Ques 1: - What are major and minor numbers in Linux ?

Ans: - When accessing a device file, the major number selects which device driver is being
called to perform the input/output operation. This call is being done with the minor number as a
parameter and it is entirely up to the driver how the minor number is being interpreted.

e.g : # ls -l /dev/sda

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 root 9 07:56 /dev/sda

Here , 8 is the device number and 0 is the minor device number.

Ques 2: - What is Nested virtualization & How to enable this in KVM ?

Ans: - Nested virtualization refers to running virtual machines (VMs) inside other VMs, usually
for testing purposes.

To enable nested Virtualization , set this kernel module “kvm-intel.nested=1”

Ques 3: - What is Shorewall?

Ans:Shorewall is a opensource gateway/firewall configuration tool for Linux. Shorewall, is

high-level tool for configuring Netfilter. We describe our firewall/gateway requirements using
entries in a set of configuration files. Shorewall reads those configuration files and with the help
of the iptables, iptables-restore, ip and tc utilities, Shorewall configures Netfilter and the Linux
networking subsystem to match our requirements. Shorewall can be used on a dedicated firewall
system, a multi-function gateway/router/server or on a standalone GNU/Linux system.

Ques 4: - What are SRV record in DNS ?

Ans: - A Service record (SRV record) is a specification of data in the Domain Name System
defining the location, i.e. the hostname and port number, of servers for specified services.

An SRV record has the form:

_service._proto.name TTL class SRV priority weight port target

 service: the symbolic name of the desired service.

 proto: the transport protocol of the desired service; this is usually either TCP or UDP.
 name: the domain name for which this record is valid.
 TTL: standard DNS time to live field.
 class: standard DNS class field (this is always IN).
 priority: the priority of the target host, lower value means more preferred.
 weight: A relative weight for records with the same priority.
 port: the TCP or UDP port on which the service is to be found.
 target: the canonical hostname of the machine providing the service.

An example SRV record in textual form that might be found in a zone file might be the
following:

_sip._tcp.example.com. 86400 IN SRV 0 5 5060 sipserver.example.com.

Ques 5: - What is NAT ?

Ans:Network Address Translation(NAT) generally involves re-writing the source and/or

destination addresses of IP packets as they pass through a firewall.There are two two types of
natting

i) DNAT
ii) SNAT