Dryer Design

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II Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. - I-Semester L T P To C

4 0 - 4 4
HS 213 PROBABILITY & STATISTICS
Course Description & Objectives:

This course is to impart knowledge to the students concerned with the laws
governing random events. The collection, analysis, interpretation, and display
of numerical data and its applications in Food Science and Technology.
Course Outcomes:
S tudents who successfully complete this course should be able to
demonstrate understanding of:
1. Basic probability axioms and rules and the moments of discrete and
continuous random variables as well as be familiar with common named
discrete and continuous random variables.
2. How to derive the probability density function of transformations of
random variables and use these techniques to generate data from various
distributions.
3. How to calculate probabilities, and derive the marginal and conditional
distributions of bivariate random variables.
4. Discrete time Markov chains and methods of finding the equilibrium
probability distributions.
5. How to calculate probabilities of absorption and expected hitting times
for discrete time Markov chains with absorbing states.
UNIT I - Descriptive Statistics
Basic Definitions, Frequencies, Graphical Representation, Histogram, Ogive
curves, Measures of Central tendency, Arithmetic mean, Median, Mode, mean
deviation, standard deviation, Symmetry and Skewness, Karl Pearson’s
Coefficient of skewness.
UNIT II - Curve Fitting and Correlation, Regression

Least squares method, curve fitting (straight line and parabola only)
Covariance, Correlation, Types, Pearson’s Coefficient of correlation, Rank
correlation, Spearman’s rank correlation. Regression, Regression lines,
multiple regression.
Chemical Engineering 1
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UNIT III - Probability

Introduction, Definition (Classical and Axiomatic approach), Addition theorem,
Conditional probability, Multiplication theorem, Total probability, Bayes
theorem.
UNIT IV - Distributions
Random variables, Discrete and Continuous variables, Introduction to
Distributions.
Binomial distribution : Definition, Mean and Standard deviation, Recurrence
relation, Applications, Fitting of binomial distribution.
Poisson Distribution : Definition, Mean and Standard deviation, Recurrence
relation, Poisson Distribution is an approximation of Binomial distribution,
Applications, Fitting of Poisson distribution.
Geometric Distribution : Definition, Properties.
Normal Distribution : Definition, Normal curve, Mean and Standard deviation,
Median, Mode, Normal Distribution applications, Normal Distribution is an
approximation to Binomial distribution.
Exponential Distribution : Definition, Properties.
UNIT V - Sampling Methods

Population and Sampling, Parameters and Statistics, Types of sampling,
Sampling Distributions, Central limit theorem, Standard Error of mean from
infinite population, Standard deviation of variance.Test of hypothesis and test
of significance, confidence limits, confidence interval, Test of significance of
Large samples, T-distribution, Chi square test.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. H. K. Dass and Er. Rajnish Verma, Higher Engineering Mathematics, S.
Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2011.
2. Miller and Fruinds, Fundamentals of Probability and Statistics, PHI
publication.
2 Chemical Engineering
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REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. S.C. Gupta and V.K .Kapoor, “Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics”,
Sultan Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2005.
2. B.V. Ramana, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 3 rd Edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Co, 2008.
3. R K Jain, S R K Iyengar, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 2 nd
Edition, Narosa Publishing House.
4. Erwin Kreyszig, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 8 th Edition, John
Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd. 2001.

4 0 - 4 4
HS 223 PHYSICAL & ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Course Description and Objectives:

This is an introductory course covering basic concepts in general chemistry.
Identify types of chemical reactions. Understand the energetic and kinetics of
chemical reactions. Characterize the differences in the states of matter and
the unique properties associated with each.
Course Outcomes:
1. Chemical Engineering is mostly based on applications of concepts of
Physical and Analytical Chemistry.
2. This course will impart a sound understanding of concepts that are relevant
to chemical engineering.
UNIT I - Distribution Law

Nernst Distribution law, Distribution coefficient – explanation and limitations
of distribution law – modified distribution law – applications of distribution
law, critical solution temperature and its determination for phenol water
system. Colligative properties: Calculation of molecular weights by using
colligative properties.
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UNIT II - Catalysis
Types of catalysis, characteristics of catalytic reactions, Theories of catalysis,
Enzyme catalysis, characteristics of Enzyme catalysis. Adsorption: Types of
adsorption, adsorption Isotherm, Freundlich Adsorption isotherm, Langmuir
Adsorption isotherms, Adsorption of solutes from solutions, applications of
adsorption, Ion exchange adsorption, applications of ion exchange adsorption
UNIT III – Phase Rule

Phase Rule: Explanation of terms in phase rule, derivation of phase rule, one
component systems, eg: water, sulphur systems, two component system,
the silver lead system. Chemical Kinetics: Rate of reaction, order of reaction
(1st, 2nd, 3rd order of reaction), factors influencing rate of a reaction,
molecularity.
UNIT IV - Electro Analytical Methods

Voltametry: Principle of micro electrolysis, polarization, DME, Polarograph,
half wave potential, ilkovic equation.
UNIT V - Chromatography
Theory and types of chromatography.
Paper chromatography – Principle, Migration parameters, Types of paper
chromatography, Applications.
Thin layer chromatography – Principles, preparation of thin layers, Applications.
Gas Chromatography – Instrumentation, Detectors and Applications.
HPLC – Principles, Instrumentation, Pumps, Detectors, Applications.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. A. Bahl, B.S.Bahl and G.D. Tuli, “Essential of Physical Chemistry”, 1 st
ed., S. Chand, 2009.
2. Gurudeep Raj and Chatwal Sham Anand, “Instrumental Methods of
Chemical Analysis”, 1st ed., Himalaya Publications, 2007.
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REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. S. Glasstone and Lewis, “Physical Chemistry”, 2nd ed., Mac Million
Publications, 1998.
2. P.W.Atkins, “Physical Chemistry”, 8 th edition, Oxford up Publications,
2007.
3. D.A. Skoog and P.M. West, “Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry”,
8thed., Harcourt Publications, 2006.
4. H.W. Willard and Demerit, “Instrumental Methods of Analysis”, 1st ed.,
CBS Pulications, 1986.
5. B.R. Puri and L.R.Sharma, “Principles of Physical Chemistry”, 1st ed.,
Shobanlan Nagin Chand & Co., 2006.
6. R.A.Day and A.L.Underwood, “Quantitative Analysis”, 6 th ed., Prentice
Hall.Publications, 2009.

4 0 - 4 4
CH 215 MOMENTUM TRANSFER

To understand basic concept of fluid flow and its application to chemical
process industries including pipe flow, fluid machinery and agitation and
mixing. This course covers fluid statics, fluid dynamics, basic equations,
compressible and incompressible fluids, fluidization, transportation and
metering of fluids.
Course Outcomes:
1. Knowledge of basic principles of fluid mechanics
2. Ability to analyze fluid flow problems with the application of the
momentum and energy equations
Capability to analyze pipe flows as well as fluid machinery
UNIT I - Fluid Statics & Fluid Phenomena

Definitions & Principles: Unit operations, Unit systems, Dimensional analysis,
Basic concepts.
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Fluid Statics: Nature of fluids, Hydrostatic equilibrium, Manometers, Decanters.

Fluid Flow Phenomena: Laminar flow, Shear stress, Viscosity, Turbulence,
Eddy Viscosity, Flow in boundary layers.
UNIT II - Flow of Incompressible Fluids

Basic Equations of Fluid Flow: Mass balance, Mass velocity, Momentum
balance, Bernoulli equation, Mechanical energy balance equation, Correction
factors, Pump work.
Flow of Incompressible Fluids: Shear stress distribution in pipes, Relation
between skin friction parameters, Laminar flow in pipes, Hagen-poiseuille
equation, Friction factor chart, Friction factor in flow through channels of
noncircular cross section, Friction from changes in velocity or direction, Effect
of fittings and valves.
UNIT III - Flow of Compressible Fluids

Mach number, Basic equations, Stagnation temperature, Process of
compressible flow, Equations for isentropic flow, Adiabatic frictional flow,
Isothermal frictional flow.
UNIT IV - Flow Past Immersed Bodies

Drag, Drag Coefficient, Stagnation point, Friction in flow through beds of solids,
Motion of particles through fluids, Terminal velocity, Motion of spherical
particles.
Fluidization: Conditions for fluidization, Minimum fluidization velocity, Types
of fluidization, Applications of fluidization
UNIT V - Transportation and Metering of Fluids

Pipes, Fittings, Valves, Joints, Pumps, Developed head & Power requirement
in pumps, Suction lift and cavitation, Positive displacement pumps, Centrifugal
pumps, Fans, Blowers, Compressors. Measurement of Flowing Fluids:
Classification of measuring devices, Venturi meter, Orifice meter, Rotameter,
Insertion meters.
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TEXT BOOKS
1. W.L.McCabe, J.C.Smith & Peter Harriot, “Unit Operations of Chemical
Engineering”, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2001.
2. Chattopadhyay P, “Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering”, Vol -1,
Khanna Publishers, 2003.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Christie J Geankoplis, “Transport Processes and Unit Operations”,
3rd ed., PHI Pvt Ltd, 1993.
2. Foust, Alan S., “Principles of Unit Operations”, 2nd ed., John Wiley and
Sons, 1980.
3. J.M. Coulson, J.F. Richardson, “Chemical Engineering”, Vol-I,
Oxford,Pergamon Press, 1968.

4 0 - 4 4
CH 217 CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATIONS

The course continues to develop concepts and provides a more extensive
treatment of energy balances. Students develop a fundamental understanding
of the basic principles of chemical engineering processes and calculations.
(memory, comprehension). Students can examine and select pertinent data,
and solve material and energy balance problems. (application, analysis,
synthesis).
Course Outcomes:
1. The student does material & energy balances, either over a single
processing unit or and / or over the entire plant.
2. The input, output data (material or energy) calculated through this
subject can be used to further problem for individual design or
collective appraisal.
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3. A material – energy audit is hinted at several stages in this subject,

which is later used to design the equipment – like dryers, absorbers,
distillation columns, crystallization etc.
UNIT I - Stoichiometric Relations

Basis of calculations, Methods of expressing composition of mixtures and
solutions, Mole fraction and mole percent density and specific gravity, Baume
and ‘API’ gravity scales.
Behaviour of ideal gases: Kinetic theory of gases, application of ideal gas
law, gaseous mixtures gases in chemical reactions. Gas densities and specific
gravities.
UNIT II - Vapour Pressure

Liquefaction and liquid state, vaporization, boiling point, effect of temp on
vapor pressure, Antonie equation, vapor pressure plots, vapor pressure of
immiscible liquids and ideal solutions, Raoult’s law, non volatile solutes.
UNIT III - Material Balances

Tie substance, yield and conversion, processes involving chemical reactions
material balance calculation involving drying, dissolution and crystallization,
Process involving recycles bypass and purge.
UNIT IV - Thermo Physics

Energy, Energy balances, heat capacity of gases, liquid and mixture solutions,
Kopp’s rule, latent heats, heat of fusion and heat of vaporization, trouton’s
rule, kistyakowski equation for non polar liquids, enthalpy and its evaluations.
UNIT V - Thermo Chemistry

Calculation and applications of heat of reaction, combustion, formation and
neutralization, Kirchoff’s equation, enthalpy concentration change, Calculation
of theoretical and actual flame temperatures.
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TEXT BOOKS
1. Hougen O.A Watson K.M and Ragatz .R.A, “Chemical Process
Principles” Part – I: Material and Energy Balance ,John Wiley sons,
2nd ed., CBS Publishers & Distributors, 1965.
2. V. Venkataramani & N.Anantharaman,”Process Calculations”, 1st ed.,
PHI Publications, 2003.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. B.I.Bhatt and S.M.Vora, “Stoichiometry”, 4th ed., Tata McGraw Hill, New
Delhi 2004.
2. D.H.Himmelblau, “Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical
Engineers”, 5th ed., Prentice Hall, 1989.

4 0 - 4 4
HS 221 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Course Outcome:
The designing and preparation of most organic compounds and
pharmaceuticals is based on the reaction mechanism involved in the reaction.
This course is aimed at making the student familiar with reaction mechanism
and stereo chemical aspects.
UNIT I - Reaction Intermediates

a) Reaction Intermediates: Bond fissions, carbanions, carbonium ions,
Free radicals, Nucleophiles and electrophiles.
b) Polar Effects: Inductive effect, Resonance, Hyper conjugation,
Electromeric effect.
UNIT II - Types of Organic Reactions

a) Types of Organic Reactions: Electrophilic reactions: Friedal - Craft’s
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reactions, Reimer - Tiemann reaction, Beckmann rearrangement.

Nucleophilic reactions: Aldol condensation, Perkin reaction, Benzoin
condensation.
b) Free Radical Reactions: Halogenation of alkane, Addition of HBr to
alkene in presence of peroxide.
c) Allylic Halogenation: NBS and thermal halogenation.
UNIT – III
a) Characteristic properties of Alcohols, Phenols, Carboxylic acids,
Aldehydes, Ketones, Amines.
b) Organic Named Reactions: Wolf – Kishner reduction, Hoffmann
rearrangement, Sandmaeyer reaction, Diels – Alder reaction.
UNIT IV - Stereo Chemistry

a) Stereo Chemistry: Stereo isomerism, Optical isomerism, Symmetry,
Chirality, Lactic acid, Tartaric acid, Enantiomers, Diastereomers, R
and S nomenclature, Racemic mixture and resolution methods.
b) Geometrical Isomerism, E and Z nomenclature
c) Conformational isomerism in cyclohexane.
UNIT V - Heterocyclic compounds

Heterocyclic compounds, nomenclature, preparation properties and uses of
1) Furan 2) Thiophene 3) Pyrrole 4) Pyridine
5) Quinoline 6) ISO – quinoline
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Arun Bahl and B.S. Bahl, “Text Book to Organic Chemistry”, 8th ed.,
S.Chand, 2009.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. I.L.Finar, “Organic Chemistry”, Vol – I, 6 th edition, Longman Scientific
Publications, 2006.
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2. Somendra Nadh Sanyal, “Named Reactions, Rearrangements and

Reagents”, Bharathi Bhavan Publications, 2003.
3. O.P.Agarwal, “Reactions and Reagents”, 46 th edition, Goel
Publications, 2005.
4. R.T.Morrison and R.M.Boyd, “Organic Chemistry”, 6 th edition, Pearson
Publications, 2008

- - 3 3 2
HS 205 PHYSICAL & ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LAB

The course continues to develop Basic laboratory techniques, methods of
separation, types of chemical reactions, solution preparation, titrations, and
household chemicals Student able to Observe laboratory techniques and
understand their usefulness in providing data for problem solving. Record
measurements from scientific instruments with correct precision. Perform
calculations and solve problems using data collected from laboratory
measurements.
Course Outcomes:
This lab will provide a firsthand knowledge of various analytical techniques of
Chemistry by laying special emphasis on real time spectrometers.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LAB

1. Determination of rate constant for 1st order reaction i.e., hydrolysis of
methyl acetate.
2. Determination of partition coefficient of iodine in between water and CCl4.
3. Determination of partition coefficient of benzoic acid between water and
benzene.
4. Determination of surface tension by stalagmometer.
5. Adsorption of solution on activated charcoal.
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6. Determination of critical solution temperature for phenol water system.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LAB

1. Chromatography – Paper Chromatography / TLC.
2. Conductiometric Titration – Mixture of acids.
3. Potentiomtric Titration – Estimation of iron (II).
4. PH Metric Titration – Strength of acid.
5. Clorimetry – Simultaeneous determination of 2 components (Cr +6 & Mn+7).
6. lon exchange Method – Determination of concentration of a salt.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis J.Maedham,
R.C.Denney, J.D.Barnes, M.Thomas & B.Siva Sankar, “Pearson
Publications” – Volume – 1, 6 th edition, 2009.
st
2. B.Viswanathan, P.S.Raghavan, “Practical Physical Chemistry”, 1 edition,
Viva Books Pvt., 2005.

- - 3 3 2
CH 205 MOMENTUM TRANSFER LAB

To understand various flows, application of basic equations, transportation
and metering of fluids.This course covers identification of flows, measurement
of fluids, pressure drop calculations, performance of fluid flow machinery.
Course Outcomes:
1. Identify, name, and characterize flow patterns and regimes.
2. Utilize basic measurement techniques of fluid mechanics.
3. Measure fluid pressure and relate it to flow velocity.
4. Demonstrate practical understanding of friction losses in flows.
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List of Experiments
1. Identification of Laminar and Turbulent Flows (Reynolds Apparatus).
2. Verification of Bernoulli’s Equation
3 Measurement of flowing fluid using Venturi Meter
4. Measurement of flowing fluid using Orifice Meter
5. Measurement of flowing fluid using Pitot Tube
6. Measurement of flowing fluid using Rotameter
7. Determination of Friction loss in fluid flow through pipes
8. Determination of Pressure drop in packed bed
9. Determination of Pressure drop in fluidized bed
10. Characteristics of single stage centrifugal pump
11. Characteristics of multistage centrifugal pump
12. Characteristics of Reciprocating pump
13. Coefficient of discharge in V – notch

- - 3 3 2
HS 217 SOFT SKILLS LAB

The Soft Skills Laboratory course is aimed at training undergraduate students
and enabling them to acquire employability skills. Designed to impart work
related skills, the course will help trainees develop interpersonal
communication, leadership and team skills. It will give them the required
competence and confidence to handle professional tasks.
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Training Methodology:
The training methodology is designed to bring about changes in attitudes
through experience-based learning. Activities in simulated environments
such as role plays, group discussions, micro-presentations, audio-video
clippings, case studies, psychometric tests etc., will provide students insights
into their strengths and weaknesses.
Learning Outcomes:
1. To help students to develop formal communication skills in a work place
2. To make them acquire team skill by working in group activities
3. To equip them with suitable language and speech patterns in a workplace
4. To enhance the ability of critical & lateral thinking while addressing the
issues at any situation
5. To enable them to present themselves confidently in job interviews
UNIT I - Personality Development Skills

a) Role of language in Personality – How language reflects, impacts
personality – Using gender-neutral language in MNCs – being culturally
sensitive.
Activity – Appraising each other – Worksheets related to the above
b) Career Planning- job vs. career- goal setting- SWOT analysis- planning
and prioritization - four quadrant time management system - time management
– self-management – stress-management.
Activity: Setting a SMART goal - SWOT analysis of the self – Writing a Statement
of Purpose (SOP).
c) Effective Resume-Writing: structure and presentation - planning and
defining the career objective - projecting one’s strengths and skill-sets –
summarizing - formats and styles - covering letter.
Activity: Resume preparation –writing a covering letter.
UNIT II - Language Skills

a) Functional English - Formal/informal context – purpose - interpersonal
dynamics - ideation –content organization - initiating a conversation –
responding appropriately - right body language.
Activity - Role play in different situations, - self-introduction - social background
(family, home town etc.,) - role model - my future - likes/dislikes (movies,
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persons, places, food, music etc.,) - a mini project on functional English.

b) Vocabulary-Building - Etymology of words - word roots - prefixes & suffixes
- synonyms & antonyms- collocations - one-word substitutes – analogies -
idioms and phrases - contextual guessing of unfamiliar words – task-oriented
learning (100 words).
Activity: Flash cards (200 words) – vocabulary exercises with hand-outs.
UNIT III - Communication Skills

a) Group Discussion: Articulation and flow of oral presentation - dynamics of
group discussion – intervention – summarizing - voice modulation – content
generation – Key Word Approach (KWA) – Social, Political, Economic, Legal
and Technical Approach (SPELT) – View Point of Affected Part (VAP) - language
relevance - fluency and coherence.
Activity: Mock sessions on four types of GD topics.
b) Facing Interviews: Interview process - understanding employer
expectations - pre-interview planning - opening strategies - answering
strategies – stress-based interviews - tele-interviews, video interviews-
frequently asked questions (FAQs).
Activity: Writing responses to FAQs - mock interviews.
UNIT IV - Comprehensive Skills

a) Reading Comprehension: Reading as a skill- techniques for speed reading-
skimming- scanning- appreciating stylistics - impediments for speed reading
- eye fixation - sub-vocalisation - critical reading - reading based on purpose
- reading for information - reading for inference -understanding tone.
Activity: Reading comprehension exercises with texts drawn from subject
areas. (Hand-outs)
b) Listening Comprehension: Listening as skill - different types of listening -
hidden data of communication - active listening - top-down approach - bottom-
up approach.
Activity: Following different accents (Indian, British, American) listening
comprehension exercises with audio and video excerpts.
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UNIT V - Analytical Skills

a) Data Commentary: Deductive & inductive reasoning - data interpretation -
tables & charts - bar charts - pie charts - line graphs - ratios & proportions –
percentages - coding and decoding - reasoning by analogy - artificial language
etc.,
b) Analytical Thinking: Statement and Conclusion - Data Sufficiency -
Statement and Argument - Statement and Assumption - Logical Deduction -
Logical Problems.
Activity: Exercises with handouts.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Edward Holffman, Ace the Corporate Personality, McGraw Hill,2001
2. Adrian Furnham, Personality and Intelligence at Work, Psychology
Press, 2008.
3. John Adair Kegan Page, “Leadership for Innovation” 1st edition, Kogan,
2007.
4. M.Ashraf Rizvi, “Effective Technical Communication”, 1st edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2005.
5. Krishna Mohan & NP Singh , “Speaking English Effectively” 1st edition,
Macmillan, 2008.
6. Soft Skills Material of Infosys Under the Academic Initiative of Campus
Connect
7. K.R. Lakshminarayana & T. Murugavel, “Managing Soft Skills”, Scitech
Publications. 2009
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II Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. - II-Semester L T P To C

4 0 - 4 4
CH216 PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION

This course covers the fundamentals of instrumentation used in industry.
Emphasis is on electric, electronic, and other instruments.

The course will give an idea about different instruments that are used to
calculate flow rate, Temperature etc, used in all types of chemical process
industries
Course Outcomes:
1. Explain, discuss and describe the principles and theories related to
basic process control instrumentation.
2. Read and analyze instrumentation diagrams.
3. Design a simple instrumentation system
UNIT I - Qualities of Measurement

Elements of Instruments, Static and dynamic characteristics, Response of
first order instruments, Bimetallic thermometer, pressure spring thermometer,
Industrial thermo couples, Thermo Couple wires, Thermo Wells.
UNIT II - Resistance Thermometers

Thermal coefficients of resistance, Industrial resistance thermometer bulbs
and circuits, Radiation, Photoelectric and Optical Pyrometers, Spectroscopic
analysis, Colour measurement spectrometers.
UNIT III - Measurement of Pressure And Vacuum

Liquid column manometers, Gauge pressure and vacuum measurement,
Indicating elements for pressure gauges, measurement of absolute pressure,
Corrosive liquids, static accuracy and response of pressure gauge.
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UNIT IV - Measurement of Head and Level

Head, density and specific gravity measurement, direct measurement of liquid
level, Pressure measurement in open vessels measurement of interface
level, Density measurement.
UNIT V - Flow Metering

Head flow and area flow meters, Open channel meters, Viscosity
measurements, quantity meters, Flow of dry materials. Recording, Indicating
and signaling Instruments.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Donald P Eckman, “Industrial Instrumentation”, 1 st ed., Wiley eastern,
1950.
2. Patranabis, “Principles of Industrial Instrumentation”, 1 st ed., Tata
McGraw Hill, 1976.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. D.M.Considine, “Hand Book of Instrumentation”, 2 nd ed., Mc Graw
Hill, 1957.
2. Norman Anderson, “Instrumentation for Process Measurement and
Control”, 3rd ed., CRC Press, 1997.

4 0 - 4 4
CS218 DATA STRUCTURES

The main objective of this course is to provide an introduction to basic
data structures and manipulating them, by using C programming
language.
The fundamental design and implementation of basic data structures. The

evaluation of the data structure needs of particular problems & The design
and implementation of C programs by using basic data structures.
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Course Outcomes:
Having successfully completed this course, the student will be able to:
(1) Apply advance C programming techniques such as pointers, dynamic
memory allocation, structures to developing solutions for particular
problems;
(2) Design and implement abstract data types such as linked list, stack,
queue and tree by using C as the programming language using static
or dynamic implementations;
(3) Evaluate and choose appropriate abstract data types to solve particu-
lar problems;
(4) Design and implement C programs that apply abstract data types.
UNIT I - Data Types

Introduction – Data, Data type, Data Structures – Primitive and Non-primitive,
Storage structures – Sequential and linked storage representations, File
structures, Abstract Data Type (ADT). Overview of Structures-arrays, operations
on arrays(retrieval of an element, search an element, insertion deletion of an
element), manipulations on arrays such as finding the sum of elements of
an array, adding two arrays, and reversing an array. Maximum sub sequence
problem, Multi dimensional arrays.
UNIT II - Linked Lists
Linked Lists : Types of Linked Lists Singly Linked List, Doubly Linked List,
Circular Linked List. Operations on linked lists-insertion, deletion, traversing
forward/reverse order. Multi lists, Applications of Linked Lists.
UNIT III - Stacks

Stacks – ADT, array and linked representations, Implementation and their
applications. Queues – ADT, array and linked representations,
Implementation of linear, circular and doubly-ended queues, and their
applications.
UNIT IV - Types of Trees

Preliminaries – Binary Tree – ADT, array and linked representations, Binary
tree properties, tree traversal, Implementation, Expression trees. The Search
Tree ADT – Binary Search Trees, Implementation. AVL Trees – Single
Rotations, Double rotations.
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UNIT V - Graphs
Graphs – ADT, definitions and properties, modeling problems as graphs,
representation – adjacency matrix and adjacency list, basic graph traversals
– breath first search and depth first search. Applications of graphs.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Richard F.Gilberg, Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data Structures - A Pseudo
code Approach with C, Second Edition, Cengage Learning.
2. Y. Langsam, M.J.Augeustein and A.M.Tenenbaum, “Data Structures
Using C”, Pearson Education Asia.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Mark Allen Weiss, “Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C”,
Second Edition, Pearson Education.
2. Sartaj Sahni, Data Structures, Algorithms and Applications in C++ ,
Universities Press, Second Edition, 2005
3. Jean Paul Tremblay and Paul G. Sorenson, An Introduction to Data
Structures with Applications,Tata Mc-Graw Hill, Second Edition, 26th
Reprint 2004
4. KRUSE, Data Structures and Programming Design-PHI

4 0 - 4 4
CH218 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS - I

This course covers first, second and third law of thermodynamics, volumetric
properties, refrigeration and liquefaction processes.
To understand the theory and applications of classical thermodynamics,
thermodynamic properties, equations of state, methods used to describe
and predict phase equilibria.
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Course Outcomes:
1. Ability to apply fundamental concepts of thermodynamics to engineering
applications.
2. Ability to estimate thermodynamic properties of substances in gas and
liquid states.
3. Capability to determine thermodynamic efficiency of various energy
related processes.
UNIT I - Basic Concepts

The scope of thermodynamics, dimensions and units, Measures of amount
or size, force, temperature, pressure, work, energy, heat, zeroth law.
UNIT II - First Law of Thermodynamics

Joule’s experiment, internal energy, statement of first law, energy balance for
closed system, thermodynamic state and state functions, equilibrium, phase
rule, reversible processes, constant-v and constant-p processes, enthalpy,
heat capacity, mass and energy balances for open systems.
UNIT III - Volumetric Properties of Pure Fluids

PVT behaviour of pure substances, virial equations of state, Ideal gas,
applications of the virial equations, Cubic equations of state, generalized
correlations for gases.
UNIT IV - The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Statements of the second law, heat engines, thermodynamic temperature
scales, entropy, entropy changes of an ideal gas, Mathematical statement of
the Second law, Third law of thermodynamics (Statement).
UNIT V - Refrigeration and Liquefaction

The carnot refrigerator, the vapor compression cycle, the choice of refrigerant,
Absorption refrigeration, liquefaction processes.
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TEXT BOOKS :
1. J.M.Smith, H.C,Vanness, M.M.Abbot, “Introduction to Chemical
Engineering Thermodynamics”, 6th ed., Tata McGraw Hill – 2003.
2. Y.V.C.Rao, “Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics”, 1 st ed.,
University Publication, 1997.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Dodge B.F. “Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics”. 1 st ed., Mc Graw
Hill, 1960.
2. Kyle B.G. “Chemical and Process Thermodynamics”, 1st ed., PHI,1990.

4 0 - 4 4
CH220 MECHANICAL UNIT OPERATIONS

This course introduces the student to the principles and practices involved in
contacting, conveying, separating and storing of solids, as well as Unit
operations such as filtration, sedimentation, centrifugation, and separation
techniques such as gravity settling, Centrifugal settling, Sink and Float method,
flotation, are also studied.
Course Outcomes:
The student will be able to
1. Understand and apply the basic methods of characterization of
particles and bulk solids.
2. How to crush and grind a solid material and separate ground material
in to various sizes.
3. Explain application of unit operations and can describe their
operational principles.
4. Describe the operation of filtration processes and types of filters
used to perform solid-liquid separations.
UNIT I - Properties of Solids
Properties, handling and mixing of particulate solids, Properties of particulate
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masses, Storage and mixing of solids, Mixers for cohesive and non-cohesive
solids.
UNIT II - Conveyors
Transportation of solid particulate mass. Belt, screw, apron conveyers, bucket
elevators, Pneumatic conveying.
UNIT III - Principle of Comminution

Size reduction, Principle of comminution, milling operations, Crushers,
Grinders, Ultrafine Grinders, Cutting machines. Screening, Industrial screens.
UNIT IV - Filtration
Filtration, Cake filters, Centrifugal filters, Principles of cake filtration, Clarifying
filters, Liquid clarification, cross flow filtration, Types of membranes, Permeate
flux, concentration polarization, Micro filtration..
UNIT V - Separation Techniques
Separations based on motion of particles through fluids, gravity settling,
Centrifugal settling, Sink and Float method, flotation, flotation agents. Agitation
and mixing of liquids, blending of liquids, crystallization, nucleation, crystal
growth.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. W.L.Mc Cabe, J.C.Smith & P.Harriott, “Unit Operations of Chemical
Engineering”, 5th ed.,McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1993.
2. Foust et.al, “Principles of Unit Operations” 2nd ed.,wiley, New York,
1980.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. W.L.Badger and J.T.Banchero, “Introduction to Chemical Engineering”,
1st ed., TMH, 1997.
2. Perry J.H , “Chemical Engineer’s Hand book”, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill
New York, 1984.
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4 0 - 4 4
CH222 CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

This course lends an appreciation of the business decisions made by the
chemical industry that funds research and development.
The course is essential to understanding of the different Industrial Processes
employed in the manufacture of various types of “Chemicals”.
Course Outcomes:
1. Ability to understand the manufacturing of various inorganic and
organic chemicals.
2. Ability to understand the process flow diagram and various process
parameters.
3. Ability to identify and solve engineering problems during production.
UNIT I - Chlor - Alkali Industries
Manufacture of soda ash, Caustic soda, Chlorine. Manufacture of special

glass, manufacture of carbon dioxide, Hydrogen, oxygen, Water gas, Producer
gas, Manufacture of ammonia, Urea, and complex fertilizers.
UNIT II - Sulfuric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid and Inorganic Chemicals

Manufacture of sulphuric acid, Hydrochloric acid and other chemicals,
Manufacture of Aluminum sulphate and alum, barium salts and rate earth
compounds.
UNIT III - Cement and Rubber Industries

Manufacture of cement, Portland cement, Miscellaneous calcium compounds,
Magnesium compounds, Phenols formal dehyde, Vinyl chloride and acetate,
Manufacture of PVC & SBR.
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UNIT IV - Soaps and Detergents

Production and extraction of vegetable oils, Hydrogenation of oils, refining of
oils, continuous process of production of fatty acids, glycerin and soap,
Production of detergents.
UNIT V - Pulp and Paper Industries

Methods of pulping, Production of sulphate and sulphite pulp, Production of
paper – wet process, ceramics.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. M.Gopal Rao and M. Sittig “Dryden’s outlines of chemical technology”,
2nd ed., East west press, 1973.
2. Shreve’s “Chemical Process Industries”, 5 th ed., Mc Graw Hill, 1984.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Industrial Chemistry by B.K. Sharma.
2. Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd., 1 st ed.,1985

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CH224 MECANICAL UNIT OPERATIONS LAB

The objective of the laboratory is to enable the student to handle various unit
operations and to understand separation, size reduction techniques and
average particle size calculation of the given material.
Course Outcomes:
1. Design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret
data
2. Formulate hypotheses, design experiments
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3. Investigate the procedures to conduct experiments.

4. Analyze and interpret data obtained from unit operation experiments
List of Experiments
1. Screen Analysis
2. Screen Effectiveness
3. Jaw Crusher
4. Ball Mill
5. Roll Crusher
6. Sedimentation
7. Press and Frame Filter
8. Froth Flotation
9. ICI Sedimentation
10. Cyclone Separator
11. Vibrating Screens
12. Centrifugal Filter
13. Sieve Shaker
14. Leaf Filter

- - 3 3 2
CH226 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS LAB

This course covers practical knowledge on identification of different organic
compounds, analysis and detection of extra elements in functional groups.
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To check purity of chemical compounds, identification of unknown substance

and preparation of chemicals.
Course Outcomes:
1. Predict the outcome of several common organic reaction types
through a basic understanding of starting materials, functional
groups, mechanism, and typical reaction conditions.
I. Criteria of purity of solid and liquid compounds

a. Determination of Melting point
b. Determination of Boiling point
II. Detection of extra elements in organic compounds
c. Nitrogen
d. Sulphur
e. Halogens
III. Identification of an unknown substance from the following organic
compounds
f. Acids
g. Alcohols
h. Aldehydes
i. Amides
j. Amines
k. Carbohydrates
l. Esters
m. Ketones
n. Nitro Group
o. Phenols
IV. Preparations
a. Asprin
b. M-dinitro benzene
REFERENCE BOOK :
1. A.I Vogel Pearson, “Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry”,
Publications, 2000.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY

- - 3 3 2
HS304 PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION LAB

The Professional Communication exposes students to conventions of
corporate communication and documentation procedures involved in the
day-to-day functioning of the business world. The course is aimed at improving
written communication skills of undergraduate students and preparing them
to meet professional challenges in the work spheres. Writing and Personality
are not two exclusive spheres of influence and this course will work on the
relationship between professional writing and a personality that is able to
meet the goals of an organization in creative and innovative ways.
Course Outcomes:
1. To enable students to write logical sentences and paragraphs, use
appropriate diction, grammar and punctuation.
2. To expose them to the world of business and business register
3. To make them compose clear and concise business messages
4. To produce business documents for mailing to external recipients or
intra-organizational circulation
5. To enable them to speak business English for handling various
business situations
UNIT I - Writing
- Elements of Technical Writing : Sentence structure - reducing verbosity -
arranging ideas logically – building coherence - paragraph level and
document level - topic sentence - cohesive devices – transitionals –
paraphrasing – précis-writing.
- Mechanics of Writing: Stylistic elements – the rapporteur- the purpose-
the reader (audience) - elementary rules of grammar- choice of diction -
elementary principles of composition - matters of form – punctuation -
conventions of business communication - language and tone - weak
links in business correspondence - ethical concerns in business writing.
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UNIT II - Reports
- Parts of the Report: Writing an abstract - features of a good abstract –
approach - compare and contrast - cause and effect.
- Types of Technical Reports : Drafting a technical proposal - formal and
informal proposals - factual reports, feasibility reports, survey reports –
parts of a report - title page –declaration – acknowledgements – table of
contents - abstract – introduction – conclusion – citations – references -
appendices - oral reports and presentations
UNIT III - Letter Writing
- Letter-Writing - Formal and informal letters - structure of formal letters -
expressions of salutations, introductory and concluding paragraphs -
different types of letters - sales letter - complaint letter - adjustment letter
- letter to the editor - covering letter - claim letter – letter of condolence.
UNIT IV - Correspondence
- Business Correspondence : E-mail – nature and scope - e-mail etiquette
- Common Errors in composing e-mails – Quotations - Inviting quotations
- sending quotations – placing orders - Office Communication - agenda -
notice - circular
- Effective Resume-Writing: Structure and presentation - defining career
objective - projecting one’s strengths and skill-sets
- Summarizing - formats and styles - covering letter.
UNIT V - Drafting
- Business Proposals: Drafting business proposals - calculating profit
and loss-averages - ratios and proportions – partnership - simple interest
- compound interest - calculating volumes and areas
· course of action - cause and effect- theme detection - making judgments
- logical deductions - analyzing arguments – syllogisms - Venn diagrams
- matching definitions -verbal reasoning - numerical reasoning - working
out justifications.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Strunk , William, Jr.The Elements of Style, Fourth Edition
2. Rozakis, Laurie, Ph.D, (2003). English Grammar for the Utterly
Confused, McGraw-Hill.
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III Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. - I -Semester L T P To C

4 0 - 4 4
CH 301 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER

Study about heat transfer mechanisms conduction, convection, radiation and
various equipments used in chemical industries
To understand the fundamentals of heat transfer mechanisms and their
applications in various heat transfer equipment in process industries.
Course Outcomes:
1. Understand and use empirical equations to solve forced and natural
convection heat-transfer problems;
2. Analyze the heat transfer processes involved in boiling and
condensation;
3. Perform basic calculations of common heat exchangers to determine
relevant design parameters.
UNIT I – Heat Transfer and its Applications

Heat Transfer and Its Applications: Nature of heat flow, Conduction, Convection,
Radiation, Heat Transfer by Conduction: Fourier’s law of conduction, Thermal
conductivity, Steady state conduction, Compound resistances in series, Heat
flow through cylinder, Unsteady state conduction, Semi-infinite solid.
Principles of heat flow in fluids: Heat exchange equipment, Counter current &
parallel current flows, Energy balances, Rate of heat transfer, LMTD, Individual
heat transfer coefficients, Over all heat transfer coefficient, Fouling factors,
Effective coefficients for unsteady state heat transfer.
UNIT II - Heat Transfer to Fluids Without Phase Change

Regimes of heat transfer, Thermal boundary layer, Heat transfer by forced
convection in laminar flow, Heat transfer by forced convection in turbulent
flow, Analogy between transfer of momentum and heat, Reynolds analogy,
Colburn analogy, Heat transfer in transition region, Transfer to liquid metals,
Interpretation of dimensionless groups. Natural Convection: Dimensional
analysis, Natural convection to vertical shapes and horizontal planes.
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UNIT III - Heat Transfer to Fluids With Phase Change

Drop wise and film type condensation, Coefficients for film type condensation,
Practical use of nusselt equations, Condensation of super heated vapors,
Effect of non condensable gases on rate of condensation, Heat transfer to
boiling liquids, Pool boiling of saturated liquid, Maximum Flux and critical
temperature drop, Minimum flux and film boiling.
UNIT IV - Radiation Heat Transfer

Fundamental facts concerning radiation, Emission of radiation, Black body
radiation, Laws of black body radiation, Absorption of radiation by opaque
solids, Radiation between surfaces, Non black surfaces, Radiation to
semitransparent materials, Combined heat transfer by conduction-convection
and radiation.
UNIT V - Heat Exchange Equipment

General design of heat exchange equipment, Heat exchangers, Condensers,
Boilers, Calandrias, Extended surface equipment.
Evaporation: Liquid characteristics, Types of evaporators, Performance of
tubular evaporators, Enthalpy balances for single effect evaporator, Multiple
effect evaporators.
TEXT BOOKS
1. W.L.McCabe, J.C.Smith & P.Harriott,”Unit Operations of Chemical
Engineering”, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, Inc., 2001.
2. D.Q.Kern, “Process Heat Transfer”, 1 st ed., Tata McGraw Hill, 2002.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. J.P.Holman, “Heat Transfer”, 8 th ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 1997.
2. Y.V.C.Rao, “Heat Transfer”, 1 st ed., University Press, 2001.
3. Donald Pitts, Leighton E, Sissom, “Schaum’s Outline of Heat Transfer”,
2nd ed., McGraw Hill publications, 1998.
4. J.M. Coulson. J.F.Richardson, “Chemical Engineering”, Vol-1, Oxford,
Pergamon Press, 1968.
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III Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. - I -Semester L T P To C

4 0 - 4 4
CH 303 MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS-I

The course deals about various mass transfer operations like Absorption,
Stripping, Humidification, etc.
It includes the design of various equipments like Absorber, Humidifier, etc.
Course Outcomes:
The student will be able to recognize the various modes of mass transfer like
Determination of mass transfer rates using
1. Fick’s Law
2. Estimation of diffusion coefficients
3. Solving of unsteady state diffusion problems
UNIT I - Diffusion and Mass Transfer

Mass transfer operations, molecular diffusion in fluids, Binary solutions, Fick’s
Law, equation of continuity, Steady state equimolar counter current diffusion;
Stefan’s diffusion estimation of diffusivity n gases and liquids, application of
molecular diffusion, theories of mass ransfer, diffusion in fluids, Reynolds
analogy, heat and mass transfer coefficients in laminar and turbulent flow,
diffusion through solids.
UNIT II - Interphase Mass Transfer

Concept of equilibrium, diffusion between phases, material balances in steady
state, co – current and counter current stage processes, Sparged vessels
mechanically agitated vessels for liquid gas (single phase), Venturi scrubbers,
Sieve tray design for absorption tray tower vs. packed tower, Stage efficiencies
and point efficiencies.
UNIT III - Absorption and Stripping

Introduction, Counter and co – current isothermal absorption and stripping of
single component, operating lines, minimum flow rate, Determination of
number of transfer units and height of continuous absorber, determination of
no. of plates, absorption factor, Kremser - Brown equations.
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UNIT IV - Humidification
Introduction, Vapor – pressure curve, definitions, psychometric charts, Enthalpy
of vapor – gas mixtures, humidification and de humidification, operating lines
and design of packed humidifiers, cooling towers, spray chambers.
UNIT V - Drying
Introduction, Definitions of various moisture contents, drying conditions, Rate
of Batch drying under constant drying conditions, mechanism of batch drying,
Drying time, through circulation drying, batch and continuous drying,
equipment design of continuous counter current dryer.
TEXT BOOKS
1. R.E.Treybal “Mass Transfer Operations” 3rd ed., Mc-Graw Hill, 1981.
2. Binay. K.Dutta, “Principles of Mass Transfer and Separation
Processes”,Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. C. Judson King, “Separation Processes”, 2nd ed., McGraw Hill, 1982.
2. Seader. J. D, E. J. Henley & D.Keith Roper, “Separation
ProcessesPrinciples”, John Wiley & sons, New York, 2010.
3. Alapati Suryanarayana “Mass Transfer Operations”, 1st ed., New - Age,
International, 2006.
III Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. I - Semester

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
CH305 CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING - I

Chemical Reaction Engineering is the heart of a Chemical Process Industry,
especially the kinetics i.e. the rate at which chemical reactions occur. This
subject enables the students to learn about the different types of reactions
underlying a chemical process and thereby design chemical reactors.
Course Outcomes:
1. On having completed the course, the student will be in a position to
design reactor, with some additional inputs.
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2. The homogeneous reactions & hence the reactors are fairly easy to
design. But, with increasing complexity like in multiple rxns &
heterogeneous rxno.
3. The student has to exercise some caution in designing the reactors.
4. The reactor history coupled with personal experience and sound
judgment are necessary.
UNIT I - Reaction Kinetics

Rate equation, Elementary, Non Elementary Reactions and their mechanisms,
Theories of reaction rate and temperature dependency, Searching for
mechanism.
UNIT II - Interpretation of Batch Reactor Data

Constant volume batch reactor, varying volume batch reactor, analysis of
batch reactor, temperature and reaction rate the search for a rate equation.
UNIT III - Ideal Reactors

Ideal batch reactors, steady state mixed flow reactors, steady state plug flow
reactors. Size comparison of single reactors, Case studies & problems.
UNIT IV - Multiple Reactions

Parallel reactions, Series reactions, Series – parallel reactions, Maximizing
the productivity of desired reactant. An alternative approach to using fractional
conversion; Net reaction rates and stoichiometry.
UNIT V - Temperature and Pressure Effects

Single reactions, Heat of reactions from thermodynamics, Heat of reaction
and temperature, equilibrium constant from thermodynamics, Conversion,
Graphical Design procedure.
TEXT BOOK
1. Octave Levenspiel, “Chemical Reaction Engineering”, 3rd ed., WEE, 1999.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. H.S.Fogler, “Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering”, 3 rd ed., PHS,
1992.
2. J.M.Smith, “Chemical Engineering Kinetics”, 3 rd ed., MGH, 1981.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
CH325 PROCESS DYNAMICS & CONTROL

Study of dynamic behavior of chemical processes and techniques of
conventional process control, Mathematical modeling and analysis of open
loop and closed loop process, frequency domain analysis and stability
Provide a conceptual and methodological framework for describing a process
and its control system.
Course Outcomes:
. 1. Develop mathematical models of chemical processes by writing unsteady-
state mass and energy balances.
2. Ability to design controllers.
UNIT I - First Order System

Introduction to process dynamics and control, Response of first order
systems, Physical examples of first order systems, Response of first order
systems in series, Higher order systems, Second order systems and
transportation lag.
UNIT II - Control System

Controllers and final control elements, Block diagram of a chemical reactor,
Control Systems, Closed loop transfer functions, Transient response of
simple control systems.
UNIT III - Stability Criteria

Stability, Routh array Root locus, Application of Root locus to control systems.
UNIT IV - Frequency Response Analysis

Introduction to frequency response, control systems design by frequency
response, Bode diagrams.
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UNIT V - Advanced Control Strategies

Advanced control strategies, Cascade control, Feed Forward control ratio
control, Smith predictor, Dead time compensation, Internal mode control.
Controller tuning, Process Identification, Different types of control valves like
linear, on – off etc.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Donald R Coughanowr, “Process System Analysis and Control”
2nd ed., Mc Graw Hill, 1993.
2. G.Stephanepolous, “Chemical Process Control”, 1st ed., Prentice
Hall, 1998.
REFERENCE BOOK
1. Peter Harriott, “Process Control”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.
2. R.W.Gaikwad,S.A.Misal “Process Dynamics and Control”,1 st
ed.,Central Techno publications,2004.

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4 0 - 4 4
CH327 ENERGY ENGINEERING

(ELECTIVE - I)

The course programme focuses on understanding the sources of energy and
their contributions to the energy and power needs of the nation and the world.
Course Outcomes:
1. Understand the present and future enery demands of the energy resources,
2. Know about various energy auditing and energy conservation methods.
3. Obtain in detail knowledge about the stem distribution and utilization.
4. Know about various renewable energy resources.
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UNIT I - Sources of Energy and Types of Fuels

Energy resources present and future, Energy demands with reference to
India. Coal: - Origin, occurrence reserves, petrography, rank, classification,
analysis, testing, storage, carbonization liquefaction, gasification.
UNIT II - Liquid Fuels: Petroleum

Origin, occurrence, Reserves, Composition, classification, fractionation,
reforming cracking, petroleum products, specification for petroleum natural
gas, coke oven gas, producer gas, water gas, LPG.
UNIT III - Energy Auditing

Short term, medium term, long term schemes, energy conversion energy
index, energy cost, representation of energy consumption, Energy auditing.
UNIT IV - Steam Plant

Run time cycle, boiler plant, steam cost, steam distribution and utilization,
combined heat and power cycles. Energy from biomass, gas purification
solar energy, wind energy, energy storage, waste heat recovery.
UNIT V- Energy Conservation:

Energy conservation methods in process industries, practical applications
and theoretical analysis.
TEXT BOOKS
1. O.P.Gupta, “Elements of Fuels, Furnaces & Refractories”, 3 rd ed.,
Khanna Publications, 1996
2. Sami Sarkar, “Combustion”, 2nd ed., Orient Longman, 1998.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Conventional Energy Technology, Fuel and Chemical Energy, Tata Mc
Graw Hill, 1987.
2. G.D.Rai, “Non – Convectional Energy Sources”, 4th ed., Khanna
Publications, 1997.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
CH329 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY & HAZARD

MANAGEMENT (ELECTIVE - I)
To provide comprehensive knowledge of safety and hazards aspects in
industries and the management of hazards. To build in safety competency
of the participants in the Quantifying risk, Design for Safety, Investigating
accident.
Course Outcomes:
1. This course will enable the student to identify and understand safety
hazards in a business or industrial setting.
2. The principles learned in this course will allow the student to use
current safety theory and guidelines in making the workplace safer
for workers.
3. The intention is for the student to be able to: Identify basic safety
hazards.
4. Demonstrate the ability to document and record incidents and

accidents in the workplace, Identify basic methods of hazard control.
UNIT I - Safety
Safety programs, engineering ethics, accident and loss statistics, acceptable
risk, public perception.
UNIT II - Toxicology
How Toxicants enter biological organisms & are eliminated from biological
organisms, government regulations, Industrial Hygiene: identification,
evaluation, control.
UNIT III - Fires and Explosions

The fire triangle, distinction between fires and explosions, Definitions,
flammability characteristics of liquids and vapors, ignition energy, auto ignition,
auto oxidation, adiabatic compression, explosions.
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UNIT IV - Introduction to Relief’s

Relief concepts, definitions, location of relief’s, relief types, relief systems,
conventional spring operated reliefs in liquid service and vapor or gas service,
rupture disc relief’s in liquid service and vapor or gas service.
UNIT V - Hazard’s Identification

Process hazards checklists, hazards and operability studies, safety reviews.
TEXT BOOKS
1. DA.Crowl & J.F.Louvar, “Chemical Process Safety”, Vol. 2, Prentice
Hall, 1980.
2. H.H.Fawcett and W.S.Wood, “Safety & Accident Prevention in Chemical
Operations”, 2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1982.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. R.K.Sinnoot, “Coulson and Richardson’s - Chemical Engineering”,
Vol 6, Butterworth - Heinmann Limited, 1996.
2. Roye Sanders, “Chemical Process Safety”, 1st ed., Elsevier, 2007.

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
CH331 DESIGN OF ANALYSIS & EXPERIMENTS

(ELECTIVE - I)

Understand the important role of experimentation in new product design,
manufacturing process development, process improvement and analyze the
results from such investigations to obtain conclusions
Course Outcomes:
1. Describe how to design experiments, carry them out, and analyze
the data they yield.
2. Understand the process of designing an experiment including factorial

and fractional factorial designs.
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3. Examine how a factorial design allows cost reduction, increases

efficiency of experimentation, and reveals the essential nature of a
process.
UNIT I - Introduction
Modeling and study of systems in Chemical Engineering leading to systems
of algebraic, ordinary differential and partial equations (both linear and non-
linear systems). Methods of solution of systems of linear algebraic equations,
linear homogeneous ordinary differential equations and linear non-
homogeneous ordinary differential equations observed in systems of interest
to chemical engineers.
UNIT II - Differential Equations

Methods of solution of linear and non-linear finite difference equations,
solution of differential – difference equations, numerical solution to partial
differential equations by relaxation method, finite – difference method,
introduction to finite element method and application to problems of interest
in chemical engineering.
UNIT III - Basic Statistical Concepts

Probability distributions, sampling and sampling distributions; Inferences
about the differences in Means.
Randomized Designs: Hypothesis Testing – t-test, use of P-values;
Confidence intervals, Inferences about the difference in means, paired
comparison designs, inferences about the variances of normal distributions
F-test.
UNIT IV - Analysis of Variance

One-way and two way Analysis. Analysis of fixed effects model –
Decomposition of the total sum of squares, statistical analysis.
Factorial Experiments: Definitions, Interpretation of main effects and
interactions, design with factors at two levels – Calculation of effects and
Analysis of variance – Model adequacy testing, Estimating model parameters
Analysis of 2K factional design in detail.
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UNIT V - Regression Models

Linear Regression Models, Estimation of parameters, Multiple regression,
Hypothesis Testing in multiple regression, confidence intervals in multiple
regression.
Response Surface Methodology: Introduction, Method of Steepest Ascent,
Analysis of a second order response. Experimental designs for fitting
response surfaces Composite Designs. Introduction to other experimental
design: Mixture experiments, Evolutionary Operation, Robust Design (Taguchi
Methods).
TEXT BOOKS
1. S. Pushpavanam, “Mathematical Methods in Chemical Engineering”,
1st ed., Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2005.
2. Douglas C. Montgomery, “Design and Analysis of Experiments”, 5th
ed., John Wiley and Sons INC, 2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. W.L. Hines and D.C. Montgomery, “Probability and Statistics in
Engineering and Management”, John Wiley and Sons, 1980.
2. Ed. Oven L. Davies Longman Group, “Design and Analysis of Industrial
Experiments”, 2nd ed., 1978.
3. Jenson and Jeffereys, “Mathematical Methods in Chemical
Engineering”, Academic Press, 1963.
4. C.F. Jeff Wu & Michael Hamada 2009, Experiments-Panning, Analysis,
and Parameter Design Optimization, 2 nd edn, John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY

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- - 3 3 2
CH333 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LAB
Course Outcomes:
The course will provide a sound practical knowledge of the three main heat
transfer phenomena namely conduction, convection and radiation.
List of Experiments
1. Determination of heat transfer coefficient by Natural Convection.

2. Determination of overall resistance in Composite Wall.
3. Determination of heat transfer coefficient through Pin Fin.
4. Emissivity Measurement.
5. Determination of heat transfer coefficient of Shell and Tube Heat
Exchanger.
6. Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Metal Rod.
7. Determination of heat transfer coefficient of Vertical Condenser.
8. Determination of heat transfer coefficients of Agitated Vessel.
9. Determination of heat transfer coefficients of Double Pipe Heat
Exchanger.
10. Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Liquids.
11. Determination of performance of Single Effect Evaporator.
12. Determination of heat transfer coefficient of Horizontal tube lossing heat
by Forced Convection.
13. Determination of Stefan Boltzmann Constant.
14. Determination of Critical Heat Flux points of Nichrome Wire.
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L T P To C
- - 3 3 2
CH335 CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY LAB

To study process technologies of various organic and inorganic process
industries.
This course covers manufacture of various chemicals, cement, rubber, soaps,
detergent, paper and ceramics.
Course Outcomes:
1. Ability to understand the manufacturing of various inorganic and organic
chemicals
2. Ability to estimate melting / boiling points, preparation, analysis of
different chemical compounds.
List of Experiments
1. Estimation of Glucose
2. Estimation of Sucrose
3. Iodine value of oil
4. Saponification value of oil
5. Acid value of oil
6. Preparation of Acetanilide
7. Preparation of Aspirin (Acetyl Salicylic acid)
8. Preparation of Azodye (Phenyl Azo – 2 – Naphthol)
9. Preparation of Nitrobenzene from benzene
10. Preparation of M – Dinitro Benzene from Nitro Benzene
11. Preparation of Urea formaldehyde resin
12. Preparation of Phenol formaldehyde resin
13. Determination of Alkalinity of water
14. Determination of Percentage purity of lime stone
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L T P To C
- - 3 3 2
CH337 PROCESS DYNAMICS & CONTROL LAB
Course Outcomes:
To provides a sound practical knowledge of different control systems,
controllers, and control valves that are used in industries.
List of Experiments:
1. Dynamics of 1st Order Systems [Thermometer].

2. Dynamics of Interacting System for Step Input.
3. Dynamics of Non Interacting System for Step Input
4. Response of Interacting System for Pulse Input.
5. Response of Non-Interacting System for Pulse Input.
6. Response of Single Tank for Step Input
7. Response of Single Tank for Pulse Input
8. Response of Manometer (2nd Order System)
9. Response of Control Values
10. Response of 1st Order System using Mat Lab
11. Response of 2nd Order System using Mat Lab
12. Temperature Control Trainer
13. Cascade Control Trainer
14. Response of “P” Controller using Mat Lab.
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III Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. II - Semester

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
MS310 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS

This course provides students with the knowledge, tools and techniques to
make effective economic decisions under conditions of risk and uncertainly.
Course Outcomes:
Students will be able to:
1. Apply the economic way of thinking to individual decisions and
business decisions
2. Understand how prices get determined in markets, how market
participants benefit in the form of consumer surplus and producer
surplus, and what are the consequences of government intervention
3. Understand the roles of managers in firms
4. Understand the internal and external decisions to be made by
managers
5. Design competition strategies, including pricing, product
differentiation, research & development, and marketing, according
to the natures of products and the structures of the markets
6. Analyse real-world business problems with a systematic theoretical
framework.
UNIT I - Nature & Scope of Managerial Economics

Basic tools and techniques of Business Economics, Macro Economic
Environment and Managerial decisions.
UNIT II – Demand Analysis

Demand Analysis: Types of Demand, Demand determination Concept of
Elasticity and measurement, Demand forecasting, Survey & Statistical
methods.
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UNIT III – Theory of Production

Production function, Marginal rate of technical substitution, Iso-quants and
Iso-costs, production function with one/two variable factors,Law of Variable
Proportions, and Returns to Scale, internal and external economies.
UNIT IV – Cost Analysis

Cost concepts, cost determinants, cost output relationship in the short and
long run, Break-Even analysis.
UNIT V - Features and types of different competitive situations

Perfect competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic competition and Oligopoly, pricing
methods in practice.
Text Books:
1. Gupta: Managerial Economics, 1/e TMH, 2005
2. A.R.Arya Sri, Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis, TMH, 2/
e, 2010
Reference Books:
1. Dominic Salvatore, Managerial Economics, Thomson, 2/e, 2006
2. Mote Paull, Managerial Economics, 1/e, TMH, 2004

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CH302 MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS-II

The Course deals about various separation techniques and mass transfer
operations like Distillation, Extraction, adsorption, etc.
It includes the design of various equipments like Distillation, adsorber,
extractor etc.
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Course Outcomes:
The student will be able to recognize the various Principles like design of
operating line equation, design of Distillation units, Tower sizing, design of
single and multi stage cross current, co-current, counter current extractors,
design of adsorption and leaching equipments.
UNIT I - Distillation
Introduction, Fields of application, VLE for miscible liquids, immiscible liquids,
steam distillation, VLE phase diagrams, tie lines, mixture rules, Flash
vaporization and differential distillation for binary and multicomponent
mixtures, Batch distillation with reflux.
UNIT II - Mc – Cabe and Ponchon - Savarit Methods

Continuous fractionation of binary mixtures, Mc – Cabe Thiele method,
Ponchon – Savarit method determination of no of ideal plates for binary
mixtures, optimum reflux ratio, plate efficiencies, condenser and reboiler
duties, principles of
azeotropic and extractive distillation, open steam system.
UNIT III – Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Fields of application of ternary liquid systems, triangular and solvent free
coordinate systems, Choice of solvent and selectivity, extraction with insoluble
and partially soluble systems,Single and multi stage cross and counter current
extraction with reflux, continuous contact extraction (packed beds) equipment
for liquid – liquid extraction.
UNIT IV - Leaching
Introduction, Fields of application, Preparation of solid for leaching, types of
leaching, Leaching equilibria, Constant under flow conditions, Single and
multistage leaching calculations, equipment for leaching operation.
UNIT V - Adsorption and Ion – Exchange

Principles and applications, types of adsorption, use of adsorbents, Adsorption
equilibria, adsorption isotherms for vapor and dilute solutions, Design of
steady state moving bed adsorber for one component, Un steady state
adsorption, Break through curve, fixed bed adsorber and ion exchange.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
TEXT BOOKS
1. R.E.Treybal, “Mass Transfer Operations”, 3rd ed., Mc-Graw Hill, 1981.
2. Binay. K.Dutta, “Principles of Mass Transfer and Separation
Processes”,Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. C. Judson King, “Separation Processes”, 2nd ed., McGraw Hill, 1982.
2. Alapati Suryanarayana, “Mass Transfer Operations”, 1st ed., New -
Age, International, 2006.

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CH304 CHEMICAL REACTIONS ENGINEERING – II
Course Outcomes:
1. On having completed the course, the student will be in a position to
design reactor, with some additional inputs.
2. The homogeneous reactions & hence the reactors are fairly easy to
design. But, with increasing complexity like in multiple rxns, &
heterogeneous rxno.
3. The student has to exercise some caution in designing the reactors.
4. The reactor history coupled with personal experience and sound

judgment are necessary.
UNIT I - Non Ideal Flow

E curve, the age distribution of fluid, the RTD studies, conversion in non ideal
flow reactors, dispersion model Axial dispersion, correlations of axial
dispersion, problems.
UNIT II - Tanks in Series Model

Pulse response experiments and the RTD, Chemical conversion, Convertion
model in laminar flow reactors, Earliness of mixing, Segregation and RTD:
Self mixing of a single fluid.
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UNIT III - Fluid - Particle Reactions: Kinetics - The Rate Equation

Fluid particle reactions: Kinetics - selection of a model, shrinking core model
for spherical particles of unchanging size, rate of reaction for shrinking
spherical particles, determination of rate controlling step.
UNIT IV - Heterogeneous Reactions

Introduction: Solid catalyzed reactions - pore diffusion resistance combined
with surface kinetics, porous catalyst particles, performance equations for
reactors containing porous catalyst particles.
UNIT V - Deactivating Catalysts

Mechanism of catalyst deactivation, the rate and performance equations.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Octave Levenspiel,”Chemical Reaction Engineering”, 3rd ed., WEE,
1999.
2. H.S.Fogler, “Elementary Chemical Reaction Engineering”, 3rd ed.,
PHS, 1981.

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CH306 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

THERMODYNAMICS – II

To understand the theory and applications of classical thermodynamics,
thermodynamic properties, equations of state, methods used to describe
and predict phase equilibria, vapor-Liquid equilibria, Chemical reaction
equilibria.
Course Outcomes:
1. State the thermodynamic equations and explain them for solving
actual thermodynamic problems.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
2. Apply the thermodynamic principles for the chemical process design

as well as industrial application.
3. Analyse and calculate thermodynamic properties for a given system

or process at specified conditions using appropriate thermodynamic
approaches.
4. Use the Vapor Liquid Equilibrium relations to solve the process

separation problems.
5. Evaluate the chemical reaction equilibria for the equilibrium

conversion/composition calculations.
UNIT I - Heat Effects

Sensible heat effects, Latent heats of pure substances, standard heat of
Reaction, standard heat of formation, standard heat of combustion,
Temperature dependence of ÄH0.
UNIT II - Solution Thermodynamics -Theory

Fundamental property relation, The chemical potential and phase equilibria,
Partial properties, Ideal gas mixtures, fugacity and fugacity coefficient: pure
species, fugacity and fugacity coefficient: species in solution .
UNIT III - Vapor / Liquid Equilibrium

The nature of equilibrium, Phase rule, Duhem’s theorem, VLE: Qualitative
behaviour, Simple models for VLE, VLE by modified raoult’s law.
UNIT IV - Phase Equilibria

Equilibrium and stability, Liquid – Liquid equilibrium, Vapor liquid liquid
equilibrium, solid – liquid equilibrium, Solid Vapor equilibrium, equilibrium
adsorption of gases on solids.
UNIT V - Chemical Reaction Equilibria

The reaction coordinate, Application of equilibrium criteria to chemical
reactions, the Standard Gibbs- energy change and the equilibrium constant,
effect of temperature on equilibrium constant, Evaluation of equilibrium
constants, Relation of equilibrium constants to composition.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
TEXT BOOKS
1. J.M.Smith, H.C.Vanness, “Introduction to Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics”, 6th ed., TMH, 2003.
2. Kyle.B.G. “Chemical and Process Thermodynamics”, 2 nd ed., PHI,
1990.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Dodge B.F “Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics”, 1 st ed., MGH,
1960.
2. Sandler, S.I “Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics”, 2 nd ed.,
Wiley, 1989.

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CH308 MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY

(ELECTIVE – II)

The course will describe in details membrane separation technology and
wide range of applications including water treatment and desalination.
The objective of the course is to give the students the technical background
on membrane technology and to provide wide level of understanding that will
allow them to design, using appropriate combinations of unit processes and
water treatment plant. The practical component will provide the students with
a range of laboratory skills together with an understanding of the need for
rigorous experimental design of membrane modules for water treatment plant.
Course Outcomes:
Students will be able to
1. Apply various transport models for the calculation of membrane fluxes
and the extent of separation for various membrane systems.
2. Identify the types of experimental data needed for the calculation of
membrane parameters.
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3. Select a membrane process and design components to carry out a

specific separation.
4. Be familiar with the relevant literature.
5. Have an introduction to advancement of membrane techniques to
solve environmental problems.
UNIT I – Introduction to Membrane Processes

Separation process, Introduction to membrane processes, definition of a
membrane, classification of membrane processes.
Preparation of Synthetic Membranes: Types of Membrane materials,
preparation of Synthetic membranes, phase inversion membranes,
preparation technique for immersion precipitation, preparation technique for
composite membranes.
UNIT II - Characterization of Membranes

Introduction, membrane characterization, characterization of porous
membranes, characterization of non-porous membranes.
Transport in Membranes: introduction, driving forces, non equilibrium
thermodynamics, transport through porous, non-porous, and ion exchange
membranes.
UNIT III - Membrane Processes

Pressure driven membrane processes: Introduction, microfiltration,
membranes for microfiltration, industrial applications, ultrafiltration,
membranes for ultrafiltration, industrial applications, reverse Osmosis and
nanofiltration: membranes for reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, industrial
applications, Electrically Driven Processes: Introduction, electrodialysis,
Process parameters, membranes for electrodialysis, applications, Membrane
electrolysis, Bioploar membranes, Fuel Cells.
UNIT IV- Concentration Driven Membrane Processes

Gas separation, gas separation in porous and non porous membranes,
membranes for gas separation, applications, pervaporation, membranes
for pervaporation, applications, dialysis: membranes for dialysis,
applications, liquid membranes: aspects, liquid membrane development,
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choice of the organic solvent and carrier, applications, introduction to

membrane reactors.
UNIT V - Polarization Phenomenon and Fouling
Introduction to concentration polarization, turbulence promoters, pressure
drop, gel layer model, osmotic pressure model, boundary layer resistance
model, concentration
polarization in diffusive membrane separations and electro dialysis,
membrane fouling, methods to reduce fouling, compaction.
Module and Process Design: Introduction, plate and frame module, spiral
wound module, tubular module, capillary module, hollow fiber module,
comparison of module configurations.
TEXT BOOKS
1. M.H.V.Mulder, “Membrane Separations”, Springer Publications, 2007.
2. R.Philip C.Wanket, “Rate-Controlled Separations”, 1st ed., Springer,
2005.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. S.P.Nunes, K.V.Peinemann, “Membrane Technology in the Chemical
Industry”, Wiley-VCH, 2nd ed., 2006.
2. Rautanbach and R. Albrecht, “Membrane Process”, John Wiley & Sons,
1st ed., 1986.
3. J.G.Crespo, K.W.Bodekes, “Membrane Processes in Separation and
Purification”, Kluwer Academic Publications, 1st ed., 1994.
4. C .J. Geankoplis, “Transport Processes and Unit Operations”,
3rd ed., PHI, 2003.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY

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CH310 MATHEMATICAL METHODS FOR CHEMICAL

ENGINEERING (ELECTIVE – II)

The course deals about various mathematical differential equations. It discuss
about the vector analysis and heat transfer with various bodies.
Course Outcomes:
Mathematical tools are indispensable to process modeling, analysis,
engineering design and research. The theme of the course is to introduce a
spectrum of widely used mathematical methods in chemical engineering
useful to solve problems commonly encountered.
Mathematical formulations of the physical problem, formulation of differential
equations, application of the law of conservation of mass and energy, flow
systems, rate equations.
UNIT II - Partial Differential Equations

Formulation of partial differential equations, differentiation formulae change
from Cartesian to cylindrical and spherical , differentiation of implicit functions,
directional derivatives, maxima and minima, one dimensional heat conduction
problems.
UNIT III - Vector Analysis

Vectors, scalars, vector field, vector differential operators, line integral, mass
transfer in binary gas mixture, equation of motion.
UNIT IV - Heat Transfer in Finite and Infinite Slab Thicknesses

Solutions of PDEs heat transfer in a flowing fluid, heat conduction in a slab,
temperature distribution in rectangular parallel pipe, heat conduction in a
slab of infinite thickness.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
UNIT V - Steady State and Unsteady State Heat Transfer

Solutions of PDEs by Laplace transforms, one dimensional un steady state
heat conduction, Un steady state operations of packed bed.
TEXT BOOKS
1. T.S.Sherwood & C. Reed, “Applied Mathematics in Chemical
Engineering”, 2nd ed., Tata McGraw Hill Publishers, 1998.
2. V.G.Jenson & G.V.Jeffreys, “Mathematical Methods in Chemical
Engineering”, 2nd ed., Academic Press, London, 2000.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Steve Chopra, “ Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineering” 5th
ed., Tata McGraw Hill Publishers, 2009.
2. Pushpavanam ,Kondaswamy, “Numerical Methods for Chemical
Engineering” 1st ed., PHI Publishers, 2005.

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CH312 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

(ELECTIVE – II)

This course focuses on the interaction of Chemical engineering, biochemistry,
microbiology.
To enhance skills in the areas of biochemical processes, to provide the
fundamental background of biological systems.
Course Outcomes:
1. The course will help the students to understand and apply the
principles of biochemical engineering in the analysis and design of
industrial biochemical processes.
2. Understanding of biological basics and bio processing.
3. Understanding the difference between bioprocesses and chemical
processes.
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4. Students will be able to understand the kinetics of growth, depth&

metabolism.
UNIT I - Introduction to Microbiology

Introduction to Microbiology: Bio physics, and cell doctrine, the structure of
cell, Important Cell Types RNA, DNA building blocks.
UNIT II - Kinetics of Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions

Kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions, The enzyme substrate complex,
Enzyme action, Kinetics with one and two substrates, Michaelis – Menten
equation, Estimation of MM parameters. Line weavers burk plot.
UNIT III - Enzyme Immobilization
Enzyme inhibitions, immobilized enzyme technology, Utilization of co – factors,
biosynthesis, transport across cell membrane, Introduction to metabolic path
way and end products of metabolism.
UNIT IV- Microbial Growth Kinetics

Microbial growth, Monod growth kinetics, Substrate and product inhibition,
yield coefficients for bio mass and products, continuous culture for stirred
tank fermenter design and analysis of biological reactors.
UNIT V- Fermentation Technology

Production of antibiotics, pencilin, citric acid, bakers yeast, ethanol, Anaerobic
fermentation production of biogas, aeration and agitation in bio reactors.
TEXT BOOK
1. J.E.Bailey & David F. Ollis, “Bio Chemical Engineering Fundamentals”,
2nd ed., McGraw Hill Publishers, 1986.
2. Michael L. Shuler & Fikret Kargi, “Bioprocess Engineering”, 1st ed., Pearson
Education International Series, 2002.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. James – Lee , “BioChemical Engineering”, 1st ed., Prentice Hall
Publishers, 1992.
2. Pauline M. Doran, “Bioprocess engineering principles” Elsevier
Publishers, 1995.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
3. D.G.Rao, “Introduction to Biocheical Engineering” Tata Mc Hill

Publishers, 2005.

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CH314 CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LAB
Course Outcomes:
Provides a practical knowledge to students of the different chemical reactors
used in chemical engineering industries.
List of Experiments:
1. Kinetic Studies in C.S.T.R

2. Kinetic Studies in P.F.R
3. Kinetic Studies in Combined Reactor
4. Kinetic Studies in MFR’s in Series
5. Kinetic Studies in Batch Reactor Equimolar Feed
6. Kinetic Studies in Batch Reactor Non - Equimolar Feed
7. Isothermal Batch Reactor
8. Adiabatic Batch Reactor
9. R.T.D Studies in C.S.T.R
10. R T D Studies in C.S.T.R’s in Series
11. R.T.D Studies in Plug Flow Reactor
12. R.T.D Studies in Combined Reactor
13. R.T.D Studies in Fluidized Bed Reactor
14. R.T.D Studies in Packed Bed Reactor

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VFSTR UNIVERSITY
CH334 MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS LAB

The Course discuss about the various experiments like Distillation, Extraction,
Diffusion, etc
It includes the estimation of various parameters like Temperature, Pressure
and concentration.
Course Outcomes:
1. Provides to students the knowledge of various mass transfer operations
used in industries.
2. Provides to students able to design equipments.
List of experiments:
1. Verification of Rayleigh’s equation using batch distillation

2. Determination of steam distillation temperature and vaporisation
efficiency
3. Gas Diffusivity
4. Liquid-Liquid Diffusivity
5. Tray Drier
6. Surface Evaporation
7. Determination of solubility characteristics of given ternary system
8. Estimation of Liquid - Liquid extraction and determination of plait point
9. Estimation of solid liquid extraction and leaching efficiency
10. Determination of VLE data for a binary mixture
11. Adsorption Stuidies of ternary mixture
12. HETP (Hight Equivalent to Theoretical Plate)
IV Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. I - Semester

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CH 401 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PLANT DESIGN

AND ECONOMICS
VFSTR UNIVERSITY

This course introduces the student to the basic concepts of process design
development ,general design considerations, Estimation of capital
investments , Interest and investment cost, Taxes, Insurance & Depreciation,
Profitability & Optimum Design.
Course Outcomes:
1. Compare projects using the methods of net present value, discounted
cash flow and equivalent minimum investment period
2. Develop a plant capital cost estimate based on published data,
3. Determine the impact of taxation, depreciation and investment incentives
on the economic viability of a project.
4.know the procedures involved in optimum designing
UNIT I- Introduction to Process Design

Introduction – Process design development, design considerations, Cost
and asset accounting.
UNIT II- Estimation of Capital Investment

Cash flow for industrial operations, Factors effecting Investment, Total product
cost, Estimation of capital investments, Cost indices, Cost factors.
UNIT III- Interest and Investment Costs

Interest and investment cost, types of interest, nominal and effective interest
rates, Continuous interest, Present worth and discount annuities, Interest on
investment.
UNIT IV - Taxes, Insurance & Depreciation

Source of capital taxes and types of taxes ,Insurance – Types of insurances,
Self insurance, Depreciation-Types of depreciation, Service life, Salvage value,
Present Value, Methods for determining depreciation, group depreciation.
UNIT V - Profitability & Optimum Design

Profitability, Alternative investments and replacements, Profitability standards,
discounted cash flow, Capitalized cost payout period, Alternative investments,
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Optimum design, Design strategy, Optimum conditions, Optimum production

rates.
TEXT BOOK:
1. K.D. Timmerhaus & M.S. Peters, “Plant Design and Economics for “
Chemical Engg.”, 3 rd ed., McGraw Hill, 1981.

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CH403 CHEMICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT DESIGN

This course teaches the student about selection and design of chemical
process equipments. To learn about the design procedures of process
equipment used in chemical process plants.
Course Outcomes:
1. Able to design heat transfer equipment and mass transfer equipmet.
2. Able to design cooling and heating systems of chemical reactors.
3. Able to use software tools for the analysis of process equipment.
UNIT I - Design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

1-2 heat exchanger, arrangements for increased heat recovery, and
calculations for process conditions. Design calculations of a double-pipe
heat exchanger: Double pipe exchangers in series-parallel arrangement.
UNIT II - Pressure Vessels

Introduction, vessels subjected to internal pressure &combined loading,
stresses induced in vessels, optimum proportions of a vessel, optimum
vessel size. problems.
UNIT III - Design Of Dryers

Design of Dryers: Design of rotary dryer, tray dryer and spray dryer.
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Design of Packed Towers for Absorption: Flow of liquid over packing’s, limiting
gas velocities, Pressure-drop calculations, design of packed towers using
absorption coefficients, design of packed tower using transfer-unit method.
UNIT IV - Design Of Sieve Tray Tower For Distillation

Introduction, sieve tray, tower diameter, plate spacing, entrainment, flooding,
weepage, tray layout, hydraulic parameters.
UNIT V – Cooling Towers

Cooling Tower Practice: Mechanism, types, rating duty and physical size of
cooling towers, Cooling tower components, construction material, practical
aspects of tower selection
Cooling Tower Design Calculations: Heat transfer calculations, selection of
tower size for a given duty, corrections for altitude, use of charts for calculation
of cooling tower duties.
TEXT BOOKS
1. D.Q. Kern, “Process Heat Transfer”, 1 st ed., Tata McGraw Hill, 2001.
2. S. D. Dawande, “Process Equipment Design”, Vol 1 & 2, 4 th ed., Central
Techno Publishers, 2005.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Robert E. Treybal, “Mass Transfer Operations”, McGraw Hill, 1982.
2. Morris and Jackson, “Absorption Towers”,Butter Worth’s Scientific
Publications, 1985.
3. Pring and Osborn Butter Worth,”Cooling Tower Principles and Practice”,
Heinemann - Hill, 1986.
4. Coulson & Richardson Series, “Chemical Engineering”, Volume 6, Pergaman
Press, 1983.
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CH405 PROCESS MODELING AND SIMULATION
Course Description & objectives:
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
To make the students understand physical systems in chemical engineering

and to develop their mathematical models and solutions for these models.
The students will also learn to use the commercial process simulators.
Course Outcomes:
1. Understand the important physical phenomena from the problem
statement.
2. Develop model equations for the given system.
3. Demonstrate the model solving ability for various processes/unit
operations.
4. Demonstrate the ability to use a process simulation.
UNIT I - Fundamentals
Mathematical models for chemical engineering systems, fundamentals,
introduction to fundamental laws, examples of mathematical models of
chemical engineering systems, constant volume CSTRS, two heated tanks.
UNIT II - Examples
Gas phase pressurized CSTR, non-isothermal CSTR, single component
vaporizer, batch reactor, reactor with mass transfer, ideal binary distillation
column, batch distillation with holdup.
UNIT III - Iterative Methods

Bisection, false position, Newton –Raphson, successive approximation
method, comparison of iterative methods.
Solution of Linear Simultaneous Algebraic Equations: Computation of Eigen
values and Eigen vectors, Gauss elimination method, Gauss-Jordan and
Gauss-Seidel’s method.
UNIT IV - Numerical Integration

Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules. Numerical Solution of Differential
Equations: Euler method, Runge-Kutta fourth order method, Milne predictor
corrector method.
Interpolation: Lagrange interpolation, forward difference, backward difference
and central difference interpolation methods, least square approximation of
functions.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
UNIT V - Computer Simulation Examples

Gravity flow tank, three CSTRs in series, binary distillation column, batch
reactor, Non-isothermal CSTR, VLE dew point, bubble point calculations,
countercurrent heat exchanger.
TEXT BOOKS
1. William L. Luyben, “Process Modeling, Simulation and Control for
Chemical Engineers”, 2 nd ed., McGraw - Hill International, 1990.
2. Santosh.K. Gupta, “Numerical Methods in Engineering”, 2 nd ed., New
Age International (P) Ltd., 2003.
REFERENCE BOOK
1. K.Balu and K.Padmanabhan, “Modeling and Analysis of Chemical
Engineering Processes”, IK International Private Limited, 2007.

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CH407 INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL

ENGINEERING

This course is designed to learn a variety of chemical, physical, biological
treatment processes related to industrial pollution control. This course is to
make pollution profiles of the industries, categorization, control methodologies
and technologies, system design, ethic concepts and solving of the
engineering problems on industrial systems.
Course Outcomes:
1. Understanding of air/water pollution regulations and their scientific basis.
2. Apply knowledge for the protection and improvement of the environment.
3. Ability to monitor and design the air and water pollution control systems.
4. Ability to select and use suitable waste treatment technique.
UNIT I -
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Types of emissions from chemical industries and effects of environment,

environment legislation, Type of pollution, sources of wastewater, Effluent
guidelines and standards,
UNIT II -
Characterization of effluent streams, oxygen demands and their determination
(BOD, COD, and TOC), Oxygen sag curve, BOD curve mathematical, controlling
of BOD curve, self purification of running streams, sources and characteristics
of pollutants in fertilizer, paper and pulp industry.
UNIT III -
General methods of control and removal of sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen
and organic vapors from gaseous effluent, treatment of liquid and gaseous
effluent in fertilizer industry.
UNIT IV -
Air pollution sampling and measurement: Types of pollutant and sampling
and measurement, ambient air sampling: collection of gaseous air pollutants,
collection of particulate air pollutants. Stack sampling: sampling system,
particulate sampling, and gaseous sampling. Analysis of air pollutants:
Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, oxidants and Ozone,
hydrocarbons, particulate matter.
UNIT V -
Air pollution control methods and equipments: Source collection methods:
raw material changes, process changes, and equipment modification.
Cleaning of gaseous equipments particulate emission control: collection
efficiency, control equipment like gravitational settling chambers, Cyclone
separators, fabric filters, scrubbers, packed beds and plate columns, venturi
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
scrubbers, their design aspects. Control of gaseous emissions: absorption

by liquids, absorption equipments, adsorption by solids.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Environmental pollution and control engineering, Rao C. S. - Wiley
Eastern Limited, India, 1993.
2. Pollution control in process industries by S.P. Mahajan TMH.,1985.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Waste water treatment by M.Narayana Rao and A.K.Datta,Oxford and
IHB publ. New Delhi.
2. Air pollution control by P.Prathap mouli and N.Venkata subbayya. Divya
Jyothi Prakashan, Jodhpur.
3. “Industrial Pollution Control and Engineering.” Swamy AVN, Galgotia
publications, 2005, Hyderabad

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CH409 TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

The course deals about various transport processes like Momentum Transfer,
Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer. It includes the dynamics of fluid behavior
and their turbulence nature.
Course Outcomes:
Students have an understanding and appreciation for the implications of the
science of transport phenomena on society as a whole, and recognize
connections between transport phenomena and other areas of study.
UNIT I - Transport Properties

Introduction: Transport Properties, Estimation of transport properties,
pressure, Temperature, Concentration dependence, Newton’s Law of
viscosity.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
UNIT II - Momentum Balance

Boundary conditions, Flow problems flat plate, Circular pipe, Annulus,
Creeping flow.
UNIT III - Energy Balance

Boundary conditions, Fourier’s law of conduction, Composite wall, Extended
Fin surface, Viscous heat source, Chemical heat source, Electric heat source.
UNIT IV - Mass Balance

Boundary conditions, diffusion through a stagnant gas film, homogeneous,
heterogeneous reactions, falling liquid film, chemical reaction inside a porous
catalyst.
UNIT V - Flow Problems

Equation of change for isothermal, Non isothermal systems, use of equation
of change to solve flow problems, introduction to turbulent flow.
TEXT BOOK:
1. R.B.Bird, W.E. Stewart, “Transport Phenomena”, 1st ed., Mc Graw Hill,
2003.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. James. R. Welty, Robert. E. E. Wilson, “Fundamentals of Momentum,
Heat and Mass Transfer”, 2nd ed., John Wiley & sons, 2002.
2. L. Theodore, “Transport Phenomena”, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons,
2002.
3. J. Geankoplis, “Transport Processes & Unit Operations”, 3rd ed., Prentice
Hall of India, 2003.

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CH411 PETRO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

(ELECTIVE-III)
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
Studying this subject the students will learn about the extraction and production
of oil and gas to meet energy needs, as well as refining of crude oil for a wide
spectrum of useful products, such as petrochemicals, Chemicals, Plastics.
Course Outcomes:
1. Introduction with the petroleum refinery worldwide.
2. Develop knowledge of different refining processes.
3. To find the suitable refining technology for maximizing the gasoline
yield.
4. Students will be well-veresed with some aspects of Petrochemical
Technology in detail.
UNIT I - Sources of Petroleum

Origin and formation of petroleum, Reserves and deposits of world, Indian
Petroleum industry.
UNIT II - Fractionation of Petroleum

Dehydration and desalting of crudes, heating of crude pipe still heaters,
Distillation of petroleum, blending of gasoline.
UNIT III - Thermal and Catalytic Processes

Cracking, Catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, Naphtha cracking, Coking,
Hydrogenation processes, Alkylation processes, Isomerisation processes.
UNIT IV - Petrochemical Technology
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
Chemicals from ethane, Ethylene and acetylene: ethanol, acetaldehyde and

acetic acid, Vinyl acetate, butyraldehyde, 2 - Ethyl hexanol and ethylene oxide,
Ethylene Glycols, Acrilonitrile, Polyesters, Ethanolamines, ethylene dichloride.
UNIT V - Chemicals Form Butanes, Butenes, Pentanes And Pentenes

Butadiene, butane epoxides and butanolamines, butanol, butyl acetate, methyl
ethyl ketone, isoprene, amyl alcohol.
TEXT BOOKS
1. B.K.Bhaskara Rao, “Modern petroleum refining processes” 4 th edition,
Oxford and IBH Publication, 2002.
2. B.K.Bhaskara Rao, “ A Text book on Petrochemicals” 2nd edition, Kanna
publishers
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. O.P.Gupta, “Fuels, furnaces & Refractories” Kanna publishers.
2. Lahari, Biswas, “Petrochemical Industries”.

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
CH413 PROCESS INTENSIFICATION

(ELECTIVE-III)

The course discuss about process intensification, Flow patterns and Reactor
types and operation It covers the areas like sono chemistry, crystallization
and extraction process.
Course Outcomes:
This Is The course to Provide A Practical Working Guide To Understanding
And Developing Successful PI Solutions That Deliver Savings And
Efficiencies. It Will Appeal To Engineers Working With Leading-Edge Process
Technologies And Those Involved Research
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
UNIT – I Introduction
Definition of process intensification; Benefits and drawbacks; Techniques
for PI application – passive and active techniques.
UNIT – II Flow Patterns
Mixing, flow patterns, heat transfer: Scales of mixing; Flow patterns in reactors,
Mixing in stirred tanks, Scale up of mixing; Mixing in intensified equipment;
UNIT – III Mixers & Reactors

Heat transfer. High intensity inline reactors: Static mixers; Ejectors; Tee mixers;
Impinging jets; Rotor stator mixers; Principles of operation; Applications;
Performance envelopes.
UNIT – IV Reactor Types and Operation

Combined chemical reactor heat exchangers and reactor separators. Spinning
disc reactors; Rotating packed bed; Oscillatory flow reactor;
UNIT – V Sono Chemistry and Crystallization

Compact heat exchangers Enhanced fields: Sono-chemistry; Microwaves;
Electrostatic fields. Intensified separation: Higee; Compact separation;
Crystallization and extraction.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Stankiewicz, A. and Moulin, (Eds.), “Engineering: the Chemical Process
Plants.
2. Process Intensification”, Marcel Dekker.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Process intensification by David Reay, Colin Ramshaw, Adam Harvey.

L T P To C
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
3 1 - 4 4
CH415 OPTIMIZATION OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES

(ELECTIVE-IV)

To study optimization algorithms, provide modeling skills to describe and
formulate optimization problems, solve several types of optimization
problems arising in process systems engineering.
This course covers organization of problems, basic concepts, single and
multivariable optimization, linear programming and optimization of chemical
processes.
Course Outcomes:
1. Identify different types of optimization problems.
2. Understanding of different optimization technique.
3. Ability to solve various single and multivariable optimization problems.
4. Ability to solve problems by using least square analysis.
UNIT I - Nature and Organization of Optimization Problems

What optimization is all about, Why optimize, scope and hierarchy of
optimization, examples of applications of optimization, the essential features
of optimization problems, general procedure for solving optimization
problems.
Fitting Models to Data: Classification of models, how to build a model, fitting
functions to empirical data, the method of least squares, factorial experimental
designs, fitting a model to data subject to constraints.
UNIT II - Basic Concepts of Optimization

Continuity of functions, unimodal versus multimodel functions. Convex and
Concave functions, Convex region, Necessary and sufficient conditions for
an extremum of an unconstrained function.
Optimization of Unconstrained Functions One-Dimensional Search:

Numerical methods for optimizing a function of one variable, scanning and
bracketing procedures, Newton’s, Quasi-Newton’s and Secant methods of
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
uni-dimensional search, Region elimination methods, polynomial

approximation methods.
UNIT III - Unconstrained Multivariable Optimization

Direct methods: Random search, grid search, uni-variate search, simplex
method, conjugate search, Powell’s methods. Indirect methods- first order:
Gradient method, conjugate method. Indirect methods - second order:
Newton’s method, movement in the search direction, termination, summary
of Newton’s method, relation between conjugate gradient methods and
Quasi-Newton method.
UNIT IV - Linear Programming and Applications

Basic concepts in linear programming, Degenerate LP’s – graphical solution,
natural occurrence of linear constraints, the simplex method of solving linear
programming problems, standard LP form, obtaining a first feasible solution,
the revised simplex method, sensitivity analysis, duality in linear
programming, the Karmarkar algorithm, LP applications.
UNIT V - Optimization of Unit Operations

Recovery of waste heat, shell & tube heat exchangers, evaporator design,
liquid liquid extraction process, optimal design of staged distillation column,
Optimal pipe diameter, optimal residence time for maximum yield in an ideal
isothermal batch reactor, chemostat, optimization of thermal cracker using
liner programming.
TEXT BOOK
1. T.F.Edgar and Himmelblau DM, “Optimization of Chemical Processes”,
McGraw Hill, 2001.
REFERENCE BOOK
1. Kalyan Moy Deb, “Optimization for Engineering Design”, PHI, 2000.

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
CH417 POLYMER TECHNOLOGY

VFSTR UNIVERSITY
(ELECTIVE-IV)

Expose the students to the various methods of fabricating commercially useful
polymer products of plastics, rubbers (elastomers), fibres such as extrusion,
compression molding, injection and blow molding. To provide fundamental
knowledge of the polymers and their chemical, physical and mechanical
behavior. Emphasis on the processing techniques, along with the production
of polymers.
Course Outcome:
The course aims to offer a sound base in the knowledge of various polymers
and plastics used in industries, their properties etc.
UNIT I - Introduction and Fundamentals

Definitions and concepts of plastics and polymers, Comer, Co – monomer,
Mesomer, Co – polymer, functionality, Visco – elasticity classification of
polymers Methods determining molecular weights of polymers: Based on
colligative properties, Sedimentation equilibrium method. Gel
chromatography. Natural polymers: rubber, shellac, rosin, cellulose, and
lignin’s, Proteins.
UNIT II - Chemistry of Polymerization

Concepts of addition polymerization condensation polymerization and Co –
polymerization, glass transitation temperature of polymers, Degradation of
polymers of following types: Mechanical, Hydrolytic thermal, back bone effects.
UNIT III - Methods of Polymerization

Mass, solution, emulsion, suspension Role of following additives for polymers:
Initiators, catalyst inhibitors, solvents, fillers, reinforcing agents, stabilizers
plasticizers, lubricants, blowing agents, coupling agents, flame retardants
photo – degradents.
UNIT IV - Methods of Manufacture, Properties, Uses of Following Addition

Compounds
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
Polyethylene (LDPE & HDPE), Polypropylene, PVC and its copolymers, acetals,
PTFE, Condensation compounds: polyester – PMMA, PET, Alkyd, Epoxy resins,
Polyurethanes, Silicons, PF, UF, MF resins.
UNIT V - Description of Following Processing Methods

With principles involved and equipment used mixing and compounding,
extrusion, calendring, laminating, moulding – compression, transfer, injection
and blow moulding.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Bill Meyer, “Text Book of Polymer Science”, 3rd ed., John Wiley and
Sons, 1984.
2. J.A Bryson Newness – Butterwarths, “Plastic Materials”, London, 1989.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. J.H.Briston and C.C.Gosselin, “Introduction to Plastics”, Newnes,
London, 1968.
2. C.C Winding and G.D.Haitt, “Polymeric Materials”, Mc Graw Hill
Book,1961.
3. M.S.Bhatnagar, “A Text Book of Polymers”, 1st ed., S. Chand and
Company, New Delhi, 2007.

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
CH419 COLLOIDAL & INTERFACIAL SCIENCE

(ELECTIVE-IV)

Fundamental principles of colloid and interface science involved in disperse systems,
surfactants and their solution properties.
To understand the science and technology of colloids and interfacial
phenomena and processes often appeared in high value added products
and modern technologies.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
5. Mechanical
Course Outcomes: Aspects of Chemical equipment design and drawing of 1-2
shell and tube
Mathematical toolsheat
areexchanger.
indispensable to process modeling, analysis,
6. Mechanical
engineering designAspects of Chemical
and research. The equipment
objective ofdesign and drawing
the course of 2-4
is to introduce
shell and
a spectrum of tube heat
widely exchanger.
used mathematical methods in chemical engineering
7. Mechanical
useful Aspects ofcommonly
to solve problems Chemical encountered.
equipment design and drawing of Feed
forward evaporator.
UNITDrawing
8. I - BasicofConcepts ofcolumn
distillation Colloids byand Interfaces
using Mc - Cabe Thiele method
Introduction,
9. Drawing of Examples
distillation
of column
Interfacial
by using
Phenomena,
PonchonSolid-Fluid
- Savarit method
Interfaces,
Colloids.
10. Design of Adsorption Column
Properties
11. DesignofofColloid
Absorption
Dispersions:
Tower Introduction, Sedimentation under Gravity,
Sedimentation
12. Design of Batchin a Centrifugal
Reactor Field, Brownian Motion, Osmotic pressure,
Optical
13. Design
properties,
of CSTR. Electrical Properties, Rheological Properties of Colloid
Dispersions.
UNIT II - Surfactants and their Properties L T P To C
Introduction, Surfactants and their Properties, Emulsions and - Microemulsions,
- 3 3 2
foams.
CH423
Surface CHEMICAL
and Interfacial Tension:PROCESS
Introduction, SIMULATION LAB
Surface tension, Interfacial
Tension, Contact Angle and Wetting, Shape of the Surfaces and interfaces.
UNIT
To III - Surface
provide and Interfacial
experience Tension
and knowledge in chemical process simulation. the
Measurement
material covered of Surface
integrates andtheInterfacial Tension, in
use of simulation Measurement
the followingofsubjects:
Contact
Angle; Intermolecular
material and Surface
and energy balances, Forces:
heat and Introduction, Vanderwalls
mass transfer, Forces.
thermodynamics,
Intermolecular and
multicomponent Surface Forces:
vapor-liquid Electrostatic
equilibrium, double layer force, The DLVO
and others.
theory, Non-DLVO forces.
Course Outcomes:
UNIT1.IVThe
- Adsorption at Interfaces
course provides a sound practical knowledge about chemical
Introduction,
process Themodeling,
Gibbs Dividing surface, Gibbs Adsorption Equation,
Simulation.
Langmuir and Frumkin
2. Students will beAdsorption
able to Isotherms,
design of Surface
various Equation
chemicalofengineering
state(EOS),
Effect of equipments.
Salt on Adsorption of Surfactants.
3. Students will be able to gaining experience in simulation packages.
List of Experiments
UNITSimulation
1. V - Adsorption at Interfaces
of gravity flow tank system
Adsorption
2. Simulation
Isotherms
of three
incorporating
constant holdup
the Electrostatic
CSTRs in series
Effects, Calculation of
Free Simulation
3. energy of Adsorption,
of three variable
Adsorption
holdup
of inorganic
CSTRs salts
in series
at interfaces, Dynamics
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
4. Bubble point calculations

5. Dew point calculations
6. Simulation of double pipe heat exchanger
7. Simulation of interacting two tank liquid level systems
8. Simulation of non – interacting two tank liquid level system
9. Simulation of non isothermal CSTR
10. Simulation of binary distillation column
11. Simulation of isothermal batch reactor
12. Simulation of cone shaped tank
TEXT BOOKS
1. William L. Luyben, “Process Modeling, Simulation and Control for
Chemical Engineers”, 2 nd ed., McGraw - Hill International, 1990.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY

L T P To C
- - 3 3 2
CH449 INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL

ENGINEERING LAB

To determine the oxygen levels, Biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen
demand in municipal ground sewage and industrial effluent waters.
To determine the dissolved suspended solids fixed and volatile solids in the
give sample of water.
To determine the optimum amount of coagulant and alums required for
municipal sewage and industrial affluent water.
Course Outcomes:
The course will enable students to interpret the process of Industrial pollution
control through consideration of appropriate experiments, to gain enough
knowledge to handle equipments besides kindling their interest towards
carrying out R & D activities.
List of Experiments
1. Water Analysis
2. Neutralization of acids by titration
3. Neutralization of bases by titration
4. Absorption of color
5. Adsorption of phenol
6. Adsorption of gaseous pollutants
7. Toxic metal analysis
8. Filtration of suspended solids
9. Flocculation
10. Settling, particulate matter collection
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
IV Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. II- Semester

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
CH402 TECHNOLOGY OF PHARMACEUTICALS

AND FINE CHEMICALS
(ELECTIVE-V)

This course focuses on preparation, properties, manufacturing and testing of
various Pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals
Course Outcomes:
1. Explore the design, development, manufacture, and evaluation of
traditional and novel drug delivery systems
2. Emphasize practical solutions and applications to theoretical and
research-based problems.
3. Know the manufacturing and testing procedures of various
pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
4. Acquire knowledge in tablet making, coating and sterilization.
UNIT I - Introduction to Pharmaceuticals

A brief outline of grades of chemicals, sources of impurities in chemicals,
principles (without going into details of individual chemicals) of limit test for
arsenic, lead, iron, chloride and sulfate in Pharmaceuticals. Outlines of
Preparation, properties, uses and testing of the following Pharmaceuticals -
sulfacetamide, paracetamol, riboflavin, nicotinamide.
UNIT II - Preparation & Properties

Outlines of Preparation, properties, uses and testing of the following fine
chemicals - Methyl orange, fluorescence, procaine hydrochloride, paramino
salicylic acid, isonicatinic acid hydrazide. Manufacture with flowsheets,
properties uses and testing of the following Pharmaceuticals – aspirin,
penicillin, calcium gluconate,
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
UNIT III - Manufacturing & Testing

Manufacturing procedures with flowsheets, properties, uses and testing of
the following - ferric ammonium citrate, pthallic anhydride and phenol
flourobenzene process and benzene sulfate process, other processes in
outline only.
UNIT IV-Tablet Making and Coating

Tablet making and coating, granulation equipments, Preparation of capsules,
extraction of crude drugs.
UNIT V - Sterilization
Sterilization: introduction, risk factor, methods of sterilization, heat (dry and
moist), heating with bactericide, filtration, gaseous sterilization and radiation
sterilization, suitable example to be discussed.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Remington’s, “Pharmaceutical Science”, 13th ed., Mac Publishing
Company,1965.
2. Blently and Driver, “Text Book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry” 8th ed.,
Oxford University Press, London, 1960.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. H A Rawlins, B Tindell and Box Blently’s,”Text Book of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry”, 8th ed., OU Press, London, 1977.
2. Faith, Kayes and Clark, “Industrial Chemicals”, John Wiley & Sons,
3rd ed., 1965.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
CH404 MINERAL PROCESS ENGINEERING

(ELECTIVE-V)

To provide a possibility to understand mineral processes for ores, industrial
minerals, recycling products and mineral fuels (coal and peat).
Course Outcomes:
1. Analyze and interpret raw field data in order to design structures in
fractured rock masses using various methods (mapping surface and
underground exposures; drilling, i.e. manual core logging and
geophysical logging, etc.).
2. Design basic surface and underground structures in rock for mining
and heavy civil applications (i.e. slope, underground openings, tunnels,
stopes, shafts, etc).
3. Assess the life cycle of a mineral project from exploration to
decommissioning and final closure.
4. Apply basic understanding of soil mechanics in order to discern whether
a design problem requires more comprehensive understanding.
5. Determine the economic feasibility of a rock engineering design.
6. Determine environmental factors that impact on a rock engineering
design.
7. Assess social, cultural, political and legal impact of a rock engineering
design.
UNIT I - Characterization & Properties of the important minerals

Names, compositions and properties of the important minerals of common
metals like iron, copper, lead, zinc, tin, chromium, aluminum, manganese,
gold, silver, uranium, thorium, titanium, zirconium etc.
UNIT II - Cut off, average and concentrate grades of each ore
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
Similar information about industrial minerals like calcite, silimanite,

phosphate, granite, dolomite, magnesite, Ilmenite, rutile, zircon, garnet,
monazite, pyrite, quartz, feldspar etc.
UNIT III -Beneficiation circuits for hematite and magnetite iron ores
Dry and wet processes – their scopes and limitations. Pulp densities at
different stages of wet operations. Estimation of water requirements and
pumping loads.
UNIT IV - Beneficiation circuits for lead, zinc and copper ores

Optimization of the grinding process for liberation of the minerals and
minimization of slime loss. Scope and limitations of regrinding circuits.
UNIT V - Concentration, concentrate up gradation and separation

processes for beach sand minerals
Effects of repeated cleaner operations on grades and recoveries. Overview
of the beneficiation circuits of ores of gold, tin, manganese and other metals
Overview of the beneficiation of lime stone, graphite and other industrial
minerals
TEXT BOOKS
1. A.F.Taggart “ Elements of Mineral Dressing” John Wiley and Sons, 1956.
2. Barty A. Wills and Tim Napier Munn “Mineral Processing Technology”
Elsevier Publishers, 2006.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. A.F.Taggart “Handbook of Mineral Dressing “ John Wiley and Sons, New
York. 1956.
2. A.Gupta and D.S.Yan,” Mineral Processing Design and Operation”
Elsevier 2006.
3. T.Simon “Ore Dressing Principles and Practice” McGraw Hill Co., 1924.
4. S.J.Truscott , “Ore Dressing” ,London Macmillan. 1923.
6. Handbook of Ore Dressing by A.W.Allen – McGraw Hill Co., 1920.
7. Complete Technology Book on Mineral Processing by NPSC Board –
Asia Pacific Business Press 2008.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
CH 406 FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

(ELECTIVE-V)

To impart knowledge to the students about food processing and various
unit operations involved in it, packaging, storing and preservation, food
poisoning, food related hazards and safety, and transportation.
Course Outcomes:
1. Outline the process of red and white meat slaughter, explain meat
structure and inspect meat quality parameters
2. Process manufactured meat products to produce variety of animal
food products.
3. Identify the areas of concern in the processing of meat products, in
relation to process control, undesirable microbes and export
4. Explain the requirements for meat export and chemical and
physiological structure of meat.
5. Demonstrate processing techniques used to produce a variety of
milk products.
UNIT I - Fundamentals of Food Process Engineering

Application of Quantitative methods of Material & Energy Balances in Food
Engineering Practices. Constituents of Food, Quality and Nutritive aspects,
Food Adulterations, Deteriorative factors and Control
UNIT II - Fluid Flow, Thermal Process Calculations

Refrigeration, Evaporation and Dehydration operations in Food Processing
UNIT III - Fundamentals of Food Canning Technology

Heat Sterilization of Canned food , Containers – metal, Glass and Flexible
packaging . Canning Procedures for Fruits, Vegetables, Meat, Poultry, marine
Products.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
UNIT IV - Food Preservation

Preservation by Heat and Cold, Dehydration, Concentration, Drying, Irradiation,
Microwave heating, Sterilization and Pasteurization, Fermentation and
Pickling, Packaging Methods.
UNIT V- Food Products

Cereal Grains, Pulses, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Fats and Oils, Bakery,
Confectionary and Chocolate Products, Soft and Alcoholic Beverages, Dairy
Products , Meat , Poultry and Fish Products.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Norman N.Potler Joseph .H. Hotchk’ss, “ Food Science” 5 th Edition,
CBS Publishers & Distributors India, 1987.
2. Owen .R.Fennema, “Principles of Food Science Part I & II”, Marcel
Dekker Inc New York, 1976.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Heid, J.L., Joslyn M.A, Fundamentals of Food Processing Operation,
3rd Edition, The AVI Publishing Co., Westport,1967.
2. Heldman, D.R., Food Process Engineering, 2 nd Edition, The AVI
Publishing Co.,1965
IV Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. II - Semester

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
CH 408 NANO TECHNOLOGY

(ELECTIVE-VI)

The course deals about various types of nano materials and their importance.
It includes the study of Nanotechnology,nano science, nano products,etc.
Course Outcomes:
1. Understand and apply basic concepts of nanotechnology and
nanoscience.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
2. Understand the different nano-materials along with their

characterization.
3. Understand the applications of nanomaterials in Chemical
Engineering
UNIT I - Supramolecular Chemistry

Definition and examples of the main intermolecular forces used in
supramolecular chemistry. Self-assembly processes in organic systems.
Main supramolecular structures.
UNIT II - Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials.

Students will be exposed to the very basics of nanomaterials; A series of
nanomaterials that exhibit unique properties will be introduced.
UNIT III - Methods of Synthesis of Nanometerials.

Equipment and processes needed to fabricate nanodevices and structures
such as bio-chips, power devices, and opto-electronic structures. Bottom-up
(building from molecular level) and top-down (breakdown of microcrystalline
materials) approaches.
UNIT IV - Biologically-Inspired Nanotechnology

Basic biological concepts and principles that may lead to the development of
technologies for nanoengineering systems. molecular nanoscale engineered
devices, nanoscale biotechnologies, nano products.
UNIT V - Instrumentation for Nanoscale Characterization

Instrumentation SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR for characterization of properties .Llimits
of each technique.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Jean-Marie Lehn. Supramolecular Chemistry, 1 st Edition, W iley
Publications, 1995.
2. Novailhat, Alain, Introduction to Nano technology, 2 nd Edition, Wiley
Publications, 2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Hovnyax G., Moore J., Tibbals J., Fundamental of Nanotechnology,
1st Edition, CRC Press.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
CH410 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN CHEMICAL

ENGINEERING
(ELECTIVE – VI)
Course Outcomes:
1. Understanding of fundamental mathematics and to solve problems
of algebraic and differential equations, simultaneous equation,
partial differential equations
2. Ability to convert problem solving strategies to procedural algorithms
and to write program structures
3. Ability to solve engineering problems using computational
techniques
4. Ability to assess reasonableness of solutions, and elect appropriate
levels of solution sophistication
Review on programming languages, basic, FORTRAN, Review on operation
system Commands, Numerical solution of first order differential equations
with initial conditions, Euler’s Method, Runge kutta method.
UNIT II - Spread Sheets

Application in density, molecular weight, mole and percentage compositions,
empirical and molecular formula calculations, heat of mixing, gas laws, vapor
pressure, chemical kinetics calculations.
UNIT III - Spread Sheets (Data Analysis)

Application in data processing, statistical analysis of data, regression analysis
of variance, interpolations, graphical representations, design and
development of single data bases on chemical and physical properties of
substances.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
UNIT IV - Numerical Methods

Roots of algebraic and transcendental equations, iterations methods,
regulafalsi method, Newton – raphson method, roots of simultaneous and
solution set of transcendental and algebraic equations, development of
equations for heat transfer, fluid mechanics and reaction Engineering
problems.
UNIT V - Mathematical Programming

Linear programming, transportation, assignment, dynamic programming in
chemical engineering, formulation and solution through PC based
programmes.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Leon Lapidas, “Digital Computation for Chemical Engineering”, 2nd
ed., MGH, 1962.
2. Jerry, O. Breneman GL., “Spread Sheet Chemistry”, PH, Englewood
Cliffs,1991.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Hanna OT Scandell O.C, “Computational Methods in Chemical
Engineering”, PH, 1995.
2. Taxali R. K. T. K, “ D Base IV Made Simple”, 1st ed.,TMH, 1991.

L T P To C
4 0 - 4 4
CH 412 FLUIDIZATION ENGINEERING

(ELECTIVE – VI)

Studying this subject the students will learn about the extraction and production
of oil and gas to meet energy needs, as well as refining of crude oil for a wide
spectrum of useful products, such as petrochemicals, Chemicals, Plastics.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
Course Outcomes:
1. Ability to estimate pressure drop, bubble size, TDH, voidage, heat
and mass transfer rates for the fluidized beds
2. Ability to write model equations for fluidized beds
3. Ability to design gas-solid fluidized bed reactors
UNIT I - Phenomenon of fluidization

Fluidization regimes; Types of fluidization operations; Typical industrial
applications of fluidized beds. Gross behaviour of fluidized beds.
UNIT II - Minimum fluidization velocity

Distributor and bubble formation; Bed voidage; Transport disengaging height
(TDH); Bulk viscosity, fluidity and power consumption. Bubble behaviour and
models of bubbling beds.
UNIT III - Flow Pattern

Gas and solid in fluidized bed and freeboard region. Heat and mass transfer
in fluidized bed. Entrainment and elutriation from fluidizeded.
.
UNIT IV - Residence time distribution and size distribution of solids in
fluidized bed. Circulating fluidized bed; Pneumatic transport of solids.
UNIT V - Design
Fluidized bed for physical operations, catalytic reactions and non-catalytic
reactions.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Kunii, D. and Levenspiel, O., “Fluidization Engineering”, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
2. Leva, M., “Fluidization”, McGraw-Hill Book Co.
3. Davidson, J.F. and Harrison, D., “Fluidized Particle”, Cambridge
University Press.
VFSTR UNIVERSITY
VFSTR UNIVERSITY

Dryer Design

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II Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. - I-Semester L T P To C

HS 213 PROBABILITY & STATISTICS

Course Description & Objectives:

UNIT II - Curve Fitting and Correlation, Regression

UNIT III - Probability

UNIT V - Sampling Methods

II Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. - I-Semester L T P To C

HS 223 PHYSICAL & ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Course Description and Objectives:

UNIT I - Distribution Law

UNIT III – Phase Rule

UNIT IV - Electro Analytical Methods

II Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. - I-Semester L T P To C

CH 215 MOMENTUM TRANSFER

Course Description & Objectives:

UNIT I - Fluid Statics & Fluid Phenomena

Fluid Statics: Nature of fluids, Hydrostatic equilibrium, Manometers, Decanters.

UNIT II - Flow of Incompressible Fluids

UNIT III - Flow of Compressible Fluids

UNIT IV - Flow Past Immersed Bodies

UNIT V - Transportation and Metering of Fluids

II Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. - I-Semester L T P To C

CH 217 CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATIONS

Course Description & Objectives:

3. A material – energy audit is hinted at several stages in this subject,

UNIT I - Stoichiometric Relations

UNIT II - Vapour Pressure

UNIT III - Material Balances

UNIT IV - Thermo Physics

UNIT V - Thermo Chemistry

II Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. - I-Semester L T P To C

HS 221 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

UNIT I - Reaction Intermediates

UNIT II - Types of Organic Reactions

reactions, Reimer - Tiemann reaction, Beckmann rearrangement.

UNIT IV - Stereo Chemistry

UNIT V - Heterocyclic compounds

2. Somendra Nadh Sanyal, “Named Reactions, Rearrangements and

II Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. - I-Semester L T P To C

HS 205 PHYSICAL & ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LAB

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LAB

6. Determination of critical solution temperature for phenol water system.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LAB

II Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. - I-Semester L T P To C

CH 205 MOMENTUM TRANSFER LAB

Course Description & Objectives:

3 Measurement of flowing fluid using Venturi Meter

4. Measurement of flowing fluid using Orifice Meter

5. Measurement of flowing fluid using Pitot Tube

6. Measurement of flowing fluid using Rotameter

7. Determination of Friction loss in fluid flow through pipes

8. Determination of Pressure drop in packed bed

9. Determination of Pressure drop in fluidized bed

10. Characteristics of single stage centrifugal pump

11. Characteristics of multistage centrifugal pump

12. Characteristics of Reciprocating pump

13. Coefficient of discharge in V – notch

II Year B.Tech. Chemical Engg. - I-Semester L T P To C

HS 217 SOFT SKILLS LAB

Course Description & Objectives:

UNIT I - Personality Development Skills

UNIT II - Language Skills