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AMENDMENT NO.

1/JULY 2017
TO
IRC:6-2017 “Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section-II Loads and Load Combinations”
(Seventh Revision)
S. No. Clause No. For Read
Page No.
1 ANNEX-B, New Clause 9. Combination for Design of Bearings
Add new a) The design of the various bearings shall be based on serviceability or ultimate limit
Clause 9 state depending upon the safety classification of the limit state under consideration.
after clause 8
(Page 90) b) For structures with elastic behaviour, all forces and movements should be based on
characteristic values of action. The method of calculation for actions, rotations and

34 INDIAN HIGHWAYS, AUGUST 2017


deformations shall follow principles set out in IRC:112 (for concrete structures),
IRC:24 (for Steel Structures) and IRC:22 (for composite structures). Where
the deformation of the foundation or the piers or the bearings has a significant
influence on the forces on bearings or the movements of bearings, these elements
should be included in the analysis model.
c) The relevant partial factors and combination rules should be applied at serviceability,
ultimate limit states in conformity with the principles set out in Table B.1 to Table
AMENDMENTS

B.4 of this code, unless otherwise stated below.


d) For determining the design values of actions on bearings and their rotations
and movements, the relevant loading combination for the Basic, Accidental and
Seismic load combinations should be taken into account under ULS.
e) Design displacements and rotations due to ‘creep’ and ‘shrinkage’ in concrete shall
be considered by multiplying mean values of deformation by a factor of 1.35 under
ULS
2 Table B.1 Thermal effects include restraint associated Thermal effects include restraint associated with expansion / contraction due to type
Foot Note No. 3 with expansion/contraction due to type of construction (Portal Frame, arch and elastomeric bearings), frictional restraint in
(Page 92) of construction (Portal Frame, arch and metallic bearings and thermal gradients.
elastomeric bearings), frictional restraint in
metallic bearings and thermal gradients. This
combination however is not valid for the
design of bearing and expansion joint.
S. No. Clause No. For Read
Page No.
3 Table B.2 New Note  The partial safety factor shown under permanent loads, against adding to the
Add new Foot effect of variable loads in 1.1(a) and 1.2(a) shall be used for loads which are
Note No. 7 causing unfavourable effects on bearing and those shown against 1.1(b) and
(Page 94) 1.2(b) shall be used for loads which are causing favourable effects (e,g. for
checking the minimum contact pressure of 3 Mpa due to permanent loads
under elastomeric bearings) for checking the relevant design condition

4 Table B.3 Thermal effects include restraint associated  Thermal effects include restraint associated with expansion/contraction due to type
Foot Note No. 2 with expansion / contraction due to type of construction (Portal Frame, arch and elastomeric bearings), frictional restraint
(Page 95) of construction (Portal Frame, arch and in metallic bearings and thermal gradients.
elastomeric bearings), frictional restraint in
metallic bearings and thermal gradients. This
combination however is not valid for the
design of bearing and expansion joint.

5 219.5 Note:- For structural components like short Note:- For short rigid structural components like short piers and rigid abutments, the
Computation and rigid abutments, the value of Sa/g shall be value of Sa/g shall be taken as 1. The component is considered as rigid in case the
of Seismic taken as 1. Also , the response reduction factor time period is less than 0.03 sec. Also , the response reduction factor R shall be taken
Response R shall be taken as 1.0 for seismic design of as 1.0 for seismic design of such structural component.
AMENDMENTS

– Note Fig. such structures.


20 Response
Spectra
(Page 67)

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Angular Deviation ‘1’ to ‘5’ denotes following: 
 
1 Pivot  point  is  ‘A’,  where  tensile  strain  εu  =  εudin  reinforcement.  Section  is  fully  in  axial  tension  with  some  bending.  Neutral  axis  outside  the  section. 
Compressive strain in concrete, εc≤0 (Negative). Failure occurs due to yielding of steel. 
2 Pivot point is ‘A’, where tensile strain εu = εudin reinforcement. Section is in combined axial and bending. Neutral axis within the section. Compressive strain 
in concrete, 0 ≤εc≤εcu2. Failure occurs due to yielding of steel. 
3 Pivot  point  is  ‘B’,  where  compressive  strain  εc  =  εcu2  in  concrete.  Section  is  in  combined  axial  and  bending.  Neutral  axis  within  the  section.  Strain  in 
reinforcement, εyd ≤ εs ≤ εud. The failure of the section occurs by an excess of plastic strain in concrete 
4 Pivot  point  is  ‘B’,  where  compressive  strain  εc  =  εcu2  in  concrete.  Section  is  in  combined  axial  and  bending.  Neutral  axis  within  the  section.  Strain  in 
reinforcement, εs ≤ εyd. The failure of the section occurs by an excess of plastic strain in concrete 
5 Pivot point is ‘C’, where compressive strain  εc =  εc2  in concrete. Section is in axial compression with some bending. Neutral axis outside the section. The 
failure of the section occurs by an excess of average strain in concrete 
 
Fig. 8.2 as proposed
Sl. Clause No. For Read
No. (Page No.)
3. Table 12.1, Table 12.1 Recommended Values of Wmax Table 12.1 Recommended Values of Wmax
Page 122
Condition of Reinforced Prestressed Condition of Reinforced members Prestressed members
Exposure members and members with Exposure and prestressed with bonded tendons
As per prestressed bonded As per Clause members with un-
Clause members with tendons 14.3.1 bonded tendons
14.3.1 un-bonded Quasi-permanent load Frequent load
tendons combination (mm) combination (mm)
Quasi- Frequent load
AMENDMENTS

permanent combination
Moderate 0.3 0.2
load (mm)
combination Severe 0.3 0.2
(mm) Very Severe 0.3 0.2 and decompression
Moderate 0.3 0.2 Extreme 0.2 0.2 and decompression
Severe 0.3 0.2
Very Severe 0.2 0.2 and
and Extreme decompression
4. Table 14.1, New Addition Add following note below table.
Page 141
Note: Relative Humidity is as defined in note no. (3) below Table 6.9.

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Sl. Clause No. For Read
No. (Page No.)
5. Notes below New addition Add note (iii) below table.
Table 14.4,
Page 145 Where chloride is encountered along with sulphates in soil, ground water or in
ambient air, ordinary portland cement with C3A content from 5 to 8 percent
shall be desirable to be used in concrete instead of sulphate resisting cement.
6. Annexure RH to the relative humidity of the ambient RH is average of relative humidity (RH) of atmosphere.
A2.5, Page environment in percent.
238
7. Annexure RH to the relative humidity of the ambient RH is average of relative humidity (RH) of atmosphere.
A2.6, Page environment in percent.
240
8. 18.8.5, Page The temperature of the concrete at the time of The temperature of the concrete at the time of placement should be as low as
224 placement should be as low as possible but in no possible but in no case more than 35oC

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case more than 30oC
The metal sheathing shall conform to the requirements specified in
Clause
ANNEXURE-A5 and a test certificate shall be furnished by the manufacturer.
9 13.4.2 (4), New Clause
The joints of all sheathing shall be watertight and conform to provisions
Page # 135
specified in ANNEXURE : A-5
The material for the ducts shall be high density The material for the ducts shall be high density polyethylene with more than
polyethylene with more than 2% carbon black to 2% carbon black to provide resistance to ultraviolet degradation and properties
Clause provide resistance to ultraviolet degradation and of raw materials shall comply with the provisions of ANNEXURE-A5"
AMENDMENTS

10 13.4.3 (1), properties of raw materials shall comply with the


Page # 135 technical report Bulletin-7 published by FIB
"corrugated plastic ducts for internal bonded post
tensioning"
The wall thickness of the duct as manufactured shall The minimumwall thickness of the duct as manufactured shall be 2.0mm,
be 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, and 4mm for the ducts of 2.5mm, 3mm, and 4mm for the ducts of internaldiameter 50mm, 85mm,
Clause internal diameter up to 50mm, 85mm, 100mm and 100mm and 125mmrespectively.Linear interpolation may be done for any
11 13.4.3 (2), 125mm. The minimum residual wall thickness after intermediate values.
Page # 135 loss (wear resistance) shall not be less than 1.5mm Tolerance for duct diameter is ±1% or ± 1mm, whichever is greater. Tolerance
for ducts up to 85mm in diameter and not less than for wall thickness shall be -0/+0.5mm.
2mm for ducts greater than 85mm in diameter.
For internally bonded tendons, the ducts shall be corrugated on both sides. The
The ducts shall be corrugated on both sides. The
Clause ducts shall transmit full tendon strength from the tendon to the surrounding
ducts shall transmit full tendon strength from the
12 13.4.3 (3), concrete over a length not greater than 40-ducts’ diameter.
tendon to the surrounding concrete over a length not
Page # 135
greater than 40-ducts’ diameter.
Sl. Clause No. For Read
No. (Page No.)
13 Section 1 A-4 Structural Design by “Working loads/Allowable A-4 Structural Design by “Working loads/Allowable Stresses Method-
Contents, Stresses Method” Withdrawn
Normative
Annexures
A-4.
Page(vi)

14 Section 1 New
Contents, A-5 Test on Mild Steel and Corrugated HDPE sheeting ducts.
Normative -
Annexures
A-5.
Page(vi)
15 Section 1 - NEW
Contents, A-6Design considerations for Construction stages
Normative
Annexures
A-6.
Page(vi)

16 18.9 - NEW
Page 229 18.9 Design considerations for construction stages
Refer to Annexure A-6
AMENDMENTS

_______________

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AMENDMENTS

ANNEXURE A-5
(Refer Clause 13.4.2 and Clause 13.4.3)
TESTS ON MILD STEEL AND CORRUGATED HDPE SHEATHING
DUCTS

1.0 FOR MILD STEEL SHEATHING DUCTS


All tests specified below shall be carried out on the same sample in the order given below. At least 3
samples for one lot of supply (not exceeding 7000 metre length) shall be tested.

1.1 Workability Test


A test sample 1100 mm long is soldered to a fixed base plate with a soft solder (Fig. A5-1).The sample is
then bent to a radius of 1800 mm alternately on either side to complete 3 cycles.

Thereafter, the sealing joints will be visually inspected to verify that no failure or opening has taken place.

Fig. A5-1. Workability Test

1.2 Transverse Load Rating Test


The test ensures that stiffness of the sheathing is sufficient to prevent permanent distortion during site
handling.

The sample is placed on a horizontal support 500 mm long so that the sample is supported at all points of
outward corrugations.

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AMENDMENTS

A load as specified in Table-A5-1 below is applied gradually at the centre of the supported portion
through a circular contract surface of 12 mm dia. Couplers shall be placed so that the load is applied
approximately at the centre of two corrugations, Fig. A5-2. The load as specified below is applied in
increments.

Fig. A5-2. Transverse Load Rating Test

Table A5-1 : Table showing Duct Diameter-Test Load relationship

Between more than more than more than more than more than more than
Dia: 25 mm 35 mm 45 mm 55 mm 65 mm 75mm 85 mm
to Up to Up to Up to Up to Up to Up to
35 mm 45 mm 55 mm 65 mm 75 mm 85 mm 90 mm

Load: 250 N 400 N 500 N 600 N 700 N 800 N 1000 N


The sample is considered acceptable if the permanent deformation is less than 5 per cent.
1.3 Tension Load Test
The test specimen is subjected to a tensile load. The hollow core is filled with a wooden circular piece
having a diameter of 95 per cent of the inner dia of the sample to ensure circular profile during test
loading, Fig. A5-3.

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AMENDMENTS

Fig. A5-3 : Tension Load Test


A coupler is screwed on and the sample loaded in increments, till specified load. If no deformation of the
joints nor slippage of couplers is noticed, the test shall be considered satisfactory :
Dia in mm Load
25 upto 35 300 N
More than 35 upto 45 500 N
More than 45 upto 55 800 N
More than 55 upto 65 1100 N
More than 65 upto 75 1400 N
More than 75 upto 85 1600 N
More than 85 upto 90 1800 N
1.4 Water Loss Test
The sample is sealed at one end. The sample is filled with water and after sealing, the end is connected
to a system capable of applying a pressure of 0.05 MPa, Fig. A5-4 and kept constant for 5 minutes, hand
pump and pressure gauge or stand pipe system can be used.

Fig. A5-4 : Water Loss Test

The sample is acceptable if the water loss does not exceed 1.5 per cent of the volume . The volume is
worked out as follows:

Another sample 500 mm long is sealed at one end and the volume of hallow space arrived at by pouring
water from a measuring cylinder.

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AMENDMENTS

The computation of relative profile volume is worked out as follows:


Va - Premeasured quantity of water in measuring cylinder
Vb - Balance quantity of water left in the cylinder after completely filling of the test sample
Actual Volume ‘Vp’ = Va -Vb

Relative Profile Volume = Vp - cm3/ cm3


Where l is length of specimen and Ø internal nominal dia. of sheathing.

1.5 Specification for Sheathing Duct Joints


The sheathing ducts shall be of the spiral corrugated type. For major projects, the sheathing ducts should
preferably be manufactured at the project site utilising appropriate machines. With such an arrangement,
long lengths of sheathing ducts may be used with consequent reduction in the number of joints and
couplers.
Where sheathing duct joints are unavoidable, such joints shall be made cement slurry tight by the use of
corrugated threaded sleeve couplers which can be tightly screwed on to the outer side of the sheathing
ducts. A heat-shrink coupler could also be used if suitable.
Typical details of a sleeve coupler is shown in Fig.A5-5. The length of the coupler should not be less
than 150 mm but should be increased upto 200 mm wherever practicable. The joints between the ends
of the coupler and the duct shall be sealed with adhesive sealing tape to prevent penetration of cement
slurry during concreting. The couplers of adjacent ducts should be staggered wherever practicable. As
far as possible, couplers should not be located in curved zones. The corrugated sleeve couplers are being
conveniently manufactured using the sheath making machine with the next higher size of die set.

Fig. A5-5 : Typical details of a sleeve coupler

The hear-shrink coupler Fig.A5-6 is supplied in the form of bandage rolls which can be used for all
diameters of sheathing ducts. The bandage is coated on the underside with a heat sensitive adhesive so
that after heating the bandage material shrinks in to the sheathing and ensures formation of a leak proof
joint, without the need for extra taping or support in the form of corrugated sleeve couplers. The heating
is effected by means of a soft gas flame.

Fig. A5-6 : Typical details of a Shrink coupler


2.0 FOR CORRUGATED HDPE SHEATHING DUCTS
A summary of all the requirements, methods of verification, and acceptance criteria for the polymer duct
system together with the components and material is given in Table A5-2 below. The Table is in line
with the technical report Bulletin 75 published by fib titled “Polymer – duct systems for internal bonded
post-tensioning”.

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Table A5-2 : Summary of requirements, methods of verification and acceptance criteria for polymer-duct systems -
Recommended specification

Relevant
Clause
No. of
Sr. No. Requirement Method of verification Acceptance criteria Frequency of Test
Bulletin
No. 75,
fib
Material

1 Material 5.2 Table Material certificates based on Material to comply with certificates, specified As specified in footnote of Table 5.2 of
requirements 5.2 testing properties, and declared properties fib75
Test reports Specified
properties Declared material

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properties
Components
2 Dimensional 6.1 Data sheets - Existence of data sheets a) Initially,
requirements Annex Assembly drawings - Existence of assembly drawings b) When there is a change in design
A.1 Fabrication drawings - Existence of fabrication drawings c) For each type of material used
- Dimensions and tolerances of actual
components to comply with specified
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dimensions and tolerances


3 Stiffness of 6.2 Stiffness test of duct: -Actual flexural stiffness of duct determined in a) Initially,
duct Annex - at room temperature 23 0C test b) When there is a change in design
A.2 - at high temperature 45 0C -Maximum duct support spacing calculated c) For each type of material used
according to Section 6.2 with actual flexural
stiffness such as to limit duct deflection
between supports under defined load
4 Longitudinal 6.3 Longitudinal load resistance -Prefabricated and on a) Initially,
load resistance Annex test of duct -site fabricated tendon/duct systems to sustain b) When there is a change in design
of duct A.3 - at room temperature 23 0C imposed deformation caused by temperature c) For each type of material used
variation of 40 0C d) When a new connector is proposed
-Prefabricated tendon/duct systems to sustain for use
in addition specified minimum longitudinal
force for coiling
5 Lateral load 6.4 Lateral load resistance test -No transverse deformation exceeding 35% at a) Initially,
resistance of Annex of duct specified transverse load for immediate duct b) When there is a change in design
duct A.4 -at room temperature 23 0C deformation c) For each type of material used
-at high temperature 45 0C -No transverse deformation exceeding 10% or
5 mm after release of transverse load
6 Flexibility of 6.5 Flexibility test of duct system -No visual damage to duct or connector a) Initially,
duct system Annex -at room temperature 23 0C -No deformation of cross section > 5% b) When there is a change in design
A.5 -at low temperature -15 0C c) For each type of material used
-at high temperature 45 0C d) When a new connector is proposed
for use
7 Leak tightness 6.6 Leak tightness test of duct -Leak tight for tendons (5minutes) a) Initially,
of duct system Annex system b) When there is a change in design
A.6 -at room temperature 230C c) For each type of material used
d) When a new connector is proposed
for use
8 Concrete 6.7 Concrete pressure test on -Deformation of duct cross section when a) Initially,
pressure on Annex duct bent to minimum radius of curvature for field b) When there is a change in design
duct A.7 -at room temperature 23 0C installation ≤ 10% under negative pressure c) For each type of material used
of 0.75 bar or 0.25 bar for Class I or Class II,
respectively
9 Wear 6.8 Wear resistance test of duct -Residual wall thickness of duct ≥ 1.5 mm for a) Initially,
resistance of Annex -at room temperature 23 0C tendons b) When there is a change in design
duct A.8 -at high temperature 45 0C c) For each type of material used
10 Wear 6.9 Wear of duct under sustained -Residual wall thickness of duct ≥ 1.0 mm for a) Initially,
AMENDMENTS

resistance of Annex load tendons b) When there is a change in design


duct under A.9 -at room temperature 23 0C c) For each type of material used
sustained load -at high temperature 45 0C
11 Bond 6.10 Bond behaviour test of duct -Transfer 40% UTS of tendons within a length a) Initially,
behaviour of Annex -at room temperature 23 0C of ≤ 16 duct diameter b) When there is a change in design
duct A.10 c) For each type of material used
12 Precast 6.11 Precast segmental duct - Hold 3.5 bar pressure with ≤ 10% loss in 5 a) Initially,
segmental duct Annex coupler system test minutes for tendons b) When there is a change in design
coupler system A.11 -at room temperature 23 0C c) For each type of material used

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13 Fracture 6.12 Fracture resistance test of -No cracking of duct after 2 million cycles of a) A
 pproval-If declared as option of
resistance of Annex duct crack opening between 0.2 - 0.5 mm polymer duct system, this test should
duct (optional A.12 -at room temperature 23 0C be performed as part of the polymer
if performance duct system approval.
is declared b) P
 roject Specific- If not part of system
by system approval, but required for a specific
supplier) project.
System
14 Leak tightness 7.1 Leak tightness test of -Leak tight for tendons (5minutes) a) Initially,
of anchorage- Annex anchorage b) When there is a change in design and/
duct assembly B.1 -duct assembly or manufacturing process of polymer
-at room temperature 23 0C ducts, trumpets or connectors,
anchorage components.
c) For each type of duct material,
trumpet and anchorage components

50 INDIAN HIGHWAYS, AUGUST 2017


used.
d) When a new anchorage or trumpet is
proposed for use.
15 Full scale 7.4 Full scale PT and duct -Duct profile complies with specified profile a) Initially,
duct system Annex system assembly test -no apparent tendon profile kinks or b) When a new duct or connector or a
assembly B.4 -at ambient temperature discontinuities or loss connections new installation method is proposed
-no excessive duct deformations on support or for use.
AMENDMENTS

duct deflections between the supports spaced at


maximum permissible support spacing as per
Section 6.2
16 Leak tightness 7.5 Leak tightness test of -Pressure loss ≤ 10% of initial pressure after 5 a) Initially,
of assembled Annex assembled PT and duct minutes for tendons PL2 and PL3 b) W
 hen a new duct or connector or a
duct system B.5 system new installation method is proposed
for use.
AMENDMENTS

ANNEXURE A-6
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES

A6-1 General
(i) For bridges built in stages, the design and detailing shall take into account of the construction
procedure, sequence etc., as appropriate.Some situations are illustrated in the following.:

a) Where forces, other than those produced on the completed structure, occur in any structural
section during the phases of construction (e.g. deck erection by incremental launching, bridges
built by balanced cantilever, change in sections during construction, change of support conditions
during construction etc.).

b) Where redistribution of forces due to Creep, shrinkage and steel relaxation is originated by
changes to the structural arrangement during the construction process (e.g. continuous bridges
built span by span on false work or by cantilever).

c) Where distribution of stresses due to Creep, shrinkage and steel relaxationis originated by changes
to structural sections during the construction process (e.g. decks consisting of precast beams and
an insitu slab).

d) Where the erection or construction sequence may have an influence on: the stability of the
structure / capacity of section during construction, the forces in the completed structure, or the
geometry of the completed structure.

(ii) For structures in which any of the circumstances described in paragraphs (i) a) to d) apply, the
serviceability limit states and ultimate limit states should be verified during various construction
stages.

(iii) For structures in which the circumstances described in paragraphs (i) b) or c) apply, long term values
of forces or stresses should be determined from an analysis of redistribution effects. Step by step or
approximate methods may be used in these calculations.

(iv) For structures in which the circumstances described in paragraph (i) d) apply erection and casting
sequences/procedures should be indicated on drawings or detailed in a construction procedure
document along with assumed construction and equipment loads / configurations etc.

A6-2 Actions & Effects to be considered during construction


For the verifications of equilibrium and limit states during various construction stages following
construction loads and erection effects shall be considered.

A6-2.1 General
(a) Distributed construction live load taken as 50 kg/m2 of deck area for cantilever construction,
sequential/span by span construction etc.

(b) Specialized construction equipment load from launching gantry, from traveler, beam and winch,
movement of precast segments over constructed portion etc.

(c) Dynamic load of equipment may be taken as 10% of the lifting load.

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AMENDMENTS

(d) Longitudinal forces arising from construction equipment loads according to the type of the
machinery.

(e) Unbalanced load resulting from sequence /construction stage.

(f) Horizontal wind load on structure shall be taken in accordance with the provisions of IRC:6 for
construction stages.

(g) Effects arising from imposed deformations shallbe taken into account. These effects can be of
permanent nature, depending upon the situation. In such situations the strains and stresses shall
be algebraically superimposed as per applicable section at various construction stages.

(h) The support restraints during all construction stages shall be ensured tor stability against sliding
and overturning. The situation may arise when restraint, particularly in longitudinal direction,
may be absent during construction stage. Need of temporary restraint for this situation shall
be either accounted for in suggested sequence & detailing or constructor shall be instructed to
provide appropriate restraint.

A6-2.2 For cantilever construction


(a) Differential Dead Load of 2 % on one side of cantilever on unfavorable side.

(b) For verification of equilibrium under the accidental combination, dynamic response due to
accidental release of precast segment taken as equivalent to additional static load as 100% of the
weight of the precast segment.

A6- 3 Verification criteria


A6-3.1 Verification for static equilibrium
The equilibrium of the structure shall be verified for the combinations as per Table 3.1 of IRC:6.

A6- 3.2 Ultimate limit states


ULS verifications required for design during construction are the same as those given in sections 8,
9, 10 & 11.

A6- 3.3 Serviceability limit states


(a) 
Serviceability criteria for the completed structure need not be applied to intermediate
construction stages, provided that durability and final appearance of the completed structure
are not affected (e.g. crack width and deformations) and comply with applicable provisions of
the Code.

(b) The idea of frequent combination does not exist during construction and also limit states
related to durability are not pertinent for short term-phases as such limiting stresses in concrete
to 0.48 fck(t) and steel to 0.8fyk under rare combination during constructionis adequate.

(c) For bridges or element of bridges in which limit state of decompression is checked on the
completed structure, tensile stresses less than fctm(t) under the quasi permanent combination
during construction is permitted.

(d) Prestressing effects may be taken as rsup= rinf= 1.0 during the construction

52 INDIAN HIGHWAYS, AUGUST 2017


ERRATA NO.5/JULY 2017
TO
IRC:112-2011 –“Code of Practice for Concrete Road Bridges”

Sl. No. Clause No. For Read


(Page No.)
1. 6.4.2.3 ; (5)(a), βcc (t) follows from Eq 6.7 and βcc (t) follows from Eq 6.3
Page 41,
below Eq. 6.7
2. 8.2.1 (3), Fig. 8.1 as printed Fig. 8.1 as corrected
Fig. 8.1, (Refer sketch attached below)
Page 71

3. 10.3.4, Indented: a surface with indentations complying with Indented: a surface with indentations complying with
Page 96 Fig. 10.8 Fig. 10.8:μ = 0.9
ERRATA

4. 6.4.1 (c), Page 36 High performance concrete is similar to standard High performance concrete is similar to standard
concrete but contains additional one or more mineral concrete but contains additional one or more mineral
admixtures providing….. admixtures and super plasticizers providing….

B
A s2 (1- C2/ CU2) h
or
Strain distribution for (1- C3/ CU3) h
section with neutral
d axis within section
h C Strain distribution for section
with zero strain at the least
AP compressed face
p p(0)
Ap
AR
A s1 Strain distribution for section Fig. 8.1
in axial compression
Tension Compression
s, p c
ud y c2 cu2
=0.9 uk
0 ( c3) ( cu3)

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