4. Ureter opens to an ectopic site e.g. at the prostatic urethra. What is this condition?

A: complete duplication of the ureter

5. Pt with DM has ketoacidosis. What are the acids contributing to this condition?
A: Acetoacetic acid

6. Which of the following is a cause of bilateral hydronephrosis that is reversible?

A: normal pregnancy

7. Pt with Escherichia coli bacteriuria. What is considered a significant bacteria count?

>105 organisms in 1 ml urine

8. 5y/o with proteinuria, periorbital oedema.

A: Minimal change disease

9. What happens when renal perfusion decreases.

A: JG cells secrete rennin

10. Pt with fever, frequent micturition. Urinalysis shows pus cells +, granular casts +. What
is the Dx?
A: pyelonephritis

11. Voiding reflex with out voluntary control can be cause by ?

A: Trauma to the head/spinal cord.

12. Urine Analysis of this patient shows nitrate ++, pus cell +. What is the microbe
responsible for this ? A: Escherichia Coli.

13. What is the pathophysiology of Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis?

A: Immune complexes get lodged glomerular basement membrane causing complement
pathway to be activated. This lead to destruction.

14. 50 yr old patient is hypertensive for long years. What diuretic would be given to the
patient?
A: furosemide

15. What would happen if there is an increase in Tubular fluid pressure ?

A. GFR would increase >50ml/min

16. What is the alkali reserve ratio?

A: 20:1

EMQ 3
Post-streptococcal glomerulopathy 15 yr old M presents with increase BP and ASOT.
 PMH: Sore throat 1 week ago.

27yr old presents with hematuria after

IgA nephropathy honeymoon. PE: normal. Renal biopsy shows
depositions of depositions of Ig.

2 yrs old presents with chronic cough,

Goodpasture syndrome heamotypsis, cachexic, NO fever and
Lymphadenopathy. Urinalysis shows 4 + protein.

25 yrs old got into RTA [Road traffic accidents]

Acute RENAL failure presents with multiple failure and rupture of
spleen. U&E and blood test is done. GFR < 5 ml.

34 yr old presents with ankle swelling with 5gm

Membranous Glomerulopathy protein in urine. Thickened glomerulus is shown on
renal biopsy.