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1. The document provides an overview of architectural history around the world, organized by geographical region and time period.
2. Key architectural styles and structures are described for ancient Near East, Greece, Egypt, prehistoric periods, Islam, India/Pakistan, Japan, Afghanistan/Nepal/Tibet, Byzantine, Renaissance, Roman, Britain, modern/international periods, and more.
3. Details include common building materials, structural elements, religious influences, and technological advances for each time period and culture.
1. The document provides an overview of architectural history around the world, organized by geographical region and time period.
2. Key architectural styles and structures are described for ancient Near East, Greece, Egypt, prehistoric periods, Islam, India/Pakistan, Japan, Afghanistan/Nepal/Tibet, Byzantine, Renaissance, Roman, Britain, modern/international periods, and more.
3. Details include common building materials, structural elements, religious influences, and technological advances for each time period and culture.
1. The document provides an overview of architectural history around the world, organized by geographical region and time period.
2. Key architectural styles and structures are described for ancient Near East, Greece, Egypt, prehistoric periods, Islam, India/Pakistan, Japan, Afghanistan/Nepal/Tibet, Byzantine, Renaissance, Roman, Britain, modern/international periods, and more.
3. Details include common building materials, structural elements, religious influences, and technological advances for each time period and culture.
1. ... GIEHADCBF 11. 1. Free-standing glass sheath suspended on a Modern/
framework across the face of the buildin g or International 2. 1. Abundance of clay-provided bricks 2. Roofs Ancient curtain wall. 2. Art Noveau and Bauhaus was flat outside 3. Architecture was arcuated Near East developed 3. Enormous Spans unobstructed winged deity and winged human headed lion (Mesop were at length achieved with concrete. 4. used as décor 4. Houses of one room, otamia) Steel is used in space-frame entered by a single door & without windows 12. 1. Hindu worship is an individual act 2. India/ 3. 1. Acropolis, 2. Parthenon-temple, 3. Agora, 4. Greek Buddhist religious buildings or shrine s took Pakistan ODEION theatre, the form of STUPAS (Buddhist shrine or 5. stoa, - ancient covered walkway, usually pagoda), and are designed for with a wall on one side and a row of columns congregational use. 3. Mouldings have at the other 6. Mausoleum Sarcophagus, 7. BULBOUS character 4. The TORUS moulding open hillside theatres is used 5. Various BAS reliefs depicting 4. 1. Basilican Churches, 2. Baptisteries Early scenes of daily life and story of Buddha 6. Christian The female form in its voluptuous (sensual) 5. 1. Battered or sloping outside walls 2. Egyptian form is often used Columns & Capitals from vegetable origins 3. 13. 1. Light and delicate timber construction is Japan Papyrus Buds, Lotus Flower walls of mud refined by a minute carving & decoration 2. brick, thick & 9M high 4. Unbroken massive Dominant roofs characterized by their walls adorned with hieroglyphics exquisite (beautiful/superb) curvature, 6. 1. Beehives, 2. huts, 3. caves, 4. tents, 5. Prehistoric supported by a succession of brackets 3. Stonehenge, England 6. igloos Period Upper part of the roof is terminated by a gable placed vertically above the end walls 7. 1. Bulbous or onion dome 2. Minarets 3. Islamic 4. Rooms are regulated by a "KEN" Tatami stalactite moulding 4. cresting: decorative mats. 5. Love of nature: using stone, lantern & roof ridge: an ornamental ridge on a roof 5. bonsai. painted arch 14. 1. Neo-classic & Greek revival was fo llowed Americas 8. 1. Columnar & trabeated (have horizontal Greek 2. Baloon frame was introduced 3. The beams rather than archs) 2. Wooden roofs wer skyscraper was contributed related to metal e untrussed 3. Ceilings sometimes omitted 4. frame construction 4. The non-load-bearing optical illusions were corrected, in Greek curtain wall & the elevator Temples 5. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian [orders of columns] 15. 1. Notre Dame Cathedral, 2. Paris Canterbury Gothic Cathedral, 3. King's College, 4. Canterbury 9. 1. Cupola Roofs (dome shaped roof or dome Afghanistan, Town Halls, 5. Skippers house @ Ghent on roof ), spanning with arched squinches, the Nepal, Tibet square chamber angles, lantern roof and 16. 1. Novel development of the Dome to cover Byzantine coffered dome, an elaborate system of polygonal and square plans of churches 2. hexagon, each containing the statue of Tomb & baptisteries by means of Buddha 2. The "SIKHARA" & "PAGODA" "pendentives"3. 'Fresco" decoration using temples survive. 3. A monumental pillar marble & mosaic generally supporting a metal superstructure 17. 1. Palazzo Ricardi @ Florence, 2. St. Peter's Renaissance adorned with mystic symbols, groups of PIAZZA, 3. Cathedral Vatican, 4. Palais du divinities louvre, 5. Paris Chateu Maisons,6. St Paul's and portraits statuary of royalties. 4. Windows Cathedral, London, 7. Guild Houses @ have intricate lattice screens and roof have Brussels red curved tiles, metal gutters and projecting 18. 1. Pantheon, 2. Forums, 3. Basilicas 4. Roman cornice and fancifully decorated with carving, Thermae, 5. Amphitheatres, 6. Colosseum embos sing, tinkling bells and hanging lamps. Coemeteria, 7. Triumphal arch, 8. gateways, 9. 5. The monastery is fortress -like sited on hill aqueducts tops. 6. Pillars and beams are painted "yellow or red" and "painted silks" hang from the roof. 10. 1. Eiffel tower, [???] 2. New louvre, 3. Paris Continental Opera House, 4. Paris & cologne. Europe 19. 1. Picturesque values 2. Reflected in the Britain 26. 1. Salginatobel Bridge, 2. Einstein Tower, Eirch Modern/ predilection (liking) for highly textured, Mendelsohn 3. Chapel of Notre Dame, Le International colorful materials, asymmetry & informality. Corbusier 4. Johnson Wax Building, Frank 3. palazzo style was a triumph of national Lloyd Wright 5. Falling Water, Frank Lloyd ecclesiasticism 4. New functions & Wright 6. Dulles International Airport, Eero techniques produced new forms 5. Taller saarinen 7. Guggenheim Museum, Frank buildings were designed due to concrete & Lloyd wright 8. Sydney opera House, Jorn cast iron frames . 6. New materials were used Utzon 9. Geodesic dome, Buckminster Fuller due to the effect of canals 7. Railroad 27. 1. Sphinx, 2. Pyramids, 3. Obelisks, 4. Mastaba Egyptian systems, central heating & elevator or lift Tombs, 5. Great Temple, 6. Abu-Simbel, 7. 20. 1. Pointed arch 2. buttress, flying buttress 3. Gothic Temple of Khons gargoyles, decorated vaulting 4. rose & 28. 1. Stepped Temple Pyramid , terraced on a Burma, lancet windows ploughshare twist 5. variety hill 2. Using stone without mortar fitted Cambodia, of open roofs (trussed, tie-beam, collar) perfectly and numerous colossal towers 3. Thailand, 21. 1. Repetition of standard bays, both plan & Continental Religious buildings overlaid with Indonesia elevation, an affinity (similarity) with bay Europe ornamentation of Chinese characters, system, programmatically surfaces often finished with porcelain tile 4. adopted with the introduction of iron Walls are white stucco, (wall plaster) 5. multi- construction leveled overlapping timber roofs 6. Gables and bargeboard decorated with Hindu 22. 1. Ribbed & panel, cross vaults; 2. plaster Romanesque iconography. 7. Doors and window shutters strips, arcades, rose windows, 3. Sober are of carved wood, lacquered in black and (serious/ not fanciful) & dignified style 4. gold . Formal massing depends on the grouping of towers and the projection of transepts & 29. 1. St. Sophia, Constantinople 2. St. Mark, Byzantine choir. Venice 23. 1. Rock Temples, with square or octagonal Sri Lanka 30. 1. St, Zeno, 2. Maggiore Monastery, 3. Leaning Islamic pillars 2. A circular relic house (wata-dage) Tower, 4. Cathedral & Baptistery of Pisa, 5. built in stone & brick is an outstanding Castles, fortifications, 6. chateus, Manor architectural creation. 3. Architecture of houses wood, with high pitched roofs, with wide 31. 1. Temple Pyramid of the Sun, 2. Citadel Pre- eaves, slightly curved, finished with small flat Teotihuacan, 3. Temple of the Giant Jaguar, 4. Columbian, shingles Great Plaza of Tenochtitlan Machu Picchu, Maya, and terra cotta tiles. 4. Windows with Peru Aztec, lacquered wood bars, carved timber Mexico , doorways , ornamental metalwork door Peru furniture , painted wall 32. 1. Temple pyramids are approached by a Pre- 24. 1. Roof ridges are laden with elaborate China single steep flight of steps. 2. Stone [finely Columbian, ornamental cresting and the up -tilted angles dressed, carved, or laid as roughly dressed America are adorned with fantast ic dragons and rubble] was employed for all important [Maya - grotesque ornament.(distorted bizarre) 2. buildings Aztec- Roofs one on top of the other using S-shape Mexico- enameled tiles. 3. Roof framing in "rectangle" Peru] and not triangle. 4. Use of bright colors 5. Column brackets are decorated with birds, 33. 1. Temporary shelter from perishable Pre-historic flowers and dragons. materials 2. Caves 3. Rocks on top of each Period other 4. Hard-packed snow blocks 5. animal 25. 1. Rusticated masonry, (rough masonry) 2. Renaissance skins Quoins, Balusters 3. domes or raised drums 4. pediments one within the other 5. rococo 6. 34. 1. The arch & the vault was developed 2. Two Roman baroque style 7. mansard roof 8. salon orders of architecture added [Tuscan & Composite] 3. Concrete is now used [composition of lime, sand, pozzolana & broken bricks or small stones. v 35. 1. the White House 2. Washington Americas 46. AMBULATORY (to walk) the cloister (covered walkwa y D.C., U.S. Capitol 3. Boston Empire around a courtyard) or covered passage State Building, 4. English Country around the east end of the church, Houses 5. Bungalows behind the altar. 36. 1. Use of indigenous (natural) Philippines 47. ANT ILLAN An elegant two storey, rectangular town materials for houses like bamboo, HOUSE house with a massive stone first floor, and palm leaves, sturdy wooden posts, a light and airy second floor, mother -of- carved wooden pearl or "capiz" windows and picturesque sidings, cogon grass roof. 2. wide tile roof. Entrance is of Heavy plank Spanish-style high-pitched roofs, door with wrought iron or brass nails, 3. Capiz shell windows, sturdy balustrades of wood or iron grilles barandillas, balconies, 4. Coconut below windows to let in cool shell & wood design. 5. Much use air. of galvanized iron sheet for 48. APSE The circular or multi -angular termination roofing of a church sanctuary. A rounded 37. 1. Westminster New Palace (House Britain projection of a building of Parliament), London 2. Crystal 49. AQUEDUCTS A roman structure where immense Palace, London [???] 3. University quantities of water were required for the Museum, Oxford 4. Red House, great thermae and for public fountains, Kent 5. Cathedral @ Guildford and for domestic supply for the large 38. 1. Widely Spaced Columns Early Christian population; a channel fo r water: a pipe carrying semi-circular arches 2. or channel for moving water to a lower Basilican Churches have 3 to 5 level, often across a great distance aisles, covered by a simple timber 50. ARABESQUE Geometrical ornaments due to absence roof 3. Mosaic decoration added of human and animal statues; an ornate internally 4. separate buildings design. used for baptism or baptisteries 51. ARCADE A range of arches supported on piers or 39. 1. Ziggurat of Ur, 2. persepolis, 3. Ancient Near East columns attached to or deta ched from hall of the hundred columns (Mesopotamia) the wall. 40. ABACUS A slab forming the 52. ARCHITECTONIC Relating or conforming to technical crowning member of a architectural principles . column; 53. "ARCHITECTURE Marcus Vitruvius Pocio 41. "A BRIDGE IS LIKE A HOUSE" Robert Maillart MUST MEET 3 42. AGORA Town square, was the REQUIREMENTS: center of soci al and STENGTH, business life, around BEAUTY, UNITY" which were stoas, or 54. ARRIS The sharp edge formed by the meeting colonnaded porticoes, of two surface usually in DORIC columns temples, markets, public buildings, monuments, 55. "ART & Walter Gropius shrines ARCHITECTURE, THE NEW UNITY" 43. "A HOUSE IN A HOUSE" Louis Kahn 56. ART DECO 1930s modernist's style of art inspired by 44. AISLE A longitudinal division mechanical forms and chiefly of an interior area, as in distinguished by geometrical shapes, a church, separated bold color schemes and symmetrical from the main area by designs, suitable for mass production. arcades or the like. 57. ART NOVEAU An art free from any historical style 45. AMBO A raised pulpit on either characterized by forms of nature for side of a Basilican ornamentation in the façade aptly called church from which the for the floral design. epistle of a gospel were read. 58. ASIAN CC. De Castro 73. BELVEDERE A roofed but open-sided structure affording DEVELOPMENT an extensive view, usually located at the BANK OF THE rooftop of a dwelling but sometimes an PHILIPPINES independent building or an eminence (a hill) on a formal garden; a building with fine 59. ATLANTES Carved male figures serving as pillars also view: a building or part of a building called TELAMONES; architecture figure of positioned to of fer a fine view of the man used as support: a figure of a man, surrounding area either standing or kneeling, used as a support for the upper part of a classical 74. BELVEDERE An open-roofed gallery in an upper storey building built for giving a view of the scenery. 60. ATRIUM An approach or an open forecourt 75. BEMA A raised stage in a Basilican church reserved surrounded by arcades in a Basilican for the clergy. church. 76. BONSAI A dwarf tree which is a perfect reflection of 61. AT&T BLDG, NY Philip Johnson Japanese culture. 62. BALDACHINO A canopy supported by columns generally 77. BOSS (Lump or knob) or projecting ornament at placed over an altar or tomb. Also known the intersection of the ribs of ceilings, as "CIBORIUM". whether vaulted or flat. 63. BALOON- a type of timber framing in America about 78. BUNGALOW One storey with low -overhanging roof and FRAME 1820s wherein it ow es its strength to the broad front porch. Unpretentious style often walls, roof acting as diaphragms, and not rambling spread out floor plan, more on the post. It is an extension of the roof. expensive to build; lightweight tropical house: a simply -built one-storey house with 64. BALUSTER One of a number of short vertical a veranda and a wide, gently sloping roof in members often circular in section used to Southeast Asia and the South Pacific support a stair handrail or a coping (wall's capping surface). 79. BUTTRESS A mass of masonry built against a wall to resist the pressure of an arch & vault. 65. BANK OF I.M. Pei CHINA, HK 80. CAMBER A slight convex curvature built into a truss or beam to compensate for an anticipated 66. BAPTISTERIES A building or a part of a church in which deflection so tha t baptism is administered it will gave no sag when under load. 67. BAROQUE In France, anything extravagantly 81. CANDELABRA A movable candle lamp -stand with central ornamented, so ornate as to be in bad shaft, and often branches or decorative taste, a style of art and architecture in Italy representation thereof; a branching light in the 17th to 18th century. fitting: a large decorative candle holder with 68. BATTER Inward inclination or slope of an outward several arms or branches, or a similarly wall shaped electric light fitting 69. BAUHAUS a school founded by Gropius in 1919, 82. CARYATIDS Sculptures female figures used as columns developing a form of training intended to or supports relate art and architecture to technology 83. CELLA The sanctuary of a classical temple, and the practical needs of human life. containing the cult statue of the god 70. BAUHAUS Walter Gropius 84. CENOTAPH An empty tomb. A monument erected in BLDG, memory of one not interred in or und er it GERMANY 85. CHAMFER A diagonal cutting of an arris formed by 71. BAY WINDOW The window of a protruded bay or the two surfaces at an angle windowed bay itself. A protruding window: a rounded or three-sided window that 86. CHANCEL The space about the altar of a church, sticks out from an outside wall and forms a usually separated by a screen for the clergy recess on the inside . and other officials, usually referred to as the "choir". 72. BELFRY A tower not connected with "Bell". A term applied to the upper room in a tower in 87. CHAPEL OF Le Corbosier which the bells are hung. NOTRE DAME 88. CHATEAU A castle in a French -speaking 97. CONSERVATORIES, These are garden rooms. a. Fanciful, country or a stately residence. A ARBORS & pre-fabricated models attached to the French castle: a castle or large house GAZEBOS houses, filled with wrou ght iron or in France, often one that has a wicker furniture exotic vineyard attached and gives its name plants and birds. b. These are open to wine produced there spaces with seating areas beneath wood rafters or leaf -entwined plants. ( 89. CHATTRIS An umbrella shaped copula. a shady place: a shaded place formed 90. CHERUBS One of the winged heavenly beings by the leaves and branches of trees that support the throne of God or act and plants that interweave naturally or as guardian spirits, or Chubby, a rosy- are trained to grow around a trellis ) c. faced child with wings. An angel of A roof place, shaded from the sun, to second order: an angel, specifically read or to entertain and enjoy the one belonging to the second order view. of angels in the celestial hierarchy 98. CONSOLE - A s a projecting member to support a whose distinctive attribute is "BRACKET" weight generally formed with scrolls knowledge. Arts depiction of angel: or volute when carrying the upper an angel depicted as a chubby-faced member of the cornice. child with wings, sometimes simply as a child's head above a pair of wings 99. CORBEL A block of stone, often elaborately carved or moulded, projected from a 91. CHRYSLER Willian Van Alen wall, supporting the beams of a roof, BUILDING, NY floor or vault. 92. CHURRIGUERESQUE An expression of Spanish baroque 100. COUNTRY HOUSE A house composed of natural architecture and sculpture, a materials. It is an eclectic and organic recurrent feature was the richly look that grows and changes with garlanded spiral columns. antiques and a clutter of different coll [flamboyant -showy; brightly colored; ections, made of rough plaster, old highly decorated ornamentation] beams, wood framed windows and 93. CIMBORIO Special term for a lantern or raised slate or brick floors . A house in the structure above a roof admitting light country: a large house in the country, into the interior. often with a large area of land 94. COFFER Sunk panels, caissons or lacunaria attached formed in ceilings, vaults or domes; 101. CRYPT A space entirely or partly under a sunken panel in a ceiling: a decorative building; in churches, generally sunken panel in a ceiling beneath the chancel and used for 95. COISTERS Covered passages around an open burial in earlier times. An underground space or " Garth", connecting the chamber: an undergro und room or church to the chapter house; a vault, often below a church, used as a small courtyard or enclosed space. burial chamber or chapel, or for storing religious artifacts 96. COLOSSEUM Elliptical Amphitheatres are characteristically Roman buildings 102. "CUBE WITHIN A Le Corbusier found in every imp ortant settlement, CUBE' used to display of mortal combats 103. CULTURAL Leandro Locsin (gladiatorial) CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES 104. CUPOLA A spherical roof, (a dome -shaped roof) placed like an inverted cup over a circular square or multi -angular apartment. A dome on roof: a small dome on a roof, sometimes made of glass and pr oviding natural light inside 105. DAADO the portion of a pedestal between its base 116. EXEDRA In ancient Greece/ Rome, a room or and cornice. A term also applied to the covered area or open on one side used as lower portions of walls when decorated a meeting place; architecture history separately. conversation room: a room for relaxation or conversation, especially a semicircular 106. DAIS a raised platform reserved for the seat ing recess in a larger hall with a continuous of speakers and dignitaries; a raised bench along the wall; furniture long platform: a raised platform at the end of a curved outdoor bench: a long curved or hall or large room. [podium, platform, semicircular outdoor bench, usually with a pulpit, stage ] high back; architecture recess: any kind of 107. DOGE'S HALL (BRIT ISH) The hall built or used by recess or niche (technical) medieval association as of merchants and 117. FAIENCE A glazed earth ware originally made in tradesmen, organized to maintain standards Italy; pottery with colored glaze: that constituted a governing body. (Doge = earthenware decorated with colored Italian renaissance chief magistrate) opaque metallic glazes (often used before 108. DOGE'S The chief magistrate's buildings, in the a noun) PALACE former republic of Venice & Genoa. 118. FENESTRATION The arrangement and design of windows in 109. DOLMEN An ancient structure usually regarded as a a building. tomb, consisting of two or more large 119. FILLETS a small flat band between mouldings to upright stones set with separate them from each other. a space between and capped by a architecture flat narrow moulding: a raised horizontal stone or sunken ornamental surface set between 110. DOME A vault having a circular pl an, and usually larger surfaces in the form of a sphere portion, so 120. FINIAL An ornate iron grille, or screen, a constructed as to exert an characteristic feature of Spanish Church equal thrust in all directions. interiors ; An architectural decoration: a 111. DORMER A window in a sloping roof usually that of a carved decoration at the top of a gable, sleeping apartment. A window projecting spire, or arched structure from roof: a window for a room within the 121. FINIAL Also called "key pattern" the upper portion roof space that is built out at right angles to of the pinnacle [pinnacle: pointed the main roof and has its own gable ornament: a pointed ornament on top of a 112. ECCLECTIC An adjective used to describe an artist who buttress or parapet]; an architectural selects forms and ideas from different decoration: a carved decoration at the top periods or countries and combines them to of a gable, produce a harmonious whole. spire, or arched structure 113. EINSTEIN Eirch Mendelsohn 122. FLECHE A slender wooden spire rising from a roof. TOWER A slender church spire: a slender spire, 114. ENTABLATURE The entire construction of a classical especially one that emerges from the roof temple or the like, between the columns of a church at the point where the ridges and the eaves usually composed of an intersect. architrave, frieze, and a cornice. 123. FLUTES The vertical channeling on the shaft of a 115. ENTASISv A swelling or curving outwards along the column ; architecture: groove in column: a outline of a column shaft, designed to groove running down an architectural counteract the optical illusion which gives a column shaft bounded by straight lines th e 124. FONT a basin usually of stone which holds the appearance of curving inwards; a bulge in water for baptism. architectural column: a slight bulge in the 125. "FORM DOES Antonio Gaudi shaft of a column, desig ned to counter the NOT visual impression of concavity that a NECESSARILY perfectly straight column would give FOLLOW FUNCTION" 126. "FORM Louis Sullivan 140. HIEROGLYPHICS Pictorial representation of religious FOLLOWS rit ual, historic events and daily FUNCTION" pursuits 127. FORTRESS a large fortified (armed) place; a fort often 141. ICONOSTASIS a screen in a Greek orthodox including a town; any place of security. church on which icons or (sacr ed images), pictures, are placed 128. FORUM Corresponds (links) to the Agora in a Greek separating the chancel from the city was a central open space, used a public space, open to the laity. An altar meeting space, market or rendezvous for screen decorated with icons : a political demonstrations . screen on which icons are mounted, 129. FRESCO A term originally applied painting on a wall used in Eastern Orthodox churches while the plaste r is wet and is not in oil colors. to separate the area around the painting done on fresh plaster: a painting on a altar from the main part of the wall or ceiling made by brushing watercolors church onto fresh damp plaster, or onto partly dry 142. IFUGAO/BONTOC Cordillera one room house on four plaster HOUSE wooden posts with an animal or 130. FRETWORK (grating: metal grille) an ornament in classic or insect barrier and a pyramidal roof renaissance architecture consisting of an Cogon grass built without nails. assembly of straight lines intersecting at right 143. INTERCOLUMNATION The space between two columns angles, and of various pattern 144. IRIMOYA GABLE Japanese dominant roofs 131. "FUNCTION Eero Saarinen characterized by their exquisite INFLUENCE curvature, and are supported upon BUT DOES a succession of simple or NOT compound brackets. The upper part DICTATE of the roof is terminated by a gable FORM" placed vertically above the end 132. GALLERY A communicating passage or wide corridor walls, while the lower part of the for pictures and statues. An upper storey for main roof is carried round the ends seats in a church. of the building in a hipped form. 133. GEODESIC Buckminster Fuller 145. IVATAN HOUSE Made of 0.75 m. thick stone of lime DOME wall with thick thatched roof made 134. GREAT Most famous of ancient Chinese building of several layers of cogon and held WALL undertakings. It snakes, loops, and doubles together by seasoned s ticks or back on itself. Meandering across valleys, reeds and rattan to withstand plains, scaling mountains, plunging into deep fiercest typhoons in the north. gorges and leaping raging rivers of 3,700 146. KEN Intercolumniation is regulated by miles. this standard of Japanese 135. GROINS Line of intersection of cross -vaults. measurement, which is divided into 20 parts called minutes and each 136. HAREM Women's or private quarters of a house or minute being again divided into 20 place in Islamic architecture. parts or seconds of space. 137. HELM Bulbous termination to the top of a tower, 147. KEYSTONE The central stone of a semi -circular ROOF found principally in Central & Eastern Europe. arch, sometimes sculptured. 138. HERALDIC A coat of arms; connected with heraldry or 148. KIOSK A small pavilion, usually open - built heralds: belonging or relating to heraldry or in gardens & parks. heralds 149. LANTERN A construction such as a to wer, at 139. HERMES A bust (sculpture of head & shoulders) on a the crossing of a church rising square pedestal instead of a human body, above the neighboring roofs and used in classic times to mark boundaries on glazed at the sides. highways, and used decoratively in Renaissance times. 150. LARDER A room where food is stored; a pantry ( a walk -in cupboard); a cupboard 151. "LESS IS MORE" Ludwig Mies Van Derohe 164. MOSQUE An inward -looking building whose prime purpose is for conte mplation & prayer. A 152. LEVER HOUSE Skidmore, Owings & Merril space without object 153. LOGGIA An arcade of roofed gallery built into or of adoration. (Muslim) projecting from the side of a building 165. MULLION Vertical members dividing windows into particularly one overlooking an open different number of lights. court. A covered balcony and walkway: a covered open -sided walkway, often with 166. MULLIONS Vertical tracery members dividing window s arches, along one side of a building into different numbers of light. A vertical window divider: a vertical piece of stone, 154. MANSARD A roof having a double slope on four metal, or wood that divides the panes of a sides; the lower slope being much steeper window or the panels of a screen and the flatter upper portion. Also known as the gambrel roof. 167. NARTHEX A long arcaded entrance porch to a Christian Basilican Church. 155. MARANAO Lowlands area house with pithed roof, HOUSE made of bamboo poles, thatch roof with 168. NAVE The principal or central longitudinal area of woven slit canes for walls and split a church, extending fro m the main entrance bamboo slats flooring. or narthex to the CHANCEL (area of church near altar: an area of a church near the altar 156. MASTABA An ancient Egyptian rectangular, flat - for the use of clergy and choir, often topped funerary mound with battered separated from the nave by a screen or (sloping) sides covering a steps) usually flanked by aisles of less burial chamber blow ground height. 157. MAUSOLEUM A term applied to monumental tombs. 169. NEWEL The central shaft of a circular staircase. Also They consisted of large cylindrical blocks, applied to the post in which the handrail is often on a quadrangular podium, topped framed. with a conical crown of earth or stone. 170. NICHE a (shell) or a recess in a wall, hallowed like a 158. MAYAN Pre-Columbian edifice dedicated to the shell for a statue or ornament. TEMPLE service or worship of their god which is PYRAMID made of stones entered by a single door 171. NIPA HOUSE A house with a prow -like (front of ship) to a very steep single flight of steps, majestic roof, the polychrome, extravagant above it rises a high stone roof. wooden carvings derived from the Malay Mythical bird the "Sari Manok" The silken 159. MINARET a tall tower in, or continuous to a mosque Muslim canopies in the Interiors. The ar ch stairs leading up to one or more protruding ends of floor beams are balconies from which the faithful are decorated with intricate carvings. called to prayer. 172. NYMPHAEUM A room decorated with plants, sculpture 160. "MODERN Kenzo Tange and fountains (often decorated with ARCHITECTURE beautiful Maiden living in Rivers, trees) and NEED NOT BE intended for relaxation. [nymph: a spirit or a WESTERN" minor goddess of nature; or a beautiful 161. MODILLIONS Also called 'brackets" or "consoles" or young woman] "ancones" . It is a projecting member to 173. OBELISK Huge monoliths, square on plan and support a weight. generally formed with tapering to an electrum-capped (alloy of scrolls or volutes which carry the upper silver & gold) "pyra-midion" at the summit, member of a cornice (a projecting which was the sacred part. The four sides moulding at the top of a wall or at where are cut with hieroglyphics. the wall & ceiling meets); also a bracket in Corinthian order: a small curved 174. OGEE A double curve, resembling the letter "S", ornamental bracket under the corona of a formed by the union of a curve and a Corinthian or Composite column convex line. 162. MONASTERY A building complex of a certain English 175. ORIEL A bay window especially cantilevered or order or a self-contained community used WINDOW corbelled out from the face of the wall by by monks. means of projecting stones. 163. MOSAIC Decorative surfaces formed by small cubes of stones, glass & marble. 176. PAGODA Most typical Chinese building, usually 188. PILASTER Is a rectangular feature in the shape of a octagonal in plan, odd number o STRIP pillar, but projecting only about one sixth of stories usually 9 or 13 storeys and its breadth (distance from side to side) from repeated roofs, highly colored and the wall. with upturned eaves , slopes to each 189. PINNACLE A turret (small rounded tower) or part of a storey. building elevated above the main building. 177. PAILOU A Chinese ceremonial gateway architecture pointed ornament: a pointed erected in memory of an eminent ornament on top of a buttress or parapet person. 190. PLATERESQUE Phase of the early period of Spanish 178. PALAZZO An Italian impressive building or architecture of the later 15th and early 16th private building century, an intricate style named after its likeness to sil verwork; elaborately 179. PANTRY A serving room between kitchen and decorated: relating to a heavily decorated dining room, or a room for stor age of architectural style fashionable in 16th - food supplies. century Spain, reminiscent of elaborate 180. PARLIAMENT Lucio Costa & Oscar Nimeyer silverware BUILDINGS, BRAZIL 191. PLINTH The lowest square member of the base of a 181. PATIO A Spanish arcaded or colonnaded column yard; a paved area outside a house: a 192. PODIUM The high platform on which temples were paved area adjoining a house, used generally placed (in general, any elevate for outdoor dining, growing plants in platform). A foundation wall: a low wall containers, and recreation. A roofless forming a foundatio n or base, for example courtyard: a roofless inner courtyard for a colonnade typical of a Spanish -style house. 13. 193. PULPIT An elevated enclosed stand in a CHURCH 182. PAVILION (little house for pleasure & recreation). in which the preacher stands. A prominent structure, generally distinctive in cha racter. 194. PYRAMID A massive funerary structure of stone or brick with a square base and four sloping 183. PEDESTAL A support for a column statue or a triangular sides meeting at the apex. vase, it usually consists of a base. "Die" or Dado, and a cornice or cap mould. 195. QUOINS An eternal solid angle of a wall or the like. One of the stones forming it, corner stone 184. PEDIMENT A triangular piece of wall above the (Renaissance) A block forming a corner: a entablature enclosed by raking stone block used to form a quoin, cornices; architecture gable on especially when it is different, for example colonnade: a broad triangular or in size or material, from the other blocks or segmental gable surmounting a bricks in the wall colonnade as the major part of a facade 196. RARHS Rock-cut temples in India 185. PENDENTIVE the term applied to t he triangular 197. REFECTORY The dining hall of a monastery, convent or curved overhanging surface by means college. of which a circular dome is supported 198. RIB & PANEL Vaulting in Romanesque in which a over a square or polygonal framework of ribs supported thin stone compartment. a sloping triangular panels. The new method consisted in piece of vaulting between the arches designing the profile of the transverse that support a dome and its rim (crosswise or at right angle with something) 186. PIAZZA A public open space in Byzantine , longitudinal and diagonal ribs to which the architecture, surrounded by buildings. form of the pane ls was adopted. 187. PICTURESQUENESS Term in a specialized sense to describe one of the attitude s of taste towards architecture and landscape gardening in the late 18th and early 19th century; very attractive: visually pleasing enough to be the subject of a painting or photograph 199. ROCOCO - a term applied to a type of Renaissance 207. SPANDREL The triangular space enclosed by the curve "ROCK" ornament in which rock -like forms of an arch, a vertical line from its spri nging, fantastic scrolls, and 'crimped' folded or a horizontal line through its apex. A space pressed together) shells (are worked up between one arch or another. Space together in a profusion and confusion of between two arches and a cornice. detail often without organic coherence 208. SPHINX Mythical monsters each with the body of a but presenting a lavish display of lion and a h ead of a man, hawk, ram or decoration ; Any excessively ornate or woman possessed. fancy style; A style of architecture and the decorative arts characterized by 209. SPIRE The tapering termination of a tower in intricate ornamentation that was popular Gothic churches. throughout Europe in the early 18th centu 210. SQUINCH A small arch or bracket built across each ry. angle of a square or polygonal structure to 200. SALON In Renaissance, a room used primarily for form an octagon or other appropriate base exhibition of art objects, or a drawing for a dome or a spire. An interior room;[grand sitting room; social supporting part of a tower: an arch, gathering of intellectuals; art exhibition or corbelling, or lintel built across the upper in gallery] side corner of a square tower to support the weight of a spire or other structure 201. SAN MIGUEL Manuel Mañosa above CORP. BUILDING 211. STAMBAS/ Monumental pillars standing free without LATHS any structural function, with circular or 202. SARCOPHAGUS Taken from a tomb chamber, or the octagonal shafts with inscriptions carved in ornamental treatment given to a stone it. The capital was bell -shaped and coffin hewn out of one block of marble crowned with animal supported bearing the and with sculptures, figures and festoons Buddhist will of Law. (garland) of a late period, surmounted by lids like roofs terminating in scrolls. stone 212. STEEPLE The term applied to a tower crowned by a coffin: an ancient stone or marble coffin, spire often decorated with sculpture an d 213. STELLAR A vault in which the ribs compose a "star- inscriptions VAULT shaped" pattern. 203. SCROLL An ornament consisting of a spirally 214. STOA A long colonnaded building, served many wound band, either as a running purp oses, used around public places and ornament or as a terminal, like the as shelter at religious shrines; an ancient volutes of the ionic capital. covered walkway: in ancient Greece, a 204. SOFFIT The exposed undersurface of any covered walkway, usually with a row of overhead component of a building such columns on one as an arch, balcony, beam, cornice, lintel side and a wall on the other or vault. bottom surface: the underside of 215. STONEHENGE Consists of a complex of "sarsen" (any of a structural component of a building, for the many large sedimentary rocks that have example the underside of a roof been broken into blocks by frost action and overhang or the inner curve of an arch are found scattered across the chalk downs 205. SOLOMON Frank Lloyd Wright of southern E ngland )stones and smaller GUGGENHEIM blue stones set in a circle and connected MUSEUM by lintelals
206. SPACE-FRAME A structural system consisting of trusse s
in two directions rigidly connected at their intersections. A rectangular shape is formed where the top and bottom chords of the trusses are directly above & below one another. 216. STRAPWORK A type of relief ornam ent or cresting 227. TRANSEPT The part of a cruciform church, projecting at [cresting: a decorative roof ridge: an right angles to the main building. Wings of ornamental ridge on a roof ] resembling the church: the part of a cross -shaped church studded leather straps arranged in that runs at right angles to the long central geometrical and sometimes interlaced part (nave) patterns much used in the early renaissance 228. TRANSOM The horizontal divisions or crossbars of architecture of England . A decorative work windows. on building: decorative work in the form of crossing or interlaced bands on the outside 229. TRIUMPHAL These are arches erected to emperors and of a building, especially in Tudor ARCH generals commemorating victorious architecture (1485-1603). [Tudor: relating to campaigns; has one or three openings. Such Tudor architectural style: relating to or being arches were adorned with appropriate bas- a style of architecture popular throu ghout reliefs (flat sculpture; slightly projecting) and the Tudor period. Its buildings typically have usually carried grit-bronze statuary (statues a timber framework, visible from the outside, considered collectively) on an attic storey filled in with plaster or brick] and having a dedicatory inscription in its face. 217. STUPA Domical mounds which grouped with their rails, gateways, prof essional paths and 230. TROMPE L' "Fool the eye" - are paintings adorning crowning umbrella came to be known as OEIL everything from cabinets to cupboards, fire symbols of the universe; a Buddhist shrine, screen to dishwashers. This creates an illusion temple, or pagoda that houses a relic or of space. A make -believe doorway for marks the location of an auspicious event. example extends a hall. A gla ss cabinet or door is painted with cows and chicken and 218. SYDNEY Jorn Utzon make -believe or create an outdoor scene. OPERA HOUSE 231. TUDOR- Picturesque composition built in America REVIVAL since 1980. Hall timbering and massive 219. TABERNACLE A decorative niche often topped with a medieval chimney. Identified by prominent canopy and housing a statue or an icon. gables and large expansive windows with s 220. TAHANANG Francisco "bobby" Mañosa mall panes. FILIPINO/ 232. TURRET small towers, often containing stairs, and COCONUT forming special features in medieval buildings. PALACE 233. TWA Eero Saarinen 221. TEA HOUSE n Japan, a structure where the appreciation KENNEDY of the arts and flower arrangement, with AIRPORT, drinking ceremony is done. NY 222. TERRA-COTA Earth-baked (unglazed) or burnt in moulds. 234. VAULT an arch covering in stone o r brick over any For use in construction, harder in quality building; architecture arched ceiling: an than brick. [brownish red color] arched structure of stone, brick, wood, or 223. THERMAE Palatial public baths of Imperial Rome raised plaster that forms a ceiling or roof; a room on a high platform; hot springs: hot springs with arched ceiling: a room, especially an or baths, especially the public baths of underground room, with an arched ceiling ancient Rome. 235. VERANDAH A covered porch (porch-roofed exterior of a 224. TORII Shinto temples (Shinto-Japanese religion) are room) or balcony (balcony- a platform characterized by this gateway formed by projecting from an interior or exterior wall of upright posts supporting two or more a building) extending along the outside of a horizontal beams. building, planned for summer leisure. 225. TORUS a large convex moulding used principally in 236. VESTIBULE An ante-room to a larger apartment of a the bases of columns. building; An entrance hall: a small room or hall between an 226. TRACERY The ornamental pattern work in stone , filling outer door and the main part of a building the upper part of a gothic window. 237. VOUSSOIRS Any of the pieces, in the shape of a truncated wedge, which form an arch or a vault. A wedge -shaped stone: a wedge-shaped brick or stone used to form the curved parts of an arch or vault 238. WARDROBE A room for storage of garments. 239. WATA- Outstanding architectural creat ion in Sri Lanka which is a circular relic house built in stone and DAGE brick. 240. WREATH A twisted band, garland or chaplet, representing flowers, fruits l eaves, often used in decoration; A circular arrangement of flowers: a circular arrangeme nt of flowers and greenery placed as a memorial on a grave, hung up as a decoration, or put on somebody's head as a sign of honor; a representation of wreath: a representation of a circular arrangement of flowers, vines, or other things, for example in a c arving or on a coat of arms; [headdress; garland; laurel] 241. ZIGGURAT Artificial Mountains made up of tiered (layered), rectangular stages which rose in number from one to seven