Chapter 19 Postprocessing 19-34 19.6.12 REFLCOEF Macro ‘The REFLCOEF macro calculates equivalent transmission-line parameters for a coax type guiding wave structure. For a lossless guiding structure, the total mode voltage, V(Z), and mode current, |(Z), associated with a +Z propagating field take on the form: V(Z) = AeB2 + Be iB2 (19.6-33) WZ = a eibZ _ B gipz (19.6-34) where: Z, = characteristic impedance for any mode A amplitude of the ncident voltage wave (see below) amplitude of the sackscattered voltage wave (see below) We can consider the propogating waves in terms on an equivalent two-wire transmission line terminated at Z = ¢ by a load impedance Zr —. “aA Zo z z=0 zeae Figure 19.6-1 Equivalent Two-Wire Transmission Line The voltage term “A” in equation (19.6-33) can be considered as the amplitude of the incident wave, and voltage term "B” as the amplitude of the mode voltage wave backscattered off the load impedance Zr Thus, Ae“iPE + Beibt Up = Uy ACT Be (19.6-35) Rearranging we have, Z, Zo) = 1 pa Ba Ze 2) (196-96) (Z, /Z) +1 where: T= voltage reflection coefficient (output as REFLC) ANSYS Theory Reference .001242 . Eleventh Edition . SAS IP, Inc.®196 POST1—Electromagnetic Macros The voltage standing-wave ratio is calculated as: (19.6-37) where; Ss voltage standing-wave ratio (output as VSWR) For a matched load (Z, = Z,) there is no reflection (I = 0) and the circuit, B =—A, ' =—1, and the Sis infinite. If Ze is an open circuit, B = A, T= +1, and the S once again is infinite If Ze is a short The reflection coefficient is frequently expressed in dB form by introducing the concept of return loss defined by: Ly = -20 logy IT! (19.6-38) where La = return loss in dB (output as RL) The macro calculates the above transmission line parameters in terms of the incident, reference and total voltage. Assuming a propagating distance ¢ from the input port, the total voltage (Viot |e) is calculated by a path integral using the emf macro from the calculated harmonic solution. The path for the line integral must start from the inner conductor and extend to the outer conductor at the propagation distance ¢. The most common calculation will occur for a distance ¢ = 0. In this case the reflection coefficient is calculated at the excited port. Outer conductor Inner conductor Input port Path for line integral (emt calculation) Figure 19.6-2 Coaxial Cable Diagram The total voltage at Z = € can be expressed in terms of the incident voltage (Vin) and the reflected voltage (Vret1) Vale = Visle + Veonle (19.6-39) The incident voltage at the propagating distance ¢ from the input port is calculated as: ANSYS Theory Reference .001242 . Eleventh Edition . SAS IP, Inc.® 19-35Chapter 19. Posiprocessing 19-36 Vinle = A®* cos (ot ~ BE) - A™ sin (ot ~ BE) (19.640) where AR = Real component of the incident wave Al™ = Imaging component of the incident wave B = wave number = 2atic = frequency (Hz.) ¢ = propagation velocity number = 3x10 / Je, &, = relative permittivity A®© and Al™ are calculated from the input voltage (VALUES) and phase angle (VALUES) of the PORTOPT command ARe = A cos > (19.6-41) Am = Asing (19.6-42) where: A = _ Incident voltage drop between coax conductors = phase angle The total voltage (calculated from the electric field solution) can be expressed as: Vaolle = VEE cos at — VIE sin wt (19.6-43) where: Ee = real component of the voltage vin = imaging component of the voltage Combining terms from equations (19.6-39) and (19.6~43), the reflected voltage may be calculated Veotle = (VEE — AR? cos BE + A™ sin BE} cos ct (19.6-44) + (— vin — ARS sin Be + Al™ cos BE) sin ot The reflected voltage can be expressed as Viole = VREly cos wt — VIM, sin wt (19.6-45) Thus, Ra, = VRE — ARe cos BE + Al™ sin BE (19.6-46) ANSYS Theory Reference .001242 . Eleventh Edition . SAS IP, Inc.®