Endocrine Pathology

Q.1) A patient presents with weight loss, polyphagia, polydypsia, increased tiredness,
vomiting, and hyperventilation. He is young and his parents are also diagnosed with the
same disease. Which of the following is the most common etiological factor associated with
this disease seen in older populations?
A. Smoking
B. Obesity
C. Hypertension
D. Infections
E. Tumors

Q.2) A patient presents with increased growth of skeletal and soft tissue, hypertension,
arthritis, menstrual disturbances, and diabetes mellitus. Upon administration of oral glucose,
which of the following levels would increase?
A. GH
B. IGF
C. GH and IGF
D. ADH
E. None of the above

Q.3) A patient presents with polyuria and thirst. There appears to be no elevation of glucose
in the body, however, the serum osmolality appears to be low. Upon performing the water
deprivation test, the osmolatity is still low. Which of the following is true?
A. The problem is in the pituitary
B. The problem is in the kidneys
C. The patient has diabetes mellitus
D. The patient has high ADH in the serum
E. B and D

Q.4) A blood test in performed on a patient and it discovered that the patient has very low
levels of sodium. It is also known that the patient has just undergone an operation. In
addition he appears to have a small cell tumor of the lung. Which of the following conditions
is most linked to the disease the patient has?
A. diabetes mellitus
B. cushings syndrome
C. hyperthyroidism
D. diabetes insipidus
E. none of the above
Q.5) A patient presents with weight loss, sweating, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, lid
lag, exopthalmosis, and a goiter. Upon taking a thyroid scan, there appears to be an
increased amount of iodine. What is the pathogenesis of his disease?
A. autoimmune mediated (grave’s disease)
B. immune complex mediated
C. unknown
D. infection
E. none of the above

Q.6) A patient presents with lethargy, tiredness, cold intolerance, dryness of skin and hair,
hoarsness of voice and weight gain. He also has psychosis and his heart rate appears to be
lower than normal. Which of the following is not associated with the presenting symptoms?
hypothyroidism
A. hashimoto's disease
B. cretinism
C. protruding tongue, potbelly appearance, dwarflike features
D. iodine deficiency
E. increased iodine levels ( hyperthyroidism)

Q.7) A patient presents with a bump on his neck. Upon taking a tissue sample, there
appears to be parafollicular cells. The tumor is also associated with MEN II, although most of
the time it is sporadic. What is the best way to moniter treatment?
A. measure thyroid hormone levels
B. measure iodine levels
C. measure TSH levels
D. measure calcitonin levels
E. measure iron levels

Q.8) A patient presents with tiredness, weakness, anorexia, apathy, abdominal pain,
hyperpigmentation and postural hypertension. Upon infection he appears to be in
cardiogenic shock and his blood volume is depleted. His sodium levels are low, potassium
levels are high. Which of the following would also be elevated?
A. TSH
B. T4
C. Adrenal hormone
D. ACTH
E. ADH

Q.9) A patient presents with a moon face, truncal obesity, hypertension, purple straiae,
buffalo hump, fragile skin and impaired glucose tolerance. The opposite of the current
increased levels of the prime hormone involved in this patient is seen in: (opposite of
Cushing’s)
A. Addison's disease
B. Pheochromocytoma
C. Hyperaldosteronism
D. Cushing's syndrome
E. None of the above

Q.10) A patient presents with hypertension, anxiety, palpitations, headache, excessive

sweating, and arrhythmias. There appears to be increased levels of catecholamines. The
other diseases that also occur in the same area as this tumor would be:
A. Cushing's
B. Addisions
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Goiter
E. A and B

Q.11) A patient presents with a tumor of the adrenal gland. It is determined that the levels
of renin-angiotensin is low. Which of the following would lead to increased renin-
angiotensin levels?
A. Cushing's syndrome
B. Secondary hyperaldosteronism
C. Primary hyperaldosteronism, Conn's syndrome
D. A and B
E. None of the above

Q.12) A girl presents with delayed puberty, absent secondary sexual characteristics, and
primary amenorrhea. She also appears to be hypertensive and hypokalemia. Which of the
following enzymes is increased if there is virilization of a person?
A. 11b-Hydroxylase
B. 17a-hydroxylase
C. 21b-hydroxylase
D. pyruvate kinase
E. alcohol dehydrogenase

Q.13) Dopamine and homovanillic acid are secreted in ______________.

 ( 1 word )
Possible correct answers:
 Neuroblastoma
 Adenoma
 Pheochromocytoma

Q.14) A patient presents with polyuria and thirst, stones, and nephrocalcinosis. He also has
muscle weakness and bone cysts. All of the following is associated with his disease except:
A. hyperparathyroidism
B. excessive vitamin D
C. high bone turnover
D. Paget's disease
E. less sunlight

Q.15) A patient presents with a decreased amount of T cells in the body. He presents with
tetany , parasthesias, and muscle cramps. His condition has similarities to all of the following
except:
A. Rickets
B. hypoparathyroidism
C. Osteomalacia
D. Acute pancreatitis
E. Hypercalcemia

Q.16) A patient presents with rhabdomyolysis and depletion of 2-3-diphosphoglycerate. A

common complication of high levels of the molecule being affected in this patient would be:
A. metastatic calcification
B. dystrophic calcification
C. heart failure
D. respiratory failure
E. none of the above

Q.17) A patient with renal failure and high magnesium level would later have ________ and
__________.
( 2 words or 3 words )

Possible correct answers:

 cardiac arrest
 respiratory paralysis
 liver encephalopathy
 death from hemorrhage