Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Week 3
Alteration in fluid electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances
1. Describe the process of maintaining normal acid base balance
b. Diffusion
c. Filtration
d. Hydrostatic pressure
e. Oncotic pressure
f. Osmotic pressure
is the amount of pressure required to stop the osmotic flow of water. Measuring osmolality is important
because it indicates the water balance of the body.
4. Review the etiology, laboratory diagnostic findings, clinical manifestations of the following disorders:
a. Water excess and deficit
b. Potassium imbalance
c. Albumin
2.
a. Calcium imbalance
5. Discuss the etiology, laboratory diagnostic findings, clinical manifestations and risk factors of the following
acid base imbalances:
a. Metabolic Acidosis
2.
a. Metabolic alkalosis
3.
a. Respiratory acidosis
4.
a. Respiratory alkalosis
5.
Lewis: Medical-Surgical Nursing, 9th Edition
Chapter 17
KEY POINTS
HOMEOSTASIS
• Body fluids and electrolytes play an important role in maintaining a stable internal environment of the
body.
• A number of adaptive responses keep the composition and volume of body fluids and electrolytes
within the narrow limits of normal to maintain homeostasis and promote health.
• Many diseases and their treatments have the ability to affect fluid and electrolyte balance and alter
homeostasis.
WATER CONTENT OF BODY
• Water is the primary component of the body, accounting for approximately 60% of the body weight in
the adult.
• The two major fluid compartments in the body are intracellular fluid (ICF), or inside the cells, and
extracellular fluid (ECF), or outside the cells. ECF is composed of interstitial fluid, plasma, and transcellular
fluids.
ELECTROLYTES
• Electrolyte composition varies between the ECF and ICF, though the overall concentration of the
electrolytes is approximately the same in the two compartments.
• The measurement of electrolytes is important in evaluating electrolyte balance, as well as in
determining the composition of electrolyte preparations.