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alpha carbon ADJACENT to carboxylic acid carbon
alpha carbon connected to:
o NH2 – amino
o COOH – carboxylic acid
o H
o R group: determines properties
Alpha carbon CHIRAL except glycine
o (S) absolute configuration except cysteine (R)
synthesized by ribosomes
Hydrolysis
o Performed by trypsin and chymotrypsin
o Chymotrypsin cleaves @ COOH end of P, W, Y (chymo rhymes w/ aro)
MCAT BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW
o Beta-pleated sheets – parallel vs antiparallel; pleated shape
Peptide chains forms rows held together by H bonding b/w carbonyl O
and amide H in adjacent chain
Fibroin- primary protein of silk fibers
o Proline introduces kink in b-pleated sheets, found in turns b/w chains of b-
pleated sheet, found @ start of a-helix
Not typically found in middle of these
1.6 Denaturation
Denaturation- protein loses 3D structure, often irreversible, caused by heat and solutes
o Caused by 1. Heat – increased motion
o 2. Solutes - urea – break disulfide bridges, overcome H bonding
CH. 2: ENZYMES
Enzymes- biological catalysts
catalysts- only lower ACTIVATION ENERGY required for rxn to proceed
o pH and temp sensitive
o specific to rxn