JHU – Engineering for Professional

Prestressed Concrete Design

Homework Sheet Homework: 3

Instructor Carol Hayek

Problem1:

A beam with cantilevers on both sides is subject to its own weight plus a uniform live load of
80psf and a concentrated live load at beam ends of 750lb as shown in figure below.

Solve the problem using the following assumptions”

- Min center of gravity of all strands top and bottom is 3in from extreme fiber
- fpu = 270 ksi; fpe= 175 ksi;  = 0.9
- Strand area = 0.153in2
- f’c = 5000psi, f’ci = 4000psi

a) Calculate the section properties at sections A, B and D

b) Calculate the self-weight load and convert the uniformly applied live load to linear
load in lb/ft
c) Determine the allowable stresses for transfer, sustained and service per ACI 318-11
based on the concrete compressive f’ci and f’c
d) Determine the prestressing force per strand at transfer Fpi and final effective Fpe.
Prestressing Force Fi (transfer) = Fi /η
e) Determine the required value of the prestressing force to be used throughout the
length of the beam (i.e. determine the optimal force F at sections A and B, and select
the largest value; then use that over the length of the beam). Force selected should
be an integer based on rounding up the number of strands. If F obtained is negative
at any section, it means prestressing is not required.
f) Assume the number of strands is 4, verify that top and bottom at transfer,
sustained, and service stresses at sections A, B and D are within allowable limits.
Show hand calculations for sections A and B. For the other calculations, build your
own excel sheet or any other tool to get the results. This automation can be useful
later in the course to avoid lengthy hand calculations.
g) Calculate the cracking moment Mcr at section B; which Class is the beam designed
to; explain.
Hints:
- Select the appropriate moment values given below for transfer and service load
combinations. Minimum moment should be based on self-weight only. For service,
maximum moment at each section should be based on the load pattern that yields
the highest moment at that section separately.
 a)

b)

c) With f’c=5ksi, and f’ci = 4ksi

Allow. Allow
XCondition Symbol
Factors stress ksi
Sustained comp f́ sus= X.f'c 0.45 2.25
Service comp f́ cs= X.f'c 0.6 3.00
f́ ts=
Service tens X.sqrt(f'c) 7.50 -0.53
f́ t i=
Transfer tens X.sqrt(f'c) 3.00 -0.19
Transfer comp f́ ci=X.f'ci 0.6 2.40

d) Final effective force per strand Fpe = 175 x 0.153 = 26.78 kip
Force per strand at transfer Fpi = Fpe/0.9 = 29.75 kip

e) For an optimal design we always start by putting the strands as low as possible in the
section based on cover requirement. In this case, the minimum achievable CGS of total
strands is given as 3in top and bottom.

Check of prestressing force required at support point A with

- Critical stress is at service top fiber
- Mmin (Mtransfer) = -131.25 k.in
- Msus = -131.25 k.in
- Mmax (Mservice) = -365.25 k.in
 - Eccentricity at support e0 = -(6.357-3) = -3.357in

F≥ ( )
f́ ts−M max /Z t −530 /1000+ 365.25/1224.35
1/ A c −e 0 /Z t
=
1 /210+ 3.357/1224.35
=−30.9 kip

This means prestressing is not needed, the tension due to service moment is smaller
than the allowable tension stress, and section is uncracked.

Check of prestressing force required at midspan point B with

- Critical stress is at service bottom fiber
- Mmin (Mtransfer) = 689.06 k.in
- Msus = 689.06 k.in
- Mmax (Mservice) = 1589.06 k.in
- Eccentricity at midspan e 0 = 13.643-3 = 10.643in

F≥ ( )
f́ ts + M max /Z b −530/1000+1589.06/570.49
1/ A c + e 0 /Z b
=
1/210+10.643/570.49
=96.31 kip

 Section B controls and the required force is 96.31kip

Final effective force per strand Fpe = 26.78 kip

Number of strands = 96.3/26.78 = 3.6  Use 4 strands with F = 107.1 kip

So 4 strands OK.

f) Fi = 4 * 29.75 = 119 kip

Actual stresses at A are equal to:

Top service
F(1 / A c −e 0 ¿ Z t )+ M max /Z t =107.1(1/210+ 3.357/1224.35)−365.25/ 1224.35=0.56 ksi
0.51 ksi ≥ f́ ts
Bottom service
F(1 / A c + e0 ¿ Z b )−M max / Z b=107.1(1 /210−3.357/570.09)+ 365.25/570.09=0.51 ksi
0.52 ksi ≥ f́ cs

Top transfer
Fi (1 / A c −e 0 ¿ Z t )+ M min / Z t=119(1/ 210+3.357 /1224.35)−131.25 /1224.35=0.56 ksi
0.79 ksi ≥ f́ ti
Bottom transfer
Fi (1 / A c + e0 ¿ Z b )−M min /Z b=119 (1/210−3.357 /570.09)+131.25/570.09=0.51 ksi
0.1 ksi ≥ f́ ci

Actual bottom service stress at B is equal to:

 F(1 / A c + e0 ¿ Z b )−M max / Z b=114.75 (1/ 210+10.643/570.49)−1589.06/570.49=−0.10 ksi
−0.28 ksi≥ f́ ts

Same calculations can be done for top and bottom stresses at transfer and service for any
section.
At D the calculation is based on:
- 4 strands and maximum eccentricity of e 0 = 0inch
- Mmin = Mmax = 0

Section Units A B C D E F
Suppor Suppor Suppor
Condition - In-span Support In-span
t t t
Ecc (CGS) in -3.4 10.6 -3.4 0.0
M Transfer k.in -131.25 689.06 -131.25 0
M Sustained k.in -131.25 689.06 -131.25 0
1589.0
M Service k.in -365.25 -365.25 0
6
2266.8
M ulitmate k.in -531.9 -531.9 0
7
Prestress Stresses
Tot PT Service top ksi 0.80 -0.42 0.80 0.51
Tot PT Service bot ksi -0.12 2.51 -0.12 0.51
Tot PT Trans top ksi 0.89 -0.47 0.89 0.57
Tot PT Trans bot ksi -0.13 2.79 -0.13 0.57
Service Stresses
Sustained ksi 0.11 0.14 0.11 0.51
Sus Allowable ksi OK OK OK OK
Service top ksi 0.51 0.88 0.51 0.51
Allowable ksi OK OK OK OK
Service bot ksi 0.52 -0.28 0.52 0.51
Allowable ksi OK OK OK OK
Transfer top ksi 0.79 0.10 0.79 0.57
Allowable ksi OK OK OK OK
Transfer bot ksi 0.10 1.58 0.10 0.57
Allowable ksi OK OK OK OK
M cracking
Mcr top k.in -1633.3 -133.9 -1633.3 -1273.7
Mcr bot k.in 234.0 1733.4 234.0 593.5

g) Calculation for Mcr at midspan bottom

M cr =(F / A c + Fe ¿ Z b−f r )Z b
¿(107.1/210+107.1∗10.643/570.49+ 0.53)∗570.49
¿ 1733.4 k .∈¿

The section is uncracked Class U. This can be determined in 2 ways either by:
- comparing the maximum applied service moment Mmax < Mcr
 - since the tension stress is less than allowable code limit 7.5 sqrt(f’c)

X
You can change the eccentricity in your excel sheet and check the results to make sure the
formulas used are correct