speed. While currents in streams are easily observed, ponds and lakes possess thermally
driven micro currents and moderate wind driven currents. These features distinguish a pond from many other aquatic
terrain features, such as stream pools and tide pools.

b. POOLS
1. SWIMMING POOL, an artificially enclosed body of water intended for swimming. A swimming pool,
swimming bath, wading pool, or simply a pool, is a container filled with water intended for swimming or
water-based recreation. There are many standard sizes; the largest and deepest is the pool. A pool can be
built either above or in the ground, and from materials such as metal, plastic, fiberglass or concrete.
2. REFLECTING POOL, a shallow pool designed to reflect a structure and its surroundings. A reflecting pool or
reflection pool is a structure often used in memorials. It generally consists of a shallow pool of water,
usually quite calm. A design with edges being slightly deeper than the center of the pool is often used to
suppress wave formation.
3. TIDE POOL, a rocky pool on an ocean shore that remains filled with seawater when the tide goes out.Many
of these pools exist as separate entities only at low tide.
4. PLUNGE POOL, a small, deep body of water. A plunge pool, also known as a cold plunge, can be a
recreational water feature in landscape design, and constructed in gardens. They can be small-diameter
swimming pools used for wading in warmer climates or adjacent to saunas.
These plunge pools are built to the same codes and specifications as swimming pools in regards to
structural engineering, sanitation and filtration requirements, safety and liability precautions, and building
permits. They can be unheated in climates without seasonal freezing, since their purpose is not for active
recreation or exercise. Their smaller surface and ease of covering reduce evaporative water losses, and
need for potable water refilling. Their popularity has increased with concerns and needs for domestic water
conservation, more sustainable landscaping design, and reduction of resource consumption with energy
efficient landscaping.
5. Stream pool, a quiet slow-moving portion of a stream. A stream pool, in hydrology, is a stretch of a river or
stream in which the water depth is above average and the water velocity is quite below average.

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 c. FOOTPATH (also pedestrian way, walking trail, nature trail) is a thoroughfare intended for by pedestrians but not
by motorized vehicles. The term is often for paths within an urban area that offer shorter quieter routes for
pedestrians, they may also provide access to the surrounding countryside or parks. In some parts of the world
the term 'footpath' is also used for longer Trails in more remote places. Footpaths may be constructed to
facilitate the use of footpaths. Many surfaces are used using "masonry, brick, poured or modular unit concrete,
cut stone or wood boardwalk. Also crushed rock, decomposed granite, fine wood chips.