Question 1:

A 25-mm-diameter shaft is pulled through a cylindrical bearing as shown in the figure below. The
lubricant that fills the 0.3-mm gap between the shaft and bearing is an oil having a kinematic viscosity of

8.0 104 m2 / s and a density of 0.91  10 kg / m . Determine the force P required to pull the shaft at a
3 3

velocity of 3m/s. Assume the velocity distribution in the gap is linear.

Question 2:

Small differences in gas pressures are commonly measured with a micromanometer of the type illustrated
in the figure below. This device consists of two large reservoirs each having a cross-sectional area Ar
which are filled with a liquid having a specific weight γ1* and connected by a U-tube of cross-sectional
area At containing a liquid of specific weight γ2.When a differential gas (gauge) pressure p1-p2, is applied,
a differential reading, h, develops. It is desired to have this reading sufficiently large (so that it can be
easily read) for small pressure differentials. Determine the relationship between h and p1-p2when the area
ratio At/Ar is small, and show that the differential reading, h, can be magnified by making the difference in
specific weights, γ2- γ1, small. Assume that initially (with p1=p2) the fluid levels in the two reservoirs are
equal.

Hint, can we neglect the difference between the fluid levels in the two reservoirs? given that At/Ar is
small, p1-p2 is small and initially (with p1=p2) the fluid levels in the two reservoirs are equal.

(*specific weight γ=ρg. More detailed discussion can be found in the text book 1.4.2).
Question 3:

The figure below shows the rectangular cross-section of a very long concrete (ρc = 2400 kg/m3) dam. The
dam has width B0 = 10 m and a height h = 36 m = depth of water (ρ = 1000 kg/m3) in the reservoir formed
by the dam. The base of the dam is “cemented” onto the bedrock, i.e. there is no flow under the dam and
therefore no uplift pressure. The maximum shear force, FfH, that can be mobilized along the base of the
dam is characterized by a friction coefficient:

FfH
f   1.0
total normal force exerted by the dam on the bedrock foundation

a) Determine the total horizontal pressure force on the dam (per meter length), FH0, and its line of action.

b) Show that the rectangular dam is stable against sliding.

c) Show that the rectangular dam is unstable against overturning.

d) Determine the minimum width, Bmin, required for the rectangular dam to be stable against overturning.
Question 4:

A mid-sized oil tanker carrying 500,000 barrels of crude oil from Texas (𝜌𝑜𝑖 = 873 kg/m3) runs aground
and begins spilling oil into the surrounding seawater (𝜌𝑤 = 1030 kg/m3). An oil-containment boom is
rapidly deployed in a semi-circular arc off the side of the tanker in an attempt to contain the oil. The
boom is 150 meters long (actually five 30-meter sections, but assume they are flexible and form a perfect
semi-circle) and has a rectangular cross-section of 45x10 cm with a 30-cm draft hD on the water side and
15-cm freeboard on the air side (see the figure below).

a) What is the maximum volume of oil that the boom can contain before the oil begins to leak from under
the boom? What percentage is this of the total volume of oil the tanker is carrying?

b) What is the minimum required freeboard (hf) to draft (hD) ratio for the boom (the actual ratio is 15: 30
= 1: 2) to prevent leakage? Assuming this ratio is different than the ratio of the actual boom, why do you
think the boom was designed the way it was?

c) The boom is equipped with a ballast mechanism whereby one can add lead weights to each boom
section to increase its draft. For each additional centimeter of draft, what mass of lead would need to be
added to each 30-m boom section?