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Contraindicaciones
Hipersensibilidad
Precauciones
Dosis y usos
Adultos
• tableta
• 75 mg
• 150 mg
• 300 mg
Hipertensión
• 75-300 mg / día PO
Modificaciones de dosis
Consideraciones de dosificación
Pediátrico
tableta
• 75 mg
• 150 mg
• 300 mg
Hipertensión
RAM’s
> 10%
• Hiperkalemia (19%)
1-10%
• Mareos (10%)
• Fatiga (4%)
• Diarrea (3%)
• Dispepsia (2%)
EMBARAZO
Embarazo y lactancia
Categorías de embarazo
B: Puede ser aceptable. O bien los estudios en animales no muestran ningún riesgo, pero los
estudios en humanos no están disponibles o los estudios en animales mostraron riesgos
menores y se realizaron estudios en humanos y no mostraron ningún riesgo.
C: Use con precaución si los beneficios superan los riesgos. Los estudios en animales muestran
estudios de riesgo y en humanos no disponibles o no se realizaron estudios en animales ni
humanos.
D: Úselo en emergencias que PONEN EN PELIGRO la VIDA cuando no hay un medicamento más
seguro disponible. Evidencia positiva de riesgo fetal humano.
X: no usar en el embarazo Los riesgos involucrados superan los beneficios potenciales. Existen
alternativas más seguras.
Farmacología
Mecanismo de acción
Bloqueador del receptor de angiotensina II; inhibe los efectos vasoconstrictores y secretores de
aldosterona de la angiotensina II
Absorción
Biodisponibilidad: 60-80%
Duración: 24 h
Tiempo máximo de plasma: 1.5-2 h
Distribución
Vd: 53-93 L
Metabolismo
Eliminación
LOSARTÁN
tablet
25mg
50mg
100mg
Hypertension
50 mg/day PO (25 mg/day in patients with possible intravascular depletion or receiving diuretics)
Diabetic Nephropathy
50 mg PO qDay initially; may increase to 100 mg PO qDay; may use in combination with a thiazide
diuretic
Dosing Considerations
Hypertension
≥6 years: 0.7 mg/kg/day (up to 50 mg/day) PO initially; not to exceed 1.4 mg/kg/day (or
100 mg/day)
Adverse Effects
>10%
Fatigue (14%)
Hypoglycemia (14%)
Anemia (14%)
Urinary tract infection (UTI) (13%)
Chest pain (12%)
Weakness (14%)
Diarrhea (2-15%)
Cough; incidence higher in previous cough related to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitor therapy (3-11%)
1-10%
Upper respiratory tract infection (8%)
Hypotension (7%)
Dizziness (4%)
Cellulitis (7%)
Gastritis (5%)
Nausea (2%)
Frequency Not Defined
Angioedema
Edema/swelling
Hypotension in hypovolemic or diuretic-using patients
Asthenia
Headache
Malaise
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Hyperkalemia
Back pain
Worsening renal failure
Warnings
Black Box Warnings
Discontinue as soon as possible when pregnancy is detected; drug affects renin-
angiotensin system, causing oligohydramnios, which may result in fetal injury or death
(see Pregnancy & Lactation)
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity
Coadministration with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus
Cautions
Angioedema, volume-depletion, severe congestive heart failure (CHF), hepatic or renal
impairment
Correct volume or salt depletion prior to administration
Increases risks of hypotension; hyperkalemia
Monitor renal function and potassium in susceptible patients
Discontinue immediately if patient is pregnant; potential risk of congenital malformations
Use with caution in renal artery stenosis; avoid in bilateral renal artery stenosis
Renal impairment reported
Increased heart failure-related morbidity in patients receiving ACE inhibitors and beta blockers
concomitantly; such combination therapy is not recommended
Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (ie, an angiotensin-receptor blocker
[ARB] plus an ACE inhibitor) in patients with established atherosclerotic disease, heart failure,
or diabetes with end-organ damage is associated with a higher frequency of hypotension,
syncope, hyperkalemia, and altered renal function (including acute renal failure) in comparison
with use of a single renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system agent; limit dual blockade to
individually defined cases with close monitoring of renal function; closely monitor blood
pressure
Risk of anaphylactic reactions or angioedema
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Absorption
Bioavailability: 25%
Onset: 6 hr
Duration: 24 hr
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
Half-life: Losartan, 1.5-2 hr; E-3174, 6-9 hr; increased in end-stage renal failure or CHF
ENALAPRIL
Mechanism of Action
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors dilate arteries and veins by competively
inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a potent endogenous
vasoconstrictor) and by inhibiting bradykinin metabolism; these actions result in preload and
afterload reductions on the heart
ACE inhibitors also promote sodium and water excretion by inhibiting angiotensin-II induced
aldosterone secretion; elevation in potassium may also be observed
ACE inhibitors also elicit renoprotective effects through vasodilation of renal arterioles
ACE inhibitors reduce cardiac and vascular remodeling associated with chronic hypertension,
heart failure, and myocardial infarction
Absorption
Bioavailability: 60%
Onset: 1 hr
Duration: 6 hr (IV), 12-24 hr (PO)
Peak plasma time: 15 min (IV), 1 hr (PO)
Distribution
Protein bound: 50-60%
Metabolism
Liver (70%); enalapril undergoes hepatic biotransformation to enalaprilat within 4 hr following
oral administration
Metabolites: Enalaprilat (active)
Initial response for HTN: 15 min (IV), 1 hr (PO)
Peak response for HTN: 1-4 hr (IV), 4-6 hr (PO)
Elimination
Half-life elimination: 2 hr (parent drug), 35-38 hr (active metabolite [enalaprilat])
Dialyzable: Yes (hemodialysis)
Excretion: Urine (61%); feces (6% as enalapril, 27% as enalaprilat)