AKARSANA KUMAR S11132245

BI309: COMPARATIVE ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY

TOAD’S CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY

Objective

- To monitor the mechanical and electrical activity of the toad’s heart.

- Familiarize with the computer assisted software and force transducer.
- To be able to dissect the toad for heart preparation
- Learn to perform in vivo preparation
- Observe how interventions such as temperature and chemical affect the way heart
performs.

Introduction

The cardiovascular system is an efficient transport mechanism faster than diffusion. In

cardiovascular system is the heart, a muscle pump that drives the flow of blood through blood
vessels. Unlike a human heart, a toad heart only contains three chambers, two atria and a
ventricle. Toad’s also have sinus venosus, which is large cavity incorporated into the wall of the
right atrium. Blood returns to the sinus venous from the body via two anterior and posterior
vena cava, then drains into the right atrium and empties into the ventricle. The ventricle then
pumps the blood into the pulmonary arteries, which returns from the lungs through pulmonary
vein to the left atrium and empties into the ventricle. Heart beat originates in the muscle cells
and is regulated by the hormones.

The purpose of this experiment is to monitor the activity of the toad’s heart as it was subjected
to various levels of temperature, stretch, and drug treatment. I predict that as the temperature
of the Ringer’s solution is increased, heart rate will increase. The drugs that will be used in this
experiment adrenaline, acetylchlorine and atrophine; I further predicted that the heart rate will
increase after administering adrenaline and atrophine to the toad’s heart, while acetylchlorine
will decrease the heart rate.

Materials and Method: as per lab handout

Results
Normal Tracing

normal graph
2 2/27/2018 10:47:09.526 AM
(mV)

1
0
-1
-2
20 21 22 23 24 25
2

Heart beat rate (BPM)

8 beats : 5 secs

X : 60 secs

X = 96 BPM

One beat-Cardiac Cycle

2 2/27/2018 10:47:10.846 AM
(mV)

1
0
-1
-2
21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8

VENTRICLE AND ATRIA CONTRACTION

A Auricular contraction (sec)

B Auricular relaxation (sec)

C Ventricular contraction (sec)

D Ventricular relaxation (sec)

Effect of temperature

10 degree

Document1

2/27/2018 10:52:53.509 AM
2

1
diviya (mV)

0
10 degree

-1

-2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3

35 degree

Document1

2/27/2018 10:54:44.959 AM
2

1
diviya (mV)

0
35 degree

-1

-2
1:54 1:56 1:58 2:00 2:02 2:04 2:06
5

Cold
Chemicals

Aderaline

Document1

2/27/2018 10:55:39.299 AM
2

1
diviya (mV)

0
aderaline

aderaline
-1

-2
2:48 2:49 2:50 2:51 2:52 2:53 2:54 2:55
8 9

ACY

Document1

2/27/2018 10:56:19.499 AM
2

1
diviya (mV)

-1
Acy

-2
3:28 3:29 3:30 3:31 3:32 3:33 3:34 3:35 3:36 3:37 3:38
12

Atropine
 Document1

2/27/2018 10:57:28.069 AM
2

1
diviya (mV)

-1
Atropine

-2
4:36.5 4:37 4:37.5 4:38 4:38.5 4:39 4:39.5 4:40 4:40.5 4:41 4:41.5 4:42
15

Aderaline

Document1

2/27/2018 10:58:04.399 AM
2

1
diviya (mV)

-1
Aeraline

-2
5:13 5:14 5:15 5:16 5:17 5:18 5:19
16
ACH

Document1

2/27/2018 10:58:52.878 AM
2

1
diviya (mV)

-1
ACH

-2
19 19.5 20 20.5 21 21.5 22 22.5 23
18

KCl

Document1

2/27/2018 10:59:42.478 AM
2

1
diviya (mV)

-1
KCl

-2
1:08.5 1:09 1:09.5 1:10 1:10.5 1:11 1:11.5 1:12 1:12.5
20
Discussion