Chapter 19 Postprocessing 19.28 where: u = terminal voltage Under a sinusoidal current at an operating frequency «, the flux linkage will vary sinusoidally ay sin cot (19.6-12) where dm = ZerO-to-peak magnitude of the flux linkage The terminal voltge is therefore: u =U cos at (19.613) where: U_ = Win = zer0-to-peak magnitude of the terminal voltage (parameter VLTG returned by the macro) For 2-D planar analyses, the results are per unit depth, 19.6.6 TORQ2D and TORQC2D Macros The TORQ2D and TORQC2D macros make use of the Maxwell stress tensor (Coulomb(168)) to evaluate the torque on a body for a 2-D planar analysis. The torque integrand is evaluated at all points of a bourding surface about the body, and then summed to find the net torque on the body. The torque can be expressed as: t | [usr ~{n}) CIR} x {B}) - BE {IR} x np] (area) (19.6-14) where T = total torque on a body = permeability of the bounding region {B} = flux density vector {n} = unit normal vecter to the path {R} = position vector area = area of the bounding surface In 2-D planar analyses, the surface integral reduces to a line integral and the torque results are per unit depth. The macro TORQ2D requires a pre-specified path (LPATH command) to create the bounding surface. The bounding surface (or line path) should encompass the body for which the torque, adout the global origin, is to be calculated. In principle the bounding surface (line) is the surface of the body itself. However, in practice, it is common to place the path within the air domain surrounding the body. This is perfectly satisfactory and does not violate the principle of the Maxwell stress tensor since the air carries no current and has no magnetic properties different from free space. ANSYS Theory Reference .001242 . Eleventh Edition . SAS IP, Inc.®196 POST1—Electromagnetic Macros The macro TORQC2D is a specialized version of the TORQ2D macro, limited to a circular bounding surface (line) about the global origin. The macro creates its own path (LPATH) for evaluation. For the case of a circular path, equation (19.614) reduces to: Tek [ carton (IR) x {B})] d(area) (19.6-15) The macro TORQC2D makes use of equation (19.6-15) to evaluate torque. For both torque macros, flux density, B, is interpolated to the path and integrated according to equation (19.6-14) or (19.6-15) to obtain the torque on a body. 19.6.7 SENERGY Macro ‘The SENERGY macro calculates the stored energy and co-energy in a magnetic field. For the static or transient analysis, the stored magnetic energy is calculated as: B wef {H} - {dB} (19.6-16) a where W, = stored magnetic anergy The magnetic co-energy is calculated as: H {B} - {dH} (19.6-17) where W. = stored magnetic co-energy For permanent magnetic materials, the stored magnetic energy is calculated as: B = J (H) + {4B} (19.6-18) 3, where B, = residual induction and the co-energy as: ANSYS Theory Reference .001242 . Eleventh Edition . SAS IP, Inc.® 19-29Chapter 19 Postprocessing H We= fo + {dH} (19.6-19) o For time-harmonic analysis, the r.m.s. stored magnetic energy is calculated as: Wans = Re 4 J {B} + {Hy a(vol) (19.6-20) where Wms = fms. stored energy For 2-D planar analyses, the results are per unit depth. 19.6.8 EMAGERR Macro The EMAGERR macro calculates the relative error in an electrostatic or electromagnetic field analysis. The relative arror measure is based on the difference in calculated fields between a nodal—averaged continuous field representation and a discontinuous field represented by each individual element’s-nodal field values. An average error for each element is calculated. Within a material, the relative error is calculated as: Electrostatics Electric Field: E, | (19.6-21) where E, relative error for the electric field (magnitude) for element i nodal averaged electric field (magnitude) = electric field (magnitude) of element i at node j n= number of vertex nodes in element i -p, | (19.6-22) where D. relative eror for the electric flux density (magnitude) for element i ANSYS Theory Reference .001242 . Eleventh Edition . SAS IP, Inc.® 19-30