1.

Buffer tank with internal piping

2. Emergency Cooling tank Internal piping

Buffer vessel design

Capacity of tank is 7.5 m3
Quantity – 8 nos. (4 in Dubai and 4 in Abu Dhabi)
1. Buffer vessel can be up to 3.6m tall, there will also be 0.5m tall legs and a 0.1m plinth –
overall construction height will therefore be 4.2m. Section attached.
2. Please refer to SOO sketches; it gives good explanations how the buffer vessel will
work at different scenarios.
3. The vessel need to have good aspect ratio (L/D) to maintain stratification during
charging and discharging.
4. Internal piping perforations shall be calculated to ensure a low velocity during
charging and discharging at peak flow.
5. The perforations for the upper internal piping are better done at the lower half
circumference of the pipe, while the perforations for the lower internal piping are
better done at the upper half circumference of the pipe.
6. Must maintain good temperature stratification during charging and discharging at
peak flow. Manufacturer to provide calculations and details how this is achieved.
Reference to international standards is needed, or studies made for similar
applications.
7. Max. flow in the buffer vessels = total primary flow / 2. This happens when one valve /
pipe section is been replaced in the main chillers ring.
8. Normal operation flow in the buffer vessels = total primary flow / 4.
9. Occasional operation flow in the buffer vessels = total primary flow / 3. This happens
when one buffer vessel is isolated for cleaning or maintenance
10. Need to advise the pressure drop at each operation scenario. Worse case if for full
bypass (e.g. free cooling mode).
11. The buffer tanks require stratification and will act as small TES vessels / decoupler /
buffer tank. Please note the main function of these is to act as de-coupler between
primary and secondary circuits (hence the bypass perforated pipe) and also to
discharge cold water during two chillers change over.
12. The max. design flowrates are 87.02*3/4 = 65.26 l/s (normal) or 87.02*3/2 = 130.53 l/s
(emergency), but please design it to 65.26 l/s and validate performance to 130.53 l/s.

Emergency Cooling tank Internal piping

Number of tanks – 4 nos. (2 in Dubai and 2 in Abu Dhabi)

1. Utility building basement level and ground floor drawings attached (AutoCAD 2010
version), inlet and outlet locations are shown. Note that the direction of water flow in
these section of pipework will differ depending on the operation of the tank as shown
in the image below. Also note the location of tank access hatches, these will need to
be considered when designing the internal pipework distribution to ensure it does not
obstruct access into the tank.
2. See attached pump schedule which includes the flow rates associated with tank
charging and discharging.
3. Please note below information for each emergency cooling tank:
Area in = 78.51 m2
Water Volume in m3 – Fully filled with water = 78.51 * 3.75 = 294.41 m3
4. Design of internal piping expected however, the connection of supply & return pipes
will be at the top of the tank as indicated in the attached drawings.

5. Refer to SOO sketches; it gives good explanations how the buffer vessel will work at
different scenarios.
6. The emergency cooling tank is actually a thermal storage tank, but pressurized one
(closed), hence all design performance requirements of the thermal storage tank
must be complied with.
7. Internal piping is very critical and must be designed to maintain good temperature
stratification during charging and discharging modes at design flow rates.
Thermocline behaviour must be demonstrated by the specialist designer.
Manufacturer to provide calculations and details how this is achieved. Reference to
international standards is needed, or studies made for similar applications.
8. Feeding and discharging piping shall be designed to ensure a low velocity during
charging and discharging at peak flow.
9. Must examine performance at Max and Min flowrates for both charging and
discharging modes.
10. Need to advise the pressure drop of the internal piping at each operation scenario.
11. Internal piping material can be SS, Carbon steel, HDPE etc., and only criteria to be
that it should suit the application
12. Design to be validated with calculations, standards reference, analysis to prove the
performance prior to installation / approval.