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High Speed Downlink Packet Access
High
HighSpeed Downlink Packet Access
Mechanisms and Capabilities
Mechanisms and Capabilities
Alexander Wang
Technical Solutions Manager
Technical Solutions Manager
Rev A 1 Commercial in confidence
HSDPA Improving the WCDMA downlink
SPEED Higher bit rates: up to 14 Mbps
CAPACITY 2 – 3 times improved system capacity
Quicker response time with interactive services
LATENCY
STANDARDIZED Integral part of WCDMA (3GPP Rel.5)
TIME TO MARKET Short time to market with existing sites
Rev A 2 Commercial in confidence
End user benefit:
File Download Performance
Delay for average user (in seconds)
3G (64 kbps) 4.3 JPEG image,
3G (384 kbps) 1.4 30 kB
HSDPA 1 (VGA)
Rev A 3 Commercial in confidence
Latency (radioaccess network)
Latency (roundtrip)
»150 ms R99 based equipment
Tighther implementation
requirements
<100 ms
WCDMA Evolved
R5 (HSDPA)
WCDMA Evolved
Beyond R5
3050 ms
Rev A 4 Commercial in confidence
Basic Principles
• Shared Channel Transmission
• Higherorder Modulation
• Short Transmission Time Interval (2 ms)
• Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining
• Fast Link Adaptation
• Fast Radio Channel Dependent Scheduling
Rev A 5 Commercial in confidence
Speed
Shared Channel Transmission Latency
Capacity
• New transport channel type, using multicode transmission
• Radio resources dynamically shared among
multiple users in time & code domain
• Efficient code utilization
SF=1
SF=2
SF=4 Channelization codes allocated
SF=8 for HSDSCH transmission
SF=16
8 codes (example)
TTI
Shared
channelization
codes
Rev A 6 Commercial in confidence
Speed
Higher Order Modulation Latency
Capacity
• 16QAM may be used as a complement to QPSK
• 16QAM allows for twice the peak data rate compared to QPSK
• 16QAM more sensitive to interference
=> Higher data rate in good radio channel conditions
(high C/I, Little or no dispersion, Low speed)
e.g. Close to cell site & Micro/Indoor cells
2 bits/symbol 4 bits/symbol
QPSK 16QAM
Rev A 7 Commercial in confidence
Short 2 ms Transmission Time Interval (TTI) Speed
Latency
Capacity
• Reduced round trip delay on the air interface
• Enables HSDPA features to operate at 500 times per second!
– Fast Link Adaptation
– Fast Radio Channeldependent Scheduling
– Fast hybrid ARQ with soft combining
Rel 5 (HSDSCH) 2 ms
2 ms
Earlier releases
10 ms
20 ms
40 ms
80 ms
Rev A 8 Commercial in confidence
Speed
Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining Latency
Capacity
K
Transmitter
AC K
NAC
AC K
P1,2
+
P1,1 P1,1 P2,1
Receiver
• Fast retransmissions of erroneous packets processed in the RBS
=> Reduced round trip delay on the air interface
• Soft combining of multiple transmission attempts in the UE
=> Improved performance
Rev A 9 Commercial in confidence
Speed
Fast Link Adaptation (I) Latency
Capacity
• Adjust transmission parameters to match instantaneous radio
channel conditions High data rate
– Path loss and shadowing
– Interference variations
– Fast multipath fading
Low data rate
• HSDSCH is rate controlled
– Encoding rate, number of channelization codes & modulation type
adapted based on available power
– Adaptation on 2 ms TTI basis Þ 500 times/sec!
Unused power
Total cell power
Total cell power
HSDSCH(rate controlled)
Dedicated channels (power controlled) Dedicated channels (power controlled)
Common channels Common channels
Power usage with dedicated channels t t
channels HSDSCH with dynamic power allocation
– No need for extra spectrum/carrier
– Voice and data on same carrier
Rev A 11 Commercial in confidence
Speed
Fast Radio channel dependent Scheduling (I) Latency
Capacity
• Scheduling = which UE to transmit to at a given time instant
• Basic idea:
– Transmit to users based on radio channel quality, targeting fading peaks
– May lead to large variations in data rate between users
– Tradeoff: fairness vs. cell throughput
Scheduled high data rate
user
User 1
low data rate
User 2 Time
#1 #2 #1 #2 #1 #2 #1
Examples of scheduling algorithms
– Round Robin (RR)
• Cyclically assign the channel to users without taking channel
conditions into account
• Simple but poor performance
– Max C/I
• Assign the channel to the user with the best channel quality
• High system throughput but not fair
– Proportional Fair (PF)
• Assign the channel to the user with the best relative channel quality
• High throughput, fair
• Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining
Reduced round trip delay
• Fast Link Adaptation
Data rate adapted to radio conditions on 2 ms time basis
• Fast Radio Channel Dependent Scheduling
Scheduling of users on 2 ms time basis