‘’›”‹‰Š–̹ʹͲͳͳȂ‹‘‡Ž‹’”ƒ†‹Ȁ‡†‹œ‹‘‹

Š‹•„‘‘‹•Ž‹…‡•‡†—†‡”ƒ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•
––”‹„—–‹‘ȂŠƒ”‡Ž‹‡͵ǤͲ—’‘”–‡†Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ
‘—…ƒ”‡ƒ†–Š‡–‡š–‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰ȀŽ‹…‡•‡•Ȁ„›Ǧ•ƒȀ͵ǤͲȀŽ‡‰ƒŽ…‘†‡

‹‘‡Ž‹’”ƒ†‹Ǽ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•ǣƒ—•‡”‰—‹†‡ǽ‡†‹œ‹‘‹ʹͲͳͳ
ǣͻ͹ͺͺͺͻͷͻͻͶͷͷͲ

‘‡’ƒ”–•‘ˆ–Š‡„‘‘•ƒ”‡–ƒ‡ˆ”‘˜ƒ”‹‘—••‘—”…‡•
ȋ‹‹’‡†‹ƒǡ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽ™‡„•‹–‡ǡ‡–…ǤȌǤ
Š‡•‡’ƒ”–•ƒ”‡Ž‹…‡•‡†—†‡”–Š‡‹”•’‡…‹ˆ‹…Ž‹…‡•‡•
ƒ••–ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‘‘–‘–‡•Ǥ


‡”•‹‘ʹǤͲ ‹‹•Š‡†‹ƒ›ʹͲͳͳƒ†ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡‘Ž‹‡
ƒ–™™™ǤƒŽ‹’”ƒ†‹Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ……Ǧ—•‡”Ǧ‰—‹†‡Ǥ
Ž‡ƒ•‡’‘‹–‘—––Š‹•‡˜‡”›–‹‡›‘—“—‘–‡Ȁ‡–‹‘–Š‹•„‘‘Ǥ

Ž‡ƒ•‡”‡’‘”–ƒ›’”‹–ǡ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ǡ‘”‘–Š‡”‡””‘”
ƒ†‡˜‡”›‹†‘ˆ•—‰‰‡•–‹‘
ƒ–™™™ǤƒŽ‹’”ƒ†‹Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‡Ȁ…‘–ƒ…–Ǥ


Šƒ•–‘–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†›‘—…ƒ†‘™Ž‘ƒ†‹–ˆ‘”ˆ”‡‡
‹–‡”‡–ǡ„—–‹ˆ›‘—™ƒ––‘•—’’‘”–ƒ†’”‘‘–‡–Š‹•‹†
‘ˆ…—Ž–—”ƒŽ’”‘†—…–‹‘’Ž‡ƒ•‡…‘•‹†‡”„—›‹‰ƒ’ƒ’‡”˜‡”•‹‘Ǥ
‘”‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž•ƒ„‘—–Š‘™–‘‘”†‡”›‘—”…‘’›ƒ–
™™™ǤƒŽ‹’”ƒ†‹Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ……Ǧ—•‡”Ǧ‰—‹†‡Ǥ

‘˜‡”‹ƒ‰‡–ƒ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡˜‹†‡‘Dz
‡–…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡dz
Š––’ǣȀȀ‹””‘”•Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‰‡–…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡Ȁ

†‹–‘”ǣ‹‘‡Ž‹’”ƒ†‹
••‹•–ƒ–‡†‹–‘”ǣƒ”…‘”—•…Š‹


‹•‹–‘—”™‡„•‹–‡•ǣ™™™ǤŽ‡†‹œ‹‘‹Ǥ‹–ƒ†™™™ǤŽ‡†‹’—„Ž‹•Š‹‰Ǥ…‘

‡†‹œ‹‘‹‘ˆˆ‡”•”‡’”‹–•ƒ†‡™•…Š‘Žƒ”Ž›„‘‘•
„‘–Š‹’”‹–ƒ†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–Ǥ
Index
 ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹
ǯǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͻ


 ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͳ
ͳǤ”‡ƒ„Ž‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳʹ
ʹǤŠƒ–”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•‹•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͵
ƒǤŠ‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•’”‘Œ‡…–ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͵
„ǤŠ‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͵
…ǤŠ‡’”‘Œ‡…–•’‹”‹–ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͶ
†Ǥ—”‹‘•‹–›ǣ–Š‡‘”‹‰‹‘ˆDz”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•dzƒ‡ǤǤǤǤ ͳͷ
͵ǤŠƒ–”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•‹•‘– ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͸
ƒǤ–‹•‘–ƒ’—„Ž‹…„‘†›™‹–Š‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ†—–‹‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͸
„Ǥ–‹•‘–ƒ…‘’›”‹‰Š–…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‰•‘…‹‡–›Ž‹‡ǡ
‘”•‹‹Žƒ”ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͸
…Ǥ–‹•‘–ƒŽ‡‰ƒŽƒ†˜‹…‡•‡”˜‹…‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͹
ͶǤŠ‡Ž‘…ƒŽ’‘”–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡• ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͹


 ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͻ
ͳǤƒ•‹…’”‹…‹’Ž‡• ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͲ
ƒǤ†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆDz…‘’›”‹‰Š–Ž‹…‡•‡dzǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͲ
„ǤŠ‡Ž‹…‡•‡ƒ†–Š‡”‡•–”‹…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͲ
…ǤŠ‡Ž‹…‡•‡ƒ†–Š‡ƒ…“—‹•‹–‹‘‘ˆ…‘’›”‹‰Š–ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͳ
†Ǥ‹…‡•‘”ƒ†Ž‹…‡•‡‡ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͳ
‡Ǥ”‹–‹‰ƒŽ‹…‡•‡ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹʹ
ˆǤŠ‡•‡•‡‘ˆ–Š‡•–ƒ†ƒ”†‹œ‡†Ž‹…‡•‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹʹ
ʹǤŠ‡–Š”‡‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•Šƒ’‡•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡• ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹ͵
ƒǤŠ‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ…‘†‡ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹ͵
„ǤŠ‡‘‘•†‡‡†ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹ͵
 …ǤŠ‡‹‰‹–ƒŽ…‘†‡ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͶ
͵ǤŠ‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•ƒ†–Š‡ˆ—…–‹‘‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡•ǤǤ ʹ͸
ƒǤ‘‘ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‘ˆƒŽŽ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡…‡• Ǥ ʹ͸
„Ǥ–”—…–—”‡ƒ†„ƒ•‹……Žƒ—•‡•‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•
Ž‹…‡•‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹ͹
…ǤŠ‡Ž‹…‡•‡••‡– ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵Ͳ
†ǤŠ‡—’†ƒ–‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡• ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ʹ
ͶǤ–Š‡”•’‡…‹ƒŽ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•–‘‘Ž•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ʹ
ƒǤŽ—•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ʹ
„ǤͲȋ‡”‘Ȍ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵Ͷ





 ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵͹
ͳǤƒ•‹…ƒ†˜‹…‡•ˆ‘”ƒ…‘””‡…–ƒ’’”‘ƒ…ŠǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ͺ
ʹǤ‡ˆ‘”‡Ž‹…‡•‹‰ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ͻ
ƒǤƒ‡•—”‡›‘—”™‘”ˆƒŽŽ•™‹–Š‹–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ͻ
„Ǥƒ‡•—”‡›‘—Šƒ˜‡–Š‡”‹‰Š–•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ͻ
…Ǥƒ‡•—”‡›‘——†‡”•–ƒ†Š‘™”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•
Ž‹…‡•‡•‘’‡”ƒ–‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͶͲ
†Ǥ‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ„‘—–™Šƒ–›‘—ƒ”‡Ž‹…‡•‹‰ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷʹ
‡Ǥ”‡›‘—ƒ‡„‡”‘ˆƒ…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‰•‘…‹‡–›ǫˆ•‘ǡ†‘‡•‹–
ƒŽŽ‘™›‘—–‘ǦŽ‹…‡•‡›‘—”™‘”•ǫǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷ͵
͵Ǥ‘™–‘…Š‘‘•‡–Š‡‘•–•—‹–ƒ„Ž‡Ž‹…‡•‡ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷ͵
ƒǤ‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡…Žƒ—•‡•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡• ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷ͵
„Ǥ‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡—’†ƒ–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͶͶ
…Ǥ‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͶͶ
ͶǤ‡‰ƒŽ•—‰‰‡•–‹‘•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷͷ
ƒǤŠ‡…‘’›”‹‰Š–‘–‹…‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷ͸
„Ǥ•‡‘ˆŽ‘‰‘•ƒ†Dz˜‹•—ƒŽ•dzǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷ͸
ͷǤŠ‡‰—‹†‡†’”‘…‡••ˆ‘”…Š‘‘•‹‰ƒŽ‹…‡•‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷͻ
͸Ǥ‡…Š‹…ƒŽ•—‰‰‡•–‹‘• ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷ͵
ƒǤƒ”‹‰”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•™‘”•ǣ‰‡‡”ƒŽƒ•’‡…–• Ǥ ͷͶ
 „Ǥƒ”‹‰•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‹†•‘ˆˆ‹Ž‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷͷ
…Ǥ—„Ž‹•Š‹‰›‘—”™‘”–Š”‘—‰Šƒ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡–™‘”‹‰•‹–‡
‘”ƒˆ‹Ž‡•Šƒ”‹‰•›•–‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷ͹
†Ǥ ‹†‹‰™‘”•—†‡””‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡• ǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷͺ



 
ȋ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡͵ǤͲǡ—’‘”–‡†˜‡”•‹‘Ȍ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͸ͳ




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‹ƒ†‹ˆŽ—‡…‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹Ͳ

‘˜‡”ƒ…‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹ͳ
‘ƒ”†ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹ͳ
‡…Š‹…ƒŽ†˜‹•‘”›‘ƒ”† ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹ͳ
—†‹–‘‹––‡‡ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹ͳ
›’‡•‘ˆ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹ʹ
—”‹•†‹…–‹‘’‘”–•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹ʹ
”‹–‹…‹•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹͵

‡‡”ƒŽ…”‹–‹…‹• ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹͵
‹…‡•‡’”‘Ž‹ˆ‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹…‘’ƒ–‹„‹Ž‹–›ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹Ͷ
‹…‡•‡‹•—•‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹Ͷ
Š‡ ”‡‡‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹ͷ
–Š‡”…”‹–‹…‹••‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ǧ…‘‡”…‹ƒŽŽ‹…‡•‡ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹͸
‡„‹ƒǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹͸
‡‰ƒŽ…ƒ•‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹͹
—–…Š–ƒ„Ž‘‹† ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹͹
‹”‰‹‘„‹Ž‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹͹
Ǧ—•‹…Ȃ’ƒ‹•Š‘—”–ȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹͹


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 ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͻͳ


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‘‘•ƒ†ƒ”–‹…Ž‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳͶ
‡„•‹–‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳ͸
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‹‘‡‹•ƒƒ”–‹•–ƒ†ƒˆ‹‡Žƒ™›‡”Ǥ ”‡“—‡–Ž›–Š‡‘—–…‘‡
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‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‹‰‹–Š‡”‡ƒŽ™‘”Ž†Ǥ
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•Šƒ’‡†‘Ž›–‘’”‡˜‡––Š‹•‘™Ž‡†‰‡ˆ”‘„‡‹‰•Šƒ”‡†Ǥ
”–‹•–• ƒ† •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡”• ƒ”‡ •‹‹Žƒ” ‹ –Šƒ– –Š‡›
ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž›†‡•’‹•‡–Š‡Žƒ™ǡ•‘‡–‹‡•‘–™‹–Š‘—–”‡ƒ•‘Ǥ‘–Š
‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‡‹†‹”‡‡‡†‘ˆ•‘‡ƒ……‡••‹„Ž‡ǡ…‘Š‡”‡–ƒ†…‘””‡…–
‰—‹†ƒ…‡ ‘ –Š‡ Ž‡‰ƒŽ ƒ•’‡…–• „‡…ƒ—•‡ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘–Š‹‰ ™‘”•‡
–Šƒ…‘’Ž‡–‡‹‰‘”ƒ…‡ǡ„ƒ””‹‰‹’‡”ˆ‡…–‘™Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ‹‘‡ǯ•
„‘‘ ‹• ’”‡…‹•‡Ž› ™Šƒ– ƒ ƒ”–‹•– ‡‡†• –‘ ”‡ƒ† –‘ ‘™ ™Šƒ–
‡‡†•–‘„‡†‘‡Ǥ‘––Šƒ–Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ†˜‹…‡™‹ŽŽ„‡‡–‹”‡Ž›ƒ˜‘‹†‡†ǡ‹ˆ
ƒ›–Š‹‰‰‘‡•™”‘‰Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”™‹•‡†‡…‹•‹‘•…ƒŠ‡Ž’’”‡˜‡–
‘•–‘”ƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡…‘•‡“—‡…‡•Ǥ
‡ƒ†‡”•™‹ŽŽˆ‹†ƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡‹–Š‹•„‘‘Ǥ



















AUTHOR’’SPRESENTATION





Š‹• „‘‘ ȋ› ˆ‹”•– ‘‡ ‹ ‰Ž‹•ŠȌ ‹• ƒ ‘ˆˆ•’—”– ‘ˆ ƒ
’”‡˜‹‘—•„‘‘™Š‹…Š™ƒ•’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹–ƒŽ‹ƒ‹…–‘„‡”ʹͲͲͺ
ƒ†™Š‹…ŠŠƒ•Šƒ†•‘‡•—……‡••‹–ƒŽ›Ǥ—‡–‘–Š‹•‹–•‡‡‡†
—•‡ˆ—Ž –‘ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‡†‹–‹‘ ˆ‘” ƒ Žƒ”‰‡” ƒ—†‹‡…‡ǡ ‘—–•‹†‡ –Š‡
„‘”†‡”•‘ˆ›…‘—–”›Ǥ
‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‹•‰Ž‹•Š‡†‹–‹‘‹•‘–ƒ‡”‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
–ƒŽ‹ƒ –‡š–ǡ „—– ‹– ‹• ƒ ƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ ƒ‡ ‹– ‘”‡
”‡ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”ƒ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ—†‹‡…‡Ǥ
ˆ–‡” › ‘–Š‡” ’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘• ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ …‘’›Ž‡ˆ– …—Ž–—”‡ ȋ‹
–Š‡ „”‘ƒ†‡•– •‡•‡Ȍǡ –Š‡ ‹•’‹”ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ƒ „‘‘ –Šƒ– ‹•
•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒŽŽ›†‡†‹…ƒ–‡†–‘”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•…ƒ‡ˆ”‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽ
›‡ƒ”• ‘ˆ › ƒ••‹†—‘—• ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ƒ‹Ž‹‰ Ž‹•–• ƒ† ’—„Ž‹…
†‡„ƒ–‡• …‘…‡”‹‰ –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ Ž‹…‡•‡•ǣ ‹ ˆƒ…–ǡ †—”‹‰ –Š‡•‡
†‹•…—••‹‘• ƒ •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ ‹•—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰•ǡ ™Š‹…Š ‡™„‹‡•
”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž› Šƒ†ǡ …‘•‹•–‡–Ž› ‡‡”‰‡†Ǥ Š‹• ‹• –Š‡ ”‡ƒ•‘ 
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–Š‘—‰Š– –Šƒ– ƒ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰ ƒ—ƒŽ ȋ™‹–Š ‘ ˆ”‹ŽŽ• ƒ†

–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ‹–‹‡•Ȍ…‘—Ž†ˆ‹ƒŽŽ›”‡•‘Ž˜‡–Š‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
Š‘’‡–Šƒ–›™‘”™‹ŽŽ•‡”˜‡ƒ•ƒ‹…‡–‹˜‡ˆ‘”–Š‡—•‡ƒ†
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘†‡Ž• ˆ‘” –Š‡ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ
…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡™‘”•ǡ•—…Šƒ•”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡•ƒ†ƒŽŽ–Š‡
‘–Š‡” ”‡Žƒ–‡† ‹•–”—‡–•Ǥ † ‘™ ‘– ‘Ž› ‹ –Š‡ –ƒŽ‹ƒ
…‘–‡š–ǡ „—– ƒŽŽ ‘˜‡” –Š‡ ™‘”Ž†  Š‘’‡ ›‘— ‡Œ‘› ”‡ƒ†‹‰ –Š‹•
„‘‘Ǥ

›•’‡…‹ƒŽ–Šƒ•–‘ǣ
—Ž‹ƒǡˆ‘”Š‡”’”‡…‹‘—•…‘•—Ž–‹‰Ǣ
ƒ”Ž‘ǡˆ‘”Š‹•—•‡ˆ—Ž•—‰‰‡•–‹‘•Ǣ
‹‡ǡ ˆ‘” Š‹• ˜‡”› ‹’‘”–ƒ– Š‡Ž’ ‹ —’†ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ „‘‘ –‘
˜‡”•‹‘ʹǤͲ
ƒŽŽ –Š‡ –ƒŽ‹ƒ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™Š‘ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ •—’’‘”–‹‰ ‡ •‹…‡
–Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‘’›Ž‡ˆ–Ǧ–ƒŽ‹ƒǤ‹–’”‘Œ‡…–Ǥ
 CHAPTERONE
ANINTRODUCTIONTOTHE
PHENOMENON


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1.PREAMBLES
– –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹‡–‹‡• –Š‡ ™‘”Ž† ‘ˆ ƒ”–‹•–‹…Ǧ…—Ž–—”ƒŽ
’”‘†—…–‹‘ ȋˆ”‘ ’—„Ž‹•Š‹‰ǡ —•‹…ǡ …‹‡ƒǡ –‘ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒȌ
”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡† ‹– Šƒ† …‘‡ –‘ ‰”‹’• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘•– ‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ
ƒ† ‡…‘‘‹… ’Š‡‘‡‘ •‹…‡ –Š‡ ’‡”‹‘† ‘ˆ ‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ
”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ǣ –Š‡ …‘‹‰ ‘ˆ ƒ•• †‹‰‹–ƒŽ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡• ƒ† ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ
…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•‡–™‘”•Ǥ
‹ŽŽ–Šƒ–’‡”‹‘†–Š‡…‘’›”‹‰Š–‘†‡Žȋ„‘”‹‰Žƒ†‹–Š‡
ͳͺ–Š …‡–—”› †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ƒ† „‡…ƒ‡
’‘’—Žƒ” ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ –™‘ …‡–—”‹‡• ‹ ‘•– ‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†
…‘—–”‹‡•Ȍ ™‡ƒ–Š‡”‡† ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ’”‡˜‹‘—• ™ƒ˜‡• ‘ˆ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ
‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘Ǣ Š‘™‡˜‡” –Š‡ ‹’ƒ…– ‘ˆ –Š‹• ˆ‹ƒŽ ’Š‡‘‡‘ Šƒ•
„‡‡ ‘”‡ †‡•–ƒ„‹Ž‹œ‹‰Ǥ ‡‘’Ž‡ „‡‰ƒ –‘ ‘ Ž‘‰‡” …‘•‹†‡”
…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‘”• ȋ™Š‹…Š ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ”‡ƒŽ ‘„Œ‡…– ‘ˆ …‘’›”‹‰Š–
’”‘–‡…–‹‘Ȍ ƒ• ‘‡ ™Š‘Ž‡ ‘„Œ‡…– –‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š –Š‡‹” ’Š›•‹…ƒŽ
•—’’‘”–‘™Š‹…Š‹–™ƒ•†‡Ž‹˜‡”ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ‘˜‡Žǡ–‘„‡”‡ƒ†ǡ†‹†‘–
‡‡†–‘„‡’”‹–‡†‘’ƒ’‡”ƒ•ƒ„‘‘•‹…‡‹–…‘—Ž†„‡†‹ˆˆ—•‡†
‹ ƒ› ™ƒ›• ƒ† –Š”‘—‰Š ˜ƒ”‹‘—• …Šƒ‡Ž•ǡ –Šƒ• –‘ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ
ƒ† …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘• –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•Ǣ Ž‹‡™‹•‡ ƒ —•‹… –”ƒ… †‹†
‘–‡‡†–‘„‡’”‹–‡†‘ƒ˜‹›Ž†‹•‘”‘ƒ‘’–‹…ƒŽ†‹•ǡ‘”
†‹†ƒˆ‹Ž‡‡†ƒ…ƒ••‡––‡‘”†‹•Ǥ
–Š‡•ƒ‡’‡”‹‘†‹’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ••’”‘Ž‹ˆ‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
†‹‰‹–ƒŽ ƒ† …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘• –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ǡ –Š‡”‡ ™ƒ• ƒ‘–Š‡”
…—Ž–—”ƒŽƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ’Š‡‘‡‘ǡ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘•–‹–‡”‡•–‹‰‹
–Š‡ Žƒ•– †‡…ƒ†‡•ǣ ™‡ ƒ”‡ ”‡ˆ‡””‹‰ –‘ ˆ”‡‡ ƒ† ‘’‡ •‘—”…‡
•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ȋƒŽ•‘ ‘™ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ…”‘›  ͳȌ ƒ† –Š‡
”‡Žƒ–‡†…‘‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡…‘’›Ž‡ˆ–‘†‡ŽǤ–™ƒ•‹–Š‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› ƒ”‡ƒ ȋ•‹…‡ –Š‡ ‹††Ž‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͺͲ•Ȍ –Šƒ– –Š‡
–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ …‘’›”‹‰Š– ‘†‡Žǡ „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ DzƒŽŽ ”‹‰Š–• ”‡•‡”˜‡†dz
…‘…‡’–ǡ ™ƒ• ”‡ƒŽŽ› †‹•…—••‡†Ǥ • ƒ ”‡•—Ž– ƒ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡
…‘’›”‹‰Š– ƒƒ‰‡‡– ‘†‡Ž ™ƒ• ˆ‘—†ǡ ‹’Ž‡‡–‡† „›
‡ˆ‘”…‹‰‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡Ž‹…‡•‡•Ǥ
Š‹• ‡™ ‘†‡Ž Šƒ† ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› …‘‡ –‘ ƒ …‡”–ƒ‹ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ
ƒ–—”‹–›‹–Š‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›ƒ”‡ƒǡƒ†‹–Šƒ†ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›

ͳ –‡ƒ•Dz ”‡‡‹„”‡ƒ†’‡‘—”…‡‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡dzǤ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 13

•‡‡ •‘‡ ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ ‡š’‡”‹‡–• ‹ ‘–Š‡” ƒ”‡ƒ• ‘ˆ …”‡ƒ–‹˜‡

’”‘†—…–‹‘Ǥ  ˆƒ…–ǡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͻͲ• ƒ† –Š‡
„‡‰‹‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡™ ‹ŽŽ‡‹—ǡ ƒ› ’‹Ž‘– ’”‘Œ‡…–• ™‡”‡
ƒ…–‹˜ƒ–‡† ™Š‹…Š ’”‘’‘•‡† Ž‹…‡•‡• –Šƒ– Šƒ† „‡‡ †‡•‹‰‡† ˆ‘”
–‡š–ǡ —•‹… ƒ† ‹ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ƒ”–‹•–‹… ™‘”•Ǥ – ™ƒ• ‹ –Š‹• ‡™
™ƒ˜‡ ‘ˆ ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’Žƒ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘• ’”‘Œ‡…– ™ƒ• †”ƒˆ–‡†ǣ ƒ ’”‘Œ‡…– ™Š‹…Š ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •–ƒ”–
™ƒ••Š‘™–‘„‡•‘‡–Š‹‰‘”‡•–”—…–—”‡†ƒ†ˆƒ”Ǧ•‹‰Š–‡†‹
…‘’ƒ”‹•‘™‹–Š–Š‡’”‘Œ‡…–•™Š‹…ŠŠƒ†’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡†Ǥ

2.WHATCREATIVECOMMONSIS
Š‡ ™‡ •ƒ› ‹ ‰‡‡”‹… –‡”• Dz”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•dzǡ ƒ– –Š‡
•ƒ‡ –‹‡ ™‡ ”‡ˆ‡” –‘ƒ ’‘’—Žƒ” ’”‘Œ‡…–ƒ†–‘ –Š‡ ‘Ǧ’”‘ˆ‹–
„‘†›™Š‹…Š‹•„‡Š‹†‹–Ǥ

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Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡…–ǡ „‘” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ Ž‡‰ƒŽ ƒ† …‘’—–‡”
•…‹‡…‡ •…Š‘Žƒ”• ‹ ƒ„”‹†‰‡ǡ ƒ••ƒ…Š—•‡––•ǡ ‹• ƒ…–—ƒŽŽ› ˜‡”›
ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ–‡†Ǣ‹–‹•‘™’”‡•‡–‹‘˜‡”ˆ‹ˆ–›…‘—–”‹‡•ƒ”‘—†–Š‡
™‘”Ž† ƒ† •—’’‘”–‡† „› ‡‹‡– ‹–‡ŽŽ‡…–—ƒŽ• ˆ”‘ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
ˆ‹‡Ž†•Ǥ †‡” ‹–• …‘–”‘Ž –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‘–Š‡” –Š‡ƒ–‹… •—„Ǧ’”‘Œ‡…–•
–Šƒ–ƒ”‡”‡ƒŽŽ›‹’‘”–ƒ–ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”…—Ž–—”ƒŽˆƒ”Ǧ•‹‰Š–‡†‡••Ǥ
Š‡ƒ‹‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‹•’”‘Œ‡…–‹•–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡–‘’”‘‘–‡ƒ
‰Ž‘„ƒŽ†‡„ƒ–‡‘‡™’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰•‘ˆ…‘’›”‹‰Š–ƒƒ‰‡‡–ƒ†
–‘†‹ˆˆ—•‡Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ†–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ–‘‘Ž•ȋ•—…Šƒ•–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡•ƒ†
ƒŽŽ –Š‡ •‡”˜‹…‡• ”‡Žƒ–‡†Ȍǡ ™Š‹…Š …ƒ ƒŽŽ‘™ ˆ‘” ƒ Dz•‘‡ ”‹‰Š–•
”‡•‡”˜‡†dz‘†‡Ž‹…—Ž–—”ƒŽ’”‘†—…–•†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ

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 –Š‡ „‡‰‹‹‰ǡ –Š‡ ’”‘‘–‡”• ƒ† –Š‡ •—’’‘”–‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡
’”‘Œ‡…– ‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡† ƒ ‘Ǧ’”‘ˆ‹– „‘†› ™‹–Š ™Š‹…Š –‘ –”ƒ…‡ –Š‡
†‹••‡‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• …‘‡…–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡…– ƒ† –Š—• –‘
”‡…‡‹˜‡ˆ—†‹‰Ǥ
”‘ ƒ Ž‡‰ƒŽ ’‘‹– ‘ˆ ˜‹‡™ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•
‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ ͷͲͳȋ…Ȍȋ͵Ȍ –ƒšǦ‡š‡’– …Šƒ”‹–ƒ„Ž‡ …‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘
™‹–Š ‹–• ”‡‰‹•–‡”‡† ‘ˆˆ‹…‡ ‹ ƒ ”ƒ…‹•…‘Ǥ ”‡•‡–Ž› ‹– Šƒ• ‘
•—„•‹†‹ƒ”‹‡•Ǥ  ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ˆ‘”• ƒ‰”‡‡‡–• ™‹–Š ’”‡Ǧ
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‡š‹•–‹‰‡–‹–‹‡••—…Šƒ•—‹˜‡”•‹–‹‡•ƒ†”‡•‡ƒ”…Š…‡–‡”•–Šƒ–
ƒ”‡ …ƒŽŽ‡† Dzˆˆ‹Ž‹ƒ–‡ •–‹–—–‹‘•dz ƒ† ™Š‹…Š …ƒ””› ‘—– Ž‘…ƒŽǡ
ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǡ ƒ† ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• •—…Š ƒ•
‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‡˜‡–•ǡ Ž‹…‡•‡ ’‘”–‹‰ǡ ’”‘‘–‹‰ ƒ†‘’–‹‘ ‘ˆ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•–‘‘Ž•ǡƒ†–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ

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– Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‹•–‘”› –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ
•Š‘”– ‹–”‘†—…–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ’”‘Œ‡…– ƒ† –‘ ‹–•
’—”’‘•‡•ǣŠ‡”‡„‡Ž‘™ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•–Š‡…‘’Ž‡–‡–‡š–Ǥ
Ǽ‘‘ ‘ˆ–‡ –Š‡ †‡„ƒ–‡ ‘˜‡” …”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ …‘–”‘Ž –‡†• –‘ –Š‡
‡š–”‡‡•Ǥ – ‘‡ ’‘Ž‡ ‹• ƒ ˜‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ –‘–ƒŽ …‘–”‘Ž –– ƒ ™‘”Ž† ‹
™Š‹…Š ‡˜‡”› Žƒ•– —•‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ™‘” ‹• ”‡‰—Žƒ–‡† ƒ† ‹ ™Š‹…Š DzƒŽŽ
”‹‰Š–•”‡•‡”˜‡†dzȋƒ†–Š‡•‘‡Ȍ‹•–Š‡‘”Ǥ––Š‡‘–Š‡”‡†
‹•ƒ˜‹•‹‘‘ˆƒƒ”…Š› ––ƒ™‘”Ž†‹™Š‹…Š…”‡ƒ–‘”•‡Œ‘›ƒ™‹†‡
”ƒ‰‡‘ˆˆ”‡‡†‘„—–ƒ”‡Ž‡ˆ–˜—Ž‡”ƒ„Ž‡–‘‡š’Ž‘‹–ƒ–‹‘ǤƒŽƒ…‡ǡ
…‘’”‘‹•‡ǡ ƒ† ‘†‡”ƒ–‹‘ –– ‘…‡ –Š‡ †”‹˜‹‰ ˆ‘”…‡• ‘ˆ ƒ
…‘’›”‹‰Š–•›•–‡–Šƒ–˜ƒŽ—‡†‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ†’”‘–‡…–‹‘‡“—ƒŽŽ›
––Šƒ˜‡„‡…‘‡‡†ƒ‰‡”‡†•’‡…‹‡•Ǥ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ‹• ™‘”‹‰ –‘ ”‡˜‹˜‡ –Š‡Ǥ ‡ —•‡
’”‹˜ƒ–‡”‹‰Š–•–‘…”‡ƒ–‡’—„Ž‹…‰‘‘†•ǣ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡™‘”••‡–ˆ”‡‡ˆ‘”
…‡”–ƒ‹ —•‡•Ǥ ‹‡ –Š‡ ˆ”‡‡ •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ƒ† ‘’‡Ǧ•‘—”…‡
‘˜‡‡–•ǡ ‘—” ‡†• ƒ”‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† …‘—‹–›Ǧ‹†‡†ǡ
„—–‘—”‡ƒ•ƒ”‡˜‘Ž—–ƒ”›ƒ†Ž‹„‡”–ƒ”‹ƒǤ‡™‘”–‘‘ˆˆ‡”
…”‡ƒ–‘”•ƒ„‡•–Ǧ‘ˆǦ„‘–ŠǦ™‘”Ž†•™ƒ›–‘’”‘–‡…––Š‡‹”™‘”•™Š‹Ž‡
‡…‘—”ƒ‰‹‰ …‡”–ƒ‹ —•‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –– –‘ †‡…Žƒ”‡ Dz•‘‡ ”‹‰Š–•
”‡•‡”˜‡†Ǥdzǽ
Š‹• ‹••‹‘ ‹• ™‡ŽŽ †‡•…”‹„‡† ‹ ƒ ’‹…–—”‡ ™Š‡”‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘• •›„‘Ž‹…ƒŽŽ› ”‡’”‡•‡–• ƒ ‡†‹ƒ •Šƒ†‹‰ „‡–™‡‡
–Š‡ DzƒŽŽ ”‹‰Š–• ”‡•‡”˜‡†dz ‘†‡Ž ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹… ‘ˆ –Š‡ …Žƒ••‹…
…‘’›”‹‰Š–‹†‡ƒȌƒ†–Š‡Dz‘”‹‰Š–•”‡•‡”˜‡†dzȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆƒ
’—„Ž‹…†‘ƒ‹‹†‡ƒ‘”‘ˆƒ•‘”–‘ˆ‘Ǧ…‘’›”‹‰Š–…‘…‡’–ȌǤ
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 Dzdz
…‘‘‹•–
ƒ””‡–ƒ”†‹’—„Ž‹•Š‡†ƒ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ƒ”–‹…Ž‡‹
ͳͻ͸ͺ ‡–‹–Ž‡† DzŠ‡ –”ƒ‰‡†› ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘‘•dzǤ  –Š‹• ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ Š‡
†‹•’Žƒ›• Š‹• •Šƒ”’ ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•– †‡„ƒ–‡†
‡…‘‘‹…Ǧ•‘…‹ƒŽ†‹Ž‡ƒ•Ǥ
ƒ—–•Š‡ŽŽǡƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘ƒ”†‹…‘‘•ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ–Š‘•‡‰‘‘†•
™Š‹…Š ƒ”‡ ‘™‡† „› ‘„‘†› „—– ™Š‹…Š …ƒ „‡ ‡š’Ž‘‹–‡† „›
‡˜‡”›„‘†›ǡ ƒ”‡ ƒŽ™ƒ›• †‡•–‹‡† –‘ ƒ •ƒ† ‡†‹‰Ǥ ‡ —•‡• –Š‡
‡–ƒ’Š‘” ‘ˆ Š‡”†‡”• •Šƒ”‹‰ ƒ …‘‘ ’ƒ”…‡Ž ‘ˆ Žƒ†ǡ Ǽ‘
™Š‹…Š –Š‡› ƒ”‡ ƒŽŽ ‡–‹–Ž‡† –‘ Ž‡– –Š‡‹” …‘™• ‰”ƒœ‡Ǥ  ƒ”†‹ǯ•
˜‹‡™ǡ ‹– ‹• ‹ ‡ƒ…Š Š‡”†‡”ǯ• ‹–‡”‡•– –‘ ’—– ƒ• ƒ› …‘™• ƒ•
’‘••‹„Ž‡ ‘–‘ –Š‡ Žƒ†ǡ ‡˜‡ ‹ˆ –Š‡ …‘‘• ‹• †ƒƒ‰‡† ƒ• ƒ
”‡•—Ž–Ǥ Š‡ Š‡”†‡” ”‡…‡‹˜‡• ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „‡‡ˆ‹–• ˆ”‘ –Š‡
ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ…‘™•ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡†ƒƒ‰‡–‘–Š‡…‘‘•‹••Šƒ”‡†„›
–Š‡ ‡–‹”‡ ‰”‘—’Ǥ ˆ ƒŽŽ Š‡”†‡”• ƒ‡ –Š‹• ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽŽ› ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
†‡…‹•‹‘ǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ …‘‘• ‹• †‡•–”‘›‡† ƒ† ƒŽŽ Š‡”†‡”•
•—ˆˆ‡”ǽ ʹǤ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• –Š‡‘”‹•–•ǡ ƒ† ˆ‹”•– ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ƒ™”‡…‡
‡••‹‰ǡƒ”‰—‡‹•–‡ƒ†–Šƒ–‹–Š‡…ƒ•‡‘ˆ‰‘‘†•Ž‹‡…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†
‹–‡ŽŽ‡…–—ƒŽ’”‘†—…–•ǡ–Š‹•’”‘„Ž‡†‘‡•‘–‡š‹•–„‡…ƒ—•‡‡˜‡”›
…”‡ƒ–‹‘ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡• ‹–• •‘…‹ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘”‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ –Š‡”‡
ƒ”‡™Š‘…ƒ„‡‡ˆ‹–ˆ”‘‹–Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ–Š‘•‡‰‘‘†•ƒ”‡‘–
Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡–‘†‡–‡”‹‘”ƒ–‹‘‘”–‘ƒƒ–—”ƒŽ•Š‘”–ƒ‰‡„‡…ƒ—•‡Š—ƒ
…”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–› Šƒ• ‘ Ž‹‹–•Ǥ Š—•ǡ ™‡ …ƒ ˜ƒŽ‹†Ž› –ƒŽ ƒ„‘—– ƒ

ʹ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡Ǥ™‹‹’‡†‹ƒǤ‘”‰Ȁ™‹‹Ȁ”ƒ‰‡†›̴‘ˆ̴–Š‡̴…‘‘•Ǥ
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Dz…‘‡†› ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘‘•dzǡ ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ‰‘‘†• ƒ– ‹••—‡ ƒ”‡
’”‡…‹•‡Ž›–Š‡…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ

3.WHATCREATIVECOMMONSISNOT
Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ —‡”‘—• ‹•—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰• …”‡ƒ–‡† ƒ„‘—– –Š‡
”‘Ž‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ˆ—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ‹– ‹•
‡…‡••ƒ”›–‘†‡„— ƒ–‘…‡ –Š‡ ‘•– †‹ˆˆ—•‡†ƒ††ƒ‰‡”‘—•
‘‡•Ǥ

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”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ•ƒ…‹˜‹ŽŽƒ™„‘†›ǡ†‘‡•‘–
Šƒ˜‡ ƒ› ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘—–”‹‡• ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡
”‡Žƒ–‡† ’”‘Œ‡…– ‹• ƒ…–‹˜‡Ǥ Š‹• †‘‡• ‘– ‡ƒ –Šƒ– •‘‡
‡š’‘‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰…‘—‹–›ȋƒ†‹ƒ›…ƒ•‡ƒŽ•‘
•‘‡ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ „‘ƒ”†Ȍ Šƒ˜‡ ‘– Šƒ† –Š‡ ‘……ƒ•‹‘ –‘
…‘–ƒ…– –Š‡ ’—„Ž‹… ‹•–‹–—–‹‘• ‘ˆ •‘‡ …‘—–”‹‡• ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘
‡š–‡•‹˜‡Ž› ‹ˆ‘” ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ‡™ ’”‘„Ž‡ƒ–‹… ƒ”‡ƒ• ‘ˆ
…‘’›”‹‰Š– –Š‡‘”›Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‹• ‹• ‘Ž› ‹ ƒ ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ
…—Ž–—”ƒŽƒ†•…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…†‡„ƒ–‡ǡ‘–™‹–Šƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽ‘˜‡”–‘‡Ǥ

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‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•– †‹ˆˆ—•‡† ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ ‹•Ž‡ƒ†‹‰
‹•—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰• …‘•‹•–• ‹ ‹š‹‰ —’ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•
™‹–Š ƒ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ˜‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ …‘’›”‹‰Š– …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‰ •‘…‹‡–›ǡ
™Š‹…Š ƒ”‡ ’”‡•‡– ‹ ‡˜‡”› …‘—–”› ƒ† †‘ ‘– Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡
‡šƒ…–ˆ—…–‹‘Ǥ
—‘–‹‰ –Š‡ ‹‹’‡†‹ƒ †‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ǡ ƒ …‘’›”‹‰Š– …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‰
•‘…‹‡–› ‹• Ǽƒ „‘†› …”‡ƒ–‡† „› ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ ƒ‰”‡‡‡–• ‘” „›
…‘’›”‹‰Š– Žƒ™ –Šƒ– …‘ŽŽ‡…–• ”‘›ƒŽ–› ’ƒ›‡–• ˆ”‘ ˜ƒ”‹‘—•
‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ƒ†‰”‘—’•ˆ‘”…‘’›”‹‰Š–Š‘Ž†‡”•ǤŠ‡›ƒ›Šƒ˜‡–Š‡
ƒ—–Š‘”‹–› –‘ Ž‹…‡•‡ ™‘”• ƒ† …‘ŽŽ‡…– ”‘›ƒŽ–‹‡• ƒ• ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ ƒ
•–ƒ–—–‘”› •…Š‡‡ ‘” „› ‡–‡”‹‰ ‹–‘ ƒ ƒ‰”‡‡‡– ™‹–Š –Š‡
…‘’›”‹‰Š– ‘™‡” –‘ ”‡’”‡•‡– –Š‡ ‘™‡”• ‹–‡”‡•–• ™Š‡
†‡ƒŽ‹‰™‹–ŠŽ‹…‡•‡‡•ƒ†’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ‹…‡•‡‡•Ǥǽ ͵

͵ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡Ǥ™‹‹’‡†‹ƒǤ‘”‰Ȁ™‹‹Ȁ‘’›”‹‰Š–̴…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ
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”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•†‘‡•‘–Šƒ˜‡ƒ…‘–”ƒ…–—ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’
™‹–Š …‘’›”‹‰Š– Š‘Ž†‡”• ƒ† †‘‡• ‘– Š‘Ž† ƒ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘”
‡ˆ‘”…‹‰”‘Ž‡™‹–Š”‡‰ƒ”†–‘ƒ—–Š‘”•ǯ”‹‰Š–•Ǥ

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‡‹–Š‡” –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘” –Š‡
…‘—‹–‹‡•ƒ†™‘”‹‰‰”‘—’•…‘‡…–‡†–‘‹–’”‘˜‹†‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ
ƒ†˜‹…‡‘”ƒŽ‡‰ƒŽƒ‹†•‡”˜‹…‡Ǥ‡•‹†‡•”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ȃƒ•™‡
™”‘–‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ Ȃ †‘‡• ‘– Šƒ˜‡ ƒ› ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‹‘ ”‘Ž‡Ǣ –Š—• ‹–
…ƒ‘–‘”–ƒ‡–Š‡Ž‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ˆ‘”–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡…–•†‡”‹˜‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡—•‡
‘ˆŽ‹…‡•‡•Ǥ
‘…Ž‡ƒ”ƒ›‹†‘ˆƒ„‹‰—‹–›ǡ–Š‹•‹••’‡…‹ˆ‹‡†„›ƒ‡š’Ž‹…‹–
’”‡ƒ„Ž‡‹…Ž—†‡†ƒ––Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ‡˜‡”›Ž‹…‡•‡ ͶǣǼ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘• ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‘– ƒ Žƒ™ ˆ‹” ƒ† †‘‡• ‘– ’”‘˜‹†‡
Ž‡‰ƒŽ •‡”˜‹…‡•Ǥ ‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‹• Ž‹…‡•‡ †‘‡• ‘– …”‡ƒ–‡ ƒ
ƒ––‘”‡›Ǧ…Ž‹‡– ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’Ǥ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ’”‘˜‹†‡• –Š‹•
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ ƒ Dzƒ•Ǧ‹•dz „ƒ•‹•Ǥ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ƒ‡• ‘
™ƒ””ƒ–‹‡• ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡†ǡ ƒ† †‹•…Žƒ‹•
Ž‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ˆ‘”†ƒƒ‰‡•”‡•—Ž–‹‰ˆ”‘‹–•—•‡Ǥǽ

4.THELOCALPORTINGOFTHELICENSES
•™‡’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ›†‹•…—••‡†ǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•’”‘Œ‡…–‹•
•‡–‘—–‹ǣ
Ǧƒ…‡–”ƒŽƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ„‘†›ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽ‘™‡”‘ˆ
–Š‡ –”ƒ†‡ƒ” ”‹‰Š–•ǡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‘ƒ‹ ƒ‡
Dz™™™Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰dz ȋƒ† ‘–Š‡” …‘‡…–‡† †‘ƒ‹
ƒ‡•Ȍǡƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡…‘’›”‹‰Š–‘–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†
‘–Š‡™‡„•‹–‡•Ǣƒ†
Ǧ ƒ ‡–™‘” ‘ˆ ˆˆ‹Ž‹ƒ–‡ •–‹–—–‹‘• –Šƒ– ƒ…– ƒ• ’‘‹–• ‘ˆ
”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ’”‘Œ‡…–•
•…ƒ––‡”‡†™‘”Ž†™‹†‡ǤŠ‹•DzŠ‹‡”ƒ”…Š‹…ƒŽdz…‘’‘•‹–‹‘ȋ–Šƒ–ˆ”‘
•‘‡’‡‘’Ž‡ǯ•’‘‹–‘ˆ˜‹‡™…ƒ•‡‡–‘„‡‘–˜‡”›•—‹–ƒ„Ž‡–‘
–Š‡ •’‘–ƒ‡‘—•Ȁ…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹˜‡ ƒ–—”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘’‡…‘–‡– …—Ž–—”‡Ȍ
ƒŽŽ‘™•–‘…Š‡…–Š‡…‘””‡…–’‘”–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡•ƒ†–‘”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡

Ͷ –Š‡DzŽ‡‰ƒŽ…‘†‡dz˜‡”•‹‘Ǥ
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‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† •‡•‹–‹œƒ–‹‘ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ‹ ƒ ‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡ ƒ†

…‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡†™ƒ›Ǥ
ŽŽ–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•’”‘Œ‡…–•ƒ”‡‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡†‹
–™‘ †‹˜‹•‹‘•ǣ ‘‡ †‡†‹…ƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ Ž‡‰ƒŽ ƒ•’‡…–•ǡ •—…Š ƒ• –Š‡
–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‡š’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡•Ǣ ƒ†
–Š‡‘–Š‡”†‡†‹…ƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǧ–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›ƒ•’‡…–•ǡ•—…Š
ƒ• ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ •‘Ž—–‹‘• –Šƒ– ‡š’Ž‘‹– –Š‡
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ”‡•‘—”…‡Ǥ ‡ …ƒ ˆ‘”‡•‡‡ ƒ –Š‹”† †‹˜‹•‹‘
ȋ…”‘••™‹•‡ –™‘ ‘–Š‡”•Ȍ ƒ‹‡† ƒ– –Š‡ •‡•‹–‹œƒ–‹‘ ƒ†
’”‘‘–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›Ǣ ‹– ‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡•
’—„Ž‹… ‡˜‡–•ǡ ƒƒ‰‡• ƒ‹Ž‹‰ǦŽ‹•–• ƒ† ™‡„Ǧˆ‘”—•ǡ …”‡ƒ–‡•
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǤ
Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ ‘ˆ DzŽ‹…‡•‡ ’‘”–‹‰dz ‹˜‘Ž˜‡• ƒ –”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡
Ž‹…‡•‡• ‹–‘ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•ǡ „—– ƒŽ•‘ ƒ …‘…—””‹‰
ƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–‡”•–‘–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‡‰ƒŽ•›•–‡•ǤŠ‡‘–Š‡”
–›’‡• ‘ˆ ‘’‡ …‘–‡– Ž‹…‡•‡•ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡› ƒ”‡ †‹ˆˆ—•‡† ‹
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽǡ ‹…Ž—†‡ ƒ …Žƒ—•‡ –Šƒ–ǡ ‹
–Š‡ …ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ —…Ž‡ƒ” ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ –Š‡ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‘’‡”ƒ–‘” ȋƒ
Œ—†‰‡ǡ ƒ Žƒ™›‡”ǤǤǤȌ Šƒ• –‘ ”‡ˆ‡” –‘ –Š‡ –‡š– ‹ –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ
Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•–Š‡‘Ž›‘‡™‹–Šƒ‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ǥ–Š‡”
–›’‡• ‘ˆ Ž‹…‡•‡• ‹•–‡ƒ† †‘ ‘– ™‘””› ƒ• —…Š ƒ„‘—– –Š‡
‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ•’‡…– ƒ• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‘˜‡”‹‰
Žƒ™ǡ •–ƒ–‹‰ ‡š’”‡••Ž› –Šƒ– –Š‡ Dz Ž‹…‡•‡dz ‹• ”‡‰—Žƒ–‡† „› –Š‡
ƒ’ƒ‡•‡ȋ‘” ”‡…Šǡ‘”–ƒŽ‹ƒǡ‡–…ǤȌŽƒ™Ǥ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Šƒ• –”‹‡† –‘ ‘„˜‹ƒ–‡ „‘–Š ’”‘„Ž‡• „›
‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰ ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ƒ…–‹˜‹–› ‘ˆ DzŽ‘…ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘dz ‘ˆ –Š‡
Ž‹…‡•‡•ǡ–Šƒ–‹•†‡˜‘Ž˜‡†–‘–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•ˆˆ‹Ž‹ƒ–‡•–‹–—–‹‘•ƒ†
‘‹–‘”‡†„›–Š‡…‡–”ƒŽ„‘†›‹–Š‡ǤŠ‹•™ƒ›ǡ–Š‡–ƒŽ‹ƒǡ
”‡…Š ƒ† ƒ’ƒ‡•‡ Ž‹…‡•‡• ƒ”‡ ‘– ‡”‡ –”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡
‡”‹…ƒ Ž‹…‡•‡•ǡ „—– „ƒ•‹…ƒŽŽ› ‹†‡’‡†‡– Ž‹…‡•‡• ‹
ƒ……‘”†ƒ…‡™‹–Š–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ•›•–‡‘ˆ‡ƒ…Š…‘—–”›Ǥ
 CHAPTERTWO
THELICENSES


20 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

1.BASICPRINCIPLES
‹”•– ‘ˆ ƒŽŽǡ –‘ ƒ˜‘‹† ˆƒŽŽ‹‰ ‹–‘ –Š‡ ‘•– …‘‘
‹•—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰• ƒ„‘—– ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡•ǡ ™‡
•Š‘—Ž† •‡– –Š‡ –‡‡–• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ˜ƒŽ‹† ˆ‘” ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ‘’‡ …‘–‡–
Ž‹…‡•‡•Ǥ

A. A DEFINITION OF ““COPYRIGHT LICENSE””

 …‘’›”‹‰Š– Ž‹…‡•‡ ‹• ƒ Ž‡‰ƒŽ ‹•–”—‡– ™‹–Š ™Š‹…Š –Š‡
…‘’›”‹‰Š– Š‘Ž†‡” ”—Ž‡• –Š‡ —•‡ ƒ† †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ Š‹• ™‘”Ǥ
Š—•ǡ‹–…‘‡•–‘ƒ…‹˜‹ŽŽƒ™–‘‘Ž™Š‹…Šȋ„ƒ•‡†‘…‘’›”‹‰Š–Ȍ
Š‡Ž’•–‘…Ž‡ƒ”—’ˆ‘”—•‡”•™Šƒ–…ƒ‘”…ƒ‘–„‡†‘‡™‹–Š
–Š‡ ™‘”Ǥ Š‡ DzŽ‹…‡•‡dz –‡” …‘‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ–‹ ˜‡”„
DzŽ‹…‡”‡dz ƒ† ‰‡‡”‹…ƒŽŽ› ”‡’”‡•‡–• ’‡”‹••‹‘ǡ ‹ ˆƒ…– ‹–•
ƒ‹ˆ—…–‹‘‹•–‘ƒ—–Š‘”‹œ‡—•‡•‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ǥ ͷ

Ǥ  

› …Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ —’ –Š‡ …‘…‡’– ‘ˆ Ž‹…‡•‡ ™‡ …ƒ —†‡”•–ƒ†
Š‘™‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹‹•—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰•ƒ„‘—–‘’‡…‘–‡–
Ž‹…‡•‡• ‹• ‰”‘—†Ž‡••ǣ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ –Š‡ ‘‡ ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ™Š‹…Š ƒ
Ž‹…‡•‡…ƒ„‡ƒˆ‘”‘ˆ”‡•–”‹…–‹‘‘ˆƒ…‘’›”‹‰Š–‡†™‘”Ǥ
ˆƒ…–ǡ ‹– ‹• ‘– –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ ‹–•‡Žˆ ™Š‹…Š ”‡•–”‹…–• –Š‡ ™‘”Ǣ
†‡ˆƒ—Ž– …‘’›”‹‰Š– ”‡•–”‹…–• …”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‘”•ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ ƒ ‘’‡
…‘–‡– Ž‹…‡•‡ ‘˜‡• ‡šƒ…–Ž› ‹ –Š‡ ‘’’‘•‹–‡ †‹”‡…–‹‘Ǥ 
‡ˆˆ‡…–ǡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‹ ’—”’‘•‡• ‘ˆ ƒ ‘’‡ …‘–‡– Ž‹…‡•‡
‹• –‘ ƒ—–Š‘”‹œ‡ •‘‡ ‹†• ‘ˆ —•‡ ™Š‹…Š ™‘—Ž† ‘– „‡
‘”ƒŽŽ›ƒŽŽ‘™‡† ‹–Š‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ…‘’›”‹‰Š–‘†‡Ž ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ–Š‡
DzƒŽŽ”‹‰Š–•”‡•‡”˜‡†dz‘†‡ŽȌǤ

ͷ ǼŠ‡ ˜‡”„ Ž‹…‡•‡ ‘” ‰”ƒ– Ž‹…‡•‡ ‡ƒ• –‘ ‰‹˜‡ ’‡”‹••‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ‘—
Ž‹…‡•‡ ”‡ˆ‡”• –‘ –Šƒ– ’‡”‹••‹‘ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –‘ –Š‡ †‘…—‡–
‡‘”‹ƒŽ‹œ‹‰ –Šƒ– ’‡”‹••‹‘Ǥ ‹…‡•‡ ƒ› „‡ ‰”ƒ–‡† „› ƒ ’ƒ”–›
ȋDzŽ‹…‡•‘”dzȌ–‘ƒ‘–Š‡”’ƒ”–›ȋDzŽ‹…‡•‡‡dzȌƒ•ƒ‡Ž‡‡–‘ˆƒ ƒ‰”‡‡‡–
„‡–™‡‡ –Š‘•‡ ’ƒ”–‹‡•Ǥ  •Š‘”–Šƒ† †‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ Ž‹…‡•‡ ‹• ̶ƒ
ƒ—–Š‘”‹œƒ–‹‘ ȋ„› –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‘”Ȍ –‘ —•‡ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡† ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ȋ„› –Š‡
Ž‹…‡•‡‡ȌǤǽƒ‡ˆ”‘Š––’ǣȀȀ‡Ǥ™‹‹’‡†‹ƒǤ‘”‰Ȁ™‹‹Ȁ‹…‡•‡Ǥ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 21

C. THE LICENSE AND THE ACQUISITION OF COPYRIGHT

‘” –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ –Š‡ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ Ž‹…‡•‡ Šƒ•
‘–Š‹‰ –‘ †‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ…“—‹•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ …‘’›”‹‰Š– ‘ –Š‡
…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‘” ƒ† ‡˜‡ Ž‡•• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ’”‘‘ˆ ‘” ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ ‘ˆ
–Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”•Š‹’Ǥ Š‡ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ Ž‹…‡•‡ ‘ ƒ …”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
™‘” …‘…‡”• ƒ •—„•‡“—‡– ’Šƒ•‡ ‹ ”‡‰ƒ”† –‘ –Š‡
ƒ…“—‹•‹–‹‘‘ˆ…‘’›”‹‰Š–ƒ†–‘–Š‡‘„–ƒ‹‡–‘ˆƒ’”‘‘ˆ‘ˆ
ƒ—–Š‘”•Š‹’Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ˆ‹”•– ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘” ‰‡–• –Š‡
…‘’›”‹‰Š– ‘ Š‹• ™‘” ȋƒ—–‘ƒ–‹…ƒŽŽ› ͸Ȍǡ –Š‡ Š‡ †‡…‹†‡• –‘
”‡‰—Žƒ–‡Š‹•”‹‰Š–•„›ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ƒŽ‹…‡•‡Ǥ

D. 
‡–ǯ• •–ƒ”– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ’”‡•—’’‘•‹–‹‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘Ž› •—„Œ‡…–
™Š‘Šƒ•–Š‡–‹–Ž‡–‘”‹‰Š–ˆ—ŽŽ›ƒ’’Ž›ƒŽ‹…‡•‡–‘ƒ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡™‘”
‹•–Š‡‘™‡”‘ˆƒŽŽ‹–•”‹‰Š–•ǤŠ‡•—„Œ‡…–‹•—•—ƒŽŽ›–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”‘ˆ
–Š‡ ™‘”ǡ „—– Š‡ …ƒ –”ƒ•ˆ‡” ƒŽŽ Š‹• ”‹‰Š–• „› ƒ …‘–”ƒ…– –‘
ƒ‘–Š‡” •—„Œ‡…– ȋˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ƒ ’—„Ž‹•Š‡”ǡ ƒ ƒ‰‡…›ǡ ƒ
’”‘†—…–‹‘ …‘’ƒ›ǤǤǤȌǢ ‹ –Š‹• …ƒ•‡ Š‡ ™‘—Ž† ƒŽ•‘ Ž‘•‡ –Š‡
’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›–‘…Š‘‘•‡–Š‡–›’‡‘ˆŽ‹…‡•‡–‘ƒ’’Ž›–‘–Š‡™‘”Ǥ
‘”†‡” –‘ ƒ˜‘‹† ‹•—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰• ȋƒ† •‹…‡ ‹– ‹• ‘– •‘
‹’‘”–ƒ– ˆ‘” ‘—” ƒƒŽ›•‹• ™Šƒ– ‹† ‘ˆ •—„Œ‡…– ™‘—Ž† ƒ‡
–Š‹•…Š‘‹…‡Ȍǡ™‡™‹ŽŽƒŽ™ƒ›•–ƒŽƒ„‘—–DzŽ‹…‡•‘”dz–‘‰‡‡”‹…ƒŽŽ›
‡ƒ–Š‡…‘’›”‹‰Š–Š‘Ž†‡”™Š‘†‡…‹†‡•–‘ƒ’’Ž›ƒŽ‹…‡•‡–‘‹–Ǥ
 ‘’‡ …‘–‡– Ž‹…‡•‡ ’”‘†—…‡• ‡ˆˆ‡…–• ‘ ƒ ˜ƒ”‹‡–› ‘ˆ
‹†‡–‡”‹ƒ–‡ •—„Œ‡…–•Ǥ Š‡•‡ •—„Œ‡…–• …ƒ „‡ ‡”‡ ‡†Ǧ—•‡”•
‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”ȋ”‡ƒ†‡”•ǡŽ‹•–‡‡”•ǡ•’‡…–ƒ–‘”•ǤǤǤȌǢ„—–‹•‘‡…ƒ•‡•
ȋ–Š‘•‡Ž‹…‡•‡•™Š‹…ŠƒŽŽ‘™ˆ‘”‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ƒ†”‡Ǧ’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘

͸ Ǽ‹‡ ™ƒ• ›‘— Šƒ† –‘ ’—– ‹‰  ȏ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ –Š‡ …‘’›”‹‰Š– •›„‘Žǣ ̹Ȑ ‘
ƒ›–Š‹‰›‘—™ƒ–‡†–‘…‘’›”‹‰Š–‘”‡Ž•‡‹–‡–‡”‡†–Š‡’—„Ž‹… †‘ƒ‹ ––
–Š‡…‘‘•‘ˆ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘™Š‡”‡‘–Š‹‰‹•‘™‡†ƒ†ƒŽŽ‹•’‡”‹––‡†Ǥ
‘—Šƒ†–‘’—––Š‡™‘”Ž†‘‘–‹…‡–‘™ƒ”–Š‡ǤŠƒ–™ƒ•‹‰ǯ•Œ‘„ƒ†
‹–™ƒ•ƒ—•‡ˆ—Ž‘‡ǤŠƒ–…Šƒ‰‡†ǫŠ‡Žƒ™Ǥ›–Š‡Žƒ–‡ͳͻͺͲ•ǤǤŽƒ™Šƒ†
…Šƒ‰‡† •‘ –Šƒ– ™‘”• „‡…‘‡ …‘’›”‹‰Š–‡† ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹…ƒŽŽ› –Š‡ ‘‡–
–Š‡›ǯ”‡ ƒ†‡Ǥ Š‡ ‘‡– ›‘— Š‹– •ƒ˜‡ ‘ –Šƒ– ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ’ƒ’‡”ǤǤǤ –Š‡
•‡…‘†–Š‡•Š—––‡”•ƒ’•…Ž‘•‡†ǤǤǤ–Š‡‹•–ƒ–›‘—Ž‹ˆ–›‘—”’‡ˆ”‘–Šƒ–
…‘…–ƒ‹Ž ƒ’‹ †‘‘†Ž‡ǤǤǤ ›‘—” …”‡ƒ–‹‘ ‹• …‘’›”‹‰Š–‡† ™Š‡–Š‡” ‹‰ 
ƒ‡• ƒ …ƒ‡‘ ‘” ‘–Ǥǽ ƒ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •…”‹’– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•– ˆƒ‘—•
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡˜‹†‡‘ǡ…ƒŽŽ‡†Dz
‡–”‡ƒ–‹˜‡dzƒ†ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ‹””‘”•Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‰‡–…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ȀǤ
22 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘”Ȍ –Š‡› …ƒ ƒŽ•‘ „‡ ƒ…–‹˜‡ •—„Œ‡…–• ‹ –Š‡ ˜‹”–—‘—•
‡…Šƒ‹•‘ˆ–Š‡‘’‡…‘–‡–’Š‡‘‡‘Ǥ
Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ƒŽ•‘ ‹ –Š‹• …ƒ•‡ ™‡ •ŠƒŽŽ —•‡ ƒ ƒŽŽǦ‡„”ƒ…‹‰
–‡”™Š‹…Š…ƒ‹†‹…ƒ–‡‡˜‡”›’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ”‡…‹’‹‡–‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡ǣ
–Šƒ– ‹• –Š‡ DzŽ‹…‡•‡‡dzǤ ‡ •ŠƒŽŽ —•‡ –Š‡ ‡š’”‡••‹‘ DzŽ‹…‡•‡†
™‘”dz –‘ ”‡’”‡•‡– –Š‡ ™‘” –‘ ™Š‹…Š –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ Šƒ• „‡‡
ƒ’’Ž‹‡†Ǥ


Ǥ

‹…‡–Š‹•‹•ƒ…‹˜‹ŽŽƒ™‹••—‡ȋ‘”‡’”‡…‹•‡Ž›–Š‡…‘–”ƒ…–—ƒŽ
Žƒ™Ȍǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‘– ƒ› •’‡…‹ˆ‹… ’”‘…‡†—”‡• –‘ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™ ‘”
ˆ‘”ƒŽ‹–‹‡• –‘ ”‡•’‡…–Ǥ Š—•ǡ ‡˜‡”› ƒ—–Š‘” ȋ‘” ‘–Š‡” …‘’›”‹‰Š–
Š‘Ž†‡”Ȍ‹•ˆ”‡‡–‘™”‹–‡Š‹•‘™’‡”•‘ƒŽŽ‹…‡•‡ƒ†–‘ƒ’’Ž›‹–
–‘ Š‹• ™‘”Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ Ž‹‡ ‡˜‡”› Ž‡‰ƒŽ ‹•–”—‡–ǡ ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘
–ƒ‡ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ –‘‘Ž•ƒ† ’”‘–‡…–‹‘• ’”‘˜‹†‡† ˆ‘” „›
–Š‡Žƒ™ǡ‹–‹•‡…‡••ƒ”›–‘–ƒ‡‹–‘ƒ……‘—––Š‡–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ
…‹˜‹Ž Žƒ™Ǥ †‡‡† ƒ …‘’›”‹‰Š– Ž‹…‡•‡ ‹• ƒ Ž‡‰ƒŽ †‘…—‡– ™Š‹…Š
‡‡†•’”‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡š’‡”–‹•‡Ǥ
 ‘–Š‡” ™‘”†•ǡ –Š‡ …‘…”‡–‡ ’”‘„Ž‡ ‹• –Šƒ– ƒ ’‘‘”Ž›
™”‹––‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ ™‹–Š‘—– –Š‡ ’”‘’‡” Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ‘” ™‹–Š‘—–
‹’‘”–ƒ– …Žƒ—•‡•ǡ ™‘—Ž† ’”‘„ƒ„Ž› ‘– ’‡”ˆ‘” ‹–• ˆ—…–‹‘ ‘”
…‘—Ž†‡˜‡Šƒ˜‡ƒ„‘‘‡”ƒ‰‡ˆˆ‡…–‘–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‘”Ǥ

Ǥ 

ˆ ™‡ ”‹‰‘”‘—•Ž› ‡š…Ž—†‡ –Š‡ Dz†‘ ‹– ›‘—”•‡Žˆdzǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ –™‘
’‘••‹„Ž‡™ƒ›•ǣ‡‹–Š‡”–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‘”…ƒ…‘•—Ž–ƒŽƒ™›‡”–‘†”ƒ™
—’ƒŽ‹…‡•‡ȋ„—––Š‹•…‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘„‡‡š’‡•‹˜‡ȌǢ‘”Š‡…ƒ–”—•–
–Š‡ •–ƒ†ƒ”†‹œ‡† Ž‹…‡•‡• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡† „› •’‡…‹ˆ‹… ’”‘Œ‡…–•
ƒ† ‘Ǧ’”‘ˆ‹– ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘• •—…Š ƒ• ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•ǡ –Š‡
”‡‡ ‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ’ƒ…Š‡ ‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡
‘—†ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
 ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ•’‡…– •Š‘—Ž† „‡ …Ž‡ƒ”ǣ –Š‡•‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘• †‘
‹ ‘ ™ƒ› „‡…‘‡ –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ …ƒ•‡ǡ –Š—• –Š‡› ƒ”‡ ‘–
Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ ˆ‘” ‡ƒ…Š ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡•Ǣ ‘” †‘ –Š‡› †‹”‡…–Ž›
†‡ƒŽ™‹–ŠŽ‡‰ƒŽƒ†˜‹…‡”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹”Ž‹…‡•‡•ǤŠ‡•‡
„‘†‹‡•‘Ž›ƒ…–ƒ•…‘’‹Ž‡”•ƒ†’”‘‘–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡•Ǣ‹–‹•
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 23

’‘••‹„Ž‡ –‘ ‹–‡”ƒ…– ™‹–Š –Š‡ •–ƒˆˆ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ’”‘Œ‡…–•ǡ •‡†‹‰
…‘‡–•ǡ‹†‹…ƒ–‹‰…ƒ•‡•–—†‹‡•ǡ•–ƒ”–‹‰’—„Ž‹…†‡„ƒ–‡•ǡ„—–‹–
‹• —–Š‹ƒ„Ž‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡› •Š‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ –‘ „‡ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ ‡˜‡”›
•‹‰Ž‡ …ƒ•‡Ǥ ˜‡”› …‘’›”‹‰Š– Š‘Ž†‡” ™Š‘ †‡…‹†‡• –‘ ƒ’’Ž› ƒ
•–ƒ†ƒ”†‹œ‡† Ž‹…‡•‡ –‘ Š‹•™‘”•Š‘—Ž†–ƒ‡ˆ—ŽŽ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›
ˆ‘”‹–Ǣ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡‹–‹•‹’‘”–ƒ––‘„‡™‡ŽŽ‹ˆ‘”‡†Ǥ

2.THETHREEDIFFERENTSHAPESOFTHELICENSES
 –Š‹• •‡…–‹‘ ™‡ ™‹ŽŽ •Š‘™ ™Š› –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•
Ž‹…‡•‡•‹•ƒ…—–ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡‘–Š‡”‘’‡…‘–‡–Ž‹…‡•‡•Ǥ
Š‡…Ž‡˜‡”†‹•…‘˜‡”›‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘Œ‡…–™ƒ•‹
ˆƒ…– –‘ ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ ‡˜‡”› Ž‹…‡•‡ ‹ –Š”‡‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–„›–Š‡ˆ‘”„—–…‘‡…–‡†„›–Š‡‡••‡…‡Ǥ

Ǥ

Š‡ ’”‘’‡” Ž‹…‡•‡ ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ –Š‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– •ŠƒŽŽ „‡
Ž‡‰ƒŽŽ›”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–Ȍ‹•–Š‡•‘Ǧ…ƒŽŽ‡†Dz‡‰ƒŽ…‘†‡dzǡƒ†‡—’‘ˆ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ
’”‡ƒ„Ž‡• ƒ† ‡‹‰Š– ƒ”–‹…Ž‡•ǡ ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡
Ž‹…‡•‡†™‘”‹•”‡‰—Žƒ–‡†Ǥ
ƒ›’‡‘’Ž‡–Š‘—‰Š”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡†–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡Ž‹…‡•‡—•‡”‹•
‘– ‹†—…‡† –‘ ”‡ƒ† ƒ† —†‡”•–ƒ† ƒ †‘…—‡– Ž‹‡ –Šƒ–ǣ
•‘‡–‹‡•Š‡†‹•”‡‰ƒ”†•‹–‹–‡–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ•‘‡–‹‡•Š‡†‘‡•‘–
Šƒ˜‡ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡’”‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘–‘†‘•‘ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡”‹•‹•–Šƒ–
–Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡• ™‘—Ž† „‡ —•‡† ‹ƒ……—”ƒ–‡Ž› ™‹–Š Ž‹––Ž‡ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡Ǣ
–Šƒ–ˆƒŽ•‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘–Š‡‹”—•‡™‘—Ž†„‡‡ƒ•‹Ž›†‹ˆˆ—•‡†Ǣ‘”
–Šƒ– ƒ •‘”– ‘ˆ ‹•–”—•– ™‘—Ž† ’”‡˜ƒ‹Ž •‘ –Šƒ– ƒ—–Š‘”• ƒ†
’—„Ž‹•Š‡”•™‘—Ž†•–ƒ›ˆƒ”ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘–Š‡•‡–‘‘Ž•Ǥ

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‡…‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• –Š‘—‰Š– ‘ˆ †‡•‹‰‹‰ „”‹‡ˆ
‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡–Šƒ–ƒ”‡™”‹––‡‹…Ž‡ƒ”Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ†
•–”—…–—”‡† ™‹–Š •‹’Ž‡ ƒ† •…Š‡ƒ–‹… ‰”ƒ’Š‹…•ǣ –Š‹• •‡…‘†
Dz•Šƒ’‡dz‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡•‹•…ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡Dz‘‘•†‡‡†dzǤ
‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‹– ‹• ‹’‘”–ƒ– –‘ ”‡‡„‡” –Šƒ– Ǽ–Š‡ ‘‘•
‡‡† ‹• ‘– ƒ Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ – ‹• •‹’Ž› ƒ Šƒ†› ”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡ ˆ‘”
—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ –Š‡ ‡‰ƒŽ ‘†‡ ȋ–Š‡ ˆ—ŽŽ Ž‹…‡•‡Ȍ –– ‹– ‹• ƒ ‡ƒ•›
”‡ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡‡š’”‡••‹‘‘ˆ•‘‡‘ˆ‹–•‡›–‡”•ǤŠ‹‘ˆ‹–ƒ•–Š‡
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—•‡”Ǧˆ”‹‡†Ž›‹–‡”ˆƒ…‡–‘–Š‡‡‰ƒŽ‘†‡—†‡”‡ƒ–ŠǤŠ‹•‡‡†
‹–•‡Žˆ Šƒ• ‘ Ž‡‰ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ—‡ǡ ƒ† ‹–• …‘–‡–• †‘ ‘– ƒ’’‡ƒ” ‹ –Š‡
ƒ…–—ƒŽŽ‹…‡•‡Ǥǽ ͹
Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡‘‘•†‡‡†‹ƒˆ‡™•Ž‹‡•…‘†‡•‡•–Š‡
•‡•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ ƒ† ƒ‡• ƒ Ž‹ –‘ –Š‡ ‡‰ƒŽ …‘†‡ ƒŽ‘‰
™‹–Š–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡•Ǥ

Ǥ

‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡ –Š‹”† Dz•Šƒ’‡dz ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡• ‹• …ƒŽŽ‡† Dz†‹‰‹–ƒŽ
…‘†‡dzǡ –Šƒ– ‹• ‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒ –– †ƒ–ƒ ƒ„‘—– †ƒ–ƒ –– ƒ †‡•…”‹’–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡
Ž‹…‡•‡–Šƒ–…ƒ„‡—†‡”•–‘‘†„›…‘’—–‡”’”‘‰”ƒ••—…Šƒ•
•‡ƒ”…Š‡‰‹‡•Ǥ
Š—•ǡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡”• †‡•‹‰‡† ƒ ‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒ
•›•–‡ …ƒŽŽ‡†  ȋDz”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ‹‰Š–• š’”‡••‹‘
ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡dzȌ ™‹–Š ™Š‹…Š ‹– ‹• ’‘••‹„Ž‡ –‘ ƒ‘–ƒ–‡ Ž‹…‡•‡†
™‘”•ǡ ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‰ ˆ—…–‹‘ƒŽ‹–› •—…Š ƒ• …‘’›Ȁ’ƒ•–‡  ˆ‘”
—•‹‰ ƒ ™‘” ™‹–Š Ž‹…‡•‘”Ǧ•’‡…‹ˆ‹‡† ƒ––”‹„—–‹‘ ƒ† …‘””‡…–
Ž‹…‡•‡‘–‹…‡ǡƒ†Ž‹…‡•‡Ǧƒ™ƒ”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤ


͹ Š‹•†‹•…Žƒ‹‡”‹•Ž‹‡†„›‡˜‡”›‘‘•†‡‡†Ǥ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 25


ȋ–Š‹•’‹…–—”‡‹•–ƒ‡ˆ”‘™™™Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȍ
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3. THE CHARACTERISTICS AND THE FUNCTIONING OF THE

LICENSES
•™‡Šƒ•ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›‡š’Žƒ‹‡†ǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡•
ƒ”‡‹•’‹”‡†„›ƒDz•‘‡”‹‰Š–•”‡•‡”˜‡†dz‘†‡Žǣ–Šƒ–‡ƒ•–Šƒ–
–Š‡ …‘’›”‹‰Š– Š‘Ž†‡”ǡ ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ ƒ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡ǡ
†‡…‹†‡• –‘ ‡‡’ Œ—•– •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ”‹‰Š–• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ”‹‰Š–• ‰”ƒ–‡† –‘
Š‹„›Žƒ™Ǥ

Ǥ   ͺ

ŽŽ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡• Šƒ˜‡ ƒ› ‹’‘”–ƒ–
ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‹…‘‘Ǥ

i)Fromthelicensor’’spointofview
˜‡”›Ž‹…‡•‡™‹ŽŽŠ‡Ž’›‘—ǣ
Ȉ”‡–ƒ‹›‘—”…‘’›”‹‰Š–Ǣ
Ȉ ƒ‘—…‡ –Šƒ– ‘–Š‡” ’‡‘’Ž‡ǯ• ˆƒ‹” —•‡ǡ ˆ‹”•– •ƒŽ‡ǡ ƒ† ˆ”‡‡
‡š’”‡••‹‘”‹‰Š–•ƒ”‡‘–ƒˆˆ‡…–‡†„›–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ
˜‡”›Ž‹…‡•‡”‡“—‹”‡•Ž‹…‡•‡‡•ǣ
Ȉ–‘‰‡–›‘—”’‡”‹••‹‘–‘†‘ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡–Š‹‰•›‘—…Š‘‘•‡
–‘ ”‡•–”‹…– ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ƒ‡ ƒ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ —•‡ǡ …”‡ƒ–‡ ƒ †‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡
™‘”ȌǢ
Ȉ –‘ ‡‡’ ƒ› …‘’›”‹‰Š– ‘–‹…‡ ‹–ƒ…– ‘ ƒŽŽ …‘’‹‡• ‘ˆ ›‘—”
™‘”Ǣ
Ȉ–‘Ž‹–‘›‘—”Ž‹…‡•‡ˆ”‘…‘’‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ǣ
Ȉ‘––‘ƒŽ–‡”–Š‡–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡Ǣ
Ȉ ‘– –‘ —•‡ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› –‘ ”‡•–”‹…– ‘–Š‡” Ž‹…‡•‡‡•ǯ Žƒ™ˆ—Ž
—•‡•‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ǣ
˜‡”›Ž‹…‡•‡ƒŽŽ‘™•Ž‹…‡•‡‡•ǡ’”‘˜‹†‡†–Š‡›Ž‹˜‡—’–‘›‘—”
…‘†‹–‹‘•ǣ
Ȉ–‘…‘’›–Š‡™‘”Ǣ
Ȉ–‘†‹•–”‹„—–‡‹–Ǣ
Ȉ–‘†‹•’Žƒ›‘”’‡”ˆ‘”‹–’—„Ž‹…Ž›Ǣ

ͺ Š‹• •‡…–‹‘ ‹• ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ› –ƒ‡ ˆ”‘

Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁƒ•‡Ž‹‡̴‹‰Š–• ƒ† ˆ”‘
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ǥƒ—Ȁƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•Ȁ™Šƒ–‹•……Ǥ’†ˆǤ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 27

Ȉ –‘ ƒ‡ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ ’—„Ž‹… ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡• ‘ˆ ‹– ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ

™‡„…ƒ•–‹‰ȌǢ
Ȉ–‘•Š‹ˆ––Š‡™‘”‹–‘ƒ‘–Š‡”ˆ‘”ƒ–ƒ•ƒ˜‡”„ƒ–‹…‘’›Ǥ

ii)Fromthelicensee’’spointofview
Š‡›‘——•‡ƒ›ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǡ›‘——•–ƒŽ™ƒ›•ǣ
Ȉƒ––”‹„—–‡–Š‡…”‡ƒ–‘”‘ˆ–Š‡™‘” ͻǢ
Ȉ‰‡–’‡”‹••‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‡…”‡ƒ–‘”–‘†‘ƒ›–Š‹‰–Šƒ–‰‘‡•
„‡›‘†–Š‡–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡ȋ‡‰Ǥƒ‹‰ƒ…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ—•‡
‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘” ‘” …”‡ƒ–‹‰ ƒ †‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‘” ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡
†‘‡•‘–’‡”‹––Š‹•ȌǢ
Ȉ ‡‡’ ƒ› …‘’›”‹‰Š– ‘–‹…‡ ƒ––ƒ…Š‡† –‘ –Š‡ ™‘” ‹–ƒ…– ‘
ƒŽŽ…‘’‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ǣ
Ȉ ƒ‡ –Š‡  Ž‹…‡•‡ ƒ† ’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ Ž‹ –‘ ‹– ˆ”‘ ƒ›
…‘’‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ǣƒ†
Ȉ ™Š‡”‡ ›‘— ƒ‡ …Šƒ‰‡• –‘ –Š‡ ™‘”ǡ ƒ…‘™Ž‡†‰‡ –Š‡
‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ™‘”ƒ†‹†‹…ƒ–‡–Šƒ–…Šƒ‰‡•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒ†‡ȋ‡‰„›
•–ƒ–‹‰ǮŠ‹•‹•ƒ ”‡…Š–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ™‘”ǡǯȌǤ
ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ™Š‡›‘——•‡ƒ›ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǡ›‘——•–‘–ǣ
ȈƒŽ–‡”–Š‡–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡Ǣ
Ȉ —•‡ –Š‡ ™‘” ‹ ƒ› ™ƒ› –Šƒ– ‹• ’”‡Œ—†‹…‹ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡
”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡…”‡ƒ–‘”‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ǣ
Ȉ ‹’Ž› –Šƒ– –Š‡ …”‡ƒ–‘” ‹• ‡†‘”•‹‰ ‘” •’‘•‘”‹‰ ›‘— ‘”
›‘—”™‘”Ǣ‘”
Ȉ ƒ††ƒ›–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡• ȋ•—…Š ƒ•†‹‰‹–ƒŽ ”‹‰Š–• ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ȍ
–‘ –Š‡ ™‘” –Šƒ– ”‡•–”‹…– ‘–Š‡” ’‡‘’Ž‡ ˆ”‘ —•‹‰ ‹– —†‡” –Š‡
–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ

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”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡• ƒ”‡ ‹†‡ƒŽŽ› •–”—…–—”‡† ‹ –™‘
’ƒ”–•ǣ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ’ƒ”– ‹†‹…ƒ–‡• –Š‡ Dzˆ”‡‡†‘•dz –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”

ͻ ‘”‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘Š‘™–‘ƒ––”‹„—–‡ƒ™‘”ǡ•‡‡–Š‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹… ‰—‹†‡Dz‘™

–‘ ––”‹„—–‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽdz ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ǥƒ—Ȁƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•Ȁƒ––”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ’†ˆǤ
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™ƒ–• –‘ ƒŽŽ‘™ ƒ„‘—– Š‹• ™‘”Ǣ –Š‡ •‡…‘† ’ƒ”– ‡š’Žƒ‹• –Š‡
…‘†‹–‹‘•‘™Š‹…Š‹•ƒŽŽ‘™‡†–‘„‡—•‡†Ǥ
‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ’ƒ”– ȋ–Š‡ Dzˆ”‡‡†‘•dz –Šƒ– –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‘”
…‘…‡†‡•–‘–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡‡•Ȍ™‡…ƒ•ƒ›–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡•ƒŽŽ‘™
–Š‡ …‘’›‹‰ ƒ† –Š‡ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘”ǡ —•‹‰ –Š‡
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰™‘”†•ƒ†–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰˜‹•—ƒŽ•ǣ

«You are free to to Share – to copy,

distribute and transmit the work»


 –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ ‘Ž› •‘‡ Ž‹…‡•‡• ȋ‘– ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡Ȍ
ƒŽŽ‘™–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡‡•–‘ƒŽ•‘‘†‹ˆ›–Š‡™‘”ǡ•’‡…‹ˆ›‹‰–Š‹•™‹–Š
–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•‹’Ž‡’Š”ƒ•‡ƒ†˜‹•—ƒŽǣ

Ǽ‘— ƒ”‡ ˆ”‡‡ –‘ ‡‹š Ȃ –‘ ƒ†ƒ’– –Š‡

™‘”ǽ

‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ •‡…‘† ’ƒ”– ȋ–Š‡ …‘†‹–‹‘• ƒ†‡ „› –Š‡

Ž‹…‡•‘” –‘ —•‡ Š‹• ™‘”Ȍ ™‡ …ƒ •ƒ› –Šƒ– ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•
Ž‹…‡•‡• ƒ”‡ ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ–‡† ‹–‘ ˆ‘—” „ƒ•‹… …Žƒ—•‡• ™Š‹…Š –Š‡
Ž‹…‡•‘”…ƒ…Š‘‘•‡ƒ†ƒ–…Š–‘Š‹•‡‡†•


Attribution –– Ǽ‘— —•– ƒ––”‹„—–‡ –Š‡

™‘” ‹ –Š‡ ƒ‡” •’‡…‹ˆ‹‡† „› –Š‡
ƒ—–Š‘” ‘” Ž‹…‡•‘” ȋ„—– ‘– ‹ ƒ› ™ƒ›
–Šƒ– •—‰‰‡•–• –Šƒ– –Š‡› ‡†‘”•‡ ›‘— ‘”
›‘—”—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”ȌǤǽ

Š‹•…Žƒ—•‡‹•ƒˆ‡ƒ–—”‡‹‡˜‡”›Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ–•–ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–‡˜‡”›
–‹‡™‡—•‡–Š‡™‘”™‡—•–…Ž‡ƒ”Ž›‹†‹…ƒ–‡™Š‘–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”
‹•Ǥ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 29



Non Commercial Ȃ Ǽ‘— ƒ› ‘– —•‡ 
–Š‹•™‘”ˆ‘”…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ’—”’‘•‡•Ǥǽ 

Š‹•‡ƒ•–Šƒ–‹ˆ™‡†‹•–”‹„—–‡…‘’‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”ǡ™‡…ƒ
‘–†‘‹–‹ƒ›™ƒ›™Š‹…Š‹•’”‹ƒ”‹Ž›‹–‡†‡†ˆ‘”‘”†‹”‡…–‡†
–‘™ƒ”† …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡ ‘” ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ ‘‡–ƒ”›
…‘’‡•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘ †‘ –Š‹•ǡ ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ –‘ ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‘” ˆ‘”
•’‡…‹ˆ‹…’‡”‹••‹‘Ǥ

No Derivatives Ȃ Ǽ‘— ƒ› ‘– ƒŽ–‡”ǡ

–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ǡ‘”„—‹Ž†—’‘–Š‹•™‘”Ǥǽ

ˆ™‡™ƒ––‘‘†‹ˆ›ǡ–‘…‘””‡…–ǡ–‘–”ƒ•Žƒ–‡‘”–‘”‡‹š–Š‡
™‘”ǡ™‡Šƒ˜‡–‘ƒ•–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‘”ˆ‘”•’‡…‹ˆ‹…’‡”‹••‹‘Ǥ

Share Alike –– Ǽˆ ›‘— ƒŽ–‡”ǡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ǡ

‘” „—‹Ž† —’‘ –Š‹• ™‘”ǡ ›‘— ƒ›
†‹•–”‹„—–‡–Š‡”‡•—Ž–‹‰™‘”‘Ž›—†‡”
–Š‡•ƒ‡‘”•‹‹Žƒ”Ž‹…‡•‡–‘–Š‹•‘‡Ǥǽ

Š‹•…Žƒ—•‡ȋƒ•‹–‹•‹–Š‡ ”‡‡‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡‘†‡ŽȌ‰”ƒ–•–Šƒ–
–Š‡Dzˆ”‡‡†‘•dz…‘…‡†‡†„›–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒŽ•‘‡’–‘–Š‡
†‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‘”• ȋƒ† ‘ –Š‡ †‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‡•ǡ™‹–Šƒ’‡”•‹•–‡–‡ˆˆ‡…–ȌǤ








30 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Ǥ

”‘–Š‡ƒ–…Š‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ˆ‘—”„ƒ•‹……Žƒ—•‡•™‡Šƒ˜‡–Š‡
•‹š •Š‡‡” ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡•ǡ ™Š‹…Š ƒ”‡ ƒ‡† „›
”‡ˆ‡””‹‰–‘–Š‡…Žƒ—•‡••Š‘™‹–Š‡’”‡˜‹‘—••‡…–‹‘Ǥ
Š‡›ƒ”‡ȋˆ”‘–Š‡‘•–’‡”‹••‹˜‡–‘–Š‡‘•–”‡•–”‹…–‹˜‡Ȍǣ

Attribution

Attribution––ShareAlike

Attribution––NoDerivatives

Attribution––NonCommercial

Attribution––NonCommercial––
ShareAlike

Attribution––NonCommercial––
NoDerivatives

Š‡”‡ƒ”‡–™‘‡••‡–‹ƒŽ’‘‹–•‹–Š‹•Ž‹•–ǣ
Ǧ–Š‡Dz––”‹„—–‹‘dz…Žƒ—•‡‹•’”‡•‡–‹‡˜‡”›Ž‹…‡•‡Ǣ
Ǧ–Š‡Dz‘‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡•dz…Žƒ—•‡ƒ†–Š‡DzŠƒ”‡Ž‹‡dz…Žƒ—•‡ƒ”‡
‹…‘’ƒ–‹„Ž‡ ™‹–Š ‡ƒ…Š ‘–Š‡” ȋ‹ ˆƒ…–ǡ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ‘‡ †‡‹‡• –Š‡
‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘”ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ •‡…‘† ‹’Ž‹…‹–Ž› ‰‹˜‡•
’‡”‹••‹‘–‘‘†‹ˆ›–Š‡™‘”ȌǤ
Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 31

––Š‡‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•™‡„Ǧ•‹–‡ ͳͲ–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ‘”‡
†‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–‡˜‡”›•‹‰Ž‡Ž‹…‡•‡ǣ

Attribution
Š‹•Ž‹…‡•‡Ž‡–•‘–Š‡”•†‹•–”‹„—–‡ǡ”‡‹šǡ–™‡ƒǡƒ†„—‹Ž†—’‘
›‘—” ™‘”ǡ ‡˜‡ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ƒ• Ž‘‰ ƒ• –Š‡› …”‡†‹– ›‘— ˆ‘”
–Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ …”‡ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‹• ‹• –Š‡ ‘•– ƒ……‘‘†ƒ–‹‰ ‘ˆ
Ž‹…‡•‡• ‘ˆˆ‡”‡†ǡ ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ ™Šƒ– ‘–Š‡”• …ƒ †‘ ™‹–Š ›‘—”
™‘”•Ž‹…‡•‡†—†‡”––”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ

Attribution –– ShareAlike
Š‹•Ž‹…‡•‡Ž‡–•‘–Š‡”•”‡‹šǡ–™‡ƒǡƒ†„—‹Ž†—’‘›‘—”™‘”
‡˜‡ ˆ‘” …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ”‡ƒ•‘•ǡ ƒ• Ž‘‰ ƒ• –Š‡› …”‡†‹– ›‘— ƒ†
Ž‹…‡•‡ –Š‡‹” ‡™ …”‡ƒ–‹‘• —†‡” –Š‡ ‹†‡–‹…ƒŽ –‡”•Ǥ Š‹•
Ž‹…‡•‡‹•‘ˆ–‡…‘’ƒ”‡†–‘‘’‡•‘—”…‡•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ž‹…‡•‡•ǤŽŽ
‡™™‘”•„ƒ•‡†‘›‘—”•™‹ŽŽ…ƒ””›–Š‡•ƒ‡Ž‹…‡•‡ǡ•‘ƒ›
†‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡•™‹ŽŽƒŽ•‘ƒŽŽ‘™…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ—•‡Ǥ

Attribution –– NoDerivatives
Š‹• Ž‹…‡•‡ ƒŽŽ‘™• ˆ‘” ”‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ǡ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ƒ† ‘Ǧ
…‘‡”…‹ƒŽǡ ƒ• Ž‘‰ ƒ• ‹– ‹• ’ƒ••‡† ƒŽ‘‰ —…Šƒ‰‡† ƒ† ‹
™Š‘Ž‡ǡ™‹–Š…”‡†‹––‘›‘—Ǥ

Attribution––NonCommercial
Š‹•Ž‹…‡•‡Ž‡–•‘–Š‡”•”‡‹šǡ–™‡ƒǡƒ†„—‹Ž†—’‘›‘—”™‘”
‘Ǧ…‘‡”…‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ƒ† ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡‹” ‡™ ™‘”• —•– ƒŽ•‘
ƒ…‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ›‘— ƒ† „‡ ‘Ǧ…‘‡”…‹ƒŽǡ –Š‡› †‘ǯ– Šƒ˜‡ –‘
Ž‹…‡•‡–Š‡‹”†‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡™‘”•‘–Š‡•ƒ‡–‡”•Ǥ

Attribution––NonCommercial –– ShareAlike
Š‹•Ž‹…‡•‡Ž‡–•‘–Š‡”•”‡‹šǡ–™‡ƒǡƒ†„—‹Ž†—’‘›‘—”™‘”
‘Ǧ…‘‡”…‹ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ•Ž‘‰ƒ•–Š‡›…”‡†‹–›‘—ƒ†Ž‹…‡•‡–Š‡‹”
‡™…”‡ƒ–‹‘•—†‡”–Š‡‹†‡–‹…ƒŽ–‡”•Ǥ–Š‡”•…ƒ†‘™Ž‘ƒ†
ƒ† ”‡†‹•–”‹„—–‡ ›‘—” ™‘” Œ—•– Ž‹‡ –Š‡ „›Ǧ…Ǧ† Ž‹…‡•‡ǡ „—–
–Š‡›…ƒƒŽ•‘–”ƒ•Žƒ–‡ǡƒ‡”‡‹š‡•ǡƒ†’”‘†—…‡‡™•–‘”‹‡•
„ƒ•‡† ‘ ›‘—” ™‘”Ǥ ŽŽ ‡™ ™‘” „ƒ•‡† ‘ ›‘—”• ™‹ŽŽ …ƒ””›
–Š‡ •ƒ‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ǡ •‘ ƒ› †‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡• ™‹ŽŽ ƒŽ•‘ „‡ ‘Ǧ
…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ‹ƒ–—”‡Ǥ

ͳͲ ƒ‡ˆ”‘Š––’ǣȀȀ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁƒ„‘—–ȀŽ‹…‡•‡•Ǥ
32 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide


Attribution––NonCommercial –– NoDerivatives
Š‹• Ž‹…‡•‡ ‹• –Š‡ ‘•– ”‡•–”‹…–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ ‘—” •‹š ƒ‹ Ž‹…‡•‡•ǡ
ƒŽŽ‘™‹‰ ”‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ Š‹• Ž‹…‡•‡ ‹• ‘ˆ–‡ …ƒŽŽ‡† –Š‡ Dzˆ”‡‡
ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰dzŽ‹…‡•‡„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–ƒŽŽ‘™•‘–Š‡”•–‘†‘™Ž‘ƒ†›‘—”
™‘”•ƒ†•Šƒ”‡–Š‡™‹–Š‘–Š‡”•ƒ•Ž‘‰ƒ•–Š‡›‡–‹‘›‘—
ƒ†Ž‹„ƒ…–‘›‘—ǡ„—––Š‡›…ƒǯ–…Šƒ‰‡–Š‡‹ƒ›™ƒ›‘”
—•‡–Š‡…‘‡”…‹ƒŽŽ›Ǥ

Ǥ 

• Šƒ• Šƒ’’‡‡† ˆ‘” ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘• ™Š‹…Š
”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡•–ƒ†ƒ”†‹œ‡†Ž‹…‡•‡•ǡ–Š‡–‡š–‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•
Ž‹…‡•‡• ‹• •—„Œ‡…–‡† –‘ ‹””‡‰—Žƒ” —’†ƒ–‡• †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ’‘••‹„Ž‡
‡‡† –‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ǡ •’‡…‹ˆ›ǡ …‘’Ž‡–‡ǡ ‘” ‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‡ •‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
…Žƒ—•‡•Ǥ–…ƒ†‡’‡†‘˜ƒ”‹‘—•ˆƒ…–‘”•ǡ•—…Šƒ•–Š‡‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘
‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”‡– ƒ† –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– „”‹‰ ‡™
–‘’‹…•–‘…‘•‹†‡”‹–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡•Ǥ
– –Š‡ †ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™”‹–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‹• „‘‘ ȋ—‰—•– ʹͲͳͲȌ –Š‡
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡•ƒ”‡ƒ–˜‡”•‹‘͵ǤͲǤ ͳͳ

4.OTHERSPECIALCREATIVECOMMONSTOOLS
– –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ ʹͲͲ͹ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Žƒ—…Š‡† –™‘ ‡™
‹–‡”‡•–‹‰’”‘Œ‡…–•™Š‹…Šƒ‹–‘‡”‹…Š–Š‡•—’’Ž›‘ˆ•‡”˜‹…‡•
„‡•‹†‡•–Š‡‡”‡Ž‹…‡•‡•Ǥ‡ƒ”‡”‡ˆ‡””‹‰–‘–™‘–‘‘Ž•™Š‹…Š
’Žƒ› –™‘ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ”‘Ž‡•ǡ –Šƒ• –‘ ™Š‹…Š –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‘”• …ƒ
…‘—‹…ƒ–‡ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ „‡•‹†‡• –Š‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
–Šƒ–‹•ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›’”‘˜‹†‡†„›–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‹‰’”‘…‡••Ǥ

Ǥ
•™”‹––‡‘–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•™‡„•‹–‡ǡŽ—•‹•Ǽƒ
’”‘–‘…‘Ž’”‘˜‹†‹‰ƒ•‹’Ž‡™ƒ›ˆ‘”—•‡”•–‘‰‡–”‹‰Š–•„‡›‘†
–Š‡”‹‰Š–•‰”ƒ–‡†„›ƒŽ‹…‡•‡ǽ ͳʹǤ
 Ž—• ‹• ƒ •‹‰Ž‡ ƒ‘–ƒ–‹‘ ™Š‹…Š †‡‘–‡• –Šƒ– ˆ—”–Š‡”
’‡”‹••‹‘•„‡›‘†–Š‘•‡ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›’”‘˜‹†‡†„›–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡ƒ›
„‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡Ǥ

ͳͳ ‘–‹‡˜‡”›…‘—–”›Ǥ
ͳʹ Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰ȀŽ—•Ǥ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 33

Ǽ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ƒ ™‘”ǯ• ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡ ‹‰Š–

‘ˆˆ‡” ‘…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ”‹‰Š–•Ǥ ‹–Š  Ž—•ǡ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ …ƒ ƒŽ•‘
’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ Ž‹ „› ™Š‹…Š ƒ —•‡” ‹‰Š– •‡…—”‡ ”‹‰Š–• „‡›‘†
‘…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ”‹‰Š–• –– ‘•–‘„˜‹‘—•Ž›…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ”‹‰Š–•ǡ„—–
ƒŽ•‘ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ ’‡”‹••‹‘• ‘” •‡”˜‹…‡• •—…Š ƒ• ™ƒ””ƒ–›ǡ
’‡”‹••‹‘ –‘ —•‡ ™‹–Š‘—– ƒ––”‹„—–‹‘ǡ ‘” ‡˜‡ ƒ……‡•• –‘
’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡‘”’Š›•‹…ƒŽ‡†‹ƒǤǽ ͳ͵
‘„‡––‡”—†‡”•–ƒ†ǡŽ‡–ǯ•”‡ˆŽ‡…–‘‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘•––›’‹…ƒŽ
…ƒ•‡•ǣ –Š‡ …ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ‹†‡’‡†‡– —•‹…Žƒ„‡Ž ™Š‹…Š ’—„Ž‹•Š‡•
•‘‰•™‹–ŠƒDzNon C‘‡”…‹ƒŽdzŽ‹…‡•‡‘‹–•™‡„•‹–‡ǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡
•‘‰•Ž‹…‡•‡†–Š‹•™ƒ›…ƒ„‡ˆ”‡‡Ž›†‘™Ž‘ƒ†‡†ƒ†—•‡†ˆ‘”
‘…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ’—”’‘•‡•ǤŽŽ–Š‡•ƒ‡ǡˆ‘”–Š‘•‡™Š‘™ƒ––‘
ƒŽ•‘ ƒ‡ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ —•‡ǡ –Š‡ Žƒ„‡Ž †‡…‹†‡• –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ •’‡…‹ƒŽ
…‘†‹–‹‘•ȋˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡–Š‡’ƒ›‡–‘ˆƒˆ‡‡‘”–Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆƒƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‡••ƒ‰‡ȌǢ•‘‹–‡–”—•–•‹–•Ž‡‰ƒŽ‘ˆˆ‹…‡™‹–Š–Š‡
™”‹–‹‰‘ˆƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž‹…‡•‡‹™Š‹…Š–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡–Š‡…Žƒ—•‡•–Šƒ–
–Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡‡• •ŠƒŽŽ ”‡•’‡…– –‘ ƒ‡ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ —•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
•‘‰•Ǥ
Š‡ –‡š– ‘ˆ –Š‹• •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ …ƒ „‡ ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ‹ ƒ
•’‡…‹ƒŽ ’ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ„‡Žǯ• ™‡„•‹–‡ǡ „—– ‹ ‘”†‡” ˆ‘” ‹– –‘ „‡
‘–‡† ‘ ƒ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• †‡‡†ǡ –Š‡  Ž—• ƒ‘–ƒ–‹‘
…‘‡•‹–‘’Žƒ›Ǥ
Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ —†‡” –Š‡ …Žƒ••‹… †‹•…Žƒ‹‡” ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡
ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡‹•™‡™‹ŽŽˆ‹†–Š‡
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰’Š”ƒ•‡ǣDz’‡”‹••‹‘•„‡›‘†–Š‡•…‘’‡‘ˆ–Š‹•Ž‹…‡•‡
ƒ› „‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–ǤǤǤdzǢ ƒ† Š‡”‡ ™‡ ™‹ŽŽ ƒ†† –Š‡ ™‡„ ƒ††”‡••
™Š‡”‡–Š‡•—’’Ž‡‡–ƒ”›Ž‹…‡•‡‹•Ž‘…ƒ–‡†Ǥ
Š‡ •ƒ‡ –›’‡ ‘ˆ ƒ”‰—‡– ‹• ˜ƒŽ‹† ˆ‘” Ž‹…‡•‡• ™Š‹…Š
…‘–ƒ‹ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡Dzƒ––”‹„—–‹‘dzǡDz‘†‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡™‘”•dzǡ‘”Dz•Šƒ”‡
ƒŽ‹‡dz …Žƒ—•‡•ǡ ƒ† –‘ ™Š‹…Š –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‘” ™ƒ–• –‘ ƒ†† ‘ˆˆ‡”
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– –‡”• –‘ ƒŽŽ‘™ —•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘” ™‹–Š‘—– ’”‘˜‹†‹‰
…”‡†‹– ‘” –Š‡ ‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘” ‘—–•‹†‡ ‘ˆ …‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡
™‹–Š–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡–‡”•‘ˆˆ‡”‡†Ǥ
‡”‡‹•ƒŠ›’‘–Š‡–‹…ƒŽ—•‡‘ˆŽ—•ǣ

ͳ͵ Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰ȀŽ—•Ǥ
34 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

‘”‡ †‡–ƒ‹Ž• ƒ„‘—– –Š‹• –‘‘Ž ƒ”‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–

Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰ȀŽ—•Ǥ


ǤͲȋȌ ͳͶ
Ͳ‹•ƒ‘–Š‡”‹–‡”‡•–‹‰’”‘Œ‡…–„›”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘‘•ǣ‹–
‹•ƒ–‘‘Ž–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ‘™•…”‡ƒ–‘”•–‘‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡Ž›’Žƒ…‡–Š‡‹”™‘”•‹
–Š‡ ’—„Ž‹… †‘ƒ‹ –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ ™ƒ‹˜‡” ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ …‘’›”‹‰Š– –‘ –Š‡
‡š–‡–’‡”‹––‡†„›Žƒ™Ǥ
Ͳ‡ƒ„Ž‡••…‹‡–‹•–•ǡ‡†—…ƒ–‘”•ǡƒ”–‹•–•ƒ†‘–Š‡”…”‡ƒ–‘”•
ƒ†‘™‡”•‘ˆ…‘’›”‹‰Š–Ǧ’”‘–‡…–‡†…‘–‡––‘™ƒ‹˜‡…‘’›”‹‰Š–
‹–‡”‡•–• ‹ –Š‡‹” ™‘”• ƒ† –Š‡”‡„› ’Žƒ…‡ –Š‡ ƒ• …‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›
ƒ• ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ‹ –Š‡ ’—„Ž‹… †‘ƒ‹ǡ ‹ ‘”†‡” ˆ‘” ‘–Š‡”• –‘ ˆ”‡‡Ž›
„—‹Ž† ‘ǡ ‡Šƒ…‡ ƒ† ”‡—•‡ –Š‡ ™‘”• ˆ‘” ƒ› ’—”’‘•‡•
™‹–Š‘—–”‡•–”‹…–‹‘—†‡”…‘’›”‹‰Š–Ǥ
 …‘–”ƒ•– –‘ ǯ• Ž‹…‡•‡• –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ‘™ …‘’›”‹‰Š– Š‘Ž†‡”• –‘
…Š‘‘•‡ ˆ”‘ ƒ ”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ’‡”‹••‹‘• ™Š‹Ž‡ ”‡–ƒ‹‹‰ –Š‡‹”
…‘’›”‹‰Š–ǡ Ͳ ‡’‘™‡”• ƒ‘–Š‡” …Š‘‹…‡ ƒŽ–‘‰‡–Š‡” Ȃ –Š‡
…Š‘‹…‡ –‘ ‘’– ‘—– ‘ˆ …‘’›”‹‰Š– ƒ† –Š‡ ‡š…Ž—•‹˜‡ ”‹‰Š–• ‹–
ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹…ƒŽŽ› ‰”ƒ–• –‘ …”‡ƒ–‘”• Ȃ –Š‡ Dz‘ ”‹‰Š–• ”‡•‡”˜‡†dz
ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡–‘‘—”Ž‹…‡•‡•Ǥ
‡ˆˆ‡…–ǡ™‡‘™–Šƒ–…‘’›”‹‰Š–ƒ†‘–Š‡”Žƒ™•–Š”‘—‰Š‘—–
–Š‡™‘”Ž†ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹…ƒŽŽ›‡š–‡†…‘’›”‹‰Š–’”‘–‡…–‹‘–‘™‘”•‘ˆ
ƒ—–Š‘”•Š‹’ƒ††ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡•ǡ™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”‘”…”‡ƒ–‘”™ƒ–•
–Š‘•‡”‹‰Š–•‘”‘–ǤͲ‰‹˜‡•’‡‘’Ž‡™Š‘™ƒ––‘‰‹˜‡—’–Š‘•‡
”‹‰Š–•ƒ™ƒ›–‘†‘•‘ǡ–‘–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ‡•–‡š–‡–ƒŽŽ‘™‡†„›Žƒ™Ǥ…‡–Š‡
…”‡ƒ–‘”‘”ƒ•—„•‡“—‡–‘™‡”‘ˆƒ™‘”ƒ’’Ž‹‡•Ͳ–‘ƒ™‘”ǡ
–Š‡™‘”‹•‘Ž‘‰‡”Š‹•‘”Š‡”•‹ƒ›‡ƒ‹‰ˆ—ŽŽ‡‰ƒŽ•‡•‡Ǥ
›‘‡…ƒ–Š‡—•‡–Š‡™‘”‹ƒ›™ƒ›ƒ†ˆ‘”ƒ›’—”’‘•‡ǡ
‹…Ž—†‹‰ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ’—”’‘•‡•ǡ •—„Œ‡…– –‘ ”‹‰Š–• ‘–Š‡”• ƒ›

ͳͶ Š‹• •‡…–‹‘ ‹• ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ› –ƒ‡ ˆ”‘

Š––’ǣȀȀ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁƒ„‘—–Ȁ……Ͳ ƒ† ˆ”‘
Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰ȀͲǤ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 35

Šƒ˜‡‹–Š‡™‘”‘”Š‘™–Š‡™‘”‹•—•‡†ǤŠ‹‘ˆͲƒ•–Š‡
Dz‘”‹‰Š–•”‡•‡”˜‡†dz‘’–‹‘Ǥ
† Š‘™ †‘‡• ‹– ™‘”ǫ  ’‡”•‘ —•‹‰ Ͳ ȋ…ƒŽŽ‡† –Š‡
Dzƒˆˆ‹”‡”dz ‹ –Š‡ Ž‡‰ƒŽ …‘†‡Ȍ ™ƒ‹˜‡• ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ Š‹• ‘” Š‡” …‘’›”‹‰Š–
ƒŽ‘‰ ™‹–Š ‡‹‰Š„‘”‹‰ ƒ† ”‡Žƒ–‡† ”‹‰Š–• ‹ ƒ ™‘”ǡ –‘ –Š‡
ˆ—ŽŽ‡•–‡š–‡–’‡”‹––‡†„›Žƒ™Ǥˆ–Š‡™ƒ‹˜‡”‹•‘–‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡ˆ‘”
ƒ› ”‡ƒ•‘ǡ –Š‡ Ͳ ƒ…–• ƒ• ƒ Ž‹…‡•‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒˆˆ‹”‡”
‰”ƒ–‹‰–Š‡’—„Ž‹…ƒ—…‘†‹–‹‘ƒŽǡ‹””‡˜‘…ƒ„Ž‡ǡ‘‡š…Ž—•‹˜‡ǡ
”‘›ƒŽ–›ˆ”‡‡Ž‹…‡•‡–‘—•‡–Š‡™‘”ˆ‘”ƒ›’—”’‘•‡
•—„•–ƒ…‡ǡ‹–…‘•‹•–•‹ƒ’”‘…‡†—”‡–Šƒ•–‘™Š‹…Š–Š‡
ƒ—–Š‘” …‡”–‹ˆ‹‡• ’—„Ž‹…Ž› –Šƒ– Š‡ ™ƒ–• –‘ †‹•…Žƒ‹ –‘–ƒŽŽ› ƒ†
‹””‡˜‘…ƒ„Ž› –‘ ‡š‡”…‹•‡ Š‹• ”‹‰Š–•ǡ •‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ™‘” …ƒ „‡
…‘•‹†‡”‡† ‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž› ‹ ƒ ’—„Ž‹… †‘ƒ‹ •–ƒ–—•Ǥ – …ƒ „‡
‹’Ž‡‡–‡† „› Š‡Ž’‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘” –‘ Dz•‹‰dz ȋ‡˜‡ ˜‹”–—ƒŽŽ›Ȍ
–Š‹•†‡…Žƒ”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ’—”’‘•‡ƒ†„›‡‡’‹‰ƒ’—„Ž‹…‡˜‹†‡…‡‘ˆ
‹–Ǥ‡”‡‹•–Š‡•…”‡‡Ǧ•Š‘–‘ˆ–Š‡Ͳ’”‘…‡†—”‡Ǥ
36 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide
 
CHAPTERTHREE
SUGGESTIONSTOCORRECTLYAPPLY
THELICENSES










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1.BASICADVICESFORACORRECTAPPROACH
•™‡Šƒ˜‡Œ—•–•‡‡ǡƒ’’Ž›‹‰Ž‹…‡•‡•–‘‘—”™‘”•„”‹‰•
ƒ•‘”–‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦƒƒ‰‡‡–‘ˆ‘—””‹‰Š–•ǡ™Š‹…Š‰‘‡•„‡›‘†–Š‡
–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‡–™‘” ‘ˆ ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ”‹‡• ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ …‘’›”‹‰Š–
ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ǥ Š‹• ‹• ƒ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ‡™ ’”ƒ…–‹…‡ ƒ† ‹• •–”‹…–Ž›
…‘‡…–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ ™‘”Ž† …ƒ‡
–Šƒ•–‘–Š‡†‹‰‹–ƒŽƒ†…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•Ǥ
 ‡••‡…‡ǡ ‡ƒ…Š •‹‰Ž‡ ƒ—–Š‘” Šƒ• –‘ –ƒ‡ ‘ ƒ••‡••‡–•
ƒ††‡…‹•‹‘•ǡ™Š‹…Š‹–Š‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ•›•–‡Šƒ†ƒŽ™ƒ›•„‡‡
ƒ ’”‡”‘‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ •’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œ‡† †‡ƒŽ‡”• ™Š‘ Šƒ† –Š‡ ‡…‡••ƒ”›
‡š’‡”–‹•‡ƒ†’”ƒ…–‹…‡ǤŠ‡”‹•–Šƒ––Š‹•‹’‘”–ƒ–’Šƒ•‡™‹ŽŽ
„‡ƒƒ‰‡†™‹–Š‹’”—†‡…‡ƒ†‹ƒ……—”ƒ…›‹•˜‡”›Š‹‰ŠǢƒ†
–Š‹• Ȃ ƒ• ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ‡–‹‘‡† Ȃ …‘—Ž† –—” ‹–‘ ƒ
–”‡‡†‘—• „‘‘‡”ƒ‰ ƒŽ•‘ †ƒƒ‰‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”ȀŽ‹…‡•‘”
Š‹•‡ŽˆǤ
Šƒ– ‹• ™Š› Ȃ ‹ •’‹–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹•‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ––‹–—†‡
™Š‹…Š ‹• ‹ƒ–‡ ‹ ‘’‡ …‘–‡– Ž‹…‡•‡• Ȃ ‹– ‹• ‹ ƒ› …ƒ•‡ ƒ
‰‘‘†‹†‡ƒ–‘ƒŽ™ƒ›•…‘•—Ž–™‹–Šƒ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ™Š‘…ƒƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–
…Žƒ”‹ˆ›–Š‡„‹‰‰‡•–†‘—„–•Ǥ
‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‹‰ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘• ƒ”‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ›
ƒƒ‰‡† „› –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‘” Š‹•‡ŽˆǤ Š—•ǡ „‡ˆ‘”‡ ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‹‰ –Š‡
™‘”™‹–Š–Š‡…Š‘•‡Ž‹…‡•‡ǡ‹–‹•‹’‘”–ƒ––Šƒ––Š‡Ž‹…‡•‘”
Šƒ•ƒ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ˜‹‡™‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡–‘‘Ž•ǡ•—…Šƒ•–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽ
™‡„•‹–‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ’”‘Œ‡…–• ™Š‹…Š ’”‘‘–‡ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡•ǡ
–Š‡ ’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘• †‡†‹…ƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡•‡ –‘’‹…•ǡ –Š‡ •’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†
ˆ‘”—•ƒ†ƒ‹Ž‹‰ Ž‹•–•Ǥ‡ •Š‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘ƒ––‡†–Š‡ •’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†
‡˜‡–•‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡†‹–Š‹•ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ
–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ‹–‹•ƒŽ•‘‹’‘”–ƒ––‘‘™Š‘™–‘•‡Ž‡…–
–Š‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘—† ‹ Ž‡•• ‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽ …Šƒ‡Ž•ǡ –‘ ƒ˜‘‹† ˆƒŽŽ‹‰
˜‹…–‹ –‘ ‹•‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ‹– ‹• ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ –‘ ‰ƒ–Š‡”
•‘‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ‹‘”†‡”‘––‘”‹•‡š’‡”‹‡…‹‰—’Ž‡ƒ•ƒ–
•‹–—ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† –Š‡ Šƒ˜‹‰ –‘ ”‡’ƒ‹” –Š‡ †ƒƒ‰‡ –‘‘ Žƒ–‡ ™‹–Š
–Š‡Š‡Ž’‘ˆ•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ•Ǥ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 39

2.BEFORELICENSING 15
Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰Ž‹•–•‡–•‘—–•‘‡„ƒ•‹…–Š‹‰•–Šƒ–›‘—•Š‘—Ž†
–Š‹ ƒ„‘—– „‡ˆ‘”‡ ›‘— ƒ’’Ž› ƒ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡ –‘
›‘—”™‘”Ǥ

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”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡• ƒ’’Ž› –‘ ™‘”• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡
’”‘–‡…–‡†„›…‘’›”‹‰Š–Ǥ
‡‡”ƒŽŽ›ǡ™‘”•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡’”‘–‡…–‡†„›
…‘’›”‹‰Š– ƒ”‡ǣ „‘‘•ǡ •…”‹’–•ǡ ™‡„•‹–‡•ǡ Ž‡••‘ ’Žƒ•ǡ „Ž‘‰• ƒ†
ƒ› ‘–Š‡” ˆ‘”• ‘ˆ ™”‹–‹‰•Ǣ ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š• ƒ† ‘–Š‡” ˜‹•—ƒŽ
‹ƒ‰‡•Ǣˆ‹Ž•ǡ˜‹†‡‘‰ƒ‡•ƒ†‘–Š‡”˜‹•—ƒŽƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•Ǣ—•‹…ƒŽ
…‘’‘•‹–‹‘•ǡ•‘—†”‡…‘”†‹‰•ƒ†‘–Š‡”ƒ—†‹‘™‘”•Ǥ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡• †‘ ‘– ƒ’’Ž› –‘ –Š‹‰• •—…Š ƒ•
‹†‡ƒ•ǡˆƒ…–—ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘”‘–Š‡”–Š‹‰•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‘–’”‘–‡…–‡†
„›…‘’›”‹‰Š–Ǥˆ›‘—ƒ”‡„ƒ•‡†‹–Š‡ǡ›‘—…ƒˆ‹†‘—–‘”‡
ƒ„‘—–™Šƒ–‹•ƒ†‹•‘–…ƒ’ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ…‘’›”‹‰Š–’”‘–‡…–‹‘ƒ––Š‹•
•‹–‡Ǥˆ›‘—ƒ”‡„ƒ•‡†‹–Š‡ǡ˜‹•‹––Š‹••‹–‡Ǥˆ›‘—ƒ”‡„ƒ•‡†‹
ƒ‹™ƒǡ –Š‡ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– •–ƒ–—–‘”› ’”‘˜‹•‹‘• ƒ”‡ ”–‹…Ž‡• ͻ ƒ†
ͳͲ„‹•Ǥ

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‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ƒ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡–‘ƒ™‘”ǡ›‘—
‡‡†–‘ƒ‡•—”‡›‘—Šƒ˜‡–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”‹–›–‘†‘•‘ǤŠ‹•‡ƒ•
–Šƒ– ›‘— ‡‡† –‘ ƒ‡ •—”‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’‡”•‘ ™Š‘ ‘™• –Š‡
…‘’›”‹‰Š–‹–Š‡™‘”‹•Šƒ’’›–‘Šƒ˜‡–Š‡™‘”ƒ†‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡
—†‡”ƒ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ
ˆ›‘—ƒ”‡–Š‡…”‡ƒ–‘”‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”ǡ–Š‡›‘—ƒ”‡’”‘„ƒ„Ž›–Š‡
‘™‡”‘ˆ…‘’›”‹‰Š–ƒ†•‘…ƒŽ‹…‡•‡–Š‡™‘”Š‘™›‘—™‹•ŠǤ
ˆ ›‘— ƒ†‡ –Š‡ ™‘” ƒ• ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ ›‘—” ‡’Ž‘›‡–ǡ –Š‡ ›‘—”
‡’Ž‘›‡” ’”‘„ƒ„Ž› ‘™• –Š‡ ”‹‰Š–• –‘ –Š‡ ™‘” ƒ† •‘ ‘Ž›
›‘—”‡’Ž‘›‡”…ƒ†‡…‹†‡–‘ƒ’’Ž›ƒ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ
ˆ ›‘— ƒ†‡ –Š‡ ™‘” —†‡” ƒ ƒ‰”‡‡‡–ǡ ›‘— ‡‡† –‘ …Š‡…

ͳͷ Š‹• •‡…–‹‘ ‹• –ƒ‡ ˆ”‘

Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‡ˆ‘”‡̴‹…‡•‹‰Ǥ
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–Š‡ –‡”• ‘ˆ –Šƒ– ƒ‰”‡‡‡– –‘ •‡‡ ‹ˆ –Š‡ ”‹‰Š–• –‘ –Š‡ ™‘”
™‡”‡–”ƒ•ˆ‡””‡†–‘•‘‡‘‡‡Ž•‡Ǥ
ˆ ›‘— ƒ”‡ …‘„‹‹‰ ’”‡Ǧ‡š‹•–‹‰ ™‘”• ƒ†‡ „› ‘–Š‡”
’‡‘’Ž‡ȋ—Ž‡••–Š‘•‡™‘”•ƒ”‡‹–Š‡’—„Ž‹…†‘ƒ‹ǡƒ†–Š—•
–Š‡”‡‹•‘‘‡ˆ”‘™Š‘’‡”‹••‹‘‹•”‡“—‹”‡†Ȍ‘”™‘”‹‰
‹ …‘Œ—…–‹‘ ™‹–Š ‘–Š‡” ’‡‘’Ž‡ –‘ ’”‘†—…‡ •‘‡–Š‹‰ǡ ›‘—
‡‡† –‘ ƒ‡ •—”‡ –Šƒ– ›‘— Šƒ˜‡ ‡š’”‡•• ƒ† ‡š’Ž‹…‹–
’‡”‹••‹‘ –‘ ƒ’’Ž› ƒ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡ –‘ –Š‡ ‡†
”‡•—Ž–ȋ—Ž‡••›‘—”—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡Ǧ‡š‹•–‹‰™‘”•…‘•–‹–—–‡•ˆƒ‹”
—•‡ǡ ƒ† –Š—• ‘ ’‡”‹••‹‘ ‹• ”‡“—‹”‡†ȌǤ ‘— †‘ǯ– Šƒ˜‡ –Š‹•
‹†‘ˆ’‡”‹••‹‘‹–Š‡…ƒ•‡‘ˆǡ•ƒ›ǡƒƒ†‘ƒ‘”ƒ–ƒŽ‘
ƒŽ˜‹‘ ‘˜‡Žǡ –Šƒ– ›‘— ’—”…Šƒ•‡ǡ „‡…ƒ—•‡ –Š‡•‡ ƒ”‡ ƒ†‡
ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ —†‡” DzƒŽŽ ”‹‰Š–• ”‡•‡”˜‡†dz …‘’›”‹‰Š–Ǥ ‘— …ƒ ‘Ž›
•‡…—”‡–Š‹•‹†‘ˆ’‡”‹••‹‘‹ˆ›‘—ƒ”‡‹†‹”‡…–…‘–ƒ…–™‹–Š
–Š‡’‡”•‘ǡ†‹•…—••”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ†
–Š‡›ƒ‰”‡‡–‘ƒ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…Ž‹…‡•‡Ǣ‘ˆ…‘—”•‡ǡ‹ˆ›‘—ƒ”‡…‘„‹‹‰
ƒ™‘”–Šƒ–‹•ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•ǦŽ‹…‡•‡†–Š‡›‘—™‹ŽŽ
ƒŽ•‘ Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ ”‹‰Š–•ǡ ’”‘˜‹†‡† ›‘—” —•‡ ‹• …‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š –Š‡
–‡”•‘ˆ–Šƒ–Ž‹…‡•‡Ǩ

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‡ˆ‘”‡›‘—ƒ’’Ž›ƒ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡–‘›‘—”™‘”ǡ
›‘— •Š‘—Ž† ƒ‡ •—”‡ ›‘— —†‡”•–ƒ† Š‘™ –Š‡› ‘’‡”ƒ–‡Ǥ ‘—
…ƒ†‘–Š‹•„›”‡˜‹‡™‹‰–Š‡ ƒ†Ȁ‘”ƒ••’‡…‹ˆ‹…“—‡•–‹‘•
ƒ† ˜‘‹…‡ ›‘—” …‘…‡”• ‘ ‘—” †‹•…—••‹‘ ˆ‘”ƒǤ ‡Ž‘™ ‹• ƒ
‘˜‡”˜‹‡™‘ˆ•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡›‡Ž‡‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•
Ž‹…‡•‹‰‘†‡ŽǤ
HowdoesaCreativeCommonslicenseoperate?
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡ ƒ”‡ „ƒ•‡† ‘ …‘’›”‹‰Š–Ǥ ‘ ‹–
ƒ’’Ž‹‡• –‘ ƒŽŽ ™‘”• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ’”‘–‡…–‡† „› …‘’›”‹‰Š– Žƒ™Ǥ Š‡
‹†• ‘ˆ ™‘”• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ’”‘–‡…–‡† „› …‘’›”‹‰Š– Žƒ™ ƒ”‡ „‘‘•ǡ
™‡„•‹–‡•ǡ „Ž‘‰•ǡ ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š•ǡ ˆ‹Ž•ǡ ˜‹†‡‘•ǡ •‘‰• ƒ† ‘–Š‡”
ƒ—†‹‘Ƭ˜‹•—ƒŽ”‡…‘”†‹‰•ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡Ǥ‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡’”‘‰”ƒ•ƒ”‡
ƒŽ•‘ ’”‘–‡…–‡† „› …‘’›”‹‰Š– „—–ǡ ƒ• ‡š’Žƒ‹‡† ‹ –Š‡ ǡ ™‡
•–”‘‰Ž›”‡…‘‡†–Šƒ–›‘—†‘‘–ƒ’’Ž›ƒ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•
Ž‹…‡•‡–‘•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ǥ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 41

”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡• ‰‹˜‡ ›‘— –Š‡ ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ †‹…–ƒ–‡

Š‘™ ‘–Š‡”• ƒ› ‡š‡”…‹•‡ ›‘—” …‘’›”‹‰Š– ”‹‰Š–•––•—…Š ƒ• –Š‡
”‹‰Š– ‘ˆ ‘–Š‡”• –‘ …‘’› ›‘—” ™‘”ǡ ƒ‡ †‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‘”• ‘”
ƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ›‘—”™‘”ǡ–‘†‹•–”‹„—–‡›‘—”™‘”ƒ†Ȁ‘”ƒ‡
‘‡› ˆ”‘ ›‘—” ™‘”Ǥ Š‡› †‘ ‘– ‰‹˜‡ ›‘— –Š‡ ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘
”‡•–”‹…– ƒ›–Š‹‰ –Šƒ– ‹• ‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ ’‡”‹––‡† „› ‡š…‡’–‹‘• ‘”
Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘• –‘ …‘’›”‹‰Š–––‹…Ž—†‹‰ǡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ǡ ˆƒ‹” —•‡ ‘” ˆƒ‹”
†‡ƒŽ‹‰––‘”†‘–Š‡›‰‹˜‡›‘—–Š‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘…‘–”‘Žƒ›–Š‹‰–Šƒ–
‹•‘–’”‘–‡…–‡†„›…‘’›”‹‰Š–Žƒ™ǡ•—…Šƒ•ˆƒ…–•ƒ†‹†‡ƒ•Ǥ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡• ƒ––ƒ…Š –‘ –Š‡ ™‘” ƒ†
ƒ—–Š‘”‹œ‡‡˜‡”›‘‡™Š‘…‘‡•‹…‘–ƒ…–™‹–Š–Š‡™‘”–‘—•‡
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‘ˆ›‘—””‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•ǦŽ‹…‡•‡†™‘”ǡ‘„…ƒ‰‹˜‡ƒ…‘’›
–‘ ƒ”‘Ž ƒ† ƒ”‘Ž ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ƒ—–Š‘”‹œ‡† –‘ —•‡ –Š‡ ™‘”
…‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Š–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ‘—–Š‡Šƒ˜‡ƒ
Ž‹…‡•‡ƒ‰”‡‡‡–•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›™‹–Š„‘–Š‘„ƒ†ƒ”‘ŽǤ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡•ƒ”‡‡š’”‡••‡†‹–Š”‡‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
ˆ‘”ƒ–•ǣ –Š‡‘‘• ‡‡† ȋŠ—ƒǦ”‡ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡ …‘†‡Ȍǡ –Š‡ ‡‰ƒŽ
‘†‡ ȋŽƒ™›‡”Ǧ”‡ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡ …‘†‡ȌǢ ƒ† –Š‡ ‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒ ȋƒ…Š‹‡
”‡ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡…‘†‡ȌǤ‘—†‘ǯ–‡‡†–‘•‹‰ƒ›–Š‹‰–‘‰‡–ƒ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡––Œ—•–•‡Ž‡…–›‘—”Ž‹…‡•‡ƒ–‘—”Ǯ‹…‡•‡ǯ’ƒ‰‡Ǥ
‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ –Š‹‰ ›‘— •Š‘—Ž† —†‡”•–ƒ† ƒ„‘—– ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡• ‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡› ƒ”‡ ƒŽŽ ‘Ǧ‡š…Ž—•‹˜‡Ǥ Š‹•
‡ƒ•–Šƒ–›‘—…ƒ’‡”‹––Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ’—„Ž‹…–‘—•‡›‘—”™‘”
—†‡” ƒ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‡–‡” ‹–‘ ƒ
•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ƒ††‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‘Ǧ‡š…Ž—•‹˜‡Ž‹…‡•‡™‹–Š•‘‡‘‡‡Ž•‡ǡ
ˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ‹‡š…Šƒ‰‡ˆ‘”‘‡›Ǥ
WhatifIchangemymind?
Š‹• ‹• ƒ ‡š–”‡‡Ž› ‹’‘”–ƒ– ’‘‹– ˆ‘” ›‘— –‘ …‘•‹†‡”Ǥ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡•ƒ”‡‘Ǧ”‡˜‘…ƒ„Ž‡ǤŠ‹•‡ƒ•–Šƒ–
›‘—…ƒ‘–•–‘’•‘‡‘‡ǡ™Š‘Šƒ•‘„–ƒ‹‡†›‘—”™‘”—†‡”ƒ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡ǡ ˆ”‘ —•‹‰ –Š‡ ™‘” ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘
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‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡ƒ–ƒ›–‹‡›‘—™‹•ŠǢ„—––Š‹•™‹ŽŽ‘–ƒˆˆ‡…–
–Š‡ ”‹‰Š–• ™‹–Š ƒ› …‘’‹‡• ‘ˆ ›‘—” ™‘” ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ‹ …‹”…—Žƒ–‹‘
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42 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

•—”‡ –Šƒ– ›‘— ƒ”‡ Šƒ’’› ˆ‘” ’‡‘’Ž‡ –‘ „‡ —•‹‰ ›‘—” ™‘”
…‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Š–Š‡–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡ǡ‡˜‡‹ˆ›‘—Žƒ–‡”•–‘’
†‹•–”‹„—–‹‰›‘—”™‘”Ǥ
‘”•‘‡…”‡ƒ–‘”•ƒ†Ȁ‘”Ž‹…‡•‘”•ǡ–Š‹•‹•‘–ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–
‹••—‡Ǥ ˆ ›‘— ƒ”‡ ƒ ƒƒ–‡—” ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š‡”ǡ ƒ† ›‘—ǯ˜‡ Œ—•–
–ƒ‡ƒ…‘‘Ž’‹…–—”‡‘ˆ–Ǥ —Œ‹ǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ›„‡Ž‹––Ž‡”‹•–‘›‘—‹ˆ
›‘— †‡…‹†‡ –‘ ƒ‡ ‹– ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ —†‡” ‘—” ˆ”‡‡•– Ž‹…‡•‡ –Šƒ–
”‡•‡”˜‡• ‘Ž› –Š‡ ”‹‰Š– ‘ˆ ƒ––”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ —– ‹ˆ ›‘—ǯ”‡ ƒ —•‹…‹ƒ
™Š‘ †‡’‡†• —’‘ ›‘—” —•‹… ˆ‘” ›‘—” Ž‹˜‡Ž‹Š‘‘†ǡ ›‘— •Š‘—Ž†
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…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‘”Ǥ ƒ› —•‹…‹ƒ• Šƒ˜‡ †‹•…‘˜‡”‡† –Šƒ– ‘ˆˆ‡”‹‰
™‘” ˆ‘” ‘…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ —•‡ …ƒ „‡ “—‹–‡ ”‡™ƒ”†‹‰Ǥ —–
ƒ›–Š‹‰ „‡›‘† –Šƒ– ”‡“—‹”‡• …ƒ”‡ˆ—Ž …‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‡ ƒŽŽ
ƒ†‹”‡‰‡‡”‘—••‘—Ž•Ǥ—–‹ˆ›‘—™ƒ––‘„‡‰‡‡”‘—•ǡ™‡™ƒ–
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–Š‡™‘”‹–Š‡‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒȋ–‡š–ǡƒ—†‹‘ǡ˜‹†‡‘ǡ‹ƒ‰‡ǡ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹˜‡Ȍ
ƒ† ›‘— •Š‘—Ž† —•‡ –Š‹•Ǥ Š‹• ‡ƒ„Ž‡• ‘”‡ ’”‡…‹•‡ ƒ…Š‹‡Ǧ
”‡ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ
‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ›‘— •Š‘—Ž† ƒŽ•‘ –Š‹ ƒ„‘—– ‡šƒ…–Ž› ™Š‹…Š
‡Ž‡‡–• ‘ˆ ›‘—” ™‘” ›‘— ƒ”‡ Ž‹…‡•‹‰Ǥ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ‹ –Š‡
…ƒ•‡‘ˆƒ™‡„•‹–‡ǡƒ”‡›‘—Ž‹…‡•‹‰Œ—•––Š‡–‡š–ƒ†‹ƒ‰‡•ǫ”
ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ •–›Ž‡•Š‡‡–• ƒ† –Š‡ …‘†‡ –Šƒ– ”— –Š‡ •‹–‡ǫ ‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ ‹ˆ
›‘— ƒ‡ ǦŽ‹…‡•‡† —•‹… ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ˆ‘” †‘™Ž‘ƒ† ‘ ›‘—”
•‹–‡ǡ †‘‡• –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡ ƒ’’Ž› –‘ „‘–Š –Š‡
—•‹…ƒŽ …‘’‘•‹–‹‘ ƒ† –Š‡ •‘—† ”‡…‘”†‹‰ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ƒ›
ƒ”–™‘”ƒ†‰”ƒ’Š‹…•ƒ–›‘—”•‹–‡ǫ†”‡‡„‡”ǡƒ•†‹•…—••‡†
—†‡”Dzƒ‡•—”‡›‘—Šƒ˜‡–Š‡”‹‰Š–•dzƒ„‘˜‡ǡ›‘—‡‡†–‘ƒ‡
•—”‡›‘—Šƒ˜‡–Š‡”‹‰Š–•–‘‡ƒ…Š‡Ž‡‡––Šƒ–›‘—Ž‹…‡•‡—†‡”
ƒ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ
ƒ‡ ƒ ‘‡– –‘ –Š‹ ƒ„‘—– ‡šƒ…–Ž› ™Šƒ– ›‘— ƒ”‡
‹–‡†‹‰ –‘ Ž‹…‡•‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ˆ”ƒ‡ ›‘—” ‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒ ƒ† Ž‡‰ƒŽ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 43

‘–‹…‡ƒ……‘”†‹‰Ž›ǡ‡‰ǤDzŽŽ‹ƒ‰‡•ƒ––Š‹••‹–‡ƒ”‡Ž‹…‡•‡†—†‡”
ƒ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•ȏ‹•‡”–†‡•…”‹’–‹‘ȐʹǤͷŽ‹…‡•‡Ǥdz

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‘—‡‡†–‘…Š‡…™‹–Š›‘—”•‘…‹‡–›Ǥ—””‡–Ž›ǡƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡
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–Š‡ ˆ‘” ›‘—Ǥ ‘ ‹ˆ ›‘— ƒ”‡ ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ƒ ‡„‡” ‘ˆ ƒ …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‰
•‘…‹‡–›‹‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘•ǡ›‘—ƒ›‘–„‡‡–‹–Ž‡† –‘
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…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‰•‘…‹‡–›ǤŽ‡ƒ•‡ƒŽ•‘”‡ƒ†–Š‡ ‘–Š‡™‡„•‹–‡‘ˆ–Š‡
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•’”‘Œ‡…––‡ƒˆ‘”›‘—”Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘ˆ‘”‘”‡
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—––Š‹•‹••—‡‹›‘—”Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘Ǥ
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•‘Ž—–‹‘ –Šƒ– ‡ƒ„Ž‡• …”‡ƒ–‘”• ‘ˆ …‘–‡– –‘ ‡Œ‘› –Š‡ „‡‡ˆ‹–•
„‘–Š•›•–‡•‘ˆˆ‡”Ǥ

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‹–‡†•–‘…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ‹œ‡‹–Ǥ
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44 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Ž‹…‡•‡‡• ™Š‹…Š —•‡• ƒ”‡ ‰”ƒ–‡† ˆ”‡‡Ž› ƒ† —†‡” ™Šƒ–

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‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ –Š‡ …”‹–‡”‹‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ •‡Ž‡…–‹‘ ‘ˆ …‡”–ƒ‹ –›’‡• ‘ˆ
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„‡•––‘…Š‘‘•‡–‘ƒ’’Ž›–Š‡‘•–”‡…‡–ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡Ž‹…‡•‡ǡ•‘–Šƒ–
›‘— …ƒ –ƒ‡ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘…‡••‹‰ ‹’Ž‡‡–‡† „› –Š‡
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•–‡ƒ‘ˆŽƒ™›‡”•Ǥ–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•–Šƒ–‹–Š‡…ƒ•‡‘ˆ
–Š‡ ’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ‡™ ˜‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ǡ ‹– ‹•
”‡…‘‡†‡†–‘—’†ƒ–‡–Š‡‘–‹…‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡…ƒŽŽƒ†–Š‡Ž‹–‘
–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ
—– ™‡ …ƒ‘– ‡š…Ž—†‡ …ƒ•‡• ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‘” …‘•‹†‡”•
–Šƒ– ƒ ‘Ž†‡” ˜‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ ‹• „‡––‡” ƒ† Š‡ †‘‡• ‘–
™ƒ––‘—’†ƒ–‡–Š‡…‘’›”‹‰Š–‘–‹…‡Ǥ

Ǥ

 
Š‡…Š‘‹…‡‘ˆŒ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘•–†‡Ž‹…ƒ–‡ƒ•’‡…–•ǡ
•‹…‡ ‹– ”‡“—‹”‡• •‘‡ ”—†‹‡–• ‘ˆ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ Žƒ™Ǥ
‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ•’‡…–‹•ˆ—”–Š‡”…‘’Ž‹…ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ
ƒ† –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ‘‡Ǣ •‹…‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡• –‘‘Ž•
ƒ”‡†‡•‹‰‡†’”‹ƒ”‹Ž›ˆ‘”–Š‡†‹‰‹–ƒŽ™‘”Ž†ǡ‹–‹•”‡ƒŽŽ›†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–
–‘…‹”…—•…”‹„‡–Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡–‘ƒ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘‹
ƒ†˜ƒ…‡Ǥ
‡– —• ‡š’Žƒ‹ „‡––‡”Ǥ ‹”•–Ž›ǡ ™‡ …‘•‹†‡” –Šƒ– –Š‡ …”‹–‡”‹‘
ˆ‘” …Š‘‘•‹‰–Š‡ ‘•–ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘ ‹• ‘– •‘ —…Š
™Šƒ––Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‘”‹•ǡ„—–”ƒ–Š‡”–Š‡…‘–‡š–‹
™Š‹…Š –Š‡ ™‘” ™‹ŽŽ ’Žƒ› –Š‡ ƒ‹ ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ Š‹• Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ Š—•ǡ ‹ ƒ
Š›’‘–Š‡–‹…ƒŽ …ƒ•‡ǡ ‹ˆ ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ –ƒŽ‹ƒ ƒ—–Š‘” ™Š‘ ™”‹–‡• ƒ
‘˜‡Ž ‹ ”‡…Šǡ „—– –Š‡ ‘˜‡Ž ‹• ’”‹ƒ”‹Ž› ‹–‡†‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 45

‡Ž‰‹ƒ ƒ”‡–ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ‡Ž‰‹ƒ Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ –Š‡ ‘•–
‹†‹…ƒ–‡†‘‡ǤŠƒ–‹•–”—‡ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‹’”‹…‹’Ž‡ǡ„—–…‘•‹†‡”–Šƒ–
–Š‡ …Š‘‹…‡ ‘ˆ Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡• •‘‡ •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– Ž‡‰ƒŽ
…‘•‡“—‡…‡•ǣ‹ˆƒ…–ǡ‹ƒ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—––Š‡—•‡ ‘ˆ
–Š‡ ™‘”ǡ ™‡ —•– ”‡ˆ‡” –‘ –Š‡ ”—Ž‡• ‘ˆ ‡Ž‰‹—ǡ ƒ† ‹ •‘‡
…ƒ•‡•„‡”‡ƒ†›–‘•–ƒ”–ƒ…‹˜‹Ž…ƒ•‡„‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ‡Ž‰‹ƒ…‘—”–Ǥ
– ‹• ˜‡”› †‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž– ‡˜‡ ˆ‘” ‡š’‡”–• –‘ ƒ‡ ƒ••‡••‡–•ǡ
•‹…‡‹–Š‡…—””‡–‰Ž‘„ƒŽ‹œ‡†™‘”Ž†‘ˆ…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•‘‘‡
…ƒ ’”‡†‹…– ˆ‘” •—”‡ ‹ ™Šƒ– …‘–‡š– –Š‡ ™‘” ™‹ŽŽ …‹”…—Žƒ–‡
’”‡†‘‹ƒ–Ž›‹ƒ†ˆ‘”Š‘™Ž‘‰Ǥ
Š‡•‡ –– ‹†›‘— –– ƒ”‡”ƒ–Š‡”–Š‡‘”‡–‹…ƒŽƒ†Š›’‘–Š‡–‹…ƒŽ
”‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘•Ǣˆ‘”ƒ…‘””‡…–†‹ƒ‰‘•‹•‹–‹•‡…‡••ƒ”›–‘ƒ••‡••‡ƒ…Š
•‹–—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ‘•–…ƒ•‡•—•‹‰ƒDz—’‘”–‡†dzŽ‹…‡•‡™”‹––‡ˆ‘”
ƒ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ—†‹‡…‡‹•–Š‡‘•–”‡ƒ•‘ƒ„Ž‡…Š‘‹…‡ǡƒ†‹•
–Š‡ †‡ˆƒ—Ž– ‹ ƒ› •›•–‡• –Šƒ– —–‹Ž‹œ‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•
Ž‹…‡•‹‰Ǥ

4.LEGALSUGGESTIONS
‡–ǯ••–ƒ”–™‹–Šƒ•‹’Ž‡„—–ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽŽ‘‰‹…ƒŽƒ••—’–‹‘ǡ
™Š‹…Š ‹• …‘‡…–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ —†‡”Ž›‹‰
‡…Šƒ‹••‘ˆŽ‹…‡•‡•Ǥ‹…‡ˆ‘”…‡–—”‹‡•–Š‡”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡‘†‡Ž
ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ‘ˆ …‘’›”‹‰Š– Šƒ• „‡‡ –Š‡ DzƒŽŽ ”‹‰Š–•
”‡•‡”˜‡†dz‘†‡Žǡ‹–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•–Šƒ–ƒ›™‘”‹™Š‹…Š™‡”—‹–‘
”‡•’‘†• –‘ –Š‡ ‘†‡Ž ‘ˆ ˆ—ŽŽ ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ǡ ™Š‡–Š‡” ƒ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…
™ƒ”‹‰‹••Š‘™‘”‘–Ǥ‘–Š‡”™‘”†•ǡ‹ˆ•—”ˆ‹‰‘–Š‡™‡„
™‡ ˆ‹† ƒ ’‹…–—”‡ǡ –‡š–ǡ —•‹… ƒ† ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ ‘ ƒ••—”ƒ…‡ –Šƒ–
–Š‡”‹‰Š–•Š‘Ž†‡”Šƒ•ƒ—–Š‘”‹œ‡†–Š‡‹”ˆ”‡‡—•‡‹•‘‡™ƒ›ǡ™‡
—•–”‡ˆ”ƒ‹ˆ”‘ƒ›‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡ‹‘”–Š‡”–‘’”‘–‡…–‘—”•‡Ž˜‡•
ˆ”‘ ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ‹Œ—…–‹‘• ƒ† Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” …‘’›”‹‰Š–
‹ˆ”‹‰‡‡–Ǥ
‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ‘˜‹‰–‘–Š‡’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰Š–•Š‘Ž†‡”ǡ
‹ˆ ™‡ ƒŽŽ‘™ …‡”–ƒ‹ ˆ”‡‡ —•‡• ‘ˆ ‘—” ™‘” ™‡ •Š‘—Ž† ‡–‹‘
‡š’Ž‹…‹–Ž› ƒ† …Ž‡ƒ”Ž›ǡ •‘ –Šƒ– ƒ› —•‡” ȋ‡˜‡ ”ƒ†‘Ȍ ‘ˆ ‘—”
™‘”…ƒ—†‡”•–ƒ†‘—”…Š‘‹…‡ƒ†…ƒ–ƒ‡ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‹–Ǥ


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Ǥ

Š‡–Š‡”™‘”•ƒ”‡‹†‹‰‹–ƒŽˆ‘”ƒ–ǡ‘”–Š‡›ƒ”‡†‹•–”‹„—–‡†
‘ ƒ ’Š›•‹…ƒŽ ‡†‹—ǡ –Š‡ ‘•– „ƒƒŽ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘•– ‹–—‹–‹˜‡
•‘Ž—–‹‘‹•–‘’—–ƒƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡‘–‹…‡ƒ„‘—–…‘’›”‹‰Š–‹–Š‡
™‘” ȋ‘” ‹‡š–”‹…ƒ„Ž› Ž‹‡†Ȍ –‘ •’‡…‹ˆ› –Š‡ –Š”‡‡ ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ
’‹‡…‡•‘ˆ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǣ–Š‡ƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰Š–•Š‘Ž†‡”ǡ–Š‡›‡ƒ”‘ˆ
’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ–Š‡›‡ƒ”‹™Š‹…Š–Š‡”‹‰Š–•„‡‰ƒ
–‘„‡‡š‡”…‹•‡†Ȍƒ†–Š‡–›’‡‘ˆŽ‹…‡•‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†–‘–Š‡™‘”Ǥ
…‘””‡…–‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ…‘’›”‹‰Š–‘–‹…‡…‘—Ž†„‡ǣ

Copyright © Joseph Green 2011
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution ––
Non Commercial –– Share Alike 3.0 license.
The text of the license is available at
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

‡•Š‘—Ž†‘–ˆ‘”‰‡–ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡•‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž•ƒ†‹…Ž—†‡–Š‡Ž‹
…‘””‡…–Ž› ƒ† …‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›Ǥ  ‹ƒ……—”ƒ–‡ †‹•…Žƒ‹‡” ȋ‘” ƒ •‡ŽˆǦ
…‘–”ƒ†‹…–‘”› ‘‡Ȍ ™‘—Ž† —†‡”‹‡ –Š‡ ˆ—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ
…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‰‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘™‹–Šƒ›Ž‡‰ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡Ǥ
‘™‡˜‡”ǡ™‡…‘•‹†‡”–Šƒ–ǡ‹–Š‡…ƒ•‡‘ˆ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•
Ž‹…‡•‡• ƒ’’Ž‹‡† –Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‹•‡”–‹‘ ‘ˆ …‘†‡ ‹–‘ ™‡„
’ƒ‰‡•ȋ•‡‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž•‹–Š‡‡š–•‡…–‹‘Ȍǡƒ†”ƒˆ–‘ˆ…‘’›”‹‰Š–‘–‹…‡
ƒ’’‡ƒ”• ƒ– –Š‡ „‘––‘ ‘ˆ ‘—” ’ƒ‰‡Ǥ ‘–Š‹‰ ’”‘Š‹„‹–• —• ˆ”‘
‡”‹…Š‹‰ –Š‹• „”‹‡ˆ –‡š– ™‹–Š ‘”‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘” ˆ”‘
‡„‡ŽŽ‹•Š‹‰‹–„›”‡’Žƒ…‹‰…‡”–ƒ‹™‘”†•ǤŠƒ–ƒ––‡”•‹•–Šƒ–
–Š‡ •‡…–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ Ž‹ –‘ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ ”‡ƒ‹• ‹–ƒ…– ƒ† –Š‡
‡† ”‡•—Ž– ‹• …Ž‡ƒ” ƒ† …‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š ™Šƒ– ‡‡†• –‘ „‡
‡š’”‡••‡†Ǥ

Ǥ 
Dzdz
• ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ •‡‡ǡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Šƒ• ’—– ƒ Ž‘– ‘ˆ
‡’Šƒ•‹• ‘ –Š‡ •‡ƒ–‹… ‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˜‹•—ƒŽ•ǡ –Šƒ– ‹•
–Š‘•‡ •ƒŽŽ ‹…‘• ƒ† „—––‘• ™‹–Š ™Š‹…Š –Š‡‹” ‡˜‘…ƒ–‹˜‡
‰”ƒ’Š‹…•‹†‡–‹ˆ›–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡•ƒ†‘–Š‡”˜ƒ”‹‘—•–‘‘Ž•‘ˆ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘•Ǥ  ƒ††‹–‹‘ –‘ –Š‘•‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ …Žƒ—•‡•ǡ
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–Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ ‰‡‡”‹… ‘‡ ȋƒ† ’‡”Šƒ’• –Š‡ ‘•– …‘‘ ‘‡Ȍ
™‹–Š–Š‡•›„‘Ž‘ˆ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•–Šƒ–‹•–Š‡†‘—„Ž‡…‹”…Ž‡†
ǡƒ†–Š‡•‡–‡…‡Dz•‘‡”‹‰Š–•”‡•‡”˜‡†dzǤ

–Š‡”™‹•‡ǡ ‹– ‹• ‹’‘”–ƒ– –‘ „‡ƒ” ‹ ‹† –Šƒ– –Š‡•‡ ƒ”‡
‡Ž‡‡–• –Šƒ– ’”‹ƒ”‹Ž› Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ ’—”’‘•‡ –‘ ‡„‡ŽŽ‹•Š ƒ†
†‹••‡‹ƒ–‡ǡ•‘–Šƒ–—•‡”•…ƒ—†‡”•–ƒ†ƒ†”‡…‘‰‹œ‡‘”‡
‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡Ž› Ž‹…‡•‡• ƒ† ‘–Š‡” ‹•–”—‡–• ‹ –Š‡ ™‘”Ž† ‘ˆ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ Ž‘‰‘• ƒ† ˜‹•—ƒŽ• †‘ ‘– Šƒ˜‡ ƒ
Ž‡‰ƒŽŽ›Ǧ•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‹ –Š‡ •‡•‡ –Šƒ– ‘Ž› —•‹‰ ‘‡ ‘ˆ
–Š‡•‡˜‹•—ƒŽ•ƒ›‘–„‡•—ˆˆ‹…‹‡––‘‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‡™‹ŽŽ‹‰‡••‘ˆ
–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡‡‹ˆ–Š‡›ƒ”‡‘––‹‡†–‘ƒƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡†‹•…Žƒ‹‡”‘”
ȋ™Š‡’‘••‹„Ž‡Ȍ–‘ƒŽ‹–‘–Š‡–‡š–‘ˆ–Šƒ–Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ
‡–ǯ•Ž‘‘ƒ––Š‡’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡‘ˆƒ‰‡‡”‹…—•‡”‘ˆ‘—””‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡† ™‘”ǡ ™Š‘ǡ ™‹–Š‘—– ‘™‹‰ ‹ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ•–
™Šƒ– ƒ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡ ‹•ǡ ‰‡–• ƒ  ‘” ƒ „‘‘ –Šƒ–
‘Ž› •Š‘™• –Š‡ ˜‹•—ƒŽ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ ‘” –– ‡˜‡
™‘”•‡ –– –Š‡ ‰‡‡”‹… „—––‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ †‘—„Ž‡  …‹”…Ž‡† ƒ† –Š‡
™‘”†•Dz•‘‡”‹‰Š–•”‡•‡”˜‡†dzǤ‹–Š–Š‡•‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ†‹”‡…–‹‘•–Š‡
—•‡” …ƒ‘– ‡ƒ•‹Ž› –”ƒ…‡ –Š‡ ”‡ƒŽ ™‹ŽŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‘”ǡ ƒ†
–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ ˆ—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˜‹•—ƒŽ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ ‘– „‡
•—ˆˆ‹…‹‡–Ǥ•–‡ƒ†ǡ–Š‡‹••—‡‹•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ˆ™‡‘˜‡‹–Š‡†‹‰‹–ƒŽ
ƒ†‘Ž‹‡‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǣ‹ˆ‹–‹•ƒ™‘”’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‘–Š‡‡„ǡƒ
•‹’Ž‡ „—––‘ ƒ› „‡ •—ˆˆ‹…‹‡– –‘ ‹ˆ‘” –Š‡ —•‡” ™Š‡
…Ž‹…‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ „—––‘ –Š‡ –‡š– ‘ˆ ƒ †‹•…Žƒ‹‡” ‘” †‹”‡…–Ž› –Š‡
Ž‹…‡•‡ǯ• –‡š– ȋ‡‹–Š‡” –Š‡ Dz…‘‘• †‡‡†dz ‘” DzŽ‡‰ƒŽ …‘†‡dzȌ
ƒ’’‡ƒ”•…Ž‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ†‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›Ǥ
Š‡ ‹••—‡ „‡…‘‡• ‡˜‡ ‘”‡ †‡Ž‹…ƒ–‡ ‹ˆ ™‡ ƒ‡ •‘‡
…‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘•™Š‡‹–…‘‡•–‘–”ƒ†‡ƒ”Žƒ™ƒ†’”‘–‡…–‹‘
‘ˆ†‹•–‹…–‹˜‡•‹‰•Ǥ
†‡‡†ǡƒ••–ƒ–‡†‘–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽ™‡„Ǧ’ƒ‰‡ˆ‘”–Š‡’‘Ž‹…‹‡•ˆ‘”
—•‹‰–Š‡–”ƒ†‡ƒ”•ǡǼ–Š‡†‘—„Ž‡‹ƒ…‹”…Ž‡ǡ–Š‡™‘”†•ƒ†
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Ž‘‰‘–›’‡ Dz”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•ǡdz ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡

„—––‘•ǡ ƒ† ƒ› …‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘”‡‰‘‹‰ǡ ™Š‡–Š‡”
‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡† ‹–‘ ƒ Žƒ”‰‡” ™Š‘Ž‡ ‘” •–ƒ†‹‰ ƒŽ‘‡ǡ ƒ”‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘•ǯ –”ƒ†‡ƒ”•Ǥǽ ͳ͸Ǥ Š‡ ’—”’‘•‡ ‹• –‘ …Žƒ”‹ˆ› –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ
„”ƒ†• ȋŽ‘‰‘•ǡ –”ƒ†‡ƒ”•ǡ ˜‹•—ƒŽ•Ȍ ƒ”‡ •—„Œ‡…– –‘ Ž‡‰ƒŽ
’”‘–‡…–‹‘ǡ ƒ† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ”‹‰Š– Š‘Ž†‡” ‹• –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•
‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ —•‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘‘Ž• ‘ˆˆ‡”‡† „› ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘•…ƒ—•‡–Š‡ˆ”‡‡Ž›ǡ„—–‹•–”‹…–…‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡™‹–Š–Š‡
’‘Ž‹…‹‡•†‹…–ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡„‘†›Ǥ

 –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‘‰‘ǡ –Š‡

ƒˆ‘”‡‡–‹‘‡† ’ƒ‰‡ †‡†‹…ƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹…‹‡• ‡š’Žƒ‹• –Šƒ–
Ǽ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡•–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ‹–•–”ƒ†‡ƒ”‡†Ž‘‰‘
‹ –Š‡ …‘–‡š– ‘ˆ ‹–• —„Ž‹… ‘’›”‹‰Š– ‹…‡•‡ ƒ”• ȋ•Š‘™
‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›–‘–Š‡”‹‰Š–Ȍ‘–Š‡…‘†‹–‹‘–Šƒ–Ž‹…‡•‡‡—•‡–Š‡
ƒ” •‘Ž‡Ž› –‘ ’‘‹– –‘ ƒ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡ ‘”
‘‘•†‡‡†‘–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘••‡”˜‡”‘”‘–Š‡”™‹•‡
—•‡•‹––‘†‡•…”‹„‡–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡–Šƒ–ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–‘
ƒ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”™‘”Ǣƒ†’”‘˜‹†‡†–Šƒ–ǡ–‘–Š‡‡š–‡––Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡‡
‹• —•‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ” ‹ ƒ ‘Ž‹‡ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ǡ Ž‹…‡•‡‡ †‘‡• ‘–
ƒŽ–‡” ‘” ”‡‘˜‡ –Š‡ Š›’‡”Ž‹ ‡„‡††‡† ‹ •—…Š Ž‘‰‘ ƒ• ƒ†‡
ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡‘”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•™‡„’ƒ‰‡ǽ ͳ͹Ǥ
‡•’‹–‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Šƒ• •Š‘™ •‘‡ ˆŽ‡š‹„‹Ž‹–› ƒ†
–‘Ž‡”ƒ…‡‹–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ‹–•Ž‘‰‘•ǡ™‡ƒŽ™ƒ›•Šƒ˜‡–‘‡‡’‹‹†
–Šƒ–ƒ›—ƒ—–Š‘”‹œ‡†—•‡‘ˆƒƒ”ƒ›‡–ƒ‹Ž –– ‹’”‹…‹’Ž‡ ––
ƒŽ‡‰ƒŽ†‹•’—–‡Ǥ‘‹–‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•ƒ†˜‹•ƒ„Ž‡–‘•–”‹…–Ž›ƒ†Š‡”‡–‘–Š‡
’‘Ž‹…‹‡• ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•Ǥ ‘” ‘–Š‡” —•‡• ‘– ’”‘˜‹†‡† ‹
–Š‡ ’‘Ž‹…‹‡• ‹– ‹• „‡––‡” –‘ …‘–ƒ…– –Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡…– Ž‡ƒ†‡”• –‘ ‘„–ƒ‹
•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ—–Š‘”‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ

ͳ͸ Š––’ǣȀȀ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ’‘Ž‹…‹‡•Ǥ
ͳ͹ Š––’ǣȀȀ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ’‘Ž‹…‹‡•Ǥ
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5.THEGUIDEDPROCESSFORCHOOSINGALICENSE
‘” –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ Šƒ˜‡ ‘– ›‡– ƒ…“—‹”‡† •—ˆˆ‹…‹‡– ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹–›
™‹–Š –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡•ǡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Šƒ• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ƒ
‹–‡”ƒ…–‹˜‡ ’”‘…‡•• –‘ …Š‘‘•‡ ƒ†ƒ’’Ž›ƒ Ž‹…‡•‡ ™Š‹…Š ‹• –Š‡
…Ž‘•‡•– –‘ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‘”ǯ• ‡‡†•ǣ ‹– ‹• ‹ –Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽ ™‡„ •‹–‡ ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ…Š‘‘•‡ȀǤ
‡– —• ‘„•‡”˜‡ Š‘™ –Š‡ •…”‡‡Ǧ•Š‘– ƒ’’‡ƒ”• ƒ– –Š‡
„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‰—‹†‹‰’”‘…‡†—”‡ǣ


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 ‡••‡…‡ǡ –‘ ƒ‡ –Š‹‰• •‹’Ž‡” ƒ† ‘”‡ ‹–—‹–‹˜‡ –Š‡

•‹–‡ ’”‡•‡–• •‘‡ “—‡•–‹‘• –‘ †‡†—…‡ ™Š‹…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‹š
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡•„‡•–•‡”˜‡•‘—”‡‡†•ƒ•Ž‹…‡•‘”•Ǥ
Š‡ˆ‹”•–“—‡•–‹‘‹•Dz‘›‘—ƒŽŽ‘™…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ—•‡•‘ˆ›‘—”
™‘”ǫdzƒ†–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡–™‘’‘••‹„‹Ž‡ƒ•™‡”•ǣDz›‡•dz‘”Dz‘dzǤ
Š‡•‡…‘†“—‡•–‹‘‹•Dz‘›‘—ƒŽŽ‘™‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ›‘—”
™‘”ǫdzƒ†‘ˆˆ‡”•–Š”‡‡’‘••‹„Ž‡ƒ•™‡”•ǣDz›‡•dzǡDz‘dzƒ†Dz›‡•ǡ
ƒ•Ž‘‰ƒ•‘–Š‡”••Šƒ”‡ƒŽ‹‡dzǤ
—„•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ–Š‡•…”‡‡’”‘˜‹†‡•–Š‡‘’–‹‘–‘…Š‘‘•‡–Š‡
Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘Ǥ …”‘ŽŽ‹‰ †‘™ǡ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ …‘—–”‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘”Ž†
ȋ’”‡…‹•‡Ž›ǡ–Š‡…‘—–”‹‡•™Š‡”‡–Š‡’‘”–‹‰‘ˆŽ‹…‡•‡•Šƒ•„‡‡
…‘’Ž‡–‡†Ȍƒ’’‡ƒ”ǤŠ‡™‡…ƒ…Š‘‘•‡–Š‡‘•–ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡
Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘ǡ„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡…”‹–‡”‹ƒ™‡Šƒ˜‡‡–‹‘‡†ƒ„‘˜‡Ǥ–
‹• ƒŽ•‘ ’‘••‹„Ž‡ǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‘– –‘ ‹†‹…ƒ–‡ ƒ› ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”
Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘ǡ Ž‡ƒ˜‹‰ Dz‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡dz Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†Ǥ Š‹• ‹•
•—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ‹ …ƒ•‡• ™Š‡”‡ ‹– ‹• ‘– ’‘••‹„Ž‡ –‘ ƒ‡
‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡ ƒ••‡••‡–• ƒ„‘—– ™Š‹…Š Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ „‡
’”‡˜ƒŽ‡–ˆ‘”–Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡‘ˆ‘—”™‘”ǡƒ†–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡™‡™‹ŽŽ—•‡ƒ
Dz—’‘”–‡†dzŽ‹…‡•‡Ǣ‹–™‹ŽŽ„‡—’–‘–Š‘•‡™Š‘™‹ŽŽƒƒŽ›œ‡–Š‡
•’‡…‹ˆ‹… …ƒ•‡ ȋŒ—†‰‡•ǡ Žƒ™›‡”•ǡ …‘•—Ž–ƒ–•Ȍ –‘ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› –Š‡
…‘””‡…–Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘ƒ†ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ„Ž‡Žƒ™Ǥ
‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ’ƒ”–ƒ‹‡†–‘‰ƒ–Š‡”•‘‡ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—––Š‡™‘”–Š”‘—‰Š•‘‡‘’‡ˆ‹‡Ž†•–Šƒ––Š‡
Ž‹…‡•‘”…ƒˆ‹ŽŽ‹‘”Ž‡ƒ˜‡„ŽƒǤ
Š‡†ƒ–ƒ–Šƒ–Š‡†‡…‹†‡•–‘‡–‡”™‹ŽŽŽƒ–‡”„‡ ‹…‘”’‘”ƒ–‡†
™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒ …‘•–‹–—–‹‰ –Š‡ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ …‘†‡Ǣ ‘ˆ …‘—”•‡ǡ ‹ˆ
›‘—™ƒ––‘ƒ‡›‘—”™‘””‡ƒ†‹Ž›ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ƒ†”‡…‘‰‹œƒ„Ž‡
›‘—•Š‘—Ž†’”‘˜‹†‡ƒ•—…Š‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡Ǥ
Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†•–‘„‡ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†‹”‡Žƒ–‡–‘ǣ
Ȉ –Š‡ ˆ‘”ƒ– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘” ȋƒ—†‹‘ǡ ˜‹†‡‘ǡ ‹ƒ‰‡ǡ –‡š–ǡ
‹–‡”ƒ…–‹˜‡‘”‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ȌǢ
Ȉ–Š‡–‹–Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ǣ
Ȉ–Š‡ƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”‘”…‘’›”‹‰Š–Š‘Ž†‡”–Šƒ––Š‡—•‡”•
‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘” •Š‘—Ž† •–ƒ–‡ ‹ …‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘
––”‹„—–‹‘ȋ’”‡•‡–‹ƒŽŽ–Š‡•‹šŽ‹…‡•‡•ȌǢ
Ȉ–Š‡ȋ–Š‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…™‡„ƒ††”‡••Ȍ–Šƒ–™‹ŽŽŽ‹–Š‘•‡™Š‘
—•‡‘””‡†‹•–”‹„—–‡–Š‡™‘”Ǣ
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Ȉ –Š‡ •‘—”…‡ ˆ”‘ ™Š‹…Š –Š‡ ™‘” ‹• ‡š–”ƒ’‘Žƒ–‡† ȋ‹ –Š‡
…ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ™‘” –Šƒ– ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› …‘‡• ˆ”‘ ƒ‘–Š‡” ’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›
’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‘‡ȌǢ
Ȉ–Š‡‡šƒ…–ƒ††”‡••‘ˆ–Š‡™‡„’ƒ‰‡™Š‡”‡–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‘”…ƒ
’‘••‹„Ž›…Žƒ‹–‘ƒŽŽ‘™‘–Š‡”—•‡•ǡ‹ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘–Š‘•‡ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›
‰”ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡…Š‘‹…‡Ǥ
…‡›‘—Šƒ˜‡ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†‹‡˜‡”›–Š‹‰–Šƒ–›‘—ƒ”‡‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹ǡ
›‘— …ƒ …Ž‹… ‘ –Š‡ Dz•‡Ž‡…– ƒ Ž‹…‡•‡dz „—––‘ ƒ† ›‘— ™‹ŽŽ „‡
ˆ‘”™ƒ”†‡†–‘–Š‡’ƒ‰‡™Š‡”‡–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡™Š‹…Š…‘””‡•’‘†•–‘
›‘—”’”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡•‹•ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•…”‡‡Ǧ•Š‘–ǣ


Š‡ ”‡“—‡•–‡† Ž‹…‡•‡ ‹• ’”‡•‡– ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡
•…”‡‡Ǧ•Š‘–ƒ†Š‡”‡–Š‡”‡‹•‘‡‘”‡…Š‘‹…‡–‘ƒ‡ǣ‹–‹•ƒ
’—”‡Ž›ƒ‡•–Š‡–‹……Š‘‹…‡ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ™Š‹…Š‘ˆ–Š‡–Š”‡‡–›’‡•‘ˆ„—––‘•
›‘—’”‡ˆ‡”–‘•Š‘™‘›‘—”™‡„’ƒ‰‡Ǥ…‡›‘—Šƒ˜‡…Š‡…‡†
–Š‡ ‘’–‹‘ǡ …Ž‹… ‘ Dzƒ–…Š Š‘™ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ ™‹ŽŽ „‡dz –Š‡ ›‘—
…ƒ•‡‡–Š‡‘‘•‡‡†ƒ•‹–™‹ŽŽ„‡•‡‡„›–Š‡—•‡”•™Š‡
–Š‡›˜‹‡™›‘—”™‡„’ƒ‰‡Ǥ
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‘‘‹‰ ƒ– –Š‡ ‘‘• ‡‡† ‘„–ƒ‹‡†ǡ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ‡Ž‡‡–•
™Š‹…Š ™‡ †‹•…—••‡† ‹ –Š‡•‡ ’ƒ‰‡• …ƒ„‡ ˆ‘—†ǣ –Š‡ ƒ‡ ‘ˆ
–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡™”‹––‡‹ˆ—ŽŽǡ–Š‡…‘’Ž‡–‡˜‡”•‹‘ƒ†Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘
ȋƒŽ•‘Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†„›–Š‡ˆŽƒ‰‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘–Šƒ–ƒ’’‡ƒ”•ƒ––Š‡–‘’
”‹‰Š–Ȍǡ –Š‡ †‹˜‹•‹‘ Ž‹…‡•‡ ‹ –™‘ ƒ‹ ’ƒ”–•ǣ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ’ƒ”–
”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ˆ”‡‡†‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡‡Ǣ ƒ† –Š‡ •‡…‘† ’ƒ”–
”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ …‘†‹–‹‘• •‡– „› –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‘” ™‹–Š •‘‡
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ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ…Žƒ”‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‹•‡”–‡†ƒ––Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡–‡š–Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ
™‡ˆ‹†–Š‡Ž‹–‘–Š‡‡‰ƒŽ‘†‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ
„˜‹‘—•Ž›ǡ‹ˆ›‘—™‡”‡ƒ„‘—––‘’—„Ž‹•Šƒ™‘”‘ƒ’Š›•‹…ƒŽ
‡†‹—ȋ•—…Šƒ•ƒ„‘‘ǡƒ‘”ƒȌ‹•–‡ƒ†‘ˆ‘Ž‹‡ƒ†
›‘—™ƒ–‡†–‘—•‡–Š‡‘‘•‡‡†ƒ•›‘—”†‹•…Žƒ‹‡”ǡ‹–‹•
Š‹‰ŠŽ› ƒ†˜‹•ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ƒ†† ƒ •–ƒ–‡‡– ƒ– –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡š–
•Š‘™‹‰ –Š‡ ˆ—ŽŽ ™‡„ ƒ††”‡•• –‘ ™Š‹…Š –Š‡ —•‡” …ƒ ˆ‹† –Š‡
‡‰ƒŽ ‘†‡Ǥ Š‹• ™ƒ›ǡ ‹ˆ ƒ —•‡” ‹• ‘– ƒ™ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘• ƒ† Š‡ Šƒ† ƒ „‘‘ǡ ƒ  ‘” ƒ  ™‹–Š –Š‹•
‘‘• ‡‡† ‹•‡”–‡†ǡ Š‡ ™‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ”‡ƒ† ƒ† –‘
ƒ•…‡”–ƒ‹ –Š‡ …‘†‹–‹‘• –Šƒ– ›‘— Šƒ˜‡ ’—– ‘ –Š‡ ™‘”ǡ „›
”‡ƒ†‹‰–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ–‡š–‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ

6.TECHNICALSUGGESTIONS
‡…Š‹…ƒŽ‹••—‡•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡†‹••‡‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ™‘”•—†‡”
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡• ƒ”‡ …‘’Ž‡‡–ƒ”› –‘ ‡ƒ…Š ‘–Š‡”
ƒ† …ƒ ˜ƒ”› †‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ’‘‹– ‘ˆ ˜‹‡™ ˆ”‘ ™Š‹…Š ™‡
…‘•‹†‡” –Š‡ǣ ‹ˆ ›‘— ƒ”‡ ƒ ™”‹–‡” ‘” ’”‘†—…‡”ǡ ‹– ‹• ‹ ›‘—”
‹–‡”‡•– –‘ ‡•—”‡ ’”‘’‡” ‡ˆ‘”…‡‡– ‘ˆ  Ž‹…‡•‡• •‘ –Šƒ–
–Š‘•‡ Ž‘‘‹‰ˆ‘” ™‘”• ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡† ™‹–Šƒ…‡”–ƒ‹–›’‡ ‘ˆŽ‹…‡•‡
…ƒˆ‹†›‘—”™‘”‘”‡‡ƒ•‹Ž›Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹ˆ™‡ƒ”‡‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”
•‹†‡ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ‘–Š‡•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡—•‡”™Š‘Ž‘‘•ˆ‘”™‘”•—†‡”
Ž‹…‡•‡•Ȍǡ ™‡ …ƒ †‘ ‘—” ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ƒ† •‡Ž‡…–‹‘ „‡––‡” ‹ˆ –Š‡
Ž‹…‡•‘” Šƒ• ƒ’’Ž‹‡† –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ –‘–Š‡ ™‘”ǡ ‘„•‡”˜‹‰ ƒŽŽ –Š‡
‡…‡••ƒ”› –‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ’”‡…ƒ—–‹‘•Ǥ • ›‘— …ƒ ‹ƒ‰‹‡ǡ –Š‡
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ …‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘• ƒ”‡ ƒ––”‹„—–ƒ„Ž‡ •‘Ž‡Ž› –‘ ™‘”•
’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ‹ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ ˆ‘”ƒ– ƒ† †‹••‡‹ƒ–‡† –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡
–‡”‡–Ǥ ‘ –Š‡› †‘ ‘– ”‡Žƒ–‡ •‘Ž‡Ž› –‘ ™‘”• ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ‘
ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•—’’‘”–•Ǥ
Š‡”‡ƒ”‡•‡˜‡”ƒŽ™ƒ›•–‘’—„Ž‹•Šƒ††‹•–”‹„—–‡ˆ‹Ž‡•‘ˆ›‘—”
™‘” ‘Ž‹‡ǡ •‘‡ –Šƒ– ”‡“—‹”‡ ƒ …‡”–ƒ‹ ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹–› ƒ†
ƒ™ƒ”‡‡•• ‘ˆ ‹–‡”‡– –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ǡ ‘–Š‡”• ™Š‹…Š ƒ”‡ •‹’Ž‡”
ƒ† ‘”‡ ‹–—‹–‹˜‡Ǥ ‡…‡–Ž›ǡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ†˜‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘Ǧ…ƒŽŽ‡†
Dz™‡„ ʹǤͲdzǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– •‡”˜‹…‡• –Šƒ– ‘ˆˆ‡” ƒ ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†
•‡–‘ˆ…Š‘‹…‡•ȋ™‡„•’ƒ…‡–‘Š‘•––Š‡ˆ‹Ž‡ǡ‘”‡ƒ†˜ƒ…‡†–ƒ‰‰‹‰
ƒ† Ž‹…‡•‹‰ ’”‘…‡••‡•ǡ ‡–…ȌǤ ‡ …ƒ‘–ǡ ‘ˆ …‘—”•‡ǡ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ
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…‘’Ž‡–‡ ‘˜‡”˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ •‡”˜‹…‡• ™‹–Š –Š‡‹”

…—””‡–‘†‡‘ˆ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ‡–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡Ž‹‹–‘—”†‹•…—••‹‘–‘
•‘‡„ƒ•‹…’”‹…‹’Ž‡•–‘…Žƒ”‹ˆ›ƒ†ƒƒŽ›œ‡–Š‡‘•–…‘‘
•‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ”‡ˆ‡””‹‰–‘‘–Š‡”•‘—”…‡•ˆ‘”ˆ—”–Š‡”†‹•…—••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
†‹•–‹…–‹˜‡ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•Ǥ
Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ …Š‘‘•‹‰ ’”‘…‡•• ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ †‹•…—••‡† ƒ„‘˜‡ ‹•
‹–‡†‡†–‘’”‘˜‹†‡ƒ•‡–‘ˆ‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒǡ‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡™‡
…Š‘‘•‡Ǥ›‹•‡”–‹‰–Š‡•‡…‘†‡Ž‹‡•‹–Š‡•–”—…–—”‡‘ˆ
‘—” ™‡„•‹–‡ǡ ™‡ ™‹ŽŽ •‡‡ –Š‡ —•—ƒŽ …‘’›”‹‰Š– ‘–‹…‡ ƒ† –Š‡
„—––‘ ™‹–Š ƒ Ž‹ –‘ –Š‡ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ǯ• ‘‘• ‡‡† ƒ– –Š‡
„‘––‘‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ‰‡Ǥ
Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹ˆ™‡ƒ••—‡™‡™‘—Ž†”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ƒ‘˜‹‡Ž‹…‡•‡†
™‹–Š ǡ ƒ† ™‡ ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› Šƒ˜‡ ‘—” ™‡„•‹–‡ǡ ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ –‘ †‘ –Š‡
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ǣ…”‡ƒ–‡ƒ•’‡…‹ƒŽ™‡„’ƒ‰‡ǡ‹•‡”––Š‡˜‹†‡‘ˆ‹Ž‡ǡ†‹•’Žƒ›
–Š‡’ƒ‰‡‹Dz…‘†‡‘†‡dzǡ…‘’›ȋ„›–Š‡…Žƒ••‹…Dz…–”ŽǦ…dz…‘ƒ†Ȍ
–Š‡ Ž‹‡• ‘ˆ ‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒ ’”‘˜‹†‡† ƒ– –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ …Š‘‘•‹‰
’”‘…‡••ǡ’ƒ•–‡ȋ„›–Š‡…Žƒ••‹…Dz…–”ŽǦ˜dz…‘ƒ†Ȍ‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒƒ––Š‡
‡† ‘ˆ ›‘—”  ’ƒ‰‡ǡ „‡ˆ‘”‡ DzδȀ „‘†›ε δȀ Š–ŽεdzǤ Š‹•
’”‘…‡•• ‹• „ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ •›•–‡ ‘™ ‹ –‡…Š‹…ƒŽ –‡”• ƒ•
‡•‘—”…‡ ‡•…”‹’–‹‘ ”ƒ‡™‘” ȋ Ȍ ͳͺ ƒ† ‹– —‹ˆ‘”Ž›
™‘”•ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ‹†•‘ˆˆ‹Ž‡•„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–†‘‡•‘–†‹”‡…–Ž›‘’‡”ƒ–‡
‘–Š‡…‘†‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹Ž‡ǡ„—–‘–Š‡™‡„’ƒ‰‡–Šƒ–Š‘•–•–Š‡ˆ‹Ž‡Ǥ


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 ͳͻ
– ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ”‡…‘‡†‡† –Šƒ–›‘— †‹•’Žƒ› –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ ™‹–Š‹
–Š‡™‘”‹–•‡Žˆǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›‹ˆ›‘—”…‘–‡–™‹ŽŽ„‡•Šƒ”‡†‘Ž‹‡

ͳͺ ǼŠ‡‡•‘—”…‡‡•…”‹’–‹‘ ”ƒ‡™‘”ȋ Ȍ‹•ƒˆƒ‹Ž›‘ˆ‘”Ž† ‹†‡

‡„ ‘•‘”–‹— ȋ͵Ȍ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘• ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ› †‡•‹‰‡† ƒ• ƒ ‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒ
†ƒ–ƒ ‘†‡ŽǤ – Šƒ• …‘‡ –‘ „‡ —•‡† ƒ• ƒ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ‡–Š‘† ˆ‘” …‘…‡’–—ƒŽ
†‡•…”‹’–‹‘ ‘” ‘†‡Ž‹‰ ‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– ‹• ‹’Ž‡‡–‡† ‹ ™‡„
”‡•‘—”…‡•ǡ—•‹‰ƒ˜ƒ”‹‡–›‘ˆ•›–ƒšˆ‘”ƒ–•ǤǽŠ‹•†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‹•–ƒ‡ˆ”‘
Š––’ǣȀȀ‡Ǥ™‹‹’‡†‹ƒǤ‘”‰Ȁ™‹‹Ȁ‡•‘—”…‡̴‡•…”‹’–‹‘̴ ”ƒ‡™‘”Ǥ
ͳͻ Š‹• •‡…–‹‘ ‹• ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ› –ƒ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ †‘…—‡– ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‹ƒ‰‡•Ȁ͸Ȁ͸ͳȀ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǧ
Ž‹…‡•‹‰Ǧƒ†Ǧƒ”‹‰Ǧ›‘—”Ǧ…‘–‡–̴‡‰Ǥ’†ˆǤ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 55

‘” †‹•’Žƒ›‡† ‹ ƒ ’Š›•‹…ƒŽ ‡†‹—Ǥ ‹ˆˆ‡”‡– –›’‡• ‘ˆ …‘–‡–

™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ„—–›‘—”ƒ”‡”•Š‘—Ž†…‘–ƒ‹ǣ

1. The full URL (link) to the license.
Example: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/
2. Optionally, the Creative Commons license icons,
including the CC logo.

 ‹…‘• ƒ› „‡ †‘™Ž‘ƒ†‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‡•• ‹– ’ƒ‰‡ ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁƒ„‘—–Ȁ†‘™Ž‘ƒ†•Ǥ ƒ”‡”• ƒ†
˜‹†‡‘ „—’‡”• ƒ”‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ‘ –Š‡  ™‹‹ǡ „—– ›‘— …ƒ ƒŽ•‘
ƒ‡›‘—”‘™Ǥ
‘—ƒ›ƒŽ•‘™ƒ––‘‹…Ž—†‡ƒ…‘’›”‹‰Š–‘–‹…‡•–ƒ–‹‰–Š‡
ƒ—–Š‘”ȋ•Ȍ ƒ† †ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ …”‡ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ’Š”ƒ•‡ Dz•‘‡ ”‹‰Š–•
”‡•‡”˜‡†dz ƒ› „‡ —•‡† –‘ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ †‡ˆƒ—Ž– DzƒŽŽ
”‹‰Š–•”‡•‡”˜‡†dz…‘’›”‹‰Š–‘–‹…‡Ǥ
‹…‡ ‡ƒ…Š  Ž‹…‡•‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–• ƒ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– •‡– ‘ˆ
’‡”‹••‹‘•ƒ†”‡•–”‹…–‹‘•ǡ‹–‹•‹’‘”–ƒ––‘‘–‡–Š‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…
Ž‹…‡•‡—•‡†Ǥ
‹•’Žƒ›‹‰ ‘Ž› –Š‡ … ‹…‘ǡ Dz”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•dzǡ ‘” Dz•‘‡
”‹‰Š–•”‡•‡”˜‡†dz‹•‹•—ˆˆ‹…‹‡–ǡƒŽ™ƒ›•‹…Ž—†‡–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽǤ
 ‘”†‡” ˆ‘” ‘–Š‡”• –‘ …”‡†‹– ›‘— ˆ‘” ›‘—” ™‘”ǡ ‹– ‹•
’”‡ˆ‡”ƒ„Ž‡–‘’”‘˜‹†‡ƒƒ––”‹„—–‹‘ƒ‡ƒ†Ǥˆ›‘—”™‘”
‹• ƒ †‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘” ”‡‹šǡ ›‘— —•– ƒŽ•‘ ’”‘’‡”Ž› ƒ––”‹„—–‡ –Š‡
‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ…”‡ƒ–‘”ȋ•ȌǤ
Ž‡••–Š‡…”‡ƒ–‘”ȋ•ȌŠƒ••’‡…‹ˆ‹‡†‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ǡ†‹•’Žƒ›‹‰Š‹•
ƒ‡ȋ•Ȍƒ†ƒȋ‹ˆƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ„Ž‡Ȍ‹•ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡ƒ––”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ

Ǥ
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TextǦbased documents •Š‘—Ž† …‘–ƒ‹ ƒ  ƒ”‡” –– ƒ
‰”ƒ’Š‹…‘”Ž‹‡‘ˆ–‡š–•–ƒ–‹‰–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡––™Š‡”‡˜‡”ƒ…‘’›”‹‰Š–
‘–‹…‡ ™‘—Ž† ‰‘ǡ •—…Š ƒ• ‹ ƒ ˆ‘‘–‡” ‘” ‘ ƒ …‘˜‡” ’ƒ‰‡Ǥ ‘”
†‘…—‡–• …‘–ƒ‹‹‰ ‹ƒ‰‡•ǡ ƒ”‡”• •Š‘—Ž† ‹†‡ƒŽŽ› ‹…Ž—†‡

ʹͲ Š‹• •‡…–‹‘ ‹• ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ› –ƒ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ †‘…—‡– ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‹ƒ‰‡•Ȁ͸Ȁ͸ͳȀ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǧ
Ž‹…‡•‹‰Ǧƒ†Ǧƒ”‹‰Ǧ›‘—”Ǧ…‘–‡–̴‡‰Ǥ’†ˆǤ
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–Š‡  ‹…‘• ƒ† –Š‡ ˆ—ŽŽ  –‘ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ ‘” ’Žƒ‹ –‡š–
†‘…—‡–•ǡ–Š‡‹…‘•ƒ›„‡”‡’Žƒ…‡†™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡
Ž‹…‡•‡ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•––”‹„—–‹‘Ǧ‘…‘‡”…‹ƒŽȌ‘”
–Š‡ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘ȋ‡Ǥ‰ǤǦȌǤ„‘–Š…ƒ•‡•–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ–‘
–Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ‹…Ž—†‡†Ǥ  …‘’›”‹‰Š– ‘–‹…‡ •–ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡
ƒ—–Š‘”ȋ•Ȍǡ†ƒ–‡ǡƒ†…‘’›”‹‰Š–•Š‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘„‡‹…Ž—†‡†Ǥ ʹͳ
‘” imagesǡ ƒ  ƒ”‡” –– ƒ ‰”ƒ’Š‹… ‘” Ž‹‡ ‘ˆ –‡š– •–ƒ–‹‰
–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡––•Š‘—Ž†„‡†‹•’Žƒ›‡†‘‘”‡ƒ”–Š‡‹ƒ‰‡Ǥ
ƒ”‡”••Š‘—Ž†‹†‡ƒŽŽ›‹…Ž—†‡–Š‡‹…‘•ƒ†–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ
–‘ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ ‘” ’Žƒ‹ –‡š– …ƒ’–‹‘•ǡ –Š‡  ‹…‘• ƒ› „‡
”‡’Žƒ…‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•
––”‹„—–‹‘Ȍ‘”–Š‡ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘ȋ‡Ǥ‰ǤȌǤ„‘–Š…ƒ•‡•–Š‡
ˆ—ŽŽ  –‘ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ‹…Ž—†‡†Ǥ  …‘’›”‹‰Š– ‘–‹…‡
•–ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”ȋ•Ȍǡ †ƒ–‡ǡ ƒ† …‘’›”‹‰Š– •Š‘—Ž† ƒŽ•‘ „‡
‹…Ž—†‡†Ǥ ʹʹ
Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ƒ˜ƒ”‹‡–›‘ˆ™ƒ›•–‘ƒ”audioǤ‡‘’–‹‘‹•ƒ
ƒ—†‹‘ „—’‡” Ȃ ƒ „”‹‡ˆ •‘—† …Ž‹’ ƒ– –Š‡ „‡‰‹‹‰ ‘” ‡† ‘ˆ
›‘—”ƒ—†‹‘™‘”–Šƒ–•–ƒ–‡•–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”ȋ•Ȍƒ†Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥˆ›‘—
”‡…‘”†›‘—”‘™ƒ—†‹‘„—’‡”ǡ„‡•—”‡–‘‹…Ž—†‡–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ
–‘ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ ƒ†Ȁ‘” –Š‡ ˆ—ŽŽ ƒ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ ȋ‹…Ž—†‹‰
˜‡”•‹‘—„‡”ȌǤ…‘’›”‹‰Š–‘–‹…‡•–ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”ȋ•Ȍǡ†ƒ–‡ǡ
ƒ†…‘’›”‹‰Š–•Š‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘„‡‹…Ž—†‡†Ǥ ʹ͵

Example Script:
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under
[license].
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ʹͳ ƒ’Ž‡ ƒ”‡”• ƒ› „‡ †‘™Ž‘ƒ†‡† ƒ–

Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ̴ƒ”‡”•Ǥ
ʹʹ ƒ’Ž‡ ƒ”‡”• ƒ› „‡ †‘™Ž‘ƒ†‡† ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ̴ƒ”‡”•Ǥ
ʹ͵ ƒ’Ž‡ „—’‡”• ƒ› „‡ †‘™Ž‘ƒ†‡† ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ•‡”̴•—„‹––‡†̴„—’‡”•Ǥ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 57

‘–Š‡”™ƒ›–‘ƒ”ƒ—†‹‘‹•™‹–Šƒƒ”‡”Ȃƒ‰”ƒ’Š‹…
‘” Ž‹‡ ‘ˆ –‡š– •–ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ Ȃ ‡š– –‘ –Š‡ ˆ‹Ž‡ ȋ‘ ƒ
™‡„’ƒ‰‡Ȍ‘” ‹ –Š‡ Ž‹‡” ‘–‡•ȋˆ‘” ’Š›•‹…ƒŽ ‡†‹ƒȌǤ ‘” ‘”‡
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–ƒ”‡”•ǡ•‡‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ‰‡ƒ„‘˜‡Ǥ
Video •Š‘—Ž† …‘–ƒ‹ ƒ ˜‹†‡‘ „—’‡” –– ƒ ‘–‹…‡ ƒ– –Š‡
„‡‰‹‹‰‘”‡†‘ˆ›‘—”˜‹†‡‘–Šƒ–•–ƒ–‡•–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”ȋ•Ȍƒ†
Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥˆ›‘—ƒ‡›‘—”‘™˜‹†‡‘„—’‡”ǡ„‡•—”‡–‘‹…Ž—†‡
–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡‹…‘•ȋ‹…Ž—†‹‰–Š‡Ž‘‰‘Ȍƒ†–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ–‘
–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡ǤŠ‡‹…‘•ƒ›„‡”‡’Žƒ…‡†™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡
Ž‹…‡•‡ ‘” –Š‡ ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ  …‘’›”‹‰Š– ‘–‹…‡ •–ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡
ƒ—–Š‘”ȋ•Ȍǡ†ƒ–‡ǡƒ†…‘’›”‹‰Š–•Š‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘„‡‹…Ž—†‡†Ǥ ʹͶ
‘–Š‡”™ƒ›–‘ƒ”˜‹†‡‘‹•™‹–Šƒƒ”‡”Ȃƒ‰”ƒ’Š‹…
‘” Ž‹‡ ‘ˆ –‡š– •–ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ Ȃ ‡š– –‘ –Š‡ ˆ‹Ž‡ ȋ‘ ƒ
™‡„’ƒ‰‡Ȍ‘” ‹ –Š‡ Ž‹‡” ‘–‡•ȋˆ‘” ’Š›•‹…ƒŽ ‡†‹ƒȌǤ ‘” ‘”‡
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–ƒ”‡”•ǡ•‡‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ‰‡ƒ„‘˜‡Ǥ

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 ʹͷ
‘…‹ƒŽ ‡–™‘”‹‰ •‹–‡• Ž‹‡ ‘——„‡ǡ Ž‹…” ƒ† ›’ƒ…‡
ƒ”‡ ƒ ’‘’—Žƒ” ‘’–‹‘ ˆ‘” ’—„Ž‹•Š‹‰ ƒ† †‹•–”‹„—–‹‰ …‘–‡–Ǥ
‘‡ •‹–‡• Ž‹‡ Ž‹…” ȋ’Š‘–‘ •Šƒ”‹‰Ȍǡ ……‹š–‡” ȋ…‘—‹–›
—•‹…ƒ†”‡‹šȌǡƒ†…”‹„†ȋ†‘…—‡–•Šƒ”‹‰ȌƒŽŽ‘™›‘—–‘
•‡Ž‡…–ƒŽ‹…‡•‡ˆ‘”›‘—”™‘”ˆ”‘™‹–Š‹–Š‡™‡„•‹–‡‹–•‡ŽˆǤ ‘”
•‹–‡• Žƒ…‹‰ –Š‹• ˆ—…–‹‘ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ™‡ ”‡…‘‡† …—––‹‰ ƒ†
’ƒ•–‹‰ –Š‡  …‘†‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡† „› ‘—” Ž‹…‡•‡ …Š‘‘•‡”
ȋŠ––’ǣȀȀ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰ȀŽ‹…‡•‡ȀȌ ‹–‘ –Š‡ †‡•…”‹’–‹‘
ˆ‹‡Ž†•‘–Šƒ–—•‡”•‘™–Šƒ–›‘—”™‘”‹•Ž‹…‡•‡†Ǥ
‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒŽ™ƒ›• –Š‡ ’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–› –‘ —•‡ ˆ‹Ž‡Ǧ•Šƒ”‹‰
’”‘‰”ƒ••—…Šƒ•—Ž‡ǡ‘”’Š‡—•ǡ‡ƒ”Šƒ”‡ǡ™‹–Š™Š‹…Š™‡
•Šƒ”‡ ‘–Š‡” –›’‡• ‘ˆ ˆ‹Ž‡•Ǥ Š—•ǡ ™‡ …ƒ•’”‡ƒ† ‘—” ™‘”•ƒŽ•‘
’—––‹‰–Š‡•‡ˆ‹Ž‡•‹–Š‡•Šƒ”‹‰ˆ‘Ž†‡”‘ˆ‘—”•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ǣ–Š‹•™ƒ›

ʹͶ ƒ’Ž‡ „—’‡”• ƒ› „‡ †‘™Ž‘ƒ†‡† ƒ–

Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ•‡”̴•—„‹––‡†̴„—’‡”•Ǥ
ʹͷ Š‹• •‡…–‹‘ ‹• ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ› –ƒ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ †‘…—‡– ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‹ƒ‰‡•Ȁ͸Ȁ͸ͳȀ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǧ
Ž‹…‡•‹‰Ǧƒ†Ǧƒ”‹‰Ǧ›‘—”Ǧ…‘–‡–̴‡‰Ǥ’†ˆǤ
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–Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ ƒ”‡ …‘‡…–‡† –‘ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ’‡‡”Ǧ–‘Ǧ’‡‡” ‡–™‘”

™‹ŽŽ •‡‡ ‘—” ˆ‹Ž‡•Ǥ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒŽ•‘ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ •‡ƒ”…Š ‘’–‹‘ –‘
•‡ƒ”…Š ˆ‹Ž‡• …‘–ƒ‹‹‰   ‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒǤ ʹ͸ ˆ ™‡ ™ƒ– –‘ ƒ‡ ‹–
‡˜‡ ‘”‡ ˜‹•‹„Ž‡ –‘ —•‡”• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ™‘” ‹• Ž‹…‡•‡† —†‡”
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•ǡ™‡…ƒƒŽ•‘™”‹–‡‹–‹–Š‡ƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹Ž‡ǡ
’‘••‹„Ž›—•‹‰–Š‡‘•–…‘‘ƒ„„”‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘•ȋ‡‰Dz„›Ǧ…Ǧ
•ƒdz –‘ ”‡’‘”– ƒ ™‘” Ž‹…‡•‡† —†‡” ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•
––”‹„—–‹‘Ȃ‘‘‡”…‹ƒŽȂShare AlikeȌǤ

Ǥ 

ˆ ™‡ …Ž‹… Dzˆ‹†dz ‘ –Š‡ Š‘‡’ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ
™™™Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰ǡ ™‡ ƒ”‡ ‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž› ”‡†‹”‡…–‡† –‘
–Š‡ ™‡„Ǧ’ƒ‰‡ Š––’ǣȀȀ•‡ƒ”…ŠǤ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ǥ ‡”‡ ‹• ƒ
’ƒ‰‡ …”‡ƒ–‡† „› ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• –‘ ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ •‡ƒ”…Š‹‰ ˆ‘”
™‘”•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†—†‡”Ǥ–Š‡•‡ƒ”…Šˆ‹‡Ž†›‘—…ƒ‡–‡”‘‡
‘”‘”‡‡›™‘”†•ƒ†‡˜‡•’‡…‹ˆ›™Šƒ–›‘—™ƒ––‘†‘™‹–Š
–Š‡ ™‘”ǡ ‘Ž› „› …Š‡…‹‰ –Š‡ –™‘ ‘’–‹‘• ‘ –Š‡ ”‹‰Š–ǣ ͳȌ Dz
™ƒ–•‘‡–Š‹‰–Šƒ–…ƒ—•‡ˆ‘”…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ’—”’‘•‡•dzǢʹȌDz
™ƒ–•‘‡–Š‹‰–Šƒ–…ƒ‘†‹ˆ›ǡƒ†ƒ’–ǡ‘”„—‹Ž†—’‘dzǤ
 •‡ƒ”…Š ‹‹–‹ƒ–‡† ˜‹ƒ –Š‹• ’ƒ‰‡ ™‹ŽŽ —•‡
‘‘‰Ž‡ ‘” ‘–Š‡”
•‡ƒ”…Š ‡‰‹‡• –Šƒ– …ƒ …‘†—…– ƒ •’‡…‹ˆ‹… •‡ƒ”…Š ‘ …‘–‡–•
™‹–Š”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡•Ǥ


ʹ͸ ‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒ‹•ƒ…Š‹‡Ǧ”‡ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‡„‡††‡†™‹–Š‹ƒ†‹‰‹–ƒŽˆ‹Ž‡Ǥ
”‘’‡”Ž›ˆ‘”ƒ––‡†‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒ…ƒ…‘—‹…ƒ–‡Ž‹…‡•‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘–‘
›‘—”…‘’—–‡”ǡ͵’Žƒ›‡”ǡ‡„‘‘”‡ƒ†‡”ǡ‡–…Ǥ‘‡ˆ‘”ƒ–•ȋ•—…Šƒ•͵
ƒ†
Ȍ•—’’‘”–Ž‹…‡•‡‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒ„‡––‡”–Šƒ‘–Š‡”•Ǥ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•
•—’’‘”–• –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ  ˆ‘” ‡„‡††‹‰ ƒ† ”‡–”‹‡˜‹‰ •–ƒ†ƒ”†‹œ‡†ǡ
‡†‹ƒ •’‡…‹ˆ‹… ‡–ƒ†ƒ–ƒǤ ‘”‡ –‡…Š‹…ƒŽ †‡–ƒ‹Ž• ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰ȀǤ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 59


‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ™‡ …ƒ Ž‘‘ ˆ‘” ƒ ‘”‡ ‹‡†‹ƒ–‡ ™ƒ› –Š”‘—‰Š
•‘‡ ˜‡”•‹‘• ‘ˆ ‘œ‹ŽŽƒ ‹”‡ˆ‘šǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹…‘”’‘”ƒ–‡ ƒ •ƒŽŽ
•‡ƒ”…Šˆ‹‡Ž†‹–Š‡–‘’”‹‰Š–ǡ‡š––‘–Š‡™‡„ƒ††”‡••ǤŽ‹…‹‰‘
–Š‡†”‘’†‘™ȋ™Š‹…Šƒ•–Š‡†‡ˆƒ—Ž–‘’–‹‘—•—ƒŽŽ›‰‹˜‡•–Š‡Dz
dz
‹
‘‘‰Ž‡Ȍ –Š‡”‡ ‹• –Š‡ •›„‘Ž ™‹–Š –Š‡ †‘—„Ž‡  ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘•Ǥ






 







APPENDIXI
THECOMMONSDEEDS
OFTHELICENSES
(release3.0,unportedversion)
62 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

taken from
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 63

taken from
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0
64 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

taken from
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0
Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 65

taken from
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0
66 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

taken from
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 67

taken from
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0

 APPENDIXII
THEPAGEABOUTCREATIVECOMMONS
ONWIKIPEDIA 27

ʹ͹  Š‹• ƒ’’‡†‹š ‹• ƒ ‘†‹ˆ‹‡† ˜‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡š– ™‡ ˆ‘—† ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ‡Ǥ™‹‹’‡†‹ƒǤ‘”‰Ȁ™‹‹Ȁ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡̴‘‘•‘—‰—•–ͳ͵ǡʹͲͳͲǤ
70 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ȋȌ ‹• ƒ ‘Ǧ’”‘ˆ‹– ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘

Š‡ƒ†“—ƒ”–‡”‡† ‹ ‘—–ƒ‹ ‹‡™ǡ ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǡ ‹–‡† –ƒ–‡•
†‡˜‘–‡†–‘ ‡š’ƒ†‹‰ –Š‡ ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ …”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‘”• ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ˆ‘”
‘–Š‡”•–‘„—‹Ž†—’‘Ž‡‰ƒŽŽ›ƒ†–‘•Šƒ”‡ǤŠ‡‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘Šƒ•
”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡† •‡˜‡”ƒŽ …‘’›”‹‰Š–ǦŽ‹…‡•‡• ‘™ ƒ• ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡• ˆ”‡‡ ‘ˆ …Šƒ”‰‡ –‘ –Š‡’—„Ž‹…Ǥ Š‡•‡ Ž‹…‡•‡•
ƒŽŽ‘™ …”‡ƒ–‘”• –‘ …‘—‹…ƒ–‡ ™Š‹…Š ”‹‰Š–• –Š‡› ”‡•‡”˜‡ǡ ƒ†
™Š‹…Š ”‹‰Š–• –Š‡› ™ƒ‹˜‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ „‡‡ˆ‹– ‘ˆ ”‡…‹’‹‡–• ‘” ‘–Š‡”
…”‡ƒ–‘”•Ǥ‡ƒ•›–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†‘‡Ǧ’ƒ‰‡‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”‹‰Š–•ǡ
™‹–Š ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡† ˜‹•—ƒŽ •›„‘Ž•ǡ ‡š’Žƒ‹• –Š‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ…Š
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ Š‹• •‹’Ž‹…‹–› †‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡•
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ˆ”‘ ƒ ƒŽŽ ”‹‰Š–• ”‡•‡”˜‡† …‘’›”‹‰Š–Ǥ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ™ƒ• ‹˜‡–‡† –‘ …”‡ƒ–‡ ƒ ‘”‡ ˆŽ‡š‹„Ž‡
…‘’›”‹‰Š– ‘†‡Žǡ ”‡’Žƒ…‹‰ DzƒŽŽ ”‹‰Š–• ”‡•‡”˜‡†dz ™‹–Š Dz•‘‡
”‹‰Š–• ”‡•‡”˜‡†dzǤ ‹‹’‡†‹ƒ ‹• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘–ƒ„Ž‡ ™‡„Ǧ„ƒ•‡†
’”‘Œ‡…–•—•‹‰‘‡‘ˆ‹–•Ž‹…‡•‡•Ǥ
Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘™ƒ•ˆ‘—†‡†‹ʹͲͲͳ„›ƒ””›‡••‹‰ǡƒŽ
„‡Ž•‘ ƒ† ”‹… Ž†”‡† ™‹–Š •—’’‘”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡–‡” ˆ‘” –Š‡
—„Ž‹…‘ƒ‹ǤŠ‡ˆ‹”•–•‡–‘ˆ…‘’›”‹‰Š–Ž‹…‡•‡•™‡”‡”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†
‹ ‡…‡„‡” ʹͲͲʹǤ  ʹͲͲͺǡ –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ƒ ‡•–‹ƒ–‡† ͳ͵Ͳ
‹ŽŽ‹‘ ™‘”• Ž‹…‡•‡† —†‡” ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•Ǥ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘• ‹• ‰‘˜‡”‡† „› ƒ „‘ƒ”† ‘ˆ †‹”‡…–‘”• ƒ† ƒ –‡…Š‹…ƒŽ
ƒ†˜‹•‘”› „‘ƒ”†Ǥ •–Š‡” ‘Œ…‹…‹ǡ Œ‘—”ƒŽ‹• –‡ƒ…Š‡” ˆ”‘ ƒŽ‘
Ž–‘ǡǡ‹•…—””‡–Ž›–Š‡…Šƒ‹”‘ˆ–Š‡„‘ƒ”†Ǥ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•
Šƒ• „‡‡ ‡„”ƒ…‡† „› ƒ› ƒ• ƒ ™ƒ› ˆ‘” …‘–‡– …”‡ƒ–‘”• –‘
–ƒ‡ …‘–”‘Ž ‘ˆ Š‘™ –Š‡› …Š‘‘•‡ –‘ •Šƒ”‡ –Š‡‹” ‹–‡ŽŽ‡…–—ƒŽ
’”‘’‡”–›Ǥ Š‡”‡ Šƒ• ƒŽ•‘ „‡‡ …”‹–‹…‹• –Šƒ– ‹– †‘‡•ǯ– ‰‘ ˆƒ”
‡‘—‰ŠǤ

AIMANDINFLUENCE
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Šƒ• „‡‡ †‡•…”‹„‡† ƒ• „‡‹‰ ƒ– –Š‡
ˆ‘”‡ˆ”‘–‘ˆ–Š‡…‘’›Ž‡ˆ–‘˜‡‡–ǡ™Š‹…Š•‡‡•–‘•—’’‘”––Š‡
„—‹Ž†‹‰‘ˆƒ”‹…Š‡”’—„Ž‹…†‘ƒ‹„›’”‘˜‹†‹‰ƒƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡–‘
–Š‡ ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹… DzƒŽŽ ”‹‰Š–• ”‡•‡”˜‡†dz …‘’›”‹‰Š–ǡ †—„„‡† Dz•‘‡
”‹‰Š–• ”‡•‡”˜‡†Ǥdz ƒ˜‹† ‡””› ƒ†
‹Ž‡• ‘•• Šƒ˜‡ …”‡†‹–‡†
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ™‹–Š ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‰ ‹–‡”‡•– ‹ –Š‡ ‹••—‡ ‘ˆ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 71

‹–‡ŽŽ‡…–—ƒŽ’”‘’‡”–›ƒ†…‘–”‹„—–‹‰–‘–Š‡”‡Ǧ–Š‹‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡
”‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Dz…‘‘•dz ‹ –Š‡ Dz‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ‰‡dzǤ ‡›‘† –Šƒ–ǡ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Šƒ• ’”‘˜‹†‡† Dz‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽǡ ’”ƒ…–‹…ƒŽ ƒ†
Ž‡‰ƒŽ•—’’‘”–ˆ‘”‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ƒ†‰”‘—’•™‹•Š‹‰–‘‡š’‡”‹‡–
ƒ†…‘—‹…ƒ–‡™‹–Š…—Ž–—”‡‘”‡ˆ”‡‡Ž›Ǥdz
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•™‘”•–‘…‘—–‡”™Šƒ––Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘
…‘•‹†‡”• –‘ „‡ ƒ †‘‹ƒ– ƒ† ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž› ”‡•–”‹…–‹˜‡
’‡”‹••‹‘ …—Ž–—”‡Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ƒ™”‡…‡ ‡••‹‰ǡ ˆ‘—†‡” ‘ˆ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•ǡ ‹– ‹• Dzƒ …—Ž–—”‡ ‹ ™Š‹…Š …”‡ƒ–‘”• ‰‡– –‘
…”‡ƒ–‡‘Ž›™‹–Š–Š‡’‡”‹••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’‘™‡”ˆ—Žǡ‘”‘ˆ…”‡ƒ–‘”•
ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ’ƒ•–dzǤ ‡••‹‰ ƒ‹–ƒ‹• –Šƒ– ‘†‡” …—Ž–—”‡ ‹•
†‘‹ƒ–‡† „› –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ …‘–‡– †‹•–”‹„—–‘”• ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘
ƒ‹–ƒ‹ƒ†•–”‡‰–Š‡–Š‡‹”‘‘’‘Ž‹‡•‘…—Ž–—”ƒŽ’”‘†—…–•
•—…Š ƒ• ’‘’—Žƒ” —•‹… ƒ† ’‘’—Žƒ” …‹‡ƒǡ ƒ† –Šƒ– ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘•…ƒ’”‘˜‹†‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡•–‘–Š‡•‡”‡•–”‹…–‹‘•Ǥ

GOVERNANCE
Š‡ …—””‡–  ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ‹• ƒ–Š‡”‹‡
ƒ••‡”Ž›Ǥ‹‡‹•˜ƒ›‡”‹•‹…‡”‡•‹†‡–ƒ†‹ƒ‡‡–‡”•‹•
–Š‡
‡‡”ƒŽ‘—•‡ŽǤ


Š‡…—””‡–”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•‘ƒ”†‹…Ž—†‡ǣƒŽ„‡Ž•‘ǡ

Ž‡ –‹• ”‘™ǡ ‹…Šƒ‡Ž Ǥ ƒ””‘ŽŽǡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒ ƒ‡ǡ ƒ˜‹•

—‰‰‡Š‡‹ǡ ‘‹ –‘ǡ ƒ™”‡…‡ ‡••‹‰ǡ ƒ—”‹‡ ƒ…‹‡ǡ ”‹…

ƒŽ–œƒǡ ‘ŽŽ› Šƒˆˆ‡” ƒ ‘—™‡Ž‹‰ǡ ‹› ƒŽ‡•ǡ ƒ†
•–Š‡”‘Œ…‹…‹ȋŠƒ‹”ȌǤ



Š‡ ‡…Š‹…ƒŽ †˜‹•‘”› ‘ƒ”† ‹…Ž—†‡• ˆ‹˜‡ ‡„‡”•ǣ ƒŽ
„‡Ž•‘ǡ‡†‹†ƒǡƒ”„ƒ”ƒ ‘šǡ‘…
‘˜‡”ƒ†”‹…‹ŽŽ‡”Ǥ
ƒŽ„‡Ž•‘ƒŽ•‘•‡”˜‡•‘–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•‘ƒ”†Ǥ

AUDIT COMMITTEE
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ƒŽ•‘ Šƒ• ƒ —†‹– ‘‹––‡‡ǡ ™‹–Š –™‘
‡„‡”•ǣ ‘ŽŽ› Šƒˆˆ‡” ƒ ‘—™‡Ž‹‰ ƒ† ƒ™”‡…‡ ‡••‹‰Ǥ
‘–Š•‡”˜‡‘–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•‘ƒ”†Ǥ
72 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

TYPESOFCREATIVECOMMONSLICENSES
Š‡”‡ƒ”‡•‹šƒŒ‘”Ž‹…‡•‡•‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•ǣ
x ––”‹„—–‹‘ȋǦȌ
x ––”‹„—–‹‘ –– Šƒ”‡Ž‹‡ȋǦǦȌ
x ––”‹„—–‹‘ –– No DerivativesȋǦǦȌ
x ––”‹„—–‹‘ –– ‘‘‡”…‹ƒŽȋǦǦȌ
x ––”‹„—–‹‘ –– ‘‘‡”…‹ƒŽ –– Šƒ”‡Ž‹‡ȋǦǦ
ǦȌ
x ––”‹„—–‹‘ –– ‘‘‡”…‹ƒŽ –– No DerivativesȋǦ
ǦǦȌ
Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ˆ‘—” ƒŒ‘” …‘†‹–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•ǣ
––”‹„—–‹‘ ȋȌǡ ”‡“—‹”‹‰ ƒ––”‹„—–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ƒ—–Š‘”Ǣ
Šƒ”‡Ž‹‡ȋȌǡƒŽŽ‘™‹‰†‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡™‘”•—†‡”–Š‡•ƒ‡‘”ƒ
•‹‹Žƒ” Ž‹…‡•‡ ȋŽƒ–‡” ‘” Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘ ˜‡”•‹‘ȌǢ ‘Ǧ‘‡”…‹ƒŽ
ȋȌǡ”‡“—‹”‹‰–Š‡™‘”‹•‘–—•‡†ˆ‘”…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ’—”’‘•‡•Ǣ
ƒ† ‘ ‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡• ȋȌǡ ƒŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‘Ž› –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ™‘”ǡ
™‹–Š‘—–†‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡•Ǥ
• ‘ˆ –Š‡ …—””‡– ˜‡”•‹‘•ǡ ƒŽŽ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡•
ƒŽŽ‘™ –Š‡ Dz…‘”‡ ”‹‰Š–dz –‘ ”‡†‹•–”‹„—–‡ ƒ ™‘” ˆ‘” ‘Ǧ
…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ’—”’‘•‡• ™‹–Š‘—– ‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡  ƒ† 
‘’–‹‘•™‹ŽŽƒ‡ƒ™‘”‘Ǧˆ”‡‡Ǥ
††‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‘’–‹‘• ‹…Ž—†‡ –Š‡ Ͳ ‘’–‹‘ǡ ‘” Dz‘ ”‹‰Š–•
”‡•‡”˜‡†Ǥdz ‘” •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ǡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Šƒ• –Š”‡‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡
Ž‹…‡•‡•ǣ–Š‡‹…‡•‡ǡ–Š‡

Ž‹…‡•‡ǡƒ†–Š‡


Ǥ

JURISDICTIONPORTS
Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‘ǦŽ‘…ƒŽ‹œ‡†”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡•™‡”‡
™”‹––‡™‹–Š–Š‡ǤǤŽ‡‰ƒŽ•›•–‡‹‹†ǡ•‘–Š‡™‘”†‹‰…‘—Ž†
„‡ ‹…‘’ƒ–‹„Ž‡ ™‹–Š‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– Ž‘…ƒŽ Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ† ”‡†‡”
–Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡• —‡ˆ‘”…‡ƒ„Ž‡ ‹ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘•Ǥ ‘ ƒ††”‡••
–Š‹•‹••—‡ǡ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŠƒ••–ƒ”–‡†–‘’‘”–
–Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• Ž‹…‡•‡• –‘ ƒ……‘‘†ƒ–‡ Ž‘…ƒŽ …‘’›”‹‰Š– ƒ†
’”‹˜ƒ–‡ Žƒ™Ǥ • ‘ˆ ƒ› ʹͲͳͲǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ͷʹ Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘Ǧ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…
Ž‹…‡•‡•ǡ ™‹–Š ͻ ‘–Š‡” Œ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘• ‹ †”ƒˆ–‹‰ ’”‘…‡••ǡ ƒ†
‘”‡…‘—–”‹‡•Œ‘‹‹‰–Š‡™‘”Ž†™‹†‡’”‘Œ‡…–Ǥ
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 73

CRITICISM


±–‡” ‡Œƒ‹ זŠ ƒ••‡”–• –Šƒ– ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•ǯ
‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡• ƒ”‡ ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ™‡ŽŽ •‡”˜‡† „› –Š‡ …—””‡– …‘’›”‹‰Š–
”‡‰‹‡ǡ ƒ† –Šƒ– ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•ǯ Dz•‘‡ ”‹‰Š–• ”‡•‡”˜‡†dz
•Ž‘‰ƒǡ ƒ• ƒ‰ƒ‹•– ‘’›”‹‰Š–ǯ• DzƒŽŽ ”‹‰Š–• ”‡•‡”˜‡†dzǡ …”‡ƒ–‡• ƒ
ˆƒŽ•‡†‹…Š‘–‘›ǤDz‘’›”‹‰Š–’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒŽ‹•–‘ˆ‡š…Ž—•‹˜‡”‹‰Š–•–‘
–Š‡”‹‰Š–Š‘Ž†‡”ǡˆ”‘™Š‹…ŠŠ‡†‡…‹†‡•™Š‹…Š‘‡•Š‡™‹•Š‡•–‘
Dz•‡ŽŽdz‘”‰”ƒ–ƒ†™Š‹…Š–‘”‡–ƒ‹ǤŠ‡Dz•‘‡”‹‰Š–•”‡•‡”˜‡†dz
…‘…‡’– ‹• –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ‘– ƒ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ –‘ǡ „—– ”ƒ–Š‡” –Š‡ ˜‡”›
ƒ–—”‡ ‘ˆ …Žƒ••‹…ƒŽ …‘’›”‹‰Š–Ǥdz –Š‡” …”‹–‹…• ˆ‡ƒ” –Šƒ– ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘•…‘—Ž†‡”‘†‡–Š‡…‘’›”‹‰Š–•›•–‡‘˜‡”–‹‡Ǥ
‘‡ ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•ǯ …”‹–‹…• •—’’‘”– ”‡˜‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡
…‘’›”‹‰Š– ƒ…–ǡ „—– „‡Ž‹‡˜‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• –‘ „‡ ‡”‡Ž› ƒ
…‘–”ƒ…–—ƒŽ“—‹…ˆ‹š–Šƒ–†‹••—ƒ†‡•–Š‡’—„Ž‹…ˆ”‘‘„‹Ž‹œ‹‰
–‘™ƒ”†ƒ”‡ƒŽ”‡˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘’›”‹‰Š–…–ƒ†…‘’›”‹‰Š––‡”
Ž‡‰–Š•Ǥ –Š‡”•ǡ •—…Š ƒ• ‡ˆˆ”‡› ƒ””‹•‘ǡ „‡Ž‹‡˜‡ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘• •›•–‡ –‘ „‡ –‘‘ Žƒšǡ ƒ† …ƒ—–‹‘ ƒ‰ƒ‹•– DzƒŽŽ‘™‹‰
•‘‡ ‘ˆ ‘—” ‘•– ’”‡…‹‘—• ”‡•‘—”…‡• –– –Š‡ …”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–› ‘ˆ
‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• –– –‘ „‡ •‹’Ž› –‘••‡† ‹–‘ –Š‡ …‘‘• –‘ „‡
‡š’Ž‘‹–‡†„›™Š‘‡˜‡”Šƒ••’ƒ”‡–‹‡ƒ†ƒƒ‰‹…ƒ”‡”Ǥdz
–Š‡” …”‹–‹…• “—‡•–‹‘ ™Š‡–Š‡” ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡•
ƒ”‡–”—Ž›—•‡ˆ—Žˆ‘”ƒ”–‹•–•ǡ•—‰‰‡•–‹‰–Šƒ–”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•‹•
†‹”‡…–‡† ƒ‹Ž› –‘™ƒ”† ƒ Dz”‡‹š …—Ž–—”‡dz –Šƒ– ‘ˆ–‡ ˆƒ‹Ž• –‘
ƒ……‘—–ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡ƒŽ‡‡†•ǡ•—…Šƒ•ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ…‘’‡•ƒ–‹‘ƒ†
”‡…‘‰‹–‹‘ǡ ‘ˆ ˆ‹‡ ƒ”–‹•–•ǡ ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ› ‹ –Š‡ ˜‹•—ƒŽ ƒ”–• ™‘”Ž†Ǥ
‘‡ …”‹–‹…• ƒŽ•‘ ™‘””› –Šƒ– ƒ •›•–‡ –Šƒ– †‘‡• ‘– ƒŽŽ‘™
ƒ—–Š‘”•–‘‘„–ƒ‹ƒ”‡™ƒ”†ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”…”‡ƒ–‹‘•™‹ŽŽ…ƒ—•‡•‘‡
ƒ”–‹•–•–‘ƒ˜‘‹†•Šƒ”‹‰–Š‡‹”™‘”Ǥ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ˆ‘—†‡” ƒ™”‡…‡ ‡••‹‰ …‘—–‡”• –Šƒ–
…‘’›”‹‰Š– Žƒ™• Šƒ˜‡ ‘– ƒŽ™ƒ›• ‘ˆˆ‡”‡† –Š‡ •–”‘‰ ƒ†
•‡‡‹‰Ž› ‹†‡ˆ‹‹–‡ ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ –Šƒ– –‘†ƒ›ǯ• Žƒ™ ’”‘˜‹†‡•Ǥ
ƒ–Š‡”ǡ…‘’›”‹‰Š–ǯ•†—”ƒ–‹‘—•‡†–‘„‡Ž‹‹–‡†–‘—…Š•Š‘”–‡”
–‡”• ‘ˆ ›‡ƒ”•ǡ ƒ† •‘‡ ™‘”• ‡˜‡” ‰ƒ‹‡† ’”‘–‡…–‹‘
„‡…ƒ—•‡ –Š‡› †‹† ‘– ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™ –Š‡ ‘™Ǧƒ„ƒ†‘‡† …‘’—Ž•‘”›
ˆ‘”ƒ–Ǥ
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‘–Š‡” …”‹–‹… “—‡•–‹‘• ™Š‡–Š‡” ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• …ƒ

”‡ƒŽŽ›„‡–Š‡…‘‘•–Šƒ–‹–’—”’‘”–•–‘„‡ǡ‰‹˜‡–Šƒ–ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–
•‘‡”‡•–”‹…–‹‘•ƒ’’Ž›–‘’‡‘’Ž‡ǯ•ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘—•‡–Š‡”‡•‘—”…‡•
™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ …‘‘ ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ Š‡ ‹• ”‡•–”‹…–‡† ‡–‹”‡Ž› ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡
’”‹˜ƒ–‡”‹‰Š–•‘ˆ‘–Š‡”•ƒ†Šƒ•‘–Š‹‰–‘†‘™‹–Š”‹‰Š–••Šƒ”‡†
„› ƒŽŽǤ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ƒŽ•‘ †‘‡• ‘– †‡ˆ‹‡ Dz…”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–›dz ‘”
™Šƒ– ƒ•’‡…–• ƒ ™‘” ”‡“—‹”‡• ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ „‡…‘‡ ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡
…‘‘•Ǥ
”‹–‹…• •—…Š ƒ• ƒ˜‹† ‡””› ƒ†
‹Ž‡• ‘•• ƒŽ•‘ ƒ”‰—‡ –Šƒ–
–Š‡ ˆ‘—†‹‰ ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ‹• ‘– –Š‡ ’”‘’‡”
‡…Šƒ‹•ˆ‘”…”‡ƒ–‹‰ƒ…‘‘•‘ˆ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ…‘–‡–Ǥƒ–Š‡”ǡ
ƒ …‘‘• •Š‘—Ž† „‡ …”‡ƒ–‡†ǡ ƒ† ‹–• ’”‡•‡…‡ ’”‡•‡”˜‡†ǡ
–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽ’”‘…‡••ƒ†’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽƒ…–‹˜‹•ǡ‘––Š”‘—‰Š
Žƒ™›‡”•™”‹–‹‰†‘™‡™”—Ž‡•Ǥ

 

”‹–‹…• Šƒ˜‡ ƒŽ•‘ ƒ”‰—‡† –Šƒ– ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ™‘”•‡•
Ž‹…‡•‡ ’”‘Ž‹ˆ‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡ „› ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ —Ž–‹’Ž‡ Ž‹…‡•‡• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡
‹…‘’ƒ–‹„Ž‡Ǥ Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ™‡„•‹–‡ •–ƒ–‡•ǡ Dz‹…‡
‡ƒ…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‹š  Ž‹…‡•‡• ˆ—…–‹‘• †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž›ǡ ”‡•‘—”…‡•
’Žƒ…‡† —†‡” †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– Ž‹…‡•‡• ƒ› ‘– ‡…‡••ƒ”‹Ž› „‡
…‘„‹‡† ™‹–Š ‘‡ ƒ‘–Š‡” ™‹–Š‘—– ˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡
–‡”•Ǥdz‘”•Ž‹…‡•‡†—†‡”‹…‘’ƒ–‹„Ž‡Ž‹…‡•‡•ƒ›‘–„‡
”‡…‘„‹‡†‹ƒ†‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡™‘”™‹–Š‘—–‘„–ƒ‹‹‰’‡”‹••‹‘
ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ǦŠ‘Ž†‡”Ǥ ‘‡ ™‘””› –Šƒ– Dz™‹–Š‘—– ƒ …‘‘
Ž‡‰ƒŽ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ǡ ™‘”• ™Š‹…Š ‹ƒ†˜‡”–‡–Ž› ‹š Ž‹…‡•‡• ƒ›
„‡…‘‡—•Šƒ”‡ƒ„Ž‡Ǥdz


‘‡…‘’›”‹‰Š–Š‘Ž†‡”•Šƒ˜‡…‘’Žƒ‹‡†–Šƒ–‹–‡”‡–—•‡”•
‡””‘‡‘—•Ž› „”ƒ† –Š‡‹” …‘’›”‹‰Š–‡† ™‘”• ™‹–Š ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡•ǡ –Š‡ ”‡Ǧ—’Ž‘ƒ† –Š‡ ™‘”• –‘ –Š‡ ‹–‡”‡–Ǥ
”‹–‹…• ƒ••‡”– –Šƒ– –Š‹• •–‡• ˆ”‘ ”ƒ’ƒ– —•‡”Ǧ…‘ˆ—•‹‘
ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡•Ǥ – ’”‡•‡–ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‘ …Š‡…• ‹ ’Žƒ…‡ –‘
Š‘Ž†—•‡”•ƒ……‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”‹•Ž‹…‡•‹‰Ǥ
Ž–Š‘—‰Š ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ‘ˆˆ‡”• —Ž–‹’Ž‡ Ž‹…‡•‡• ˆ‘”
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–—•‡•ǡ•‘‡…”‹–‹…••—‰‰‡•––Šƒ––Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡••–‹ŽŽ†‘‘–
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 75

ƒ††”‡••–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡•ƒ‘‰–Š‡‡†‹ƒ‘”ƒ‘‰–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•
…‘…‡”• –Šƒ– †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ƒ—–Š‘”• Šƒ˜‡Ǥ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ‘‡ …”‹–‹…
’‘‹–• ‘—– –Šƒ– †‘…—‡–ƒ”› ˆ‹Žƒ‡”• …‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ ˜ƒ•–Ž›
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–…‘…‡”•ˆ”‘–Š‘•‡Š‡Ž†„›ƒ•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡†‡•‹‰‡”‘”ƒ
Žƒ™ ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”Ǥ ††‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™‹•Š‹‰ –‘ —•‡ ƒ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘•ǦŽ‹…‡•‡† ™‘” ™‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ –‘ †‡–‡”‹‡ ‹ˆ –Š‡‹”
’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ” —•‡ ‹• ƒŽŽ‘™‡† —†‡” –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ ‘” ‹ˆ –Š‡› ‡‡†
ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ’‡”‹••‹‘Ǥ
‡••‹‰ ™”‘–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’‘‹– ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ‹• –‘
’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ ‹††Ž‡ ‰”‘—† „‡–™‡‡ –™‘ ‡š–”‡‡ ˜‹‡™• ‘ˆ
…‘’›”‹‰Š– ’”‘–‡…–‹‘––‘‡ †‡ƒ†‹‰ –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ ”‹‰Š–• „‡
…‘–”‘ŽŽ‡†ǡƒ†–Š‡‘–Š‡”ƒ”‰—‹‰–Šƒ–‘‡•Š‘—Ž†„‡…‘–”‘ŽŽ‡†Ǥ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒ–Š‹”†‘’–‹‘–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ‘™•ƒ—–Š‘”•
–‘’‹…ƒ†…Š‘‘•‡™Š‹…Š”‹‰Š–•–Š‡›™ƒ––‘…‘–”‘Žƒ†™Š‹…Š
–Š‡› ™ƒ– –‘ ”‡Ž‹“—‹•ŠǤ Š‡ —Ž–‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ Ž‹…‡•‡• ”‡ˆŽ‡…–• –Š‡
—Ž–‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ ”‹‰Š–• –Šƒ– …ƒ „‡ ’ƒ••‡† ‘ –‘ •—„•‡“—‡–
…”‡ƒ–‘”•Ǥ

   

‘‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡•†‘‘–‡‡––Š‡•–ƒ†ƒ”†•
‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡‡ ‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‘–Š‡” ˆ”‡‡ …‘–‡–
‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•  Ž‹…‡•‡
Šƒ•„‡‡†‡‘—…‡†„›  ˆ‘—†‡”‹…Šƒ”†–ƒŽŽƒ„‡…ƒ—•‡ǡ
Š‡•ƒ›•ǡ‹–†‡‹‡•—•‡”•ƒDz„ƒ•‹…ˆ”‡‡†‘dz–‘”‡—•‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ƒ•
–Š‡›•‡‡ˆ‹–Ǥ
ƒ‘‹ŽŽƒ••‡”–•–Šƒ–”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•ˆƒ‹Ž•–‘‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Šƒ
Dz„ƒ•‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆˆ”‡‡†‘dz–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡•—•–
‡‡–ǡƒ†™‹–Š™Š‹…ŠƒŽŽŽ‹…‡•‘”•ƒ†—•‡”•—•–…‘’Ž›ǤDz›
ˆƒ‹Ž‹‰–‘–ƒ‡ƒ›ˆ‹”‡–Š‹…ƒŽ’‘•‹–‹‘ƒ††”ƒ™ƒ›Ž‹‡‹–Š‡
•ƒ†ǡ‹•ƒ‹••‡†‘’’‘”–—‹–›ǤǤǤǤŠƒ•”‡’Žƒ…‡†™Šƒ–…‘—Ž†
Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ƒ …ƒŽŽ ˆ‘” ƒ ™‘”Ž† ™Š‡”‡ Ǯ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ ”‹‰Š–• ƒ”‡
—”‡•‡”˜ƒ„Ž‡ǯ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› Š‘ŽŽ‘™ …ƒŽŽ ˆ‘” Ǯ•‘‡ ”‹‰Š–•
”‡•‡”˜‡†Ǥǯdz‘‡…”‹–‹…•ˆ‡ƒ”–Šƒ–”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•ǯ’‘’—Žƒ”‹–›
ƒ›†‡–”ƒ…–ˆ”‘–Š‡‘”‡•–”‹‰‡–‰‘ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘–Š‡”ˆ”‡‡…‘–‡–
‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘•Ǥ


76 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

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–Š‡”…”‹–‹…•ǡ•—…Šƒ•”‹‘‡ŽŽ‡”ǡ”ƒ‹•‡…‘…‡”•ƒ„‘—––Š‡
—•‡ ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•ǯ ‘Ǧ…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ ‘”•
†‹•–”‹„—–‡† —†‡” –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ‘Ǧ‘‡”…‹ƒŽ
Ž‹…‡•‡ ƒ”‡ ‘– …‘’ƒ–‹„Ž‡ ™‹–Š ƒ› ‘’‡Ǧ…‘–‡– •‹–‡•ǡ
‹…Ž—†‹‰ ‹‹’‡†‹ƒǡ ™Š‹…Š ‡š’Ž‹…‹–Ž› ƒŽŽ‘™ ƒ† ‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡
•‘‡ …‘‡”…‹ƒŽ —•‡•Ǥ ‘ŽŽ‡” ‡š’Žƒ‹• –Šƒ– Dz–Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™Š‘
ƒ”‡ Ž‹‡Ž› –‘ „‡ Š—”– „› ƒ Ǧ Ž‹…‡•‡ ƒ”‡ ‘– Žƒ”‰‡
…‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘•ǡ „—– •ƒŽŽ ’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘• Ž‹‡ ™‡„Ž‘‰•ǡ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰Ǧ
ˆ—†‡†”ƒ†‹‘•–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‘”Ž‘…ƒŽ‡™•’ƒ’‡”•Ǥdz
‡••‹‰ ”‡•’‘†• –Šƒ– –Š‡ …—””‡– …‘’›”‹‰Š– ”‡‰‹‡ ƒŽ•‘
Šƒ”• …‘’ƒ–‹„‹Ž‹–› ƒ† –Šƒ– ƒ—–Š‘”• …ƒ Ž‡••‡ –Š‹•
‹…‘’ƒ–‹„‹Ž‹–› „› …Š‘‘•‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ•– ”‡•–”‹…–‹˜‡ Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ
††‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡ ‘Ǧ…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ Ž‹…‡•‡ ‹• —•‡ˆ—Ž ˆ‘”
’”‡˜‡–‹‰•‘‡‘‡‡Ž•‡ˆ”‘…ƒ’‹–ƒŽ‹œ‹‰‘ƒƒ—–Š‘”ǯ•™‘”
™Š‡–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”•–‹ŽŽ’Žƒ•–‘†‘•‘‹–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡Ǥ


Š‡ ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡”• ‘ˆ ‡„‹ƒǡ ƒ
 ƒ† ‹—š †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘
‘™ ˆ‘” ‹–• ”‹‰‹† ƒ†Š‡”‡…‡ –‘ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ” †‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ
•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ˆ”‡‡†‘ǡ †‘ ‘– „‡Ž‹‡˜‡ –Šƒ– ‡˜‡ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡
‘‘• ––”‹„—–‹‘ ‹…‡•‡ǡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ•– ”‡•–”‹…–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
Ž‹…‡•‡•ǡ ƒ†Š‡”‡• –‘ –Š‡ ‡„‹ƒ ”‡‡ ‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡
—‹†‡Ž‹‡•
ȋ 
Ȍ †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ Ž‹…‡•‡ǯ• ƒ–‹Ǧ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘• ȋ™Š‹…Š …‘—Ž†
”‡•–”‹…– ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ ”‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ –‘ •‘‡ ‡š–‡–Ȍ ƒ† ‹–•
”‡“—‹”‡‡– ‹ •‡…–‹‘ Ͷƒ –Šƒ– †‘™•–”‡ƒ —•‡”• ”‡‘˜‡ ƒ
ƒ—–Š‘”ǯ•…”‡†‹–—’‘”‡“—‡•–ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”Ǥ
•–Š‡‘–Š‡”Ž‹…‡•‡•ƒ”‡‹†‡–‹…ƒŽ–‘–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•
––”‹„—–‹‘ ‹…‡•‡ ™‹–Š ˆ—”–Š‡” ”‡•–”‹…–‹‘•ǡ ‡„‹ƒ …‘•‹†‡”•
–Š‡‘Ǧˆ”‡‡ˆ‘”–Š‡•ƒ‡”‡ƒ•‘•ǤŠ‡”‡Šƒ˜‡„‡‡‡ˆˆ‘”–•–‘
”‡‘˜‡–Š‡•‡’”‘„Ž‡•‹–Š‡‡™˜‡”•‹‘͵ǤͲŽ‹…‡•‡•ǡ•‘–Š‡›
…ƒ „‡ …‘’ƒ–‹„Ž‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡  
Ǥ  …‘–”ƒ•– –‘ –Š‡ Ǧ ʹǤͲ
Ž‹…‡•‡ǡ˜‡”•‹‘͵ǤͲ‹•…‘•‹†‡”‡†–‘„‡…‘’ƒ–‹„Ž‡–‘–Š‡ 
Ǥ


 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 77

LEGALCASES


 ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡ ™ƒ• ˆ‹”•– –‡•–‡† ‹ …‘—”– ‹
‡ƒ”Ž› ʹͲͲ͸ǡ ™Š‡ ’‘†…ƒ•–‡” †ƒ —””› •—‡† ƒ —–…Š –ƒ„Ž‘‹†
™Š‘’—„Ž‹•Š‡†’Š‘–‘•™‹–Š‘—–’‡”‹••‹‘ˆ”‘Š‹• Ž‹…”’ƒ‰‡Ǥ
Š‡ ’Š‘–‘• ™‡”‡ Ž‹…‡•‡† —†‡” –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ‘Ǧ
‘‡”…‹ƒŽŽ‹…‡•‡ǤŠ‹Ž‡–Š‡˜‡”†‹…–™ƒ•‹ˆƒ˜‘”‘ˆ—””›ǡ–Š‡
–ƒ„Ž‘‹†ƒ˜‘‹†‡†Šƒ˜‹‰–‘’ƒ›”‡•–‹–—–‹‘–‘Š‹ƒ•Ž‘‰ƒ•–Š‡›
†‹† ‘– ”‡’‡ƒ– –Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‡•‡Ǥ  ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡…‹•‹‘ •–ƒ–‡•ǡ
DzŠ‡—–…Š‘—”–ǯ•†‡…‹•‹‘‹•‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›‘–‡™‘”–Š›„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–
…‘ˆ‹”• –Šƒ– –Š‡ …‘†‹–‹‘• ‘ˆ ƒ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• Ž‹…‡•‡
ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹…ƒŽŽ› ƒ’’Ž› –‘ –Š‡ …‘–‡– Ž‹…‡•‡† —†‡” ‹–ǡ ƒ† „‹†
—•‡”• ‘ˆ •—…Š …‘–‡– ‡˜‡ ™‹–Š‘—– ‡š’”‡••Ž› ƒ‰”‡‡‹‰ –‘ǡ ‘”
Šƒ˜‹‰‘™Ž‡†‰‡‘ˆǡ–Š‡…‘†‹–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥdz



 ʹͲͲ͹ǡ ‹”‰‹ ‘„‹Ž‡ Žƒ—…Š‡† ƒ „—• •–‘’ ƒ† …ƒ’ƒ‹‰
’”‘‘–‹‰ –Š‡‹” …‡ŽŽ’Š‘‡ –‡š– ‡••ƒ‰‹‰ •‡”˜‹…‡ —•‹‰ –Š‡
™‘” ‘ˆ ƒƒ–‡—” ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š‡”• ™Š‘ —’Ž‘ƒ†‡† –Š‡‹” ™‘” –‘
Ž‹…” —•‹‰ ƒ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘•Ǧ ȋ––”‹„—–‹‘Ȍ Ž‹…‡•‡Ǥ
•‡”•Ž‹…‡•‹‰–Š‡‹”‹ƒ‰‡•–Š‹•™ƒ›ˆ”‡‡†–Š‡‹”™‘”ˆ‘”—•‡
„› ƒ› ‘–Š‡” ‡–‹–›ǡ ƒ• Ž‘‰ ƒ• –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ …”‡ƒ–‘” ™ƒ•
ƒ––”‹„—–‡† …”‡†‹–ǡ ™‹–Š‘—– ƒ› ‘–Š‡” …‘’‡•ƒ–‹‘ ”‡“—‹”‡†Ǥ
‹”‰‹—’Š‡Ž†–Š‹••‹‰Ž‡”‡•–”‹…–‹‘„›’”‹–‹‰ƒŽ‡ƒ†‹‰–‘
–Š‡ ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š‡”ǯ• Ž‹…” ’ƒ‰‡ ‘ ‡ƒ…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ƒ†•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ
‘‡’‹…–—”‡ǡ†‡’‹…–‹‰ͳͷ›‡ƒ”Ǧ‘Ž†Ž‹•‘Šƒ‰ƒ–ƒˆ—†Ǧ”ƒ‹•‹‰
…ƒ”™ƒ•Š ˆ‘” Š‡” …Š—”…Šǡ …ƒ—•‡† •‘‡ …‘–”‘˜‡”•› ™Š‡ •Š‡
•—‡† ‹”‰‹ ‘„‹Ž‡Ǥ Š‡ ’Š‘–‘ ™ƒ• –ƒ‡ „› Ž‹•‘ǯ• …Š—”…Š
›‘—–Š…‘—•‡Ž‘”ǡ —•–‹‘Ǧ‡‡‘‰ǡ™Š‘—’Ž‘ƒ†‡†–Š‡‹ƒ‰‡
–‘ Ž‹…”—†‡”–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡ǤʹͲͲͺǡ–Š‡…ƒ•‡
™ƒ•–Š”‘™‘—–‘ˆ…‘—”–ˆ‘”Žƒ…‘ˆŒ—”‹•†‹…–‹‘Ǥ

ǦȂȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍ

Š‡ ‹••—‡ ‹ –Š‹• …ƒ•‡ ™ƒ• ‘– ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡  Ž‹…‡•‡ ™ƒ•
‡ˆ‘”…‡ƒ„Ž‡ǡ„—–‹•–‡ƒ†™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡ƒŒ‘”…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‰•‘…‹‡–›‹
’ƒ‹…‘—Ž†…‘ŽŽ‡…–”‘›ƒŽ–‹‡•ˆ”‘ƒ„ƒ”–Šƒ–’Žƒ›‡†ǦŽ‹…‡•‡†
78 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

—•‹…Ǥ  –Š‹• …ƒ•‡ǡ –Š‡ ƒ‹ ’ƒ‹•Š …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‰ •‘…‹‡–› ––

‘…‹‡†ƒ†
‡‡”ƒŽ †‡ —–‘”‡• › †‹–‘”‡• ȋDz
dzȌ •—‡† ƒ †‹•…‘
‘™‡” ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’—„Ž‹… ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ —•‹… ƒƒ‰‡† „› –Š‡
…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‰ •‘…‹‡–›Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ ‘™‡” ‘—”– ”‡Œ‡…–‡† –Š‡
…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‰•‘…‹‡–›ǯ•…Žƒ‹•„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡‘™‡”‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ”’”‘˜‡†
–Šƒ– –Š‡ —•‹… Š‡ ™ƒ• —•‹‰ ™ƒ• ‘– ƒƒ‰‡† „› –Š‡ •‘…‹‡–›ǡ
•‹…‡‹–™ƒ•—†‡”Ž‹…‡…‡Ǥ


 








APPENDIXIII
HOWTOPUBLISH 28

ʹͺ  Š‹• ƒ’’‡†‹š ‹• ƒ ‘†‹ˆ‹‡† ˜‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡š– ™‡ ˆ‘—† ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ‡Ǥ™‹‹’‡†‹ƒǤ‘”‰Ȁ™‹‹Ȁ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡̴‘‘•‘—‰—•–ͳ͵ǡʹͲͳͲǤ
80 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Audio
Specific Sites

Internet Archive
You can quickly and easily publish your audio files to the
Internet Archive by visiting http://www.archive.org/create/, which
includes a license selection step.
For large files (>500MB), you may wish to use our CC Publisher
application. CC Publisher is a tool that does two things: it will help
you tag your audio files with information about your license and it
allows you to upload Creative Commons-licensed audio and video
works to the Internet Archive for free hosting.
CC Publisher is available for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux
operating systems. Download links and installation instructions can
be found on the CC Publisher page.

Using CC Publisher

Step one: Dragging your songs into CC Publisher

Start the CC Publisher application and hit Next on the introductory
screen. The process starts by adding your files to be
tagged/uploaded. You can use the browse function to find the files,
or simply drag and drop as many files that you would like to license
(all with the same license) and upload (all into the same collection
at Internet Archive).

Step two: Adding information about your works

The next screen will ask for information about your recording or
video, which will help others find it at the archive and build up the
metadata in your audio files

Step three: Choose your license

CC Publisher lets you choose one of several license types and the
options for each.

Step four: Logging into the Internet Archive

To upload your works to the Internet Archive, you'll need an
account there to associate your files with. If you don't have an
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 81

account there, there is a handy button within CC Publisher that will

launch a web browser and allow you to join it.

Step five: Start your upload to the Archive

The final step is to upload your works to the Internet Archive.
Depending on your connection and the size of files you are
uploading, this step can take anywhere from a few seconds to
several hours.

Step six: All done!

When your upload is complete, the Publisher application will furnish
you with a URL that should be live within 24 hours at the Archive.

Soundclick

Step one: Sign up at SoundClick

SoundClick is a music website that features both signed and
unsigned bands, offering unlimited storage for your band's music.
The easiest way to post music online with a Creative Commons
license is to let SoundClick handle all the hosting, posting, and
licensing for you. Start by signing up a new (free) account at
SoundClick.

Step two: Add information about your band

SoundClick offers plenty of ways for you to add additional
information about your music. Describing your band and the type of
music you play will help visitors find your music.

Step three: Upload your song to Soundclick

After adding information about your song, upload it to SoundClick.

Step four: Choose your license at SoundClick

The last step is to apply a license for your uploaded song. Be sure
to click the "Yes" option under the first question, to enable the
license options for your song.

View your license at SoundClick

Once your song has been uploaded and licensed, go to your
SoundClick music page, and you should see a "license" link for
each song uploaded, which should link to the license you chose.
82 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Morpheus

Morpheus is a popular windows P2P file-sharing

application with support for locating and displaying Creative
Commons licenses on audio files. The following steps describe the
process to distributing your audio on the Morpheus network.

Step one: Use CC Publisher to add metadata to your music

The first step to getting your music recognized by
Morpheus is to embed your license into your songs. Follow our
tutorial on using CC Publisher. When you're done either publishing
your song to the Internet Archive or your own website, your audio
file will have the proper embedded metadata.

Step two: Put your song into Morpheus' Downloads

directory
Once you have used CC Publisher, your audio file should
have extra metadata embedded. Simply copy the file to your
Downloads directory within Morpheus to begin sharing it. Others
using the Morpheus client should be able to see your song and
search for it.

Finding Creative Commons licensed audio on Morpheus

Search for licensed music at Morpheus

You can search for licensed songs at Morpheus by putting
"cc:sampling" into the search field (search for other licenses via
"cc:sharing" is coming soon).

Licenses in Search Results

You should see Creative Commons license information in
your search results.

View license information in your results

Mousing over individual results will also display any
Creative Commons license information. When downloading
licensed songs, you may want to verify the files with CC Lookup.
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 83

Adding a license to your audio page

Step one: Choose a license

If you already have your own website hosting your music
and you'd like to put others on notice that they can use and share
your songs, start by choosing a license for your work.

Step two: Copy the code

On the "Mark your content" page of the license process,
copy the code provided by highlighting it with your mouse and
hitting ctrl-c (command-c on a Mac).

Step three: Paste code into your site

The specifics of the last step will depend on how you edit
your website. Most desktop website tools like Dreamweaver,
Frontpage, or GoLive offer a "code view" that lets you see the code
that makes up your page. Near the end of the page you are hosting
music, before you see </body></html>, paste in the code copied in
the previous step by clicking the page and hitting ctrl-v (command-v
on a Mac).

Video

Internet Archive

You can quickly and easily publish your video files to the
Internet Archive using our CC Publisher application. CC Publisher
is a tool that does two things: it will help you tag your video files
with information about your license and it allows you to upload
Creative Commons-licensed audio and video works to the Internet
Archive for free hosting.
CC Publisher is available for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating
systems. Download links and installation instructions can be found on the
CC Publisher page.

Using CC Publisher
Step one: Dragging your video into CC Publisher
Start the CC Publisher application and hit Next on the
introductory screen. The process starts by adding your files to be
tagged/uploaded. You can use the browse function to find the files,
84 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

or simply drag and drop as many files that you would like to license
(all with the same license) and upload (all into the same collection
at Internet Archive).

Step two: Adding information about your works

The next screen will ask for information about your
recording or video, which will help others find it at the archive and
build up the metadata in your audio/video files.

Step three: Choose your license

CC Publisher lets you choose one of several license types
and the options for each.

Step four: Logging into the Internet Archive

To upload your works to the Internet Archive, you'll need
an account there to associate your files with. If you don't have an
account there, there is a handy button within CC Publisher that will
launch a web browser and allow you to join it.

Step five: Start your upload to the Archive

The final step is to upload your works to the Internet
Archive. Depending on your connection and the size of files you are
uploading, this step can take anywhere from a few seconds to
several hours.

Step six: All done!

When your upload is complete, the Publisher application
will furnish you with a URL that should be live within 24 hours at the
Archive.

Adding a license to your video page

Step one: Choose a license

If you already have your own website hosting your video
and you'd like to put others on notice that they can use and share
your songs, start by choosing a license for your work.

Step two: Copy the code

On the "Mark your content" page of the license process,
copy the code provided by highlighting it with your mouse and
hitting ctrl-c (command-c on a Mac).
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 85

Step three: Paste code into your site

The specifics of the last step will depend on how you edit
your website. Most desktop website tools like Dreamweaver,
Frontpage, or GoLive offer a "code view" that lets you see the code
that makes up your page. Near the end of the page you are hosting
music, before you see </body></html>, paste in the code copied in
the previous step by clicking the page and hitting ctrl-v (command-v
on a Mac).

Image
Flickr

Step one: Sign up at Flickr

Flickr is an online photo sharing service that offers
Creative Commons licenses on your photos. The easiest way to
post images online with a Creative Commons license is to let Flickr
handle all the hosting, posting, and licensing for you. Start by
signing up a new (free) account at Flickr.

Step two: Upload your images to Flickr

Flickr offers a variety of upload tools that work within
several popular programs, but the easiest way is to upload them
directly through their website.

Step three: Choose a license at Flickr

The last step is to apply a license for all your uploaded
photos.

Buzznet

Step one: Sign up at Buzznet

Buzznet is photo hosting service offering Creative
Commons licenses for your photos. The easiest way to post
images online with a Creative Commons license is to let Buzznet
handle all the hosting, posting, and licensing for you. Start by
signing up a new (free) account at Buzznet.

Step two: Upload your images to Buzznet

Buzznet lets you upload images directly through their
website. Clicking "Post" will take you to the upload page.
86 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Step three: Choose a license at Buzznet

The last step is to apply a license for all your uploaded
photos, using the license wizard at Buzznet. Clicking "Dashboard"
will take you to the license choosing page, then click "Change
default License" to start the wizard.

Adding a license to your photo pages

Step one: Choose a license

If you already have your own website hosting your photos
and you'd like to put others on notice that they can use and share
your images, start by choosing a license for your work.

Step two: Copy the code

On the "Mark your content" page of the license process,
copy the code provided by highlighting it with your mouse and
hitting ctrl-c (command-c on a Mac).

Step three: Paste code into your site

The specifics of the last step will depend on how you edit your
website. Most desktop website tools like Dreamweaver, Frontpage, or
GoLive offer a "code view" that lets you see the code that makes up your
page. Near the end of the page you are hosting music, before you see
</body></html>, paste in the code copied in the previous step by clicking
the page and hitting ctrl-v (command-v on a Mac). If you use custom photo
gallery software to display your images, try pasting the code into the "footer"
file in your site, or the section of the gallery that controls what the bottom of
pages look like.

Text
Blog

Adding a license to your Movable Type Weblog

Step one: Login to Movable Type

You'll want to start by logging into your Movable Type
installation, and finding the "Edit Configuration" link for the blog
you'd like to license.
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 87

Step two: Edit Configuration/Choose license

On the main configuration page, click on the "Preferences"
option in the upper right area, then scroll down to the link marked
"Create a License now" link. Answer the questions, scroll down to
save your configuration, then republish your blog to see a license
button added to your site.

Adding a license to Blogger/Blogspot

Step one: Choose a license

Start by choosing a license for your work at the Creative
Commons website.

Step two: Copy the code

On the "Mark your content" page of the license process,
copy the code provided by highlighting it with your mouse and
hitting ctrl-c (command-c on a Mac).

Step three: Paste code into your Blogger Template

Log into the Dashboard of your Blogger blog, click
"Layout" then "Edit HTML". Near the end of the template code,
before you see </body></html>, paste in the code copied in the
previous step by clicking the page and hitting ctrl-v (command-v on
a Mac).
Click "Save Template Changes" then republish your blog
to add your license to your Blogger site.

Adding a license to Typepad

(Follow the first two steps above to choose a license and copy
the code)

Step three: Create a new Typelist

You'll want to create a new Typelist to hold the Creative
Commons license code. Log into Typepad, then click on the
Typelists tab, and create a new Typelist called CC or Creative
Commons, and make it a Link type of list.

Step four: Paste code into your new Typelist

88 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Click "New Item" to add a Typelist item, and paste your

license code into the "Notes" area and save the item.

Step five: Change Typelist configuration

Once the item is saved in your new Typelist, click the "Edit
Configuration" link for your Creative Commons typelist, then scroll
down to the Advanced options, and under "Display Notes" click the
"as text" option and save.

Step six: Add Typelist to your blog

The last step is to add the typelist to your blog. Click the
"Edit Design" option on your blog, then click the "Content" link and
scroll down to the Typelists options, then click your Creative
Commons typelist, save, then republish your blog to add the
license.

Adding a license to LiveJournal

(Follow the first two steps above to choose a license and copy
the code)

While logged in, go to the LiveJournal homepage and look at the

header.
x If it's a personal blog, choose "Journal" then "Journal
style".
x If it's a community, choose "Communities" then
"Manage," and for the community you want to mark,
click "[Journal Style]" on the right.

On the right, under "(blog name)'s current theme", click

"Customize your theme".
Click Sidebar and paste the HTML code into the relevant
box. (Depending on the theme, you may need to click "sidebar"
there may be one or many boxes, and you may need to click "Free
Text Sidebox" to make them visible.)

Save and see how it looks.

Depending on the options you've chosen, this may look a bit

bulky or messy - you may want to add <small> </small> tags to the
text under the box.
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 89

Depending on the theme you are using, you may be able to add
the mark elsewhere, e.g. in a footer (?).

Another option is to edit the CSS directly, if you know how to do

this. Instead of clicking "Sidebar", click "Custom CSS" and go from
there. LiveJournal's way of selectively presenting the CSS {?)
differs from other blog platforms, so this can be confusing if you're
not used to it. Make a copy of the previous version of the CSS into
a text file, and note the settings, in case something goes wrong and
you need to change it back.

Adding a license to your existing website

Step one: Choose a license

If you already have your own website hosting your text,
essays and writings and you'd like to put others on notice that they
can use and share your text, start by choosing a license for your
work.

Step two: Copy the code

On the "Mark your content" page of the license process,
copy the code provided by highlighting it with your mouse and
hitting ctrl-c (command-c on a Mac).

Step three: Paste code into your site

The specifics of the last step will depend on how you edit
your website. Most desktop website tools like Dreamweaver,
Frontpage, or GoLive offer a "code view" that lets you see the code
that makes up your page. Near the end of the page you are hosting
music, before you see </body></html>, paste in the code copied in
the previous step by clicking the page and hitting ctrl-v (command-v
on a Mac).
90 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Education
Adding a license to your existing website

Step one: Choose a license

If you already have your own website hosting your
educational materials and you'd like to put others on notice that
they can use and share your materials, start by choosing a license
for your work.

Step two: Copy the code

On the "Mark your content" page of the license process,
copy the code provided by highlighting it with your mouse and
hitting ctrl-c (command-c on a Mac).

Step three: Paste code into your site

The specifics of the last step will depend on how you edit
your website. Most desktop website tools like Dreamweaver,
Frontpage, or GoLive offer a "code view" that lets you see the code
that makes up your page. Near the end of the page you are hosting
music, before you see </body></html>, paste in the code copied in
the previous step by clicking the page and hitting ctrl-v (command-v
on a Mac).
 






APPENDIXIV
ACCRELGUIDE
92 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Foreward
This resource assumes some basic knowledge of HTML and
RDFa. Many of the later examples build on ideas from previous
examples. If there is something in an example that isn't explained,
check previous examples for an explanation.
Validating your RDFa can help you catch syntax errors or other
problems with your metadata. For more information on RDFa
29
validation, see the How-tovalidate page on the RDFa wiki.
This resource contains material adapted from ““ccREL: The
30
Creative Commons Rights Expression Language”” by Creative
Commons, which is available under a Creative Commons
Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

Basic Marking: One page, One License

A very common use of Creative Commons licenses is to license
a page on the web and the content contained within under a CC
license. For example, many blogs are licensed under a Creative
Commons license. It's common for these sites to include CC
license information at the bottom of every page in a footer, similar
to how people often include copyright ownership year and
information at the end of a page.
Below are examples of how you would indicate that a single
page on the web is licensed under CC. This is useful when
integrating a CC license mark into a footer of a website.

License metadata
This page, by <a
href="http://lessig.org/">Lawrence Lessig</a>, is
licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> Creative Commons Attribution License</a>.

29 Š––’ǣȀȀ”†ˆƒǤ‹ˆ‘Ȁ™‹‹Ȁ‘™Ǧ–‘Ǧ˜ƒŽ‹†ƒ–‡

30 Š––’ǣȀȀ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ’”‘Œ‡…–•Ȁ……”‡Ž
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 93

Explanation
This is a very basic example of how to include license metadata
in HTML documents. The only metadata is provided by the
rel="license" attribute in the a tag.rel="license"
generates a triple with predicate xhtml:license. The triple relates the
current document URI to the URI of the CC BY license to the URI
for the xhtml:license predicate
(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#license).
How does this all occur by simply adding a single
rel="license" attribute xhtml is the default prefix for
reserved XHTML values, including license, which means that you
don't need to do anything special to use it (like define the xhtml
namespace). It is a built-in rel type. And the object of
the rel="license" attribute is just set by the URL in the
href attribute, which is true for all rel attributes.

License metadata with license image

<a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> <img
src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/3.0/88x31.p
ng" /> </a> <br /> This page, by <a
href="http://lessig.org/">Lawrence Lessig</a>, is
licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> Creative Commons Attribution License</a>.

Explanation
You can add rel="license" to any tag with a valid href
attribute. This means that for links to the license, anything can be
between the a tags, including an image of the license mark.
In this example, the CC BY license mark is a link, with
rel="license" metadata, to the license deed.
94 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Attribution metadata

<div xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"> <a

rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> <img
src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/3.0/88x31.p
ng" /> </a> <br /> This page, by <a
property="cc:attributionName"
rel="cc:attributionURL"
href="http://lessig.org/">Lawrence Lessig</a>, is
licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> Creative Commons Attribution License</a>. </div>

Explanation
This example shows how to include CC REL metadata into your
HTML. This metadata is what enables the CC license deeds to give
users copy-and-paste attribution HTML. To see an example of how
the CC license deeds use this metadata, go to the example HTML
and click on the license badge.
x xmlns:cc associates the prefix cc with the URL
http://creativecommons.org/ns# throughout the
div. This is critical for valid RDFa.
x property generates a new triple with predicate
cc:attributionName, and the text content of the
element, in this case Lawrence Lessig, as the object.
Note that the line does not break after the end of the
opening a tag surrounding Lawrence Lessig. In the
most recent draft of the RDFa specification, the text linked
to by the a tag (the literal) would be processed to include
any whitespaces within the a tag, including line breaks.
Whitespace is not stripped from literals by RDFa
processors that conform to the specification. When
publishing RDFa it is important to remember this; that
when parsed for RDFa, the format of your HTML could
change the value of a literal to something other than what
you might have expected.
x rel="cc:attributionURL" generates a new triple with
predicate cc:attributionURL, and the URL in the
href as the object. The attribution URL is important when
you want to indicate what URL re-users of your CC-
licensed work should link to when they attribute your work.
Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 95

This URL should appear in the license deed when

someone clicks on your link to the CC license.

More metadata: Title, type, and subjects.

<div about="" typeof="cc:Work"

xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <a
rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> <img
src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/3.0/88x31.p
ng" /> </a> <br /> <span property="dct:title">The
Lessig Blog</span>, a <span rel="dct:type"
href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text">
collection of texts </span> by <a
property="cc:attributionName"
rel="cc:attributionURL"
href="http://lessig.org/">Lawrence Lessig</a>, is
licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> Creative Commons Attribution License</a>. </div>

Explanation
Here build on the previous example to include new metadata:
x about defines the subject of all triples within the div.
Here we have about="", which defines the subject to be
the URL of the current document. When making assertions
about the current document, or current URL, you do not
need to specify that about="". It is included here for
completeness.
x typeof="cc:Work" indicates that the current resource
has the class of cc:Work, which in the
http://creativecommons.org/ns# namespace is
described as "a potentially copyrightable work".
x In addition to the cc namespace declaration
(xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"),
we declare the Dublin Core Terms namespace
(xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"). This
puts many more terms at our disposal.
x Because we've declared the dct namespace, we can use
terms like dct:title. We've embedded it in a span with
the property attribute. The object of this assertion (that
the current document has a dct:title) would be
96 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

the literal between the span tags. In this case, the literal
is The Lessig Blog. As noted above: Be careful not to
include unnecessary whitespace in your literals, as this
would change the assertion you are making.

Individual objects on a page

Text block

Block of text, with license and attribution metadata

<div> This text is not marked as CC licensed.

</div> <div about="#uniqueID" id="uniqueID"> This
text is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> Creative Commons Attribution License</a>. </div>

Explanation
When embedding RDFa metadata into HTML, you aren't limited
to making statements about the current URL. With
the about attribute, you can set the subject of your triples to any
arbitrary URI. In this example, we've set about="#uniqueID",
which means that any RDFa within the div that has
the about="#uniqueID" will have the HTML tag
with id="uniqueID" as its subject. In this example, we have
indicated that the div with id="uniqueID" is has
a rel="license" ofhttp://creativecommons.org/licens
es/by/3.0/.
 Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 97

Images

Image with license, attribution, and work metadata

<div about="CC_image.png"
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"> <img
src="CC_image.png" height="200px" /> <br /> This
image, entitled <span property="dct:title">Sharing
Creative Works</span>, by <a
href="http://creativecommons.org/"
property="cc:attributionName"
rel="cc:attributionURL dct:creator">Creative
Commons</a> is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
License</a>. </div>

Explanation
This example builds on previous examples. As in the text block
example, we make the license assertion about the image. In the
surrounding div, we place an about attribute. This scopes all
RDFa within the div as having (in this case) CC_image.png as
its subject. Thus the rel="license" statement is about the
image URL and not about the current URL, as would be the case if
we did not include the about attribute.
We have included some new metadata in this example as well.
Each property has the image file as its subject due having specified
about="CC_image.png":
x property="dct:title" within the spanelement
makes the assertion that the image file has a dct:title
of Sharing Creative Works. Note that the title is an
RDFa literal, meaning the object of the dct:title
property is whatever falls within the span tag. Therefore,
be careful not to include line breaks or other characters
that you don't want to be a part of your assertion.
x rel="cc:attributionURL dct:creator" is a
compound rel attribute. Rather than using two separate
rel attributes, we are able to place two attribute values
within a single rel by separating the properties with a
space. The rel attribute always has the href attribute
as its object, which in this case is the URL to the Creative
Commons main page, http://creativecommons.org/.
98 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Video

HTML5 video with one source tag and metadata

<div
about="http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/movingim
ages/webm/ASharedCulture_240p.webm"
xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <video
width="426" height="240" preload="none" controls>
<source
src="http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/movingimag
es/webm/ASharedCulture_240p.webm"
type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"'> </video>
<br /> <a
href="http://creativecommons.org/videos/a-shared-
culture" property="dct:title"
rel="cc:attributionURL">A Shared Culture</a>, by
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Dylan"
property="cc:attributionName"
rel="dct:creator">Jesse Dylan</a>, is licensed
under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-
sa/3.0/"> Creative Commons Attribution
NonCommercial ShareAlike License</a>. </div>

Explanation
Embedding CC REL metadata in an HTML5 video tag with a
singlesource tag is straightforward. The technique is similar to
embedding metadata about an image. An aboutattribute is used in
a surrounding div to set the subject of all triples in the div to the
URL of the video linked to by thesource tag.
Below the video, we've included a fairly standard CC license
mark. As per the instruction on the video's official page, we have
linked to the video page and attributed the video to its creator.
Additionally, we have indicated the creator of the video with
dct:creator with the object as Jesse Dylan's Wikipedia page.
The text within that link is also used as a literal to set the object of
cc:attributionName, Jesse Dylan.
Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 99

HTML5 video with multiple source tags(EXPERIMENTAL)

<div
about="http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/movingim
ages/webm/ASharedCulture_240p.webm"
xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <video
width="426" height="240" preload="none" controls>
<source
src="http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/movingimag
es/webm/ASharedCulture_240p.webm"
type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"'> <source
src="http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/movingimag
es/ASharedCulture_240p.mp4" type='video/mp4;
codecs="avc1.42E01E, mp4a.40.2"'> <source
src="http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/movingimag
es/ASharedCulture_240p.ogv" type='video/ogg;
codecs="theora, vorbis"'> </video> <br /> <a
href="http://creativecommons.org/videos/a-shared-
culture" property="dct:title"
rel="cc:attributionURL">A Shared Culture</a>, by
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Dylan"
property="cc:attributionName"
rel="dct:creator">Jesse Dylan</a>, is licensed
under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-
sa/3.0/"> Creative Commons Attribution
NonCommercial ShareAlike License</a>. <div
about="http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/movingim
ages/ASharedCulture_240p.mp4" property="dct:title"
content="A Shared Culture" style="display:none;">
<span property="cc:attributionName"
rel="dct:creator"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Dylan"
content="Jesse Dylan"> </span> <span
rel="cc:attributionURL"
href="http://creativecommons.org/videos/a-shared-
culture"> </span> <span rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-
sa/3.0/"> </span> </div> <div
about="http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/movingim
ages/ASharedCulture_240p.ogv" property="dct:title"
content="A Shared Culture" style="display:none;">
<span property="cc:attributionName"
rel="dct:creator"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Dylan"
100 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

content="Jesse Dylan"> </span> <span

rel="cc:attributionURL"
href="http://creativecommons.org/videos/a-shared-
culture"> </span> <span rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-
sa/3.0/"> </span> </div> </div>

Explanation
For HTML5 videos with multiple source tags, our markup is
more complicated. Depending on a user's browser, a different video
could be displayed when they visit the page. Each version of the
video has equivalent content but a different URL. In this example,
we have .web, .mp4, and .ogv videos. Thus, to accommodate
this fact, we make several sets of assertions, each identical but
with a different subject.
In our example, we make one visible assertion about the first
source URL, the webmvideo. The whole example is contained in a
single div with the about attribute set to the URL to the webm
video. The license metadata, not being re-scoped in any way, then
has the subject of the webm video. Then, below the standard
license assertion, we have two div elements, each hidden from
view with a display:none; CSS rule. They are each scoped to
a different video URL than the container div. Within both hidden
divtags are the dct:title attributes. Rather than setting the
object of property="dct:title" with content between the
span tags, we use the contentattribute to set the object of
dct:title to A Shared Culture, the title of the video.
Within that hidden div are three span tags that sets first both
the dct:creator property and the cc:attributionName
property, the cc:attributionURL property, and the
rel="license" attribute. These three span tags are empty, so
for the properties that take literals, i.e.
property="cc:attributionName", we set the object of the
property with a content attribute. In this example, we set the
object of property="cc:attributionName" to Jesse Dylan
with content="Jesse Dylan".
We duplicate the hidden div tag but with a different about
attribute to make the same assertions about all three formats of the
same video.
Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 101

Non-HTML5 video

<div about="http://blip.tv/play/gpxSyZQBAg"
xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <embed
src="http://blip.tv/play/gpxSyZQBAg"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480"
height="300" allowscriptaccess="always"
allowfullscreen="true"> </embed> <br /> <a
property="dct:title" rel="cc:attributionURL"
href="http://creativecommons.org/videos/a-shared-
culture">A Shared Culture</a>, by <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Dylan"
property="cc:attributionName"
rel="dct:creator">Jesse Dylan</a>, is licensed
under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-
sa/3.0/"> Creative Commons Attribution
NonCommercial ShareAlike License</a>. </div>

Explanation
Providing CC license metadata for non-HTML5 videos, typically
embedded as Flash objects, is similar to our image example, or the
single-source HTML5 example. We have a single URL to the video,
which we set as the subject of our statements with an
aboutattribute in the surrounding div. The URL is the same URL
in the embed tag's src attribute.
102 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Datasets

CC BY dataset, with license and attribution metadata

<div about="example_dataset.csv"
xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <a
href="example_dataset.csv">Download Example
Dataset</a> <br /> <span
property="dct:title">Example Dataset</span> was
published by <a href="http://creativecommons.org/"
property="cc:attributionName"
rel="cc:attributionURL dct:publisher">Creative
Commons</a> and is licensed under a <a
rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> Creative Commons Attribution License</a>. </div>

Explanation
Providing CC license data about a downloadable dataset is as
easy as marking up an image or block of text. For datasets that
have a URL, you can simply scope your statements with an about
attribute so that your metadata has the subject of your dataset's
URL.
In this example, we set about="example_dataset.csv" so
that the subsequent metadata is about the actual dataset.
One thing to note is that here we've used a compound rel
attribute with rel="cc:attributionURL dct:publisher" to
set both the cc:attributionURL and dct:publisher with
the same href attribute.

CC0 dataset, with license and attribution metadata

<div about="example_dataset.csv"
xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
xmlns:vcard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-
rdf/3.0#"> <a href="example_dataset.csv">Download
Example Dataset</a> <br />x <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero
/1.0/"> <img
Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 103

src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/zero/1.0/88x31
.png" style="border-style: none;" alt="CC0"/> </a>
<br/> To the extent possible under law, <a
rel="dct:publisher"
href="http://creativecommons.org/"> <span
property="dct:title">Creative Commons</span></a>
has waived all copyright and related or
neighboring rights to <span
property="dct:title">Example Dataset</span> and
expects that users will follow the <a
rel="cc:useGuidelines" href=""> Creative Commons
Example Use Guidelines</a>. This work is published
from the <span property="vcard:Country"
datatype="dct:ISO3166" content="US"
about="http://creativecommons.org/">United
States</span>. </div>

Explanation
One can mark a downloadable dataset as having been placed
in the public domain with the CC0 waiver. You can create valid CC0
markup using the CC0 tool.
As with the previous example, we set the subject of our
metadata with an about attribute, setting it to the dataset file (in
this case example_dataset.csv). We must also declare the
vcard namespace, as it allows us to make statements about the
country of the publisher, which is important information for public
domain content.
We can use rel="license" to indicate that copyright has
been licensed (or in this case, waived) using the CC0 waiver (by
setting the href attribute to the URL of the waiver,
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/.
Additionally, we must set a dct:publisher for the dataset.
This will tell us who is publishing it, and will allow us to determine
the relevant jurisdiction for the dataset's copyright status. In this
example, the publisher is set to
http://creativecommons.org/. At the end of the example,
you'll see that we've indicated http://creativecommons.org/
has vcard:country with content="US". While one could use
the content between the span elements as the literal value for
vcard:Country, the CC0 and Public Domain Mark deeds require
a literal value with a datatype="ISO3166". That is, you don't
need to specify acontent attribute if your literal value is already
104 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

has that datatype (if US was between the span, rather than
United States, for example). We additionally indicate that this
data, content="US" hasdatatype="dct:ISO3166".
Lastly, we've indicated Use Guidelines to this work by using the
cc:useGuidelines predicate in a rel attribute. In this
example, the object href is empty because we have not created
an example use guidelines document, but in practice this link would
point to actual use guidelines for the work. For more information,
see this CC wiki page. Please note that use guidelines are not
legally binding, and cc:useGuidelines is not meant to specify a
URL that indicates legally binding guidelines for the work.

Multiple CC Licenses on a Page

Multiple CC objects: Text and Image

<div xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"> <div
about="CC_image.png"> <img src="CC_image.png"
height="200px" /> <br /> <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> <img
src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/3.0/88x31.p
ng" /> </a> <br /> <span
property="dct:title">Sharing Creative
Works</span>, by <a
href="http://creativecommons.org/"
property="cc:attributionName"
rel="cc:attributionURL dct:creator">Creative
Commons</a> is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
License</a>. </div> <br /> <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-
sa/3.0/"> <img
src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-
sa/3.0/88x31.png" /> </a> <br /> This page, by <a
rel="cc:attributionURL dct:creator"
property="cc:attributionName"
href="http://creativecommons.org/foobar">Foo
Bar</a>, is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-
sa/3.0/"> Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
3.0 Unported License</a>. </div>

Explanation
Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 105

We have already seen the strategy for including metadata about

different objects on a page in the text block and other examples.
The general idea is to set different subjects for different sets of
metadata with an about attribute in a surrounding element, like a
div. In this example, we have two different license assertions. One
assertion is made about the whole document, and one is made
about the CC_image.png image. The license assertion about the
page follows the standard attribution example. All metadata is about
the current document because no aboutattribute is set to scope
the statements. Then, above that metadata, we have a div that
sets the subject CC_image.png with an about attribute. Within
that div is license metadata about the license applied to that
image.
There are two license assertions in this example. One is about
the example as a whole, and one about the image within the
example. If you were to click the license deeds from the example,
the CC license deed would see and display metadata from that
work on the page and in the copy-and-paste attribution HTML. This
is because the license assertions are made about different
licenses; for the resource as a whole, CC BY-SA, and for the
image, CC BY. Unfortunately, if both license assertions were the
same, the CC license deed would not be able to determine which
metadata to display and would therefore display none.

Attributing Reuses
Attributing a single-source remix

<div xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <a
rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> <img
src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/3.0/88x31.p
ng" /> </a> <br /> Este remix del <a
href="attribution.html" rel="dct:source"> <span
property="dct:title">Attribution
Example</span></a> de <a about="attribution.html"
href="http://lessig.org/" rel="dct:creator"> <span
property="dct:title">Lawrence Lessig</span></a>,
es por <a property="cc:attributionName"
rel="cc:attributionURL"
href="http://creativecommons.org/">Creative
106 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Commons</a> y está disponible bajo una licencia <a

rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported</a>.
</div>

Explanation
Attributing a source work in a remix is similar to how you would
attribute a CC license work in a use, with one addition: you indicate
a source work for the current document using dct:source. In this
example, we have a Spanish version of an earlier example. The
original document is indicated as the source of the current URL by
linking to the source, href="attribution.html", and
specifying rel="dct:source". The title of the source document
is set in the span within the link. Here it's important to note that
dct:title is describing the object of the surrounding tag; in this
case, attribution.html. We also properly attribute the original
document with the correct cc:attributionURL and
cc:attributionName specified by the source. Lastly, we set a
new cc:attributionURL and cc:attributionName for the
remixed work.

Attributing a multiple-source remix

<div xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <div
about="CC_image.png"
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"> <img
src="CC_image.png" height="200px" /> <br /> <span
property="dct:title">Sharing Creative
Works</span>, by <a
href="http://creativecommons.org/"
property="cc:attributionName"
rel="cc:attributionURL dct:creator">Creative
Commons</a> is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
License</a>. </div> <br /> Este remix de <a
href="attribution.html" rel="dct:source"> <span
property="dct:title">Attribution
Example</span></a>, de <a about="attribution.html"
rel="dct:creator"
href="http://lessig.org/">Lawrence Lessig</a>, y
<a href="image.html" rel="dct:source"> <span
Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 107

property="dct:title">Image Example</span></a>, por

<a about="image.html" rel="dct:creator"
href="http://creativecommons.org/">Creative
Commons</a>, fue creado por <a
property="cc:attributionName"
rel="cc:attributionURL"
href="http://creativecommons.org/">Creative
Commons</a> y está disponible bajo una <a
rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
License</a>. </div>

Explanation
To attribute multiple sources in a remixed document, you simply need to
indicate multiple dct:source documents. In this example, we have a
document that is a remix of two source documents. Both source documents
have been marked as being a dct:source. Additionally, the source
documents are properly attributed and linked to as prescribed within each.
108 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Public Domain Content

CC0

Marking waiver, publisher, and use guidelines

<div xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
xmlns:vcard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-
rdf/3.0#"> <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero
/1.0/"> <img
src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/zero/1.0/88x31
.png" style="border-style: none;" alt="CC0"/> </a>
<br/> To the extent possible under law, <a
rel="dct:publisher"
href="http://creativecommons.org/"> <span
property="dct:title">Creative Commons</span></a>
has waived all copyright and related or
neighboring rights to <span
property="dct:title">Example Work</span> and
expects that users will follow the <a
rel="cc:useGuidelines" href=""> Creative Commons
Example Use Guidelines</a>. This work is published
from the <span property="vcard:Country"
datatype="dct:ISO3166" content="US"
about="http://creativecommons.org/">United
States</span>. </div>

Explanation
To mark a work as having been placed into the public domain
with the CC0 waiver, one follows similar steps from previous
examples. If you'd like to avoid manually embedding metadata, You
can create valid CC0 markup using the CC0 tool.
The link to the CC0 waiver should include a rel="license"
attribute, even though the CC0 waiver is not a license, legally
speaking. The dct:publisher should be set to the identifying
URL of the publishing entity.
As in our dataset example, you should register the vcard
namespace in the CC0 waiver mark. This enables the
vcard:Country property, as seen at the bottom of this example.
As in the datset example, we make a vcard:Country assertion
about the dct:publisher. In this case, that publisher is
http://creativecommons.org. For the vcard:Country
Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 109

value, we override the literal United States between the span

tags by providing a content attribute, set to US. We additionally
specify the datatype for this content attribute with
datatype="dct:ISO3166". While one could use the content
between the span elements as the literal value for
vcard:Country, the CC0 and Public Domain Mark deeds require
a literal value with a datatype="ISO3166". That is, you don't
need to specify a contentattribute if your literal value is already
has that datatype (if US was between the span, rather than
United States, for example).
As in previous examples, we have the option of linking to Use
Guidelines for the work. To indicate that a link is to Use Guidelines we
include a rel="cc:useGuidelines" attribute in the link. If this
metadata is included, when someone clicks on the PDM mark the deed
should discover that metadata and link to the guideline URL. In this example
the href attribute is empty but would normally include the location of any
use guidelines. Please note that use guidelines are not legally binding, and
cc:useGuidelines is not meant to specify a URL that indicates
legally binding guidelines for the work.

Public Domain Mark

Marking license, publisher, and use guidelines

<div about="Mona_Lisa.jpeg"
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <img
src="Mona_Lisa.jpeg" /> <br /> <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark
/1.0/"> <img
src="http://i.creativecommons.org/p/mark/1.0/88x31
.png" style="border-style: none;" alt="Public
Domain Mark" /> </a> <br /> This work (<span
property="dct:title">Mona Lisa</span>, by <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vin
ci" rel="dct:creator"> <span
property="dct:title">Leonardo di ser Piero da
Vinci</span> </a>), identified by <a
href="http://yergler.net/"
rel="dct:publisher"><span
property="dct:title">Nathan Yergler</span></a>, is
free of known copyright restrictions. Users are
requested to honor the non-binding <a href=""
rel="cc:useGuidelines">use guidelines</a>. </div>
110 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

Explanation
Using the Public Domain Mark is very similar to using the CC0
waiver. First we set the subject of our metadata to the content
being identified. In this case, we set about="Mona_Lisa.jpeg".
We then set a rel="license" attribute in the link to the PDM
mark, again even though the mark is not strictly a license. We can
also identify a creator of the work; in this case, the dct:creator
is Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, which is a literal
dct:title value applied to the URL
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci,
identifying the creator.
It is important we identify a dct:publisher of the resource,
which is the entity making the Public Domain identification. The
object of dct:publisher is a URL set with an href which is
then given a dct:title. In this case, the dct:publisher is
http://yergler.net/ which has the title Nathan Yergler.
As in previous examples, we have the option of linking to Use
Guidelines for the work. To indicate that a link is to Use Guidelines
we include a rel="cc:useGuidelines" attribute in the link. If
this metadata is included, when someone clicks on the PDM mark
the deed should discover that metadata and link to the guideline
URL. In this example the href attribute is empty but would
normally include the location of any use guidelines. Please note
that use guidelines are not legally binding, and
cc:useGuidelines is not meant to specify a URL that indicates
legally binding guidelines for the work.

Marking copyright registration

Marking a work as registered (CC Network)

<a xmlns:sioc="http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#"
rel="sioc:has_owner"
href="https://creativecommons.net/creativecommons/
"> <img
src="https://creativecommons.net/i/creativecommons
/" style="border:0;" /> </a> <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> <img
src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/3.0/us/88x3
1.png" style="border:0;" /> </a> <br /> <span
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 111

property="dct:title">Example Work</span> by <a

xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
href="http://creativecommons.org/"
property="cc:attributionName"
rel="cc:attributionURL">Creative Commons</a> is
licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
> Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
License</a>.

Explanation
Registering work on the CC Network is a multi-step process.
First, you must have an account on the CC Network. For more
details on obtaining one, see creativecommons.net. Then you must
find the stable URL to your work and follow the directions on the
CC Network to registering it as your work. In your CC Network
account, you should be given a copy-and-paste version of the CC
Network badge to place on the work.
In this example, you can see the CC Network badge with the
embedded registration metadata. First the sioc namespace is
declared. Then we link the badge to our CC Network account with a
rel="sioc:has_owner" to indicate that this is a link to the
owner of the current document.
With this metadata in place, when someone clicks through to
the license deed from the work, the deed will display registration
information and link to the registration page on the CC Network.
 APPENDIXV
BOOKS,ARTICLESANDWEBSITES
ABOUTCREATIVECOMMONS
114 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

BOOKSANDARTICLES
‘—”…‹‡”ǡƒ‹°Ž‡Ǣƒ•ƒ‘˜ƒ•ǡ‘’‡—Ǣ—Ž‘‰†‡‘•ƒ›ǡ±Žƒ‹‡Ǣ
ƒ”ƒ…‡ ƒ–Šƒ”‹ƒ ȋ‡†•ǤȌ ȋʹͲͳͲȌǡ Intelligent Multimedia.
Managing creative works in a digital worldǡ —”‘’‡ƒ ”‡••
…ƒ†‡‹…—„Ž‹•Š‹‰Ǥ
‘—”…‹‡”ǡ ƒ‹°Ž‡Ǣ —Ž‘‰ †‡ ‘•ƒ›ǡ ±Žƒ‹‡ ȋ‡†•ǤȌ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǡ
International Commons at the Digital Age. La création en
partage,‘‹ŽŽƒ–Ǥ
”‘—••ƒ”†ǡ Šƒ”‡‡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍǡ The copyleft movement: creative
commonslicensingǡ‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘‡•‡ƒ”…Š”‡†•Ǥ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡
ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀˆ‹†ƒ”–‹…Ž‡•Ǥ…‘Ȁ’Ȁƒ”–‹…Ž‡•Ȁ‹̴͹ͲͺͳȀ‹•̴͵̴ʹ͸Ȁƒ‹̴ʹͺ
Ͷͷ͹Ͷ͵Ͷǫ–ƒ‰α…‘–‡–Ǣ…‘ŽͳǤ
Ž‹Ǧ‘”‡ǡ ‹˜ƒ ȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍǡ Exploring Creative Commons: A
SkepticalViewofaWorthyPursuitǡŠ‡ —–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡—„Ž‹…
‘ƒ‹ ȋǤ ‡”– —‰‡Š‘Ž–œ ƒ† —…‹‡
—‹„ƒ—Ž–ǡ ‡†•ǤȌǤ
˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ’ƒ’‡”•Ǥ••”Ǥ…‘Ȁ•‘Ž͵Ȁ’ƒ’‡”•Ǥ…ˆǫƒ„•–”ƒ…–̴‹†αͺͺͷͶ
͸͸Ǥ
‹–œ‰‡”ƒŽ†ǡ”‹ƒǡƒ†ƒ‹ȋʹͲͲͶȌǡFreeCulture:Cultivatingthe
Creative CommonsǤ ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ‡’”‹–•Ǥ“—–Ǥ‡†—Ǥƒ—Ȁƒ”…Š‹˜‡ȀͲͲͲͲͲͳʹʹȀǤ

ƒ”Ž‹…ǡ ‹ƒ ȋʹͲͲͷȌǡ  ‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ƒ†

…‹‡…‡‘‘•
‹‡–ƒ‡ǡ ‡”‘ ȋʹͲͲͺȌǡ The Pursuit of Efficient Copyright
Licensing –– HowSomeRightsReservedAttemptstoSolvethe
ProblemsofAllRightsReservedǡŠ†‹••‡”–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ƒ–
Š––’•ǣȀȀ‘ƒǤ†‘”‹ƒǤˆ‹ȀŠƒ†Ž‡ȀͳͲͲʹͶȀͶʹ͹͹ͺǤ
ƒ–œǡ ƒ…Šƒ”› ȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍǡ Pitfalls of Open Licensing: An Analysis of
CreativeCommonsLicensingǡͶ͸͵ͻͳǤ
‡••‹‰ǡ ƒ™”‡…‡ ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍǡ The Creative Commonsǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ ƒ™
‡˜‹‡™ͷͷǣ͹͸͵Ȃ͹͹͹Ǥ
Simone Aliprandi – Creative Commons: a user guide - 115

‡••‹‰ǡƒ™”‡…‡ȋʹͲͲͶȌǡTheCreativeCommon•ǡ͸ͷ‘–ǤǤ‡˜Ǥ
ͳǤ
‡••‹‰ǡ ƒ™”‡…‡ ȋʹͲͲͳȌǡ The future of ideasǡ ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ–Š‡Ǧˆ—–—”‡Ǧ‘ˆǦ‹†‡ƒ•Ǥ…‘ȀǤ
‡••‹‰ ƒ™”‡…‡ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǡ Free cultureǡ ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥˆ”‡‡Ǧ…—Ž–—”‡Ǥ……Ȁˆ”‡‡…‘–‡–ȀǤ
‡••‹‰ ƒ™”‡…‡ ȋʹͲͲͺȌǡ Remix: Making Art and Commerce
Thrive in the Hybrid EconomyǤ ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–
™™™Ǥƒ”…Š‹˜‡Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ†‡–ƒ‹Ž•Ȁƒ™”‡…‡‡••‹‰‡‹šǤ
ƒ‘ ‹ŽŽǡ ‡Œƒ‹ ȋʹͲͲͷȌǡ Towards a Standard of Freedom:
Creative Commons and the Free Software MovementǤ ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡
ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀƒ‘Ǥ……Ȁ™”‹–‹‰Ȁ–‘™ƒ”†̴ƒ̴•–ƒ†ƒ”†̴‘ˆ̴ˆ”‡‡†‘ǤŠ–Ž
Ǥ
‘••ǡ
‹Ž‡•ȋʹͲͲͷȌǡ OntheCreativeCommons:ACritiqueofthe
Commons Without Commonalityǡ ”‡‡ ‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡Ǥ
˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–
™™™Ǥˆ”‡‡•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡Ǥ…‘Ȁƒ”–‹…Ž‡•Ȁ…‘‘•̴™‹–Š‘—
–̴…‘‘ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ
”Ž‘™•‹ǡ †”‡™ ȋʹͲͲͻȌǡ The Tragedy of the Creative
CommonsǤ ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀƒ†”‡™‘”Ž‘™•‹Ǥ…‘Ȁ–ƒ‰Ȁ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ…‘‘•ȀǤ
ƒŽŽƒ•‘”‡ǡ›†‹ƒȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǡBuildingaReliableSemicommonsof
Creative Works: Enforcement of Creative Commons Licenses
andLimitedAbandonmentofCopyright"Ǥ
‡‘”‰‡ƒ•‘ƒ™
‡˜‹‡™ǡ ‘ŽǤ ͳͶǡ ’Ǥ ʹ͹ͳǤ ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–
Š––’ǣȀȀ••”Ǥ…‘Ȁƒ„•–”ƒ…–αͻͷ͹ͻ͵ͻǤ
¡Ž‹¡‹ǡ ‹‘Ǣ ‹‡–ƒ‡ǡ ‡”‘ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǡ The Challenges of
CreativeCommonsLicensingǡ‘’—–‡”ƒ™‡˜‹‡™ǡ‘Ž—‡
ͷǡ••—‡͸Ǥ
116 - order your paper copy on www.aliprandi.org/cc-user-guide

WEBSITES
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰ ȋ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘• ‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽ
™‡„•‹–‡ȌǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ  ȋ–Š‡ Dz ”‡“—‡–Ž› ƒ•‡†
“—‡•–‹‘•dz‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽ™‡„’ƒ‰‡ȌǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™‹‹Ǥ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‹†‡‘• ȋ˜‹†‡‘• ƒ„‘—–
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•ȌǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁƒ„‘—–ȀŠ‹•–‘”›Ȁ ȋ‹•–‘”› ‘ˆ
”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•ȌǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™ǤŽ‡••‹‰Ǥ‘”‰Ȁȋƒ™”‡…‡‡••‹‰’‡”•‘ƒŽ™‡„•‹–‡ȌǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ™‹‹’‡†‹ƒǤ‘”‰Ȁ ȋ–Š‡ ˆƒ‘—• ˆ”‡‡ ‡…›…Ž‘’‡†‹ƒǡ
’—„Ž‹•Š‡†™‹–Šƒ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ž‹…‡•‡ȌǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™ǤŒƒ‡†‘Ǥ…‘Ȁ ȋƒ Žƒ”‰‡ ƒ”…Š‹˜‡ ™Š‡”‡ ƒ”–‹•–• ƒŽŽ‘™
ƒ›‘‡ –‘ †‘™Ž‘ƒ† ƒ† •Šƒ”‡ –Š‡‹” —•‹… —•‹‰ 
Ž‹…‡•‡•ȌǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™ǤˆŽ‹…”Ǥ…‘Ȁ…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡…‘‘• ȋƒ Žƒ”‰‡ ƒ”…Š‹˜‡ ™‹–Š
ƒ›‹ƒ‰‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡Ž‹…‡•‡†—†‡””‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ȍ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…‘’›Ž‡ˆ–Ǧ‹–ƒŽ‹ƒǤ‹–Ȁ…… ȋ–ƒŽ‹ƒ ’”‘Œ‡…– ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹
†‹••‡‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–…‘’›Ž‡ˆ–ƒ†”‡ƒ–‹˜‡‘‘•Ȍ