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INTRODUCCIÓN
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SUNMARY.
The importance because it will help to have a very good knowledge that we are
going to expand in our trajectory as future engineers and apply this knowledge
that we have been taught and learned in that subject.
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INTRODUCTION ON GEOTECHNICS
In the past, geotechnics was identified as soil mechanics and rock mechanics;
but the term was extended to include topics such as seismic engineering, the
elaboration of geotechnical materials, improvement of soil characteristics, soil-
structure interaction and others.
PLANICIE:
Las planicies son zonas relativamente planas de tierra que pueden situarse
dentro o fuera del mar. En este sentido, se llama planicie abisal a aquellos
relieves submarinos generalmente adyacentes a las zonas costeras
LLANURA:
MEDANOS:
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PLAIN:
The plains are relatively flat areas of land that can be located inside or outside
the sea. In this sense, abyssal plain is called those submarine reliefs generally
adjacent to the coastal areas
The coastal plains are partly the product of the slow epirogenetic movements of
ascent and descent of coastal blocks that affected the coast in different ways
during the Tertiary and the Quaternary.
PLAIN:
The plain is a large expanse of flat land or with slight undulations. The plains
can be found in the lowlands, usually due to the presence of maritime
regressions.
In many areas, the plains are economically important for humans. The
sediments deposited in the soil turn them into fertile places for the development
of the crops and the pastures and their plain facilitates the mechanization of the
harvests.
MEDANOS:
A pile of sand whose elevation is close to the surface, in a area where the sea
is shallow, these sediments being carried by the wind to these areas forming
these dunes or sand dunes.
GEOLOGIA DE PIURA
a. Meso Neo–Proterozoico
b. Paleozoico
c. Mesozoico
d. Cenozoico
e. Cuaternario
GEOLOGY OF PIURA
faulting in blocks with NE-SW general course, some of which served to the
entrapment of interesting hydrocarbon deposits that are currently being
exploited. It is also important to mention the existence of mining-metal deposits
such as the Turmalina, Tambo Grande, Río Blanco and non-metallic deposits,
such as the phosphate rock deposit in Bayobar, and others with considerable
reserves of bentonite, salt, gravel and sand, whose exploitation is limited due to
lack of investment and real knowledge of existing reserves; aggregates for
construction and common salt are eventually exploited according to local needs.
A . Meso Neo-Proterozoico
• Paleozoic
b. Paleozoic
• Indivisible (Pi)
c. Mesozoic
d. Cenozoic
E. Quaternary
MARCO GEOLÓGICO
LITOLOGÍA
Rocas Sedimentarias
Formación Salinas
Las secuencia rocosa de esta unidad se encuentra conformada por estratos
gruesos de areniscas de grano fino a medio, de colores gris con tonos
verdosos y marrones. Presentan algunas intercalaciones de areniscas
microconglomerádicas de grano grueso.
Formación Palegreda
Consiste de lutitas de colores claros, intercaladas con estratos de areniscas
limolíticas con óxidos de hierro. En la parte inferior presenta niveles fosilíferos
dentro de los estratos de lutitas de coloraciones oscuras.
Formación Máncora
Esta unidad se encuentra conformados por areniscas con cantos rodados de
cuarzo, cuarcitas y lutitas, además de niveles de conglomerados.
Formación Miramar
Constituido por conglomerados poco consolidados con matriz arenosa e
intercalada con lentes de arena; hacia la parte superior se encuentran
areniscas escasamente cementados en estratos delgados, friables y con
laminación cruzada. Lateralmente se interdigital con areniscas amarillentas y
lodolitas.
Formación Carpitas
Se halla constituido por una secuencia de areniscas y esíferas en estratos
medianos, en la base, pasando a areniscas sucias hacia la parte superior.
Tablazo Talara
La litología de esta unidad varía de manera lateral y consisten en bancos de
conglomerados fosilíferos (lumaquelas) con matriz areniscosa y cementos
salinos, compactos pero no consolidados.
Depósitos Cuaternarios
Depósitos Marinos
Se ubican en el borde litoral, a partir del Km. 1200. Están constituidos por
arenas de grano medio, con algo de cemento salino, eventualmente, se
presentan niveles de guijarros. En conjunto, son algo densas y presentan
coloraciones grisáceas y beige.
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GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
According to the reports of the studies for the National Geological Chart made
by the Mining and Metallurgical Geological Institute (INGEMMET), along the
stretch of interest sedimentary rocks appear, whose ages are included in the
Tertiary, the same found partially covered in the lower parts by quaternary
deposits of marine and alluvial type, the latter, both old and relatively recent.
LITOLOGY
Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks are present in 40% of the stretch; while, the quaternary
deposits comprise 60% of the total length. The outcrops of sedimentary rocks
correspond to the lithostratigraphic units that, in order of greatest to least
antiquity, are described below:
Salinas Training
The rocky sequence of this unit is made up of thick strata of fine to medium-
grained sandstones, of gray colors with greenish and brown tones. They
present some intercalations of coarse-grained microconglomeric sandstones.
Palegreda Formation
Máncora Training
This unit is formed by sandstones with quartz boulders, quartzite and shale, as
well as conglomerate levels.
Miramar Training
Carpitas training
Tablazo Talara
The lithology of this unit varies laterally and consists of banks of fossiliferous
conglomerates (lumaquelas) with sand matrix and saline cements, compact but
not consolidated.
Quaternary Deposits
Filling the depressions and covering the lower parts of the rocky slopes, there
are clastic deposits of alluvial and marine origin:
Marine Deposits
They are located on the littoral edge, starting at Km. 1200. They are constituted
by medium grain sands, with some saline cement, eventually, pebble levels
appear. Altogether, they are somewhat dense and have grayish and beige
colorations.
They are found in the highlands on both sides of the valleys and consist of a
mixture of boulders and coarse sand in thick, dense banks, with incipient
stratification and the presence of lenticular sand levels. They present some
stability in the natural cuts produced by fluvial erosion.
PRIMERA PARADA
N 9422648
E 610668
COTA 126m .
Su génesis viene dada por la pérdida de energía de los ríos con una
importante carga de sedimentos, que son depositados al disminuir la
pendiente a lo largo del abanico aluvial.
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FIRST STOP
In the first field trip we went along the Morropon-Huancabamba road, while we
were going out we were observing the plain, dunes and sand dunes. When you
reach the point:
• N 9422648
• E 610668
• COTA 126m.
Dejection cone: A dejection cone, also called cone or alluvial fan, is a form of
fluvial modeling that is characterized by a conical or fan-shaped silhouette and
a gentle slope. This deposit of alluvium is generated at the end of the torrential
valleys, in the areas of foot of mount, where the slope of the hillsides links with
a flat zone.
Its genesis is given by the loss of energy from the rivers with an important
sediment load, which are deposited by decreasing the slope along the alluvial
fan.
We were able to observe in the first point a quarry, where the road material is
extracted, we could appreciate strata of metamorphic sandstones (quartzite
sandstones), political clays and bituminous phyllites. At this point we could also
observe intercalations of bioturbations and bentonites. The quarry is 200m long
and 15m high.
Una cuneta: Es una zanja o canal que se abre a los lados de las vías
terrestres de comunicación (caminos, carreteras, autovías ...) y que,
debido a su menor nivel, recibe las aguas pluviales y las conduce hacia
un lugar que no provoquen daños o inundaciones. También puede servir
como defensa de pequeños derrumbes cuando las vías transitan
por trincheras.
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The road: It is a means of public transport and use, designed and built
primarily for the circulation of motor vehicles. There are several types of
roads, although colloquially the term road is used to define the
conventional road that can be connected, through accesses, to the
adjoining properties, differentiating them from other types of roads,
highways and motorways, which can not have steps and crosses at the
same level. The roads are distinguished from a simple road because
they are specially designed for the movement of transport vehicles.
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PARTS OF A HIGHWAY
• Causeway: The part of the street or road used for the movement of vehicles
can be made up of one or more lanes.
• Sidewalk: It is a paved surface on the side of a street for the use of people
walking or walking pedestrians. It is usually located on both sides of the road.
• Cycle route: It is a generic name given to streets exclusively or shared for the
circulation of bicycles.
SEGUNDA PARADA
SECOND STOP
Coordenadas:
Coordinates:
N 9410988
E 619228 • N 9410988
• E 619228
COTA 139m • COTA 139m
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its own protection, as a consequence that presents this river is that lacks
cleanliness and desaturation.
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Baden: A speed reducer or braking band is a sharp variation that protrudes from
the pavement and crosses it from side to side, to induce drivers or drivers to
reduce the speed of their vehicle.
DE
FE
NS
A RIBEREÑA: Las defensas ribereñas son estructuras construidas para
proteger de las crecidas de los ríos las áreas aledañas a estos cursos de agua.
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RIVER DEFENSE: Riparian defenses are structures built to protect the areas
surrounding these water courses from the floods of the rivers.
Flood protection includes both structural and non-structural means that provide
protection or reduce flood risks.