ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 1 ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 2

Centroid of an Area Shear stress

b
shear force dFxy
 yx   xx 2
dx A*
area
dFyx dFxy  dFyx dFxy
 dFyx  xx1
b  dx M xz y y

N.A.
Since  yx   xy (b  dx  A* )
z x
M xz  dM xz
1 dFyx dFyx1
  xy  as  ( Fxy ) A* y
b dx dx Iz
1 Fxy *
 Ay
b Iz Q  A* y

1 Fxy * F Q
The Shear Formula  xy  A y  xy
Q y   xdA  Ax Qx   ydA  Ay
(3.1)
b Iz I zb
A A

ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 3 ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 4

By using the shear formula, we have 1 Fxy * Fxy Q

 xy  A y
6P  h 
2
 b Iz I zb Pt E 40
 xy     y1 
2
mm from
bh 3  2   top fibre yt

P
Fxy (kN) 7
M y
P y  x   xz
 avg  Iz
A (compressive)
 xx (-ve) A C B D x
3 E
M M 4 The shear force and
 max 
3P
x N. A. M xz bending moment
2A (kNm) diagrams can be
( M xz ) E 6 6
 4.5
constructed as shown.
 xx (+ve) 1.5 2
Shear stress distribution  ( M xz ) E  4.5 kNm
(tensile) A B D
E C x
3P 3P
At y1  0,  xy   max   Bending stress distribution
8
2bh 2 A
 ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 5 ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 6

Q: What should the value of b be? (b) Largest Stresses. Fmax  7 kN, 2  x  4 (m)
If aa is slightly above b  80 mm 16.7
If aa is slightly below b  20  20 mm Qmax  A1* y1  2 A2* y2  80  40  (56.7  20)  2  20  16.7 
2
A1 So 80 mm? or (20+20 mm)?
yt  (80  40  36.7  2  20  16.7  8.4)  109 m3
Answer: 20+20 mm FmaxQmax
80 mm 20 mm 20 mm  123  106 m3  max   2.05 MPa
A2 A3 Ib
30 mm yt yt  56.7 mm
A4 a a
N.A. 100 mm
60 mm N.A.
40 mm
To determine yt a a yt yt

(120  80  40  60) yt A2 & A3

25 mm
20 mm
80 mm A1 20 mm
A1
 60  yt
 (80  40  20)  2(20  60)   40   16.7 mm
A4  2 
A2 A3
 20  Qmax  80  (63.3)  (63.3 / 2) 43.3 mm 120  yt
 20  80  100  
 2  7200 yt  64  103  168  103  176  103  40  (43.3)  (43.3 / 2) A4

408  103  123  106 m3

 yt   56.7 mm
7200

ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 7 ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 8

Shear Stress Distribution in Hollow Circular Beams Equation  max  4 Fxy / 3 A is applicable with rigor to circular tube as shown in
First, we find out the centroid of a semicircle. The area shown shaded in the Figure the Figure since the same assumption as in the previous derivation are valid.
as dA  dd . This gives By the following equations, FxyQ Fxy ( 2 / 3)( c23  c13 )
 max  
I zb ( / 4)( c24  c14 )2( c2  c1 )
 
A 


c
dd  ( c 2  b2 )  (c  b)( c  b) x
Ax ,i i
y
Ay i i

Fxy ( 2 / 3)( c2  c1 )( c22  c2c1  c12 )

4 Fxy c22  c2 c1  c12
2 2
A A
0 b
i i ( / 4)( c22  c12 )( c22  c12 )2( c2  c1 ) 3A c22  c12
First moment Qx .
where xi , yi represent the coordinates of the centroids of the component areas
Qx   ydA  
 c
Ai (i  1,2,, n ), we have
A 0 b
 sin d d At centroid axis z of circular tube
 c 2
   sin  dd
2
Q  ( c23  c13 ), b  2( c2  c1 ), A   ( c22  c12 ),
b
0 b
3

1
 ( c 3  b3 )  sin d  
 Iz  (c24  c14 )
3 0
0 sin d  cos 0  2 4
2 2
 ( c 3  b3 )  ( c  b)( c 2  bc  b2 ) Hence, the maximum shear stress is given by
3 3
Ordinate of centroid. FxyQ 4 Fxy c22  c2c1  c12
Q A  Qx  (2 / 3)(c  b)(c 2  bc  b2 )  4 c 2  bc  b2
ydA  max   (3.4)
y x  I zb 3A c22  c12
A  dA A ( / 2)( c  b)( c  b) 3 cb
A Hollow circular cross-section
ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 9 ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 10

Solution.
Example 3.3
• Loads: Shear force F  60 kN
Determine the principal stresses of the cantilevered I-beam at Max. bending moment at fix support of the beam
y
point A, B and C respectively. M  60(0.3)  18 kN 0.3 m 60 kN

• The 2nd moment of area I x

A 60 kN 102  6.6 160  (10.3  2)
1
300mm 10.3mm 102mm I  (102  1603  95.4  139.43 )  13.28  106 mm4 Fxy FxyQ
I z b A*
12  xy  ydA 
80  10.3  (10.3 / 2) I zb
80mm A* y B  102  10.3  74.85  78.6  103 mm3
Q   * ydA  A* y
6.6mm A* yC  A* y B  6.6  69.7  34.85  94.6  103 mm3
A
80mm
80  10.3 69.7 / 2
C B
• At A 10.3mm 102mm A

My A  18  103  0.08 80mm

A     108.4 MPa,  A  0 B
x y   y  13.28  106
2

 1, 2    x    xy2
I 6.6mm C 80mm
2  2   ( 1 ,  2 ,  3 )  (108.4, 0, 0) x y x  y 
2

 1, 2       xy
2

2  2 

ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 11 ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 12

• At B Example 3.4
Fxy FxyQ
 18  10  0.0697
I z b A*
 xy 
3
My B ydA 
B     94.5 MPa, I zb An 80 mm diameter cantilever aluminum bar is loaded as shown in
I 13.28  106 the Figure. Allowable stresses in tension and shear on a section 320
FA* y B 60  103  78.6  106 Q   * ydA  A* y
B    53.8 MPa A mm from the free end are 90 MPa and 50 MPa, respectively. Let
Ib 13.28  106  0.0066 T  0.2 R Nm and P  20R N . Find the largest value of the vertical
2
94.5  94.5  load R.
 1,2      53.8  118.8 MPa,  24.6 MPa
2

2  2 
 ( 1 ,  2 ,  3 )  (118.8,  24.6, 0)
10.3mm 102mm A

B 80mm
• At C 6.6mm C 80mm
FA* yC 60  103  94.6  106
 C  0,  C    64.8 MPa
Ib 13.28  106  0.0066
 ( 1 ,  2 ,  3 )  (64.8,  64.8, 0)
x y   y 
2

 1, 2    x    xy2
2  2 
ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 13 ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 14

Since Q  As y  (c / 2)( 4c / 3 ) and b  2c , the maximum direct shearing

2
Solution. The geometry properties of the section are
stress at point A (the centroid z axis of the cross-section) is
A  c 2  (0.04) 2   16 (10-4 ) m 2 , Fxy FxyQ
I z b A*
 xy  ydA 
Fxy   R I zb
d 4  F Q 4F
 d  xy  xy  
4R

833R
I  (0.08) 4  64 (108 ) m 4 c 4 Q   * ydA  A y
3(16  104 ) 
*
64 64 Iz  I zb 3A A
4
J  2 I  128 (108 ) m 4 Stress at Point A. The max. principal stress and max. shearing stress at point A,
as shown in Fig. (b)
The normal stress at all points of the bar is 2
Fxy (c / 2)( 4c / 3 )
2 2 d 
12,500 R  12,500 R   6250 R 833R  (c 4 / 4)( 2c )
P 20 R 12,500 R ( 1 ) A        
 x    2  2      
4 Fxy
A 16 (104 )  3A
6250 R 9446 R 15,696 R
At section B   
and the torsional stress at the outer fiber of the bar is   
M   Ra  0.32 R
x  y 
2
Tc 0.2 R(0.04) 6250 R
t      
My
( max ) 
9446 R  max      xy2
J 128 (108 )  I 
 2 

The max. tensile stress occurs as point B of the section concerned. Hence,
for a  320 mm , we have
Mc 0.32 R(0.04) 20,000 R
 x   
I 64 (108 ) 

ME2112 (Part 1) Chap 3 - 15

Stress at Point B. Similarly, at Point B as shown Fig. (c), the max. principal
stress and max. shearing stress are found as
2 2
32,500 R  32,500 R   6250 R 
( 1 ) B       
2  2    
16,250 R 17,411R 33,661R
  
  
17,411R x  y 
2
( max )   max      xy
2
  2 
Note that the stresses at B are more severe than those at A. Substituting
the given data into the foregoing, we have
33,661R
90(106 )  or R  8.4 kN  all  90 MPa

and  all  50 MPa
17,411R
50(106 )  or R  9 kN

The magnitude of the largest permissible load is therefore R  8.4 kN.