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properties are varying in certain direction and rotational energy and small amount of
thus overcome interface weakness. FGMs are vibrational energy.
defined as, the materials whose volume Aurel B. Stodola (1924) developed dynamics
fractions of two or more materials are varied of elastic continuous rotor having discs
continuously along certain direction to attain without considering gyroscopic moment,
required purpose. FGMs provide better balancing of shaft, secondary resonance
material response and excellent performance phenomenon due to gravity effect and
in thermal environments like thermal barrier methods to determine critical speeds of shafts
and space application, where it is used to for variable cross sections, also by using
protect space shuttle from heat generated Coriolis accelerations supercritical solutions
during re-entry to Earth’s atmosphere by can be stabilized.
modelling ceramic material at outer surface Baker (1933) found and defined that because
metal at inside surface. of contact between rotor and stator system
Rotor dynamics has a significant history, exhibits self-exited vibrations. David M.
mainly due to its relationship with theory and Smith (1933) found formulas for predicting
practice. Rotor dynamics is a particular branch threshold spin speed for supercritical
of applied mechanics deals with the instability varied through bearing stiffness and
performance and analysis of rotor assemblies. also with ratio between external to internal
Rotor dynamics mostly used to analyse the viscous damping. Many variations came
performance of a turbine shafts, jet engine to closer to practical needs of the rotor dynamic
auto engines and computer storage disks. field for Jeffcott rotor model. Prohl’s and
Basically Rotor dynamics deals with rotor and Myklestad’s (1945) analysed instabilities and
stator. Rotating part in mechanical devices are modelling methods in rotors dynamics by
called rotors, which are supported on bearings, Transfer Matrix Method (TMM).
thus shaft rotate freely about its axis. Many In 1960s, for exact solution capabilities,
engineering components are deals with the numerical methods are established for
subject of Rotor dynamics and which gives structural dynamic analysis, rotor dynamics
better solution for components like turbines, codes and digital computer codes were
compressors, alternators, blowers, motors, constructed on TMM method. In 1970s
pumps, brakes etc. alternative fundamental procedure developed
Rotor delivers with behaviour of materials to that is Finite Element Method (FEM),
limit their spin axis in a more or rigid way to a developed for solution of beam type of
fixed position in space, those are mentioned to models. In 21st century, rotor dynamics are
as fixed rotor (considering spin speed is combined FEM and solids modelling methods
constant), while rotors which are not to create simulations that adapt the coupled
considering in any way are mentioned as free behaviour of disks, elastic shafts and elastic
rotors (considering spin speed is governed by support assemblies into a single,
conservation of angular momentum). In multidimensional-model.
process, Rotors have excessive deal with
OBJECTIVES
1. MATLAB results taken from the literature and solution for ordinary differential equations
review of before work done by dinesh are solved by Laplace transforms technique.
2. Modelling has been carred of in creo2.0 Farhatnia et al. [5] presented stress
modelling software distribution for composite beam having FGM
3. Literature work results has been interpret in in middle layer. Temperature dependent
advanced simulation software ANSYS 14.0 material properties are considered for uniform
for optimum results. temperature gradient. Jyothula et al. [6]
presented nonlinear analysis of FGMs in
LITERATURE REVIEW thermal environment by changing material
Great number of research has been done in the variation parameter, aspect ratio, and
field of modelling and analysis of FGM’s. boundary condition re analysed with higher
Some of important workout has been done and order displacement model. Nonlinear
presented in following section. Composite simultaneous equation are obtained by
materials possess high strength and stiffness. Navier’s method and equations are solved by
This is an outcome for the use of composite Newton Raphson iterative method. Callioglu
materials in field of aircraft and space shuttles. [7] presented thermoelasticity solution for FG
In an attempt to develop heat resistant disc. By using infinitesimal deformation
materials FGMs are developed. Composition theory and power law distribution used to get
of two or materials and structures changes solution. Stress and displacement variation are
over volume by using some gradation laws presented along radial position due to
such as, exponential law power law, stepwise centrifugal action, steady state temperature,
variation and continuous variation [1]. internal and external pressure. Abotula et al.
Schmauder et al. [2] investigated mechanical [8] studied stress field for curving cracks in
behaviour of ZrO2/NiCr 80 20 compositions FGMs for thermo-mechanical loading.
FGMs are analysed and compared with Using strain energy density criterion effect of
experimental results. And also found that new curvature parameters, temperature gradients
parameter matricity controls the stress level of on crack growth directions, non-homogeneity
composite, globally and also locally. Sladek et values are found and discussed. Bhandari et al.
al. [3] analysed time dependent heat [9] studied parametric study of FGM plate by
conduction in nonhomogeneous FGMs. varying volume fraction distribution and
Laplace transforms technique is used to solve boundary conditions. Static analysis of FGM
initial boundary value problem. Results plate has studied by sigmoid law and
obtained for finite strip and hollow cylinder compared with literature. Kursun et al. [10]
having exponential variation of material presented stress distribution in a long hollow
properties. Shao et al. [4] presented stress FG cylinder under thermomechanical
analysis of FG hollow circular cylinder in environment. By using infinitesimal
combined mechanical and thermal deformation theory, solution for displacement
environment by considering linearly model are found.
increasing temperature. Temperature
dependent material properties are considered
ELASTIC STRAIN
EQUIVALENT STRESS
ANSYS RESULTS
DIRECTIONAL DEFORMATION
SHEAR STRESS
REFERENCES
1. Y.Miyamoto, W.A.Kaysser, B.H.Rabin,
A.Kawasaki and R.G.Ford, Functionally
TOTAL DEFORMATION
Graded Materials: Design, Processing and
Conclusions
Applications, Kluwer Academic
Present study supports to draw following
Publishers, London, 1999.
important conclusions.
2. Schmauder S. and Weber U. Modelling of
i. Three nodded Timoshenko beam
functionally graded materials by numerical
element has been implemented for
homogenization, Archive of Applied
modelling and analysis of FG tapered
Mechanics, 71(2001): pp. 182-192.
shaft by taking into account of
3. Sladek J., Sladek V. and Zhang Ch.
structural damping and hysteretic
Transient Heat Conduction Analysis in
damping in temperature environment.
Functionally Graded Materials by the
ii. The temperature distribution is
Meshless Local Boundary Integral
assumed based on one Dimensional
Equation Method, Computational
steady state temperature field by using
Materials Science, 28(2003): pp.494-504.
Fourier heat conduction equation
4. Shao Z.S. and Ma G.W. Thermo-
without considering heat generation.
mechanical Stresses in Functionally
iii. Temperature dependent material
Graded Circular Hollow Cylinder with
properties are established by taking
Linearly Increasing Boundary
different power law index value.
Temperature, Composite Structures,
iv. Stress values are compared between
83(2008):
steel and FG shaft by taking
pp. 259-265.
temperature dependent material
5. Farhatnia Fatemesh, Sharifi Gholam-Ali
properties for linear variation of
and Rasouli Saeid. Numerical and
temperature, it is found that stresses
Analytical Approach of Theromechanical
developed in FG shaft is lower than
Stresses in FGM Beams, Proceedings of
Steel shaft. Also for better results we
the World Congress on Engineering,
use the ANSYS software for
2(2009): pp. 1-6.
comparing results.
6. Jyothula Suresh., Bathini Sidda., Bathini
v. It is also noted that stress increases as
Eshwara Reddy C. and Kontakkagari
power law index increases.
VIjaya Kumar. Nonlinear Thermal
vi. Stress amplitude increases as speed of
Analysis of Functionally Graded Plated
the shaft increases.
Using Higher Order Theory, Innovative