Technological Institute of the Philippines- Manila

363 P. Casal St. Quiapo Manila

Chemical Engineering Department

Laboratory Report Experiment no. 5:

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

Regilyn Arellano
Nur Mohammad Arola
Jasmine Banaga
Russel Christian Balino
Mark Genesis Bayumbon

BSCHE- CH11FA1

August 9 2018
 I. Acids
Test tubes was placed and labelled as the following:
 A1- 2M of of HCl
 A2- HNO3
 A3- H2SO4
 A4- HAc

 Stirring rod was used and rubbed it in a blue litmus paper for HNO3, H2SO4 and HAc.

HNO3 H2SO4 HAc

 A drop of Phenolphthalein on each tube was observed if there will be a change in color.
The next was a drop of methyl orange on the same tube was also observed respectively.

II. BASES
III. SALTS
 IV. Data and Results

Table 1. Color Changes of Acids, Bases and Salts on different Indicator

Color ACID BASE SALT
Reaction HCl HNO3 H2SO4 HAc NaOH KOH NH2OH Ca(OH)2 NaCl KCl CaSO2 CaCl3
RED
LITMUS NC NC NC NC C C C C NC NC NC NC
PAPER
BLUE
LITMUS C C C C NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC
PAPER
METHYL
ORANGE C C C C NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC
PHENOLPH
-THALEIN NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC
**C- Changed NC- No Change

Table 2. Conductivity of different solutions

SOLUTION ELECTROLYTE NON-

POOR CONDUCTOR GOOD CONDUCTOR ELECTROLYTE

2M HCl

2M NaOH

Ethyl Alcohol

Glycerine

Sugar Solution

NaCl Solution

 V. Summary
Acids, bases and salts are very useful in our daily lives. They have an important role in the
human body that are essential in different ways. Acids and bases are very important, without
acids we won't have vitamin C (ascorbic acid), your car won't start (sulphuric acid), or even
accelerated rotting of your food (food preservative in the form of citric acid).
Acids and bases sit at opposite ends of the pH, or potential for hydrogen scale. Acids sit closer
to zero and bases sit closer to 14. Each chemical has different pH level along with it a different
way it is used by humans. Weak acids and bases are used in the home, while acids and bases
further from a neutral pH of 7 tend to be used more in research or industrial capacities. Salt is
also important because it is a source of chlorine that provides the chemical industry with big
amounts of this element.
As we go along in this experiment we saw that red litmus paper changed its color with base
but there is no change with others, while blue litmus paper reacted with acids except bases and
salts. The acid solution changes its color into red when mixed with Methyl orange. On the other
hand, basic solutions change its color into violet when mixed with phenolphthalein.
The conductivity of a solution is an expression of the capacity of a solution to bear an electric
current using laboratory apparatus. Distilled or de- ion used water will conduct virtually, no
electricity at all and therefore will have a conductivity of dealing zero. As salts are dissolved in
water, the conductivity of a solution increases. The conductivity of a nutrient solution is
therefore a measurement of its strength as indicated by the actual amount of salts dissolved.
Solutions like ethyl alcohol, glycerine, and sugar solution are kinds of poor conductors, as HCl
(hydrochloric acid), NaOH (sodium hydroxide) and NaCl (sodium chloride) are examples of
good conductor. Electrolytes conduct energy in a solution as it increase positive and negative
ions in the electric conductor so that the electricity in producing lights requires a balance reaction
of a solution to evaluate if it is good, poor or non-electrolytes.
Electrolytes are the smallest of chemicals that are important for the cells in the body to
function and allow the body to work. Electrolytes are critical in allowing cells to generate
energy, maintain the stability of their walls, and to function in general. They generate electricity,
contract muscles, move water and fluids within the body, and participate in countless activities.