FALL 2002
Reaching for the future:
The Evolution of Humane
A PUBLICATION OF Science Education
THE AMERICAN
ANTI-VIVISECTION
SOCIETY
CONTENTS
Volume CX, Number 4 ISSN 0274-7774
FEATU R E S
2 ANIMALEARN: ANIMALS, ETHICS, AND EDUCATION IN ACTION
By Katherine Lewis, AAVS Education Director & Nicole Green, AAVS Programs Coordinator
As a leader in promoting humane science education, Animalearn, the education division of AAVS, takes an active
Editor-In-Chief
role in not only touting non-animal dissection alternatives, but also in taking a hands-on approach by creating
Tina Nelson
relationships with both students and educators.
Managing Editor
Crystal Schaeffer 3 WHAT THE HECK IS A DIGITAL FROG?
Copy Editor By Celia Clark, President, Digital Frog International, Inc.
Julie Cooper-Fratrik A frog in a symbiotic relationship with a mouse? This seemingly odd pairing has given rise to an innovative computer
program that has educators excited about teaching and students excited about learning.
Staff 4 A MEDICAL SCHOOL PHYSICIAN PROFESSOR’S CASE AGAINST VIVISECTION IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
Tina Nelson, Executive Director By Lawrence A. Hansen, M.D., University of California San Diego Medical School
Mary Beth Armitage, Assistant Director The use of animals in medical school education has drastically declined in recent years. Dr. Hansen offers his candid
of Programs & Administration expert opinion as to why medical students who are trained without animals will become qualified, empathetic
Jeanne Borden, Administrative Assistant physicians.
Sara Chenoweth, Assistant Director of 8 COMPASSION AND INTELLECT: THE GOALS
Development & Member Services By Lara Rasmussen, D.V.M., Director, Surgery and Clinical Skills,
Nicole Green, Program Coordinator Western University of Health Sciences, College of Veternary Medicine
Katherine Lewis, Education Director Educators at Western University are revolutionizing veterinary medical education. Dr. Rasmussen shares her
Crystal Miller-Spiegel, Outreach Director insights into teaching and inspiring impressionable students to become qualified, caring veterinarians who are
Jennifer Peirson-Winterle, Membership instilled with a respect for and appreciation of their animal patients.
Coordinator
13 SCIENCE FAIRS: NO FUN FOR ANIMALS
Crystal Schaeffer, Communications
By Crystal Miller-Spiegel, AAVS Outreach Director
Coordinator While some may think that science fairs bring out the best in young people, the reality is that these events often
Jessica Sterner, Office Assistant bring out the worst in science, encouraging students to create duplicative projects that can involve painful animal
Lauren Zaprala, Technology experiments.
Coordinator
14 ALTERNATIVES IN THE TEACHING OF BIOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVELS:
GRAPHIC DESIGN/ILLUSTRATION: AN ONGOING SUCCESS STORY
© Copyright 2002 Orbit Integrated By George K. Russell, Professor of Biology, Adelphi University
A pioneer in the field of humane science education, George Russell shares his thoughts on the importance of
The AV Magazine (USPS 002-660) is instilling in students a reverence for life in the study of the biological sciences.
published quarterly under the auspices of
the American Anti-Vivisection Society, 18 HIGH SCHOOL DISSECTION: EVOLUTION BUT NOT YET REVOLUTION
Sue Leary, President. Annual membership By Jonathan Balcombe, Ph.D.
While there has been some change in the methodology of teaching the biological sciences, there is still much more
dues: $20.00. Third-class postage paid at
that needs to be done before this area of education is revolutionized and humane alternatives to dissection become
Lancaster, Pa. Office of Publication:
the norm.
801 Old York Road #204
Jenkintown, PA 19046-1685
Telephone: 215-887-0816
Fax: 215-887-2088 FEATU R E S
E-mail: aavs@aavs.org
Web Site: www.aavs.org 24 MEDIAWATCH
By Mary Armitage, AAVS Assistant Director of Programs & Administration
Articles published in the AV Magazine may
Through the media, AAVS speaks out on behalf of animals used in experimentation, expressing outrage at the
be reproduced with written permission treatment of animals in laboratories and discussing the ethics of utilizing them as ‘research tools.’
and with credit given to AAVS. Also, we
appreciate receiving pertinent newspaper 27 NEWSNET
and magazine clippings, including their By Crystal Schaeffer, AAVS Communications Coordinator
sources and dates of publication. NCAA Scores One for Cows; Purdue Study Exposes GMO Ecological Risks; Virtual Rat Reality; Virtuality Finds Life in
the CAVE; Second Hand Smoke Linked to Feline Lymphoma.
When sending funds or making bequests,
30 ARDF UPDATE
please use our legal title:
The Alternatives Research & Development Foundation (ARDF) proudly announces the recipients of its 2002
The American Anti-Vivisection Society Alternatives Research Grant Program.
801 Old York Road #204 32 MEMBERSHIP
Jenkintown, PA 19046-1685 There are a number of new ways to give a donation to your favorite charity. Making tax-deductible contributions to
Organized and established in 1883. AAVS has never been easier!
The individual views expressed in the 32 TRIBUTES
AV Magazine do not necessarily reflect the Special friends honored and remembered.
policy of the American Anti-Vivisection
Society.
Printed on recycled paper.
animals harmed: zero
www.animalearn.org
A teacher-focused online resource for
alternatives to dissection information!
“As a teacher looking for This site gives teachers and
professors information on:
alternative projects,
• A new way to teach anatomy
www.animalearn.org was and physiology
all that I needed. The site • What educators who use alternatives
provided me with information have to say
as well as a free program to • Alternative lending information
try out with my students.” • Where to find online alternatives
• And much much more!
Jennifer Walker,
10th grade Biology teacher For more information on ordering
alternatives for your classroom, please
call us at (800)729-2287 or e-mail
info@animalearn.org.
www.humanestudent.org
A student-focused online resource for
alternatives to dissection information!
“Being a student opposed to This site gives students and
activists information on:
dissection, I found rescources
• Animals used in education
on alternative projects hard to • Students’ rights
find....www.humanestudent.org • Other students’ testimonials
saved me from having to dissect • Alternative lending information
in my class. It also helped other • And much more!
students in my class who didn’t
For more information on ordering
want to dissect animals.”
alternatives for your class or advice
on implementing a students’ choice 1-800-729-2287
Kevin
policy at your school, please call info@animalearn.org
11th grade
us at (800)729-2287 or e-mail
info@animalearn.org.
N_f8i\N\6
& OUNDED IN THE !MERICAN !NTI
6IVISECTION 3OCIETY !!63 IS THE OLDEST
NON PROFIT ANIMAL ADVOCACY AND EDUCATIONAL
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&IRST 7ORD
TO ENDING EXPERIMENTATION ON ANIMALS IN
RESEARCH TESTING AND EDUCATION !!63 ALSO "Y 4INA .ELSON %XECUTIVE $IRECTOR
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GRASSROOTS GROUPS INDIVIDUALS TEACHERS
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GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS MEMBERS OF THE SCIEN SECTION OF AN EARTHWORM -Y DAUGHTER QUICKLY RESPONDED SPOKE WITH THE TEACHER AND EXPLAINED THE NUMBER OF
TIFIC COMMUNITY AND ADVOCATES IN OTHER NON ANIMAL ALTERNATIVES AVAILABLE )N THIS CASE THE TEACHER WAS AMENABLE TO THE USE OF ALTERNATIVES AND ACTUALLY
COUNTRIES TO LEGALLY AND EFFECTIVELY END THE
WELCOMED THE IDEA OF VIEWING AND USING THE ALTERNATIVES HIMSELF !FTER LEARNING OF THE !NIMALEARN LENDING LIBRARY
USE OF ANIMALS IN SCIENCE THROUGH EDUCATION
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CLASSROOM &ROM ELEMENTARY THROUGH COLLEGE
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ALTERNATIVES TO USING ANIMALS FROM BASIC TEACHERS DISCLOSED THAT THEY USED DISSECTION IN THE CLASSROOM PERCENT BELIEVED THAT DISSECTION WAS AN IMPOR
DISSECTION THROUGH PSYCHOLOGY EXPERIMENTS
!NIMALEARN ALSO PARTICIPATES IN NATIONAL TANT PART OF THE CURRICULUM AND PERCENT CONSIDERED DISSECTION TO BE A CRITICAL HANDS ON ACTIVITY 7HEN ASKED
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TO HELP TEACHERS LEARN WAYS OF EDUCATING PERCENT AGREED
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ONE OF THE TOP RATED LITERATURE COLLECTIONS STAFF PROVIDED EXPERT TESTIMONY TO THE "ALTIMORE #OUNTY 0UBLIC 3CHOOLS "OARD OF %DUCATION ON BEHALF OF THE STU
IN THE ANIMAL ADVOCACY MOVEMENT AND THE DENT IN AN EFFORT TO HELP HER IMPLEMENT A POLICY CHANGE AT HER HIGH SCHOOL
INFORMATIVE !!63 WEBSITE /UR QUARTERLY
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ON THE SCIENTIFIC AND ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF
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PUBLICATIONS ENCOURAGE !!63 MEMBERS AND
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HEARTEDLY BUT BIOLOGY TEACHERS WERE THAT SHOWS REAL LIVING FROGS IN CONTEXT YOU OVER TO ANATOMY AND EXPERTLY EL
MORE RELUCTANT TO EMBRACE MULTIMEDIA NOT JUST IN A DISSECTION TRAY² EGANTLY GUIDES YOU THROUGH THE LIVING
TECHNOLOGY 4HOSE INNOVATIVE AND FOR STATE OF THE DISSECTED STRUCTURES !ND
$&) WOULD LIKE TO SEE WET LAB TRADITION
WARD THINKING TEACHERS WHO BRAVED THIS THEN THE BIOLOGY OF THE LIVING FROG BRINGS
AL DISSECTION AS AN OPTIONAL EXTRA FOR
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THOSE STUDENTS WHO ³OPT IN´ RATHER THAN
ED WITH THE RESULTS DISSECTED WORKS IN REAL LIFE WHICH WAS
FORCING STUDENTS TO ³OPT OUT ´ A VISION
OUR POINT PRESUMABLY TO BEGIN WITH
#ONSIDERING THE PUBLIC OUTCRY OVER THE SHARED BY THE !LBERTA 30#! )N THEIR
.OW FOR ME IT WAS FAR TOO LONG BEFORE )
USE OF ANIMALS FOR SCIENTI½C EXPERI &EBRUARY ISSUE OF !NIMAL7ISE THEY
LINKED ALL THESE DIFFERENT ½ELDS OF STUDY
MENTS AND RESEARCH IT´S HARDLY A WON LISTED REASONS FOR TEACHERS TO INITIATE
) MASTERED ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY AND
DER THAT THESE SAME PROTESTS ARE BEING AN ³OPT IN´ DISSECTION POLICY FOR THEIR
SO ON "UT THOSE CATEGORICAL DISTINCTIONS
HEARD IN SCHOOLS THROUGHOUT .ORTH SCHOOLS
ARE ARTI½CIAL THEY´RE MAN MADE 2EAL
!MERICA 3TUDENTS WITH ETHICAL AND 4HERE IS NO CONCRETE EVIDENCE THAT LIFE DOESN´T FUNCTION IN CATEGORIES LIKE
MORAL OBJECTIONS TO WET LAB DISSECTIONS STUDENTS NEED TO TAKE PART IN A WET THAT 4HE $IGITAL &ROG EMPHASIZES HOW
HAVE BECOME MORE AND MORE VOCAL LAB DISSECTION AS A MEANS TO LEARN THE INDIVIDUAL PARTS FUNCTION IN THE
ABOUT THEIR CONCERNS 4HE $IGITAL &ROG ANATOMY°QUITE THE OPPOSITE HAS BEEN LIVING ANIMAL² N
CO STARRED IN A PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCE SHOWN IN STUDIES 2ESEARCH CONDUCTED
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WWWDIGITALFROGCOM 4HERE YOU CAN DOWNLOAD A
STUDENTS TO EXERCISE THEIR RIGHT TO NOT -ASON 5NIVERSITY IN FOUND THAT
DEMO OR REQUEST A $EMO7ARE #$ $IGITAL &ROG IS ALSO
DISSECT ANIMALS #ALIFORNIA .EW 9ORK 4HE $IGITAL &ROG WAS MORE EFFECTIVE AVAILABLE THROUGH !NIMALEARN´S FREE ALTERNATIVES TO
0ENNSYLVANIA 2HODE )SLAND &LORIDA THAN WET LAB DISSECTION FOR STUDENTS TO DISSECTION LOAN PROGRAM 4HE 3CIENCE "ANK
AND )LLINOIS HAVE NOW LEGISLATED STU LEARN ANATOMY AND TOOK APPROXIMATELY
DENTS´ RIGHT TO NOT DISSECT AND SEVERAL PERCENT LESS TIME 4HIS IS NOT HOW
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4HE USE OF FROGS IN SCHOOLS FOR DISSEC TEACHERS
TION PURPOSES IS MAKING A NEGATIVE 7HILE MORE AND MORE TEACHERS ARE BE
AND LASTING ECOLOGICAL IMPACT &ROGS GINNING TO ACCEPT MULTIMEDIA AS A LEGITI
CANNOT BE EASILY BRED IN CAPTIVITY AS A MATE DISSECTION ALTERNATIVE THERE ARE
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
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3IR 2OGER ,´%STRANGE
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WELFARE ABOVE ALL OTHER CONSIDER
ATIONS 7HILE SUCH A LOFTY AND SEL¾ ESS ASPIRATION -OST TERMINAL ANIMAL LABORATORY TEACH
IS UNREACHABLE FOR MOST PHYSICIANS IN ING EXERCISES ARE FOUND IN PHYSIOLOGY AND
EVERYDAY PRACTICE IT CAN LIKE THE STARS ABOVE PHARMACOLOGY COURSES DURING THE ½ RST TWO
INSPIRE US AND GIVE US GUIDANCE 3OME MEDICAL BASIC SCIENCE YEARS OF MEDICAL SCHOOL 4HESE
EDUCATORS ARE THEREFORE RESISTANT TO ANIMAL COURSES ARE USUALLY TAUGHT BY 0H$ FACULTY WHO
RIGHTS ARGUMENTS ABOUT ELIMINATING VIVISECTION ROUTINELY USE ANIMALS FOR RESEARCH &OR THESE
FROM MEDICAL SCHOOL CURRICULA BECAUSE THEY BE
EDUCATORS ANIMAL USE IN TEACHING DIFFERS LITTLE
LIEVE ANY POSSIBLE HUMAN BENE½ T DERIVING FROM FROM ANIMAL USE IN RESEARCH WHERE THEY BELIEVE
SUCH EXERCISES TRUMPS CONCERN ABOUT ANIMAL SUF
THE SUFFERING IMPOSED UPON THE ANIMALS IS A
FERING 4HE BURDEN OF PROOF THEREFORE FALLS UPON PERHAPS REGRETTABLE BUT NECESSARY PRICE TO BE
PHYSICIAN OPPONENTS OF ANIMAL VIVISECTION TO PAID FOR THE KNOWLEDGE GAINED WHICH COULD
CONVINCE BOTH MEDICAL SCHOOL FACULTY AND MEDI
EVENTUALLY BENE½ T HUMANS
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
5NLIKE ANIMAL RESEARCH HOWEVER -ANY MEDICAL SCHOOL PHYSIOLOGY AND PETENT PHYSICIANS 4HEY FEAR THAT THEY
VIVISECTION TEACHING EXERCISES GENER PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENTS HAVE NOW MIGHT MISS OUT ON A CRUCIAL COMPO
ATE NO NEW KNOWLEDGE )N FACT IF EVERY SUBSTITUTED SOPHISTICATED COMPUTER SIM NENT OF THEIR EDUCATION IF THEY DON´T DO
THING DOESN´T GO JUST AS PREDICTED DUR ULATION PROGRAMS FOR LIVE ANIMAL LABO THE VIVISECTIONS 4O ALLAY THESE FEARS OF
ING THE VIVISECTIONS THEIR TEACHING VALUE RATORY EXERCISES 4HESE SIMULATIONS CAN TEN STOKED BY ADVOCATES OF VIVISECTION
IS LOST 3INCE NO NEW KNOWLEDGE DERIVES BE REPEATED AS OFTEN AS NEEDED UNTIL THE IN PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY DE
FROM THESE VIVISECTIONS THEY CAN BE ETH MEDICAL STUDENTS GRASP THE UNDERLY PARTMENTS THE 5NIVERSITY OF #ALIFORNIA
ICALLY JUSTI½ ED ONLY IF THEY PROVIDE OTH ING PHYSIOLOGIC OR PHARMACOLOGIC PRIN -EDICAL 3CHOOL PHYSICIAN FACULTY MEM
ERWISE UNOBTAINABLE EDUCATIONAL BENE CIPLES BEING DEMONSTRATED 4HIS IS ONE BERS OPPOSED TO VIVISECTION HAVE ENLIST
½ TS "UT STUDIES COMPARING STUDENTS´ OB CLEAR ADVANTAGE COMPUTER SIMULATIONS ED THE AID OF PHYSICIANS PRACTICING IN THE
JECTIVELY MEASURED MASTERY OF PHYSIOL HAVE OVER LIVE ANIMAL LABORATORY EXERCIS COMMUNITY SEE SIDEBAR PAGE 4HESE
OGY AND PHARMACOLOGY HAVE REPEATEDLY ES SINCE THE LATTER CAN BE PERFORMED ONLY VETERAN DOCTORS CAN ASSURE THE MEDICAL
SHOWN NO EDUCATIONAL ADVANTAGE FOR AN ONCE ENDING WITH THE ANIMAL´S LIFE STUDENTS THAT DEVELOPING CLINICAL COMPE
IMAL VIVISECTION OVER ALTERNATIVE INSTRUC %VEN THE STAUNCHEST OPPONENT OF VIVI TENCE DOES NOT REQUIRE VIVISECTION AND
TIONAL METHODS SECTION IN TEACHING MUST GRANT HOWEV BEARS NO RELATION TO WHAT A STUDENT DOES
0ERHAPS RE¾ ECTING THIS FAILURE TO IDEN ER THAT NO MATTER HOW LIFE LIKE SIMULA OR DOES NOT DO ON ONE DAY OF HIS OR HER
TIFY ANY SUPERIORITY FOR VIVISECTION OVER TORS MAY BE REPLETE WITH ERSATZ HUMAN ½ RST YEAR OF MEDICAL SCHOOL
NON LETHAL ALTERNATIVES HAS BEEN A TREND TORSOS AND FAUX VEINS FOR INJECTING DRUGS 4HE CASE AGAINST VIVISECTION IN CLIN
AWAY FROM ANIMAL LABORATORY EXERCIS THEY CANNOT REPLICATE THE AWE INSPIR ICAL SURGERY CLERKSHIPS IS LESS OBVIOUS
ES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION !S RECENTLY AS ING ³'EE WHIZ´ EFFECT OF AN OPENED LIV THAN THE PRECEDING ARGUMENTS OPPOS
PERCENT OF 53 MEDICAL SCHOOL ING BREATHING DOG OR PIG 0HYSIOLOGY IN ING LIVE ANIMAL LABORATORY EXERCISES IN
PHYSIOLOGY COURSES USED AND TYPICAL ACTION WITH EXPANDING LUNGS A BEATING PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 3URGERY
LY REQUIRED PARTICIPATION IN ANIMAL VIVI HEART AND BLOOD SPURTING ARTERIES IS PRO CLERKSHIPS WITH VIVISECTIONS FELL FROM
SECTION MOST OFTEN OF DOGS "Y THIS FOUNDLY IMPRESSIVE "UT VIVISECTION IS PERCENT TO PERCENT IN BUT HAVE
PERCENTAGE HAD DROPPED TO PERCENT NOT THE ONLY AND CERTAINLY NOT THE BEST NOT SINCE CONTINUED TO DECLINE !T ½ RST
AND PERCENT OF THESE WERE THEORETI WAY FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS TO EXPERIENCE BLUSH PRACTICING SURGERY ON ANIMALS BE
-ANY MEDICAL SCHOOL PHYSIOLOGY AND
PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENTS HAVE NOW SUBSTITUTED
SOPHISTICATED COMPUTER SIMULATION PROGRAMS FOR
LIVE ANIMAL LABORATORY EXERCISES
CALLY OPTIONAL RATHER THAN REQUIRED 4HE THIS THRILL -ANDATORY CLINICAL CLERKSHIPS FORE PERFORMING IT ON PEOPLE SEEMS ETH
DECLINE IN ANIMAL VIVISECTION IN PHAR INCLUDE GENERAL SURGERY AND OBSTETRICAL ICALLY UNASSAILABLE AT LEAST FROM THE HU
MACOLOGY HAS BEEN EVEN MORE DRAMAT AND GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY WHICH PLACE MAN´S POINT OF VIEW "UT IN FACT INTERNS
IC FROM PERCENT OF COURSES USING VIVI THE STUDENTS IN THE OPERATING ROOM UN AND RESIDENTS COMMITTED TO BECOMING
SECTION IN TO ½ VE PERCENT IN /F DER THE SUPERVISION OF PHYSICIANS (ERE SURGEONS ACQUIRE THEIR TECHNICAL SKILLS
THIS REMAINING ½ VE PERCENT ALL WERE OP THEY WILL EXPERIENCE THE SAME THRILLING BY OPERATING ON PATIENTS UNDER THE SU
TIONAL INSTEAD OF REQUIRED AWE THAT VIVISECTION PROVIDES BUT THEIR PERVISION OF EXPERIENCED SURGEONS OVER
7E PHYSICIAN MEDICAL SCHOOL FACUL ATTENTION WILL BE FOCUSED ON HOW TO PRE THE COURSE OF ½ VE TO SEVEN YEAR RESIDEN
TY MEMBERS OPPOSED TO VIVISECTION CITE SERVE THE MIRACULOUS LIFE THEY WITNESS CY TRAINING PROGRAMS .O ONE BECOMES
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CONTINUING SUCH LABORATORIES IN THE MI 3INCE MOST PERSISTING PHYSIOLOGY AND -$ APPRENTICESHIP 7HILE VIVISECTING
NORITY OF DEPARTMENTS WHERE THEY PER PHARMACOLOGY VIVISECTION TEACHING LABO A DOG OR PIG DURING THE THIRD YEAR OF
SIST 7E REASON THAT IF VIVISECTION IS NOT RATORIES ARE OPTIONAL THEY COULD BE END MEDICAL SCHOOL MAY PROVIDE THE ¾ AVOR
USED IN THE MAJORITY OF MEDICAL SCHOOLS ED IF MEDICAL STUDENTS SIMPLY OPTED NOT OF WHAT HUMAN SURGERY IS LIKE IT IS NOT
PRODUCING GRADUATES QUALI½ ED TO PRAC TO PARTICIPATE IN THEM 4O PARAPHRASE AN HOW SURGEONS ARE TRAINED AND CAN CER
TICE MEDICINE INCLUDING SUCH PRESTI ANTI WAR SLOGAN FROM THE S ±7HAT IF TAINLY BE FORGONE BY THE GREAT MAJORITY
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3TANFORD AND THE -AYO #LINIC IT CANNOT "UT STUDENTS ARE OFTEN CONCERNED AND ASPIRATIONS
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SCHOOLS /NCE THE NECESSITY HAS BEEN RE SECTIONS 7HILE MANY OF THEM ARE IN LATIONSHIP DEMANDS MORE OF A PHYSI
MOVED FROM A NECESSARY EVIL ALL THAT STINCTIVELY OPPOSED TO HURTING ANIMALS CIAN THAN KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNICAL SKILL
PERSISTS IS THE EVIL THEIR ½ RST PRIORITY IS TO BECOME COM 4HE KEY TO CARING FOR A PATIENT IS CARING
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
MEDICAL EDUCATION
about the patient, which requires empa- It is humbling for a physician to ad-
thy. Teaching medical students to sup- mit it, but probably the best defini-
press their natural empathy for the ani- tion of empathy comes from a lawyer,
mals they are instructed to vivisect runs not a doctor. The lawyer was Abraham
contrary to the highest motivation stu- Lincoln. Once, when discussing a fel- Medical school faculty aren’t
dents have for entering medicine in the low politician’s lukewarm enthusi- the only doctors opposed to dog
first place, the desire to relieve suffer- asm for outlawing slavery, Lincoln re- vivisection laboratories. Regular
ing, not to cause it. Physicians, of course, marked that some men feel the lash doctors in private practice also
cannot be immobilized by their empa- pretty well when it is applied to their oppose wasting animals’ lives
thy: they must develop a capacity for own backs but feel nothing when see- for repetitive teaching exercises.
objectivity in the midst of emotional- ing it applied to the backs of others. Some local doctors who were
ly charged circumstances. Some vivi- Empathy is the ability to feel the lash especially troubled by unnecessary
section proponents go so far as to cele- applied to another’s back. Students’ vivisection set out to discover
brate the tough-minded obliteration of capacity for empathy should be en- if their medical peers would
empathy necessary to vivisect a dog you couraged, strengthened, and rein- join them in trying to end the
would, under other circumstances, play forced by their medical education, not University of California San
with or pet. They equate treating a dog destroyed by it. Diego (UCSD) dog vivisection
as a ‘physiologic preparation’ with de- Enlightened Buddhist insights laboratories.
veloping a capacity for objectivity. But about the near enemies of virtue and
These doctors against dog labs
this mistakes a vice for a virtue, as de- Lincolnesque empathy for the suffer-
wrote a petition expressing the
scribed in the Tibetan Buddhist con- ing of others are probably too much to
simple sentiment that killing
cept of the near enemy. All virtues have expect of medical students being told
dogs is not necessary to teach
cousin vices, termed ‘near enemies,’ to vivisect by their revered professors.
physiology and pharmacology, nor
which superficially resemble them but It is more realistic for physician facul-
is it a necessary step to becoming
are really distinctly different if not op- ty members opposed to vivisection to
a good doctor. Would surgeons
posite in nature. Jealousy looks like hope for the attitude of John Updike’s
and emergency room doctors,
love but is not, just as apathy resembles Harry (Rabbit) Angstrom. Harry once
internists, and pediatricians sign
equanimity but is not. So too, the cal- recalled that when he was a boy, he
this petition? Yes, indeed!
lousness required for vivisection appears sometimes saw other kids amus-
similar to the scientific virtue of objec- ing themselves by using a magnify- Many mature physicians
tivity but is actually the vice of indiffer- ing lens to burn ants. Harry, although expressed surprise that such
ence to the suffering of others. hardly a paragon of virtue, never par- archaic labs were still in existence.
ticipated in this recreation because, Some medical senior practitioners
even as a child, he recognized that had been so unimpressed by
people were cruel enough without dog labs that now, years later,
working at it. We hope that medical they had to strain to remember
students, once informed that vivisec- if they’d even participated.
tion is unnecessary in their education, Other physicians retold horror
will conclude that it represents anoth- stories of dogs surfacing from
er example of people working at cruel- inadequate anesthesia midway
ty and decide, like Harry, not to work through vivisection. Others
at it with them. remembered that their dogs
died prematurely, just part way
Dr. Hansen is professor of pathology and the
into the ‘demonstration.’ Many
neurosciences at the University of California
San Diego. He is also the Director of the younger physicians, graduates of
Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Brain schools that no longer vivisect,
Bank. were incredulous upon hearing
the descriptions of dog labs.
The opinions expressed in this article are my own,
and should not be interpreted as expressing any offi-
cial positions by the University of California San Diego Nearly every doctor who was
Medical School or its Departments of Pathology and the
Neurosciences. asked, in every specialty, from
hospitals all over town, readily
signed the petition. Only a few—a
very few—doctors felt the one-
day teaching labs during the
first year of medical school had
(mm7)inside_fall_2002.idd 6 10/11/02, 2:44 PM
/ & 3"' %%
#ONSCIENTIOUS
/BJECTION
SIGNI½CANTßVALUEß.EARLYßALLßFELTß
THATßTHEIRßPRACTICEßOFßMEDICINEßWASß
NEITHERßSIGNI½CANTLYßENHANCEDß ) HAVE NO WORDS TO DESCRIBE HOW ) FELT
BYßDOGßLABSßNORßDIMINISHEDßBYß
3PURRING 0ERSONAL WHEN ) HAD BEEN WATCHING A SWEET
ELIMINATINGßTHEM
%XPERIENCE INTO !CTION HEALTHY FUNNY AND CURIOUS RAT AND
SUDDENLY THERE WERE ONLY THE REMAINS
4HEßWEBßSITEßWWWDOCTORSAGAINSTß ±)F YOU WANT TO STUDY THE RAT´S BRAIN OF A DEAD BODY WITH NO HEAD AND
DOGLABSCOMßWASßLAUNCHEDßTOß STUDY PSYCHOLOGY )F YOU WANT TO STUDY BLOOD ALL OVER THE TABLE
SUPPORTßMEDICALßSTUDENTSßANDßPRE
THE HUMAN BRAIN STUDY PHILOSOPHY²
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MEDßSTUDENTS ßINß3ANß$IEGOßANDß ACCURATE AND COMPASSIONATE WAY TO
BUT UNFORTUNATELY TRUE IN MOST CASES
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SENTENCE THAT MY BROTHER SAID TO ME
THEMßTHATßPRACTICINGßPHYSICIANSß WHEN ) WAS STUDYING BIOLOGY $URING A 3PANISH ANIMAL RIGHTS ORGANIZATION
½NDßNOßNEEDßTOßKILLßDOGSßTOßLEARNß MY BIOLOGY STUDIES ) HAD A SERIOUS HEADQUARTERS WITH THE REPORT OF THE
MEDICINEß7EßTAKEßCAREßOFßHUMANß CRISIS BETWEEN WHAT ) THOUGHT SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS WHICH TURNED OUT TO BE
BEINGSßALLßDAY ßEVERYßDAY ßANDß SHOULD BE AND WHAT ) FOUND IN MY THE ½RST REPORT EVER MADE BY A 3PANISH
WEßAREßBETTERßJUDGESßOFßESSENTIALß PRACTICES WHICH SHOULD HAVE BEEN STUDENT 7E USED THE REPORT TO PRESS
TRAININGßEXPERIENCEßTHANßAREß0H$ß CALLED NECROLOGY THE #ATALONIAN GOVERNMENT TO CHANGE
ORß-$ßIVORY
TOWERßACADEMICSß THE LAW TO PROTECT LABORATORY ANIMALS
5SELESS PRACTICES THAT INCLUDED SUR
IN A MORE EFFECTIVE WAY $URING THAT
4HEßFACTßISßTHATßMOSTß53ßMEDß GERY ON ANIMALS WERE PERFORMED EVEN TIME ) BECAME INVOLVED IN )NTER.)#(%
SCHOOLSßNOßLONGERßKILLßANYßANIMALSß THOUGH WE HAD NOT BEEN TRAINED IN AN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION DEDI
SUTURES AND STITCHES THEREFORE THE CATED TO PROMOTING HUMANE EDUCA
ATßALLßANDßIFßMOSTßDON´T ßTHENßITß
EXPERIMENTS TURNED OUT TO BE TRAU
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CANNOTßBEßNECESSARYß3OßHOWßDOß
MATIC EXPERIENCES FOR STUDENTS AND A SAGE THAT ALTERNATIVES WERE AVAILABLE
ANYßJUSTIFYßIT ß/URßADVICEßTOßPRE
PAINFUL WASTE OF ANIMALS´ LIVES 7E AND TO LET STUDENTS KNOW THAT THEY
MEDSßISßTOßSTUDYßHARDßANDßAVOIDß WERE NOT OFFERED ANY ALTERNATIVES SO HAD THE RIGHT TO CONSCIENTIOUS OBJEC
APPLYINGßTOßTHEßFEWßREMAININGß OBJECTION MEANT FAILING THE EXAM ) TION )T IS A MATTER NOT ONLY OF ANIMAL
SCHOOLSßTHATßURGEßSTUDENTSßTOßKILLß MUST CONFESS ) WAS SCARED ) COULDN´T RIGHTS BUT ALSO OF CIVIL RIGHTS SINCE IT
ANIMALSß/URßADVICEßTOßMEDICALß PRETEND NOTHING WAS GOING TO HAPPEN IS POSSIBLE NOWADAYS TO HAVE RIGOROUS
STUDENTSßFACINGßTHEßDECISIONßTOß TO THE ANIMALS BUT ) HAD NO SPECI½C EDUCATION AND TRAINING WITHOUT HURT
VIVISECTßISßTOßCHOOSEßCOMPASSIONß ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES TO SHOW TO MY ING ANY ANIMAL AND AT THE SAME TIME
OVERßCALLOUSNESSßß PROFESSORS ) WAS COMPLETELY LOST AND BECOMING BETTER SCIENTISTS BECAUSE WE
DID NOT KNOW WHAT TO DO UNTIL ) REAL
ALSO INCORPORATE ETHICS EMPATHY AND
$R .ANCY , (ARRISON -$ IS A IZED THAT ) COULD BE OF SOME HELP BY COMPASSION IN ALL THE KNOWLEDGE WE
GRADUATE OF THE 5NIVERSITY ATTENDING THE PRACTICES WITHOUT PER
ACQUIRE DURING OUR STUDIES
OF /KLAHOMA #OLLEGE OF -EDICINE FORMING EXPERIMENTS ON THE ANIMALS
AND COMPLETED HER 5#3$ 0ATHOLOGY AND WRITING A REPORT DETAILING THE PRO
) COULDN´T SAVE HER LIFE BUT ) WILL CARRY
2ESIDENCY IN 3HE IS CURRENTLY CEDURES BEING CONDUCTED AT MY UNI
%NRIQUETA FOREVER IN MY HEART BECAUSE
WORKING IN A GENERAL PATHOLOGY VERSITY "UT WATCHING INNOCENT MICE SHE WAS THE TRIGGER ) NEEDED°MY
PRIVATE PRACTICE IN THE 3AN $IEGO AND RATS BEING SLAUGHTERED FOR USELESS INSPIRATION°AND ) STILL THINK OF HER ES
AREA PECIALLY WHILE TALKING TO MEDIA OR PAR
EXPERIMENTS BECAME FUTILE ESPECIALLY
AFTER SPENDING A WHOLE WEEK TRYING TO TICIPATING IN A CONFERENCE AT A UNIVER
RESCUE A RAT THAT ) HAD ALREADY NAMED SITY 4HANK YOU %NRIQUETA FOR MAKING
%NRIQUETA A DIFFERENCE IN MY LIFE AND HOPEFULLY
IN OTHER ANIMALS´ AND STUDENTS´ LIVES
4HE PROFESSOR KNEW ) WAS COMPLETELY AS WELL N
AGAINST THESE PRACTICES AND WAS KEEP
ING AN EYE ON ME ALL THE TIME THOUGH .{RIA 1UEROL IS A BIOLOGIST AND MEDICAL
) TRIED TO SNEAK OUT TO %NRIQUETA´S CAGE STUDENT AT THE 6ALL D´(EBRvN (OSPITAL IN
KILLING DOGS TO OPEN IT AND RUN AWAY WITH HER "ARCELONA 3PAIN -S 1UEROL IS ALSO THE
IS NOT .OBODY EXPECTED THE RATS TO BE KILLED 3PANISH .ATIONAL #ONTACT FOR )NTER.)#(%
NECESSARY THAT DAY AND ) SHOUTED WHEN THE PRO
AND THE HEAD OF THE )NTERNATIONAL
2ELATIONSHIPS /F½CE IN &UNDACIvN
TO BECOMING A FESSOR TOOK %NRIQUETA AS THE ½RST ONE
!LTARRIBA 3PAIN 3HE IS ALSO A MEMBER OF
GOOD DOCTOR AND DECAPITATED HER ) COULDN´T BELIEVE
THE /F½CIAL )NVENTORY OF 3PANISH 3CIENTISTS
MY EYES ) COULDN´T BELIEVE ANYONE #OMMITTED TO !LTERNATIVES TO !NIMAL
COULD BE SO COLD
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FELT MY HEART STOPPING AND SUDDENLY %UROPEAN #OMMISSION OF THE %UROPEAN
BEATING WITH MORE STRENGTH THAN EVER 5NION !DDITIONALLY -S 1UEROL IS THE
) STARED AT HIM AND SWORE TO MYSELF FOUNDER OF THE 3PANISH 'ROUP FOR THE 3TUDY
THAT FROM NOW ON ) WAS GOING TO TRY TO OF 6IOLENCE TOWARDS (UMANS AND !NIMALS
WORK TO STOP ANY ANIMAL TESTING
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
M<K<I@E8IP<;L:8K@FE
#OMPASSION
AND )NTELLECT
4HE 'OALS
4HE FREEDOM TO LEARN IS TRULY A GIFT
,EARNING ITSELF IS A CHALLENGE AND A
RESPONSIBILITY !ND THE PROCESS OF
LEARNING IS A SHARED EXPERIENCE BE
TWEEN THE STUDENT AND THE TEACHER
4HOSE CHOOSING TO PURSUE LEARNING
IN THE LIFE SCIENCES AND THE HEALTH
PROFESSIONS IN PARTICULAR MUST DO
SO WITH A COMBINATION OF MOTIVA
TIONS 4HEY MUST RESPECT AND SEEK
TO PROMOTE LIFE 4HEY MUST BE WILL
ING TO MASTER WHAT IS NECESSARY AND
WILLING TO LEARN THROUGHOUT THEIR
ENTIRE CAREERS !ND THEY MUST SEEK
TO MAXIMIZE IN THEMSELVES BOTH
COMPASSION AND INTELLECT
"Y ,ARA 2ASMUSSEN $6- $IRECTOR 3URGERY
AND #LINICAL 3KILLS #OLLEGE OF 6ETERINARY -EDICINE
7ESTERN 5NIVERSITY OF (EALTH 3CIENCES
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
0HILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE MY FREEDOM TO LEARN WITHOUT HARMING OR BETTER EDUCATE OUR STUDENTS WITHOUT THE
AS A PROFESSOR KILLING ) HAVE COMPLETED AN INTERNSHIP HARMFUL USE OF ANIMALS ) WILL NOT MAKE
4
HE TEACHERS ROLE IN LEARNING GRADUATE DEGREE AND SURGICAL RESIDENCY SUBSTITUTIONS ) WILL NOT @GET BY WITHOUT
IS ONE INVOLVING KNOWLEDGE PROVIDING MY TRANSITION TO THE PERSPEC
THE HARMFUL USE ) CHOOSE NON
HARMFUL
AND EXPERIENCE DISTINCT FROM TIVE OF THE TEACHER ) HAVE PARTICIPATED USE AND PARTICIPATION OF ANIMALS IN VET
THAT OF THE STUDENTS 4EACHERS IN THE SUCCESSFUL EDUCATION OF VETERINARY ERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION BECAUSE IT IS
DONT KNOW IT ALL THEY HOPE
STUDENTS AND VETERINARY TECHNICIANS EDUCATIONALLY SOUND TO DO SO
FULLY JUST KNOW MORE THROUGH THEIR OWN WITHOUT THE HARMFUL USE OF ANIMALS !ND
LEARNING AND EXPERIENCE 4HIS ROLE ) HAVE PARTICIPATED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF 7ESTERN 5NIVERSITY /F
DESERVES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND RESPECT A NEW #OLLEGE OF 6ETERINARY -EDICINE WITH (EALTH 3CIENCES #OLLEGE /F
WHEN IT IS NOT ABUSED 4HE STUDENTS ROLE INNOVATIVE VISION FOR VETERINARY MEDICAL 6ETERINARY -EDICINE
IN THE LEARNING EXPERIENCE IS ONE OF WILL
EDUCATION WESTERNU
CVM
INGNESS CURIOSITY AND QUESTIONING 4HE WWWWESTERNUEDUCVM
TRADITIONAL VIEW OF THE STUDENT AS INFERIOR -Y EXPERIENCES AS A STUDENT EXPOSED ME $ISCOVERY REQUIRES LOOKING )N THE
TO THE TEACHER PERHAPS FAILS TO ACKNOWL
TO TEACHERS WHO ARE NOW MY ROLE MODELS #OLLEGE OF 6ETERINARY -EDICINE AT 7ESTERN
EDGE THE STUDENT AS AN INTELLIGENT BEING IN BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ) SAW THOSE 5NIVERSITY OF (EALTH 3CIENCES WE ARE
HISHER OWN RIGHT WITH THE NEED TO QUES
WHO WERE TRUE SCIENTISTS AND FORWARD LOOKING FOR THE BEST WAY TO EDUCATE FUTURE
TION AND ACCEPT KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERI
THINKERS ) SAW THOSE WHO ABUSED THEIR VETERINARIANS 4HIS INCLUDES AN EDUCATION
ENCES IN HISHER OWN WAY POWER AND FAILED THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES AS IN THE MEDICAL SCIENCES CLINICAL SKILLS
4HE ISSUE OF THE HARMFUL USE OF ANIMALS EXAMINATIONS DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
IN EDUCATION OFTEN DRAWS A SHARP LINE SURGERY PROFESSIONAL SKILLS COMMUNICA
BETWEEN THE TEACHER AND THE STUDENT 3O TION lNANCE PROBLEM SOLVING VETERINARY
AN UNDERSTANDING OF BOTH PARTIES BY BOTH ISSUES AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT
PARTIES MUST BE PART OF THE EQUATION !S 4HE ISSUE OF THE HARMFUL
) HAVE MADE THE TRANSITION FROM BEING USE OF ANIMALS IN EDUCATION 9EARS /NE AND 4WO
PRIMARILY THE STUDENT TO THE NEWEST PERIOD OFTEN DRAWS A SHARP LINE 'IVEN OUR COMMITMENT TO STUDENT
CEN
IN MY PROFESSIONAL LIFE AS THE TEACHER )
HAVE TRIED TO UNDERSTAND WHY WE MAKE THE
BETWEEN THE TEACHER AND TERED LIFELONG LEARNING 0ROBLEM
"ASED
THE STUDENT ,EARNING 0", WILL SERVE AS OUR PRIMARY
CHOICES WE DO &OR EXAMPLE THE TEACHER EDUCATIONAL METHODOLOGY IN THE lRST TWO
CARRIES A RESPONSIBILITY THAT IS UNIQUE YEARS OF THE CURRICULUM 4HE DESIGN OF
AND PERHAPS MISSING FROM A STUDENTS THE 6ETERINARY )SSUES COURSE AND THE
LOAD THE TEACHER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR FUTURE #LINICAL 3KILLS #URRICULUM FOLLOWS THIS
GENERATIONS OF GRADUATES 3TUDENTS ON STUDENT
CENTERED LEARNING DESIGN AS WELL
THE OTHER HAND HAVE THE RESPONSIBILITY TO SCIENTISTS AND EDUCATORS !S A STUDENT MY
WORLD WAS SMALLER ) FOCUSED ON MAKING 4HE GOALS OF THESE lRST TWO YEARS ARE TO
MAKE THEIR LEARNING EXPERIENCES THE BEST PROVIDE THE STUDENT WITH A SOLID GROUNDING
THEY CAN BE WITHIN THE GUIDELINES OF THEIR MYSELF THE BEST ) COULD BE !ND HAVING
BEEN RAISED WITH THE ETHIC THAT TO HARM IN THE BASIC SCIENCES AN INTRODUCTORY LEVEL
LIFESTYLES AND MORALS )T DISTURBS ME TO OF COMPETENCE IN THE CLINICAL SCIENCES AND
SEE TEACHERS ABUSE THE POWER OF THE AN
OTHERS WAS NOT OKAY ) ENDEAVORED TO PRAC
TICE THAT BEHAVIOR IN MY DAILY LIFE WITHOUT CLINICAL SKILLS PROlCIENCY IN PROFESSIONAL
SWER TO THE INQUIRING h7HYv QUESTION WITH AND LIFE SKILLS AND AN UNDERSTANDING OF
h"ECAUSE ) SAID SOv )T EQUALLY DISTURBS QUESTION EXTENDING THAT COURTESY TO ANI
MALS ) HAD THE VISION OF ACCOMPLISHING THE PROFESSION AS A WHOLE
ME TO SEE STUDENTS FOLLOW UNQUESTIONINGLY
OR OPPOSE mATLY WITHOUT THE BENElT OF BOTH OF THESE STUDENT GOALS SOME TEACHERS
AROUND ME DID NOT 9EAR 4HREE
EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE
4HE THIRD YEAR OF THE CURRICULUM BEGINS
"OTH PARTIES MUST BE INCLINED TO BALANCE
!S A TEACHER MY WORLD GOT BIGGER ) EX
THE TRANSITION INTO APPLIED VETERINARY
INTELLECT AND COMPASSION AND RESPECT THE
PERIENCED THE RESULT OF POORLY EDUCATED MEDICINE 3TUDENTS WILL PARTICIPATE AS
ABILITIES AND MOTIVATIONS OF EACH OTHER
GRADUATES ) SAW THE ANIMALS SUFFER AND APPRENTICES IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF VETERI
4HESE ISSUES MUST FORCE EVERYONE TO BE
AT TIMES THE GRADUATES SUFFER AS WELL ) NARY MEDICINE RANGING FROM SMALL ANIMAL
CREATIVE TOLERANT AND PROGRESSIVE
EMBRACED MY RESPONSIBILITY TO ADEQUATELY CLINICAL PRACTICE TO POPULATION HEALTH AND
EDUCATE FUTURE GENERATIONS 3INCE ) WAS PRODUCTION PRACTICE TO VETERINARY AND
%VOLUTION OF MY PHILOSOPHY STARTING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE THAT ) COULD ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE
-Y CURRENT PHILOSOPHY STEMS FROM MY PAST ACCOMPLISH BOTH THIS EXCELLENT EDUCATION 4HE GROUP DYNAMIC WILL CARRY OVER INTO
EXPERIENCES AND MY VISION FOR THE FUTURE AND THE NON
HARMFUL USE OR PARTICIPA
THESE EXPERIENCES WITH THREE STUDENTS
) HAVE COMPLETED AN UNDERGRADUATE CAREER TION OF ANIMALS IN EDUCATION ) WAS NOT SPENDING MULTIPLES OF TWO
WEEK BLOCKS IN
IN THE LIFE SCIENCES AFTER HAVING FOUGHT HINDERED BY THE PESSIMISM SO MANY EDU
THESE VARIOUS ARENAS EMPHASIZING PRIMARY
FOR MY FREEDOM TO LEARN WITHOUT KILLING ) CATORS APPEAR TO THRIVE ON WITH REGARD TO CARE WITHIN A
MILE RADIUS OF CAMPUS
HAVE COMPLETED A PROFESSIONAL PROGRAM THIS ISSUE &ROM MY PERSPECTIVE BASED &OR THE CLINICAL MEDICINE ROTATIONS STU
AND RECEIVED A $OCTOR OF 6ETERINARY ON EXPERIENCE AND EDUCATIONAL DATA ) FEEL DENTS WILL SPEND HALF THEIR TIME DIRECTLY
-EDICINE DEGREE AFTER HAVING FOUGHT FOR THE MOST APPROPRIATE STANCE IS THAT WE CAN INTERACTING WITH CLIENTS PATIENTS AND THE
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
M<K<I@E8IP<;L:8K@FE
MANAGEMENT OF CASES &OR THE REMAINDER ERINARY SCHOOLS OR GOVERNMENTAL OR NON LEARNING TOOLS FOR THESE EXPERIENCES !LL
OF THE TIME STUDENTS WILL WORK WITHIN GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 4HE GOALS OF TRAINING BEGINS IN A SAFE ENVIRONMENT FOR
THEIR GROUP TO SATISFY LEARNING OBJECTIVES THIS FOURTH YEAR ARE TO PREPARE THE STUDENT ALL PARTIES AND PROGRESSES TO MORE @DAN
SET BY CAMPUS FACULTY RESEARCH CURRENT IN SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE VETERINARY GEROUS STRESSFUL @REAL LIFE ENVIRONMENTS
CASES USING EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE MEDICINE TO ALLOW CAREER EXPLORATION AND WITH LESS AND LESS SUPPORT 4HROUGHOUT
PRINCIPLES AND DEVELOP THEIR OWN REQUIRED DEVELOPMENT TO ALLOW FURTHER DEVELOP THIS TRAINING EXPERIENCE STUDENTS DO NOT
JUNIOR CASE REPORT OR RESEARCH PROJECT MENT IN CAREER AREAS OF INTEREST AND TO MOVE ALONG UNTIL THEY ARE ADEPT AT THE LOW
PRESENTATIONS &OR THE NON CLINICAL ROTA INCREASE PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ER LEVELS 4HIS MODEL ALLOWS AN INDIVIDUAL
TIONS STUDENTS WILL BE BASED ON CAMPUS INDEPENDENCE APPROACH TO TRAINING THOSE STUDENTS WITH
AND PARTICIPATE IN APPROPRIATE lELD TRIP EXTENSIVE PRE SCHOOL EXPERIENCE @CHECK
%ACH COMPONENT OF OUR CURRICULAR PLAN
EXPERIENCES PRESENTATIONS PROJECTS AND OFF THEIR LISTS RAPIDLY AND MOVE ON TO
IMPACTS THE OTHERS SO IT IS DIFlCULT TO
EXERCISES 'IVEN THE INTERACTIVE NATURE OF MORE COMPLEX OR SPECIALIZED ENDEAVORS
ISOLATE HOW WE WILL TEACH EACH DISCIPLINE
THESE THIRD YEAR EXPERIENCES SUCCESSFUL 4HOSE STUDENTS WITH LITTLE EXPERIENCE ARE
OR SKILL OR CONCEPT PRECISELY ) WILL GIVE AN
PARTICIPATION AND PROGRESS IS REQUIRED IN PROVIDED THE MEANS AND THE TIME TO TRAIN
OVERVIEW OF OUR APPROACH TO CLINICAL SKILLS
THE lRST TWO YEARS OF THE 0", 6ET )SSUES THEMSELVES TO THE REQUIRED LEVEL
EDUCATION AS AN EXAMPLE OF A PIECE OF OUR
COURSE AND #LINICAL 3KILLS #URRICULUM
CURRICULUM 4HE LEARNING TOOLS WILL RANGE THROUGH
4HE GOALS OF THIS THIRD YEAR ARE TO PREPARE
INANIMATE AND ANIMATE MODELS COMPUTER
THE STUDENT IN PRIMARY CARE VETERINARY ,EARNING A CLINICAL SKILL REQUIRES REPETI
SIMULATIONS PLAY ACTINGREAL TIME SIMULA
MEDICINE TO INTRODUCE THE STUDENT TO THE TION AND GRADUAL DEVELOPMENT MUCH LIKE
TIONS CADAVER EXERCISES HEALTHY ANIMAL
SCOPE OF VETERINARY PROFESSIONAL RESPON LEARNING TO RIDE A BIKE OR mY A PLANE /UR
VOLUNTEERS NON INVASIVE PROCEDURES AND
SIBILITY TO lNE TUNE VETERINARY CLINICAL APPROACH WILL BE TO DEVELOP A LIST OF SKILLS
ANIMALS IN NEED OF CARE !PPROPRIATE LEV
SKILLS AND TO MAKE THE TRANSITION TO THE FOR THE VARIOUS SPECIES THAT WILL REQUIRE
ELS OF MASTERY ARE VERIlED TO MAINTAIN THE
PRACTICE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE PREDETERMINED LEVELS OF MASTERY FOR SUC
QUALITY OF THE GRADUATE
CESSFUL COMPLETION THE MAJORITY OF THESE
9EAR &OUR SKILLS WILL BE COMPLETED IN THE lRST TWO
YEARS OF SCHOOL &IRST WE WILL EVALUATE A 7HERE WE ARE GOING
4HE FOURTH YEAR IS DESIGNED TO ALLOW THE
SKILL AND @BREAK IT DOWN INTO ITS BASIC COM 7ESTERN5 #6- AS AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITU
STUDENTS THE FREEDOM TO MAKE DECISIONS
PONENT PARTS &OR EXAMPLE )6 CATHETER TION WILL CONTINUE TO LEARN AND GROW WITH
BASED ON THEIR CAREER GOALS AND THEIR
PLACEMENT REQUIRES ANATOMY KNOWLEDGE EACH SUBSEQUENT YEAR OF GRADUATES 7E
FREEDOM TO TRAVEL )N CONJUNCTION WITH
ANIMAL RESTRAINT ABILITIES lNE TACTILE ARE COMMITTED TO EVALUATING OUR STUDENTS
THE CURRICULUM COMMITTEE STUDENTS WILL
PERCEPTIONS ADEPTNESS WITH CATHETER HAN AND MAKING CURRICULAR ADJUSTMENTS IN ALL
DESIGN THEIR FOURTH YEAR PROGRAM WITH
DLING ETC 7E WILL PROVIDE LEARNING TOOLS AREAS OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT NOT
EIGHT FOUR WEEK ROTATIONS IN A VARIETY OF
IE ANY DEVICE OR EXPERIENCE FACILITATING JUST THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE /UR
ARENAS APPROPRIATE TO THEIR FUTURE ASPI
LEARNING OF A SKILL THAT WILL SUCCESSFULLY ETHICAL MOTIVATIONS ARE WITH HONEST INTENT
RATIONS 4HEY MAY CHOOSE TO COMPLETE
ADDRESS THESE BASIC PARTS OF EACH SKILL ALTHOUGH IMPLEMENTATION WILL BE A DAILY
THIS YEAR IN THE IMMEDIATE AREA OR THEY
4HEN WE WILL BEGIN TO ASSEMBLE THE PARTS CHALLENGE .O ONE AT 7ESTERN5 #6- IN
MAY CHOOSE ROTATIONS AROUND THE COUNTRY
OF THE SIMPLE SKILLS PROVIDING LEARNING TENDS TO SHRINK FROM THAT CHALLENGE BUT
IN OTHER VETERINARY TEACHING HOSPITALS
TOOLS FOR THESE MORE COMPLEX EXPERIENCES RATHER USE IT AS AN IMPETUS FOR POSITIVE
PRIVATE PRACTICES OR GOVERNMENTAL ORGA
7E WILL PROGRESS TO A COMPILATION OF SIMPLE PROGRESSIVE INNOVATIVE CHANGE 0EOPLE
NIZATIONS 4HEY MAY ALSO ELECT TO TRAVEL
SKILLS INTO COMPLEX SKILLS WITH STILL MORE SUPPORTING 7ESTERN5 #6- WILL SEE THEIR
INTERNATIONALLY TO ROTATIONS AT OTHER VET
CONTRIBUTIONS MAKING DISTINCT CHANGES
TO THE VETERINARY PROFESSION AND ITS IM
PACT ON THE NON HUMAN ANIMAL WORLD
3TUDENTS ATTENDING AND GRADUATING FROM
7ESTERN5 #6- WILL BE THE VEHICLES OF THIS
INSPIRING CHANGE N
,ARA -ARIE 2ASMUSSEN RECEIVED HER $OCTOR OF
6ETERINARY -EDICINE DEGREE FROM 5# $AVIS IN
3OME YEARS LATER SHE RECEIVED $IPLOMATE
STATUS IN THE !MERICAN #OLLEGE OF 6ETERINARY
3URGEONS )N SHE WAS RECRUITED TO DEVELOP
AND DIRECT THE SURGERY AND CLINICAL SKILLS PRO
GRAM AT 7ESTERN 5NIVERSITY OF (EALTH 3CIENCES
#OLLEGE OF 6ETERINARY -EDICINE THE NEW VETERI
NARY SCHOOL IN 3OUTHERN #ALIFORNIA
('
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
#ONSCIENTIOUS
/BJECTION
3TUDENTS -AKING A $IFFERENCE IN
6ETERINARY %DUCATION
!T THE BEGINNING OF MY SECOND WEEK OF 3EVERAL MONTHS OF RESEARCH RESULTED IN AN IMPRESSIVE SUB
MISSION TO THE FACULTY OVER ALTERNATIVES THAT WOULD
VET SCHOOL ) WAS ASKED TO DO SOMETHING MEET THE LEARNING OBJECTIVES TO THE SIX TERMINAL PHYSIOLOGY
APPALLING KILL A HEALTHY
MONTH
OLD LABORATORIES JOURNAL ARTICLES PROVING THE EQUAL OR SUPERI
PIG IN ORDER TO LEARN A BASIC PRINCIPLE OF OR EF½CACY OF ALTERNATIVES AS COMPARED TO TERMINAL LABS AND
LETTERS IN SUPPORT FROM HUMANE EDUCATION ORGANIZATIONS
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY -Y PROFESSOR OFFERED -EMBERS OF 4HE !SSOCIATION OF 6ETERINARIANS FOR !NIMAL
NO ALTERNATE LAB THAN THE ONE WHERE 2IGHTS !6!2 WROTE LETTERS DIRECTLY TO THE )LLINOIS ADMINIS
TRATION ON OUR BEHALF
PIGS WOULD BE KILLED HE BLUNTLY STATED
THAT EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL OBTAINED FROM /UR CONTROVERSY AT 4HE 5NIVERSITY OF )LLINOIS WAS EVENTUALLY
THE LAB WOULD SHOW UP ON OUR PHYSIOLOGY AIRED IN THE PUBLIC FORUM WITH A SENSATIONAL FRONT
PAGE
ARTICLE IN 4HE #HICAGO 4RIBUNE -Y CLASSMATE #ARRIE
MIDTERM EXAM 'USTAVSON STATED ±)T´S IRONIC THAT HERE WE ARE WE WANT TO
LEARN HOW TO HEAL AND ONE OF THE ½RST EXPERIENCES OF VET
!FTER CLASS LET OUT ) VISITED THE $EAN OF 3TUDENTS IN A STATE SCHOOL HERE IS KILLING²
OF SHOCK 7AS ) SO NAtVE TO EXPECT THAT ANY ANIMALS IN MY
EDUCATION WOULD BE TREATED HUMANELY AND WOULD SURVIVE ! WEEK AFTER THE 4RIBUNE ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED THE )LLINOIS
THE EXPERIENCE 4HE $EAN OFFERED NO SOLUTIONS AND TOLD ME ADMINISTRATION TURNED ABOUT
FACE )N A MEMO TO THE SCHOOL
THAT THIS WAS JUST THE ½RST OF MANY ³TERMINAL LABS´ IN THE THE $EAN ANNOUNCED THE SUSPENSION OF THE CONTROVERSIAL
FRESHMAN CURRICULUM )N TOTAL WE ½RST
YEAR STUDENTS WERE ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS 4HE FACULTY QUICKLY IMPLEMENTED AN
EXPECTED TO KILL OVER ANIMALS PIGS SIX RABBITS AND !NIMAL 5SAGE 0OLICY WHICH FOR THE ½RST TIME OF½CIALLY AL
MANY RATS )NDEED ) SHOULD BE ³GLAD´ THAT PIGS HAD REPLACED LOWED FOR STUDENT NONPARTICIPATION IN LABORATORIES ±THAT
DOGS AS THE LAB ANIMAL FOR OUR PHYSIOLOGY COURSE ALL PREVI
CONCLUDE WITH THE DEATH OR EUTHANASIA OF ANIMALS FOR OB
OUS )LLINOIS CLASSES HAD KILLED DOZENS OF DOGS EACH YEAR TAINING THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS ACQUIRED IN THE LABORATO
RY² 0ERSISTENCE AND PUBLIC COMPASSION RULED THAT TERMINAL
) BEGAN TALKING WITH OTHER STUDENTS ABOUT THESE LABS AND LABORATORIES ARE NO LONGER A STANDARD OF MODERN VETERINARY
FOUND THAT ) WASN´T ALONE IN QUESTIONING THE ETHICS OF KILL
EDUCATION
ING ANIMALS IN ORDER TO TRAIN FUTURE VETERINARIANS )N TOTAL
ALMOST A QUARTER OF US BOYCOTTED THE PHYSIOLOGY LABS 7E NO
4HERE IS NO EVIDENCE SUPPORTING CONTINUED ANIMAL USAGE IN
TI½ED THE PROFESSORS WELL IN ADVANCE IN HOPES THAT FEWER ANI
THE PHYSIOLOGY CURRICULUM ON ANYTHING MORE THAN ANECDOT
MALS WERE ORDERED FOR EACH LAB 4HE PROFESSORS SILENTLY AC
AL EVIDENCE ³THIS IS HOW IT´S ALWAYS BEEN DONE´ 3TUDENTS
CEPTED OUR REJECTION OF THE LABS BUT OFFERED NO ALTERNATE WAY NO LONGER BLINDLY FOLLOW PROTOCOL AND ACCEPT THE BAD WITH
TO LEARN THE MATERIAL PRESENTED IN THE AFTERNOON SESSIONS THE GOOD IN EMBRACING THIS PROFESSION 7ITHIN THE LAST DE
CADE THE MAJORITY OF VETERINARY SCHOOLS HAVE BEGUN TO OFFER
4HE SUBJECT OF THE TERMINAL ANIMAL LABS BECAME MORE HEATED NON
TERMINAL METHODS OF TRAINING STUDENTS WITHOUT FORFEIT
AS THE MONTHS WENT ON WE DEBATED THIS ³RITE OF PASSAGE´ PAS
ING ESSENTIAL HANDS
ON EXPERIENCE !6!2 HAS A TABULATED
SIONATELY IN LECTURE HALLS AND PRIVATELY IN THE $EAN´S OF½CE COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES OFFERED BY SCHOOLS OF VETERINARY
BUT TO NO AVAIL OUR PROFESSORS CONTINUED TO DENY US ALTERNA
MEDICINE AND VETERINARY TECHNOLOGY AT WWWAVARORG
TIVES -ANY STUDENTS FELT PRESSURED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE
LABS ONLY BECAUSE THERE WAS NO OTHER OPTION !T THIS POINT 7ITH THE ELIMINATION OF THE TERMINAL PHYSIOLOGY LABS AN AD
EIGHT DETERMINED STUDENTS FROM THREE CLASS YEARS COLLABO
DITIONAL ASPECT OF THE FRESHMAN VETERINARY CURRICULUM HAS
RATED IN SEARCHING FOR ALTERNATIVES THAT MET THE LEARNING OB
COME UNDER SCRUTINY RECENTLY THE SOURCE OF CADAVERS FOR THE
JECTIVES OF THE SIX PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORIES 7E FELT STRONGLY ANATOMY LABORATORIES -OST ANATOMY CADAVERS ARE ACQUIRED
THAT THE USE OF LIVE ANIMALS IN THE LABS WAS UNNECESSARY AND FROM #LASS " ANIMAL DEALERS SHELTERS BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY COM
INHUMANE BECAUSE ALTERNATIVES ARE BEING USED SUCCESSFULLY PANIES AND THE GREYHOUND RACING INDUSTRY 4HERE ARE EXTEN
AT OTHER VETERINARY SCHOOLS SIVE ETHICAL AND EDUCATIONAL ARGUMENTS WHY THESE ARE
((
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
M<K<I@E8IP<;L:8K@FE
6ETERINARY 3TUDENTS ,EARN ,ESSONS IN 3URVIVAL
UNACCEPTABLE INDUSTRIES TO SUPPORT !S
-
AN ALTERNATIVE %DUCATIONAL -EMORIAL OST PEOPLE AGREE THAT STUDENTS TRAINING TO BECOME VETERINAR
0ROGRAMS %-0S ARE BEING INSTITUTED IANS SHOULD LEARN PROPER SURGICAL AND ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES
AT SEVERAL VETERINARY SCHOOLS INCLUDING BY PERFORMING ROUTINE PROCEDURES ON LIVE PATIENTS (OWEVER
4EXAS !- 4UFTS AND THE 5NIVERSITY SHOULD STUDENTS PERFORM SURGERIES ON HEALTHY ANIMALS WHO
OF 7ISCONSIN 6ETERINARY %-0S ARE WILL THEN BE EUTHANIZED FOLLOWING THE LESSON
MODELED AFTER HUMAN DONATION PRO
GRAMS ASSOCIATED WITH MEDICAL SCHOOLS 4HIRD YEAR STUDENTS AT THE 5NIVERSITY OF 0ENNSYLVANIA 3CHOOL OF 6ETERINARY
ALL DONATED ANIMALS HAVE DIED FROM -EDICINE 0ENN IN 0HILADELPHIA 0! HAD THE OPTION OF TAKING A SURGICAL
NATURAL CAUSES OR WERE EUTHANIZED FOR LABORATORY COURSE THAT REQUIRED THE EUTHANASIA OF TWO DOGS AND ONE CAT
MEDICAL REASONS 'RIEVING PET OWNERS 3TUDENTS WOULD PERFORM ONE ³SURVIVAL´ SURGERY ON THE ANIMALS AND THEN
ARE APPEASED KNOWING THEIR DECEASED FOLLOW UP WITH A TERMINAL SURGERY IN WHICH THE ANIMALS WERE EUTHANIZED
COMPANION ANIMAL IS SUPPORTING THE WHILE UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA (OWEVER THAT HAS NOW CHANGED
ACADEMIC TRAINING AND MORAL DEVELOP
MENT OF THE VETERINARY STUDENTS 0LEASE 4HANKS TO THE EFFORTS OF $R $OROTHY "ROWN !SSISTANT 0ROFESSOR OF 3URGERY
VISIT WWWEDUCATIONALMEMORIALORG TO AND A $IPLOMATE OF THE !MERICAN #OLLEGE OF 6ETERINARY 3URGEONS WHO
LEARN MORE ABOUT INSTITUTING AN %-0 RECENTLY TOOK OVER TEACHING THE COURSE 0ENN STUDENTS WHO TAKE THE 3MALL
!NIMAL 3URGERY-EDICINE!NESTHESIA ,ABORATORY NO LONGER ROUTINELY EU
) ENCOURAGE ALL STUDENTS TO VOICE CON
THANIZE THEIR PATIENTS $R "ROWN FELT THE COURSE NEEDED TO BE CHANGED
CERNS ABOUT THE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS AND SHE BEGAN SURVEYING BOTH PAST STUDENTS WHO HAD TAKEN THE COURSE
IN YOUR EDUCATION $O YOUR RESEARCH AND THOSE WHO HAD NOT IN ORDER TO ½ND OUT HOW PREPARED THEY WERE FOR
AND PRESENT YOUR ARGUMENTS SCIENTI½
³REAL WORLD´ SURGERYANESTHESIA AND THE MOST COMMON SURGICAL PROCE
CALLY AND PROFESSIONALLY 4ALK WITH DURES THEY PERFORMED 3HE SOON REALIZED THAT SKILLS IN ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
YOUR CLASSMATES PROFESSORS ADMINIS
WERE RARELY REQUIRED COMPARED TO THE NEED FOR SOFT TISSUE SURGERY SKILLS
TRATORS AND LEGISLATORS 9OU WILL LEARN !S THE ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES WERE THOSE CAUSING THE NEED FOR EUTHANASIA
A LOT ABOUT EXPRESSING YOURSELF IN A PO
IN THE TERMINAL LABS BECAUSE OF THE INCREASED DISCOMFORT AND NEED FOR
LITICAL WORLD YOU WILL HOPEFULLY AVOID LONG
TERM ANALGESIC THERAPY WITH SUPPORTIVE CAREPHYSICAL THERAPY $R
DISILLUSIONMENT IN YOUR PURSUITS AND "ROWN DECIDED TO TEACH STUDENTS USING ORTHOPEDIC MODELS
YOU WILL DE½NITELY MAKE A DIFFERENCE
FOR THE ANIMALS N 3HE STATES ±4HE PROCEDURES NOW PERFORMED ON THE LIVE ANIMAL ;ARE= ONLY
THE MORE COMMON AND USEFUL SOFT TISSUE PROCEDURES²¨±4HESE PROCEDURES
,INNAEA 3TULL GRADUATED WITH HONORS FROM THE SHOULD HAVE NO NEGATIVE LONG
TERM EFFECTS ON THE WELL
BEING OF THE ANI
5NIVERSITY OF )LLINOIS IN -AY 3HE IS THRIV
MAL SO ALL PROCEDURES COULD BECOME ;NON
TERMINAL= WITH THE OPTION TO
ING IN HER INTERNSHIP AT A PROGRESSIVE #ALIFOR
NIA VETERINARY HOSPITAL
ADOPT THE ANIMAL )MPROVING THE COURSE FOR STUDENTS AND ANIMALS ALIKE
WAS MY GOAL AND THIS IS THE ROUTE THAT ALLOWED ME TO GET THERE²
4HE SPRING SEMESTER WAS GROUNDBREAKING SINCE IT WAS THE ½RST
TIME THE COURSE DID NOT INCLUDE TERMINAL SURGERY AND NOW STUDENTS AT
THE 5NIVERSITY OF 0ENNSYLVANIA´S 3MALL !NIMAL 6ETERINARY (OSPITAL WILL
NO LONGER HAVE TO PERFORM ANY TERMINAL SURGERIES WHETHER THEY ARE IN AN
ELECTIVE OR CORE COURSE $R "ROWN STATES ±0RIOR TO LAST YEAR ;TWO= DOGS
AND ;ONE= CAT WERE USED AND EUTHANIZED BY EACH GROUP OF ;THREE= STU
DENTS WHO ELECTED TO TAKE THE COURSE²¨±/N AVERAGE THIS MEANT DOGS
AND CATS PER YEAR !S THE COURSE IS LIKELY TO RUN THIS YEAR EACH STUDENT
WILL RECOVER ;ONE= DOG AND ;ONE= CAT AND WILL SPAY ;ONE= DOG FROM THE
;0ENNSYLVANIA= 30#!²
0ENN HAS JOINED OTHER VETERINARY SCHOOLS SUCH AS 4UFTS 5NIVERSITY 3CHOOL
OF 6ETERINARY -EDICINE IN MAKING THEIR CURRICULUM MORE HUMANE AND
FOCUSING ON STUDENTS´ NEEDS !CCORDING TO $R "ROWN ±-Y IMPRESSION
IS THAT THE STUDENTS FOUND THE COURSE TO BE A VALUABLE LEARNING EXPERI
ENCE²¨±!LL OF THE DOGS AND CATS USED IN THE COURSE WERE ULTIMATELY AD
OPTED²
4HE !MERICAN !NTI
6IVISECTION 3OCIETY APPLAUDS $R "ROWN AND THE
5NIVERSITY OF 0ENNSYLVANIA IN THEIR PROGRESS TO HELP ANIMALS AND INSTILL A
SENSE OF COMPASSION AND RESPONSIBILITY WITHIN THEIR STUDENTS
&OR SURVEYS OF 6ETERINARY -EDICAL 3CHOOLS AND 6ETERINARY 4ECHNICIAN
3CHOOLS AND THEIR USE OF ANIMALS VISIT THE !SSOCIATION OF 6ETERINARIANS FOR
!NIMAL 2IGHTS AT HTTPWWWAVARORG N
()
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
- OST OF US ARE
FAMILIAR WITH
SCIENCE FAIRS°
SCHOOL BASED COMPETITIONS -ViViÊ>ÀÃ
SOUGHT ULTIMATELY TO HELP
ANIMALS SUCH AS PROVIDING
ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT
TO RIVER OTTERS OR STUDYING
ÊÕÊvÀÊ>Ã
IN WHICH STUDENTS CONDUCT AND HOPEFULLY REMEDYING
PROJECTS DISPLAY POSTERS STEREOTYPICAL BEHAVIOR OF
DESCRIBING THEIR WORK AND CAPTIVE PANDAS IN #HINA
THEIR ½NDINGS AND MAY " Y #RYSTAL - ILLER
3PIEGEL ! !63 / UTRE ACH $ IREC TO R MANY RESULTED IN THE DEATH
END UP BEING AWARDED OF SEVERAL ANIMALS )N
PRIZES FOR THEIR EFFORTS ONE PROJECT SPONSORED BY
4HESE FAIRS HAVE DATED BACK THE .ATIONAL )NSTITUTES OF
TO THE S AND HAVE (EALTH A STUDENT ANALYZED
INCLUDED SOME PARTICULARLY CRUEL TREAT
AS ALTERNATIVES PROCUREMENT HOUSING THE LOCOMOTION OF THREE CATS FROM A
MENT OF ANIMALS BY ADOLESCENTS AND CARE EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND LOCAL SHELTER WHOSE SPINAL CORDS HAD
TEENAGERS )N FACT IN THE RULES EUTHANASIA 5NFORTUNATELY )3%&´S PREVIOUSLY BEEN ;INTENTIONALLY= INJURED
OF THE 7ESTINGHOUSE 3CIENCE 4ALENT DE½NITION OF A REPLACEMENT ALTERNATIVE WHEN THEY WERE PLACED ON A TREADMILL
3EARCH WERE CHANGED TO PROHIBIT HIGH IS NOT ONE THAT REPLACES THE USE OF LIVING !NOTHER STUDENT MONITORED RATS IN
SCHOOL STUDENTS FROM CONDUCTING PROJ
BEINGS BUT ONE THAT UTILIZES AN INVER
AN OPERANT CHAMBER AFTER THEY HAD
ECTS THAT HARM VERTEBRATE ANIMALS TEBRATE OR ³LOWER LIFE FORM´ 4HE )3%& BEEN INJECTED WITH COCAINE IN ORDER TO
FOLLOWING AN INCIDENT THAT INVOLVED 2ULES ALSO READ ±2ESEARCH ON ANIMALS UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISMS OF COCAINE
THE BLINDING OF ½VE SPARROWS AND THE INVOLVING ANESTHETICS DRUGS THERMAL ABUSE )N A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EF
SUBSEQUENT DEATH OF THREE OF THEM PROCEDURES PHYSICAL STRESS ORGANISMS FECTS OF CREATINE A SUPPLEMENT USED
PATHOGENIC FOR HUMANS OR OTHER VERTE
BY BODY BUILDERS ON MUSCLE MASS A
2ULES AND REGULATIONS REGARDING THE USE BRATES IONIZING RADIATION CARCINOGENS STUDENT USED SIX
WEEK
OLD MICE
OF ANIMALS IN SCIENCE FAIRS HAVE BECOME MUTAGENS TUMORS OR SURGICAL PROCE
WHO LATER HAD THEIR GASTROC
PLANTARIS
STRICTER IN RECENT YEARS BUT THEY DO NOT DURES MUST BE DIRECTLY SUPERVISED BY MUSCLES REMOVED AND WERE EUTHANIZED
PROHIBIT STUDENTS FROM USING ANIMAL EX
A 1UALI½ED 3CIENTIST OR $ESIGNATED )N ORDER TO STUDY TYPES OF SEROTONIN IN
PERIMENTS AS THE BASIS FOR THEIR PROJECT 3UPERVISOR WITHIN A HOSPITAL SCHOOL THE BRAIN THAT AFFECTS FEEDING BEHAV
3INCE )NTEL HAS SPONSORED WHAT OR CLINICALRESEARCH INSTITUTION² .OT IORS A STUDENT USED RATS WHO WERE
IS CONSIDERED THE MOST PRESTIGIOUS SCI
ONLY IS THE USE OF THESE PROCEDURES EX
INJECTED WITH TWO TYPES OF SEROTONIN
ENCE COMPETITION IN THE 53 THE )NTEL TREMELY TROUBLING AND UNNECESSARY BUT 4WO OF THE DIED DUE TO AN OVERDOSE OF
3CIENCE 4ALENT 3EARCH FORMERLY RUN STUDENTS ARE NOT REQUIRED TO UNDERGO ANESTHESIA AND THE REMAINING WERE
BY 7ESTINGHOUSE 4HIS FAIR DOES NOT TRAINING BEFORE PERFORMING SUCH SERI
EUTHANIZED AT THE END OF THE STUDY
ALLOW STUDENTS TO EXPERIMENT DIRECTLY OUS AND LIFE
THREATENING PROCEDURES !NOTHER STUDENT STUDIED THE EFFECTS OF
ON ANIMALS BUT WILL ALLOW THEM TO WORK !LSO SUCH VAGUENESS OF THE RULES COULD RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION MICROWAVE
IN CONJUNCTION WITH RESEARCH FACILITIES LEAD TO SERIOUS CONSEQUENCES FOR THE RADIATION ON THE ABILITY TO REACH A SUB
THAT ARE CONDUCTING ANIMAL EXPERI
ANIMALS INVOLVED AND THE STUDENTS MERGED PLATFORM WITHIN AN OPAQUE WA
MENTS 3TUDENTS MAY NOT HAVE PHYSICAL WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR LIVES TER MAZE OF MICE WHO WERE EXPOSED
CONTACT WITH THE ANIMALS BUT THEY TO -(Z AND MICE WHO WERE NOT
CAN UTILIZE HARVESTED SPECIMENS OF TIS
4HE STATEMENT OF 3CIENCE 3ERVICE THE EXPOSED TO RADIATION 4HIS STUDENT WAS
SUE BLOOD ETC 4HE ANIMALS CANNOT BE ORGANIZATION THAT OVERSEES THE )NTEL AWARDED A CASH PRIZE OF FROM THE
KILLED SPECI½CALLY FOR THE STUDENT´S PROJ
FAIRS READS ±7E BELIEVE PROHIBITION 53 !IR &ORCE AND AN SCHOLAR
ECT ONLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH OF ANIMAL BASED RESEARCH PROJECTS AT SHIP FROM THE 53 .AVY-ARINE #ORPS
INSTITUTION .EARLY STUDENTS ENTER THE )NTEL )3%& AND AF½LIATED FAIRS WILL
THIS COMPETITION EACH YEAR WHICH RE
ELIMINATE THESE ESTABLISHED GUIDELINES )NSTEAD OF ALLOWING STUDENTS TO DEVELOP
SULTS IN ONLY ½NALISTS COMPETING FOR GOVERNING ANIMAL USE²¨±)F ANIMAL THEIR OWN PROJECTS AND THINK ³OUTSIDE
PRIZES SUCH AS A SCHOLARSHIP RESEARCH PROJECTS AT )NTEL )3%& ARE ELIMI
THE BOX ´ SCIENCE FAIRS CONTINUE TO EN
NATED UNREGULATED AND UNSUPERVISED COURAGE THE GROOMING OF STUDENTS TO BE
)NTEL ALSO SPONSORS THE )NTERNATIONAL ANIMAL RESEARCH AT THE SECONDARY AND COME CLONES OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS
3CIENCE AND %NGINEERING &AIR )3%& LOWER LEVEL WILL INCREASE 3TUDENTS WHO ROUTINELY USE ANIMALS &OR MOST
WHICH IS AF½LIATED WITH SCIENCE FAIRS WILL PROCEED WITH EXPERIMENTATION PROJECTS INVOLVING BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD RESULTING IN APPROX
WITHOUT RULES OR GUIDELINES UNDOUBT
STUDENTS JOIN ONGOING PROJECTS AND ARE
IMATELY ½NALISTS ANNUALLY 0RIZES EDLY RESULTING IN THE PROLIFERATION ESSENTIALLY HANDED A RESEARCH QUESTION
INCLUDE FULL SCHOLARSHIPS TO MAJOR UNIVER
OF INHUMANE SCIENCE PROJECTS AND TO EXPLORE #ONVERTING STUDENTS TO CON
SITIES AND INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AWARDS CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES² (OWEVER IF )3%& DUCT OLD
FASHIONED METHODS OF SCIEN
RULES SET THE STANDARD THEN IT SEEMS TI½C INQUIRY THAT LACK CREATIVITY RATHER
2ULES REGARDING THE USE OF ANIMALS IN LOGICAL THAT NO ANIMAL USE WOULD BE THAN ENCOURAGING THEM TO ½ND NEW
)3%& PROJECTS SET THE STANDARDS FOR MANY CONDUCTED IF )3%& DID NOT WARRANT IT WAYS OF EXPLORING SCIENTI½C QUESTIONS
SCIENCE FAIRS AND THEY ALLOW THE USE OF IS DETRIMENTAL TO STUDENTS AND THE FU
ANIMALS IN VARIOUS EXPERIMENTS EXCEPT 4HIS YEAR´S )3%& WAS HELD IN ,OUISVILLE TURE OF SCIENCE ,UCKILY THE NUMBERS
FOR PROTOCOLS SPECI½CALLY DESIGNED TO KILL +ENTUCKY AND FEATURED APPROXIMATELY OF ½NALISTS AT EACH YEAR´S )3%& WHO USE
ANIMALS EG LETHAL DOSE TESTS 4HE )3%& ½NALISTS 0ROJECTS THAT INVOLVED THE VERTEBRATES CONTINUES TO DECLINE AND
RULES FOR ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS COVER°IN USE OF NON
HUMAN VERTEBRATES TOTALED MORE AWARDS ARE BEING GIVEN TO MORE
MANY CASES IN VAGUE TERMS°AREAS SUCH 4HOUGH MANY OF THE PROJECTS HUMANE AND PROGRESSIVE PROJECTS N
(*
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
:FCC<><<;L:8K@FE
9p>\fi^\B%Iljj\cc#Gif]\jjfif]9`fcf^p#
8[\cg_`Le`m\ij`kp
@ C >P
F F
!LTERNATIVES IN THE 4EACHING OF "IOLOGY AT THE 5NIVERSITY ,EVEL !N /NGOING 3UCCESS 3TORY
"Y NOW IT IS AS WELL KNOWN THAT A RAT WILL SICKEN AND DIE WITHOUT CERTAIN QUENTLY PUBLISHED IN THE !MERICAN "IOL
MINERALS AND VITAMINS AS IT IS THAT HE WILL DIE IF GIVEN NO FOOD AT ALL 7OULD OGY 4EACHER )N THIS ARTICLE ) PUT FORWARD
ANYONE LEARN ANYTHING BY POKING OUT THE EYES IN ORDER TO PROVE THAT WITHOUT SEVERAL ARGUMENTS AGAINST KILLING ANIMALS
THEM ANIMALS CAN´T SEE ¨4AUGHT BY SUCH METHODS BIOLOGY NOT ONLY FAILS TO IN AN UNDERGRADUATE TEACHING SITUATION
PROMOTE REVERENCE FOR LIFE BUT ENCOURAGES THE TENDENCY TO BLASPHEME IT )N THE lRST INSTANCE ) QUESTIONED THE NE
)NSTEAD OF INCREASING EMPATHY IT DESTROYS IT )NSTEAD OF ENLARGING OUR CESSITY OF KILLING A RAT AS MENTIONED ABOVE
1UITE OBVIOUSLY IT WAS POSSIBLE TO lND
SYMPATHY IT HARDENS THE HEART ;= */3%0( 7//$ +254#(
AN ALTERNATIVE ENZYME SOURCE THAT OBVI
ATED THE NEED TO DESTROY A LIVING ANIMAL
0%23/.!, 2%&,%#4)/.3 HISTORY ,ATER HOWEVER WHATEVER INITIAL
)T SEEMED TO ME ALTOGETHER LIKELY THAT
!S AN UNDERGRADUATE BIOLOGY STUDENT IN MISGIVINGS ) MAY HAVE HAD REGARDING OUR
MANY OTHER HUMANE ALTERNATIVES COULD BE
THE LATE S ) MADE ACQUAINTANCE WITH LABORATORY STUDIES GRADUALLY DIMINISHED
FOUND FOR THE STUDY OF A WIDE ASSORTMENT
AN INSTRUMENT LONG SINCE RELEGATED TO AND THE FROG BECAME A SORT OF OBJECT TO BE
OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND ) LISTED A FEW
SCIENCE MUSEUMS AND SCRAP HEAPS THAT MANIPULATED A THING RATHER THAN A LIVING
IN THE ARTICLE )N ADDITION THE LABORA
SINGULAR DEVICE KNOWN AS THE SMOKED
ORGANISM
TORY MANUAL ) HAD BEEN GIVEN USED THE
DRUM KYMOGRAPH !S STUDENTS OF PHYSIOL
PHRASE hSACRIlCE THE RAT v AND ) REALIZED
OGY WE LEARNED TO PITH FROGS AND MAKE 7HEN SEVERAL YEARS LATER ) WAS ASKED AS
WITH SOME ASTONISHMENT THAT ) HAD BEEN
NERVE
MUSCLE PREPARATIONS TO PERFORM A A BEGINNING FACULTY MEMBER TO OVERSEE
USING THE WORD hSACRIlCEv IN THIS WAY FOR
WIDE VARIETY OF EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES A LABORATORY EXERCISE IN WHICH A RAT WAS
SEVERAL YEARS WITH LITTLE OR NO REmECTION
FOR THE STUDY OF NERVE IMPULSE CONDUCTION TO BE KILLED AS A SOURCE OF LIVER ENZYMES
ON ITS DEEPER MEANINGS )N THE ARTICLE )
SINGLE AND MULTIPLE MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS ) SERIOUSLY QUESTIONED THE NECESSITY OF
COMMENTED ON WHAT ) PRESUMED TO BE
BASIC HEART FUNCTION THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS THIS PROCEDURE AND DECLINED TO CARRY
SUBTLE BUT NONETHELESS REAL EFFECTS ON THE
POISONS AND THE LIKE !T THE TIME ) WAS OUT THE PROTOCOL ) WAS ABLE TO LOCATE
EMOTIONAL LIFE OF THE STUDENTS
LESS AWARE THAN LATER OF THE CONSEQUENCES A PLANT SOURCE OF COMPARABLE ENZYMES
THIS TYPE OF STUDY HAD ON ME BUT IT SURELY THAT EASILY MET THE SCIENTIlC REQUIRE
-Y OWN THOUGHTS FOUND CONlRMATION IN
DID OCCUR TO ME THAT GAINS IN KNOWLEDGE MENTS OF THE CLASS EXERCISE -ANY OF THE
THE WORK OF OTHER SCIENTISTS AND HUMANE
ACCRUING FROM THESE STUDIES WERE AC
STUDENTS SEEMED MUCH RELIEVED BY THIS
EDUCATORS AND ) WAS SOON LINKED TO A
COMPANIED BY A GRADUAL LOSS OF FEELING SIMPLE SUBSTITUTION AND AN UNEXPECTEDLY
COMMUNITY OF LIKE
MINDED INDIVIDUALS
&ROGS FOR ME HAD BEEN QUITE SPECIAL LONG CONVERSATION WITH THEM REVEALED
DEDICATED TO THE SEARCH FOR RESPONSIBLE
CREATURES IN MY YOUTH AND ) HAD SPENT AN SENSITIVITIES AND A SENSE OF CARING ) HAD
PEDAGOGICALLY SOUND ALTERNATIVES -ORE
INORDINATE AMOUNT OF TIME SEEKING THEM NOT APPRECIATED ) THOUGHT LONG AND HARD
DETAILED ASPECTS OF THIS COMMON EFFORT LIE
OUT IN THEIR NATURAL HABITAT WATCHING ABOUT THIS EXPERIENCE WITH THE RESULT
WELL BEYOND THE SCOPE OF THIS PAPER BUT
TADPOLES METAMORPHOSE INTO ADULTS AND THAT SOME MONTHS LATER ) PREPARED A BRIEF
ONE FURTHER ASPECT IS GERMANE )N
PURSUING AS BEST ) COULD AN AMATEURS ARTICLE h6IVISECTION AND THE 4RUE !IMS OF
) COMPLETED WORK ON A UNIVERSITY
LEVEL
INTEREST AND LOVE FOR THE FROGS NATURAL %DUCATION IN "IOLOGYv;= THAT WAS SUBSE
(+
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
MANUAL ,ABORATORY )NVESTIGATIONS IN #ELL CULTURES COMPUTER SIMULATIONS AND DENTS WERE DIRECTED WHEREVER POSSIBLE TO
(UMAN 0HYSIOLOGY ;= PUBLISHED BY THE VIDEO#$ 2/- MATERIALS AS WELL AS NU SEEK OUT AND OBSERVE LIVING EARTHWORMS IN
-ACMILLAN #OMPANY )N THIS BOOK ) TOOK MEROUS OTHER ALTERNATIVES CAN BE ADOPTED THE SOIL CRAYlSH IN DITCHES AND STREAMS
ALL THOSE PROCEDURES AND EXPERIMENTAL DE FOR A WIDE VARIETY OF CLASSROOM AND LABORA AND lSHES IN LOCAL WATERWAYS 7ITH REF
SIGNS WE HAD USED AS PHYSIOLOGY STUDENTS TORY EXERCISES ERENCE TO ANIMAL DISSECTION IN THE HIGH
AT THE UNIVERSITY AND DEVISED ALTERNATIVE SCHOOL BIOLOGY CURRICULUM ) HAVE WRITTEN
METHODS EMPLOYING THE STUDENTS THEM "UT @HANDS ON LABORATORY WORK AND INQUI THE FOLLOWING
SELVES AS TEST SUBJECTS -USCLE FUNCTION RY BASED STUDY DO NOT IMPLY THE ABSOLUTE
%+' STUDIES AND OTHER MEASURES OF HEART NEED FOR INVASIVE STUDIES AND VIVISECTION )N DISSECTION IT IS QUITE OFTEN THE CASE
FUNCTION NERVE AND SENSORY PROCESSES )T IS CLEAR TO ME THAT STUDENTS CAN HAVE THAT THE ANIMAL A FROG FOR EXAMPLE IS
DIGESTIVE FUNCTIONS VARIOUS PRINCIPLES OF MEANINGFUL LABORATORY EXPERIENCES WITH STUDIED AS A MODEL OF SOMETHING ELSE
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY RESPIRATORY PHYSIOL THE WIDE RANGE OF HUMANE ALTERNATIVES USUALLY HUMAN ANATOMY OR PHYSIOLOGY
OGY CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND OTHER BASIC THAT EXIST OR CAN BE DEVELOPED BY AN 4HE FROG IS NOT BEING INVESTIGATED FOR
ASPECTS OF PHYSIOLOGY WERE TREATED AND IMAGINATIVE TEACHER 4O BE SURE CERTAIN ITS OWN SAKE BUT RATHER AS A CHEAP
SUITABLE PROTOCOLS WERE PROVIDED 4HE INVASIVE PROCEDURES SUCH AS THE NERVE AND READILY ACCESSIBLE SUBJECT FOR
BOOK REMAINED IN PRINT FOR OVER YEARS ACTION POTENTIAL CANNOT EASILY BE REPLI LEARNING ABOUT HOW THE HUMAN BODY IS
AND MANY THOUSANDS OF COPIES WERE SOLD CATED WITH HANDS ON ALTERNATIVES AND IN SUPPOSED TO WORK "UT MOST STUDENTS
IN SEVERAL %NGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES THIS INSTANCE A lLM OR VIDEO PRESENTATION ) BELIEVE GENUINELY WISH TO STUDY THE
AROUND THE WORLD ,ETTERS FROM SCIENCE WILL NECESSARILY SERVE AS A VALID ALTERNA ANIMAL FOR ITSELF TO LEARN MORE ABOUT
FACULTY MEMBERS AND STUDENTS WHO USED TIVE !S REGARDS ALTERNATIVES TO DISSECTION ITS LIFE ACTIVITIES TO SEE THE CREATURE IN
THE MANUAL CONVINCED ME THAT IT WAS THESE ARE COMPRISED FOR THE MOST PART OF ITS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND TO LEARN
ENTIRELY POSSIBLE TO TEACH @HANDS ON lLMS AND COMPUTER SIMULATIONS MODELS ITS MANNER OF GROWTH REPRODUCTION
PHYSIOLOGY AT LEAST AT AN INTRODUCTORY COL AND OTHER VISUAL MATERIALS AND HERE THE FOOD PREFERENCES AND SO ON 4HE FROG
LEGE LEVEL IN A MEANINGFUL AND ETHICALLY STUDENT MAY FOREGO DIRECT HANDS ON EXPE DISSECTION IS FUNDAMENTALLY DISAP
RESPONSIBLE MANNER RIENCE OUT OF CONVICTION POINTING TO THEM BECAUSE THEY DO NOT
!,4%2.!4)6%3 ). 4(% #,!332//-
!.$ 4%!#().' ,!"/2!4/29
!S A LONG
STANDING UNIVERSITY INSTRUCTOR
) STRONGLY ENDORSE THE NEED TO PROVIDE
MEANINGFUL LABORATORY EXPERIENCES FOR 7HEN SEVERAL YEARS LATER ) WAS ASKED AS A BEGINNING
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AND OTHERS AND FACULTY MEMBER TO OVERSEE A LABORATORY EXERCISE
SEVERAL BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PEDAGOGY LIE AT
THE HEART OF THIS COMMITMENT 3TUDENTS IN WHICH A RAT WAS TO BE KILLED AS A SOURCE OF LIVER
LEARN BEST FROM @HANDS
ON EXPERIENCE
AND THE OPPORTUNITY TO WORK DIRECTLY WITH ENZYMES ) SERIOUSLY QUESTIONED THE NECESSITY OF THIS
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS @,EARNING BY DOING PROCEDURE AND DECLINED TO CARRY OUT THE PROTOCOL
IS A PRINCIPLE EACH OF US KNOWS FROM LIFE
EXPERIENCE 4RUE INQUIRY
BASED LABORA
TORY STUDY GIVES STUDENTS AN UNDERSTAND
ING OF THE SCIENTIlC PROCESS AND SERVES TO
ENRICH THE MORE DIDACTIC MATERIAL OF THE
CLASSROOM OR LECTURE HALL !ND INCREAS
LEARN MUCH ABOUT FROGS OR HUMAN BE
INGLY HUMANE ALTERNATIVES ARE BEING $)33%#4)/. ). 4(% INGS AND WHAT THEY DO LEARN IS NOT CON
DEVELOPED TO TEACH FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS ")/,/'9 #522)#5,5- NECTED WITH THE LIFE OF THE ANIMAL 4HE
OF BIOLOGY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS AND -ANY !MERICAN STUDENTS ARE FAMILIAR WITH EARTHWORM GRASSHOPPER AND CRAYlSH
UNIVERSITIES THE TRADITIONAL SEQUENCE OF DISSECTIONS DISSECTIONS ARE SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT
RANGING FROM THE EARTHWORM GRASSHOP
IN THAT THE AIM HERE IS TO LEARN ABOUT
"ASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSIOLOGY INCLUDING PER CRAYlSH AND PERCH TO THE FETAL PIG THESE SPECIlC ANIMALS BUT ) HAVE
CARDIAC AND PULMONARY FUNCTION MUSCLE OR CAT ,ARGELY UNKNOWN IS THE FACT THAT RARELY HEARD OF A BIOLOGY CLASS WHERE
ACTION AND ELEMENTS OF EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY THIS APPROACH DATES FROM EDUCATIONAL THE STUDENTS INVESTIGATED THE LIVING
GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSES AND NUMEROUS REFORMS INSTITUTED BY $ARWINS CONTEM
ANIMALS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE CLASS
TH
OTHER PROCESSES CAN BE INVESTIGATED USING PORARY 4HOMAS (ENRY (UXLEY IN THE ROOM DISSECTIONS 4O PUT IT BRIEmY
THE STUDENTS THEMSELVES AS EXPERIMENTAL CENTURY IN 'REAT "RITAIN ,OST ALTOGETHER VERY FEW STUDENT DISSECTORS EVER LEARN
SUBJECTS !T LEAST ONE MANUFACTURER OF IS (UXLEYS INSISTENCE THAT SUCH STUDIES WHAT A GRASSHOPPER IS REALLY LIKE AND
PHYSIOLOGY APPARATUS FOR INSTRUCTIONAL BE PREFACED BY DIRECT ACQUAINTANCE WITH FEW WILL WISH TO UNDERTAKE A CLOSER
PURPOSES HAS ESTABLISHED AN ON
LINE USER THESE LIFE FORMS AS LIVING CREATURES LIVE STUDY OF THESE ANIMALS AFTER THEY LEAVE
SITE FOR THE SHARING OF EXPERIENCE AND THE SPECIMENS OF REPRESENTATIVE PHYLA WERE TO THE CLASSROOM ;=
COLLECTION OF USEFUL IDEAS AND INNOVATIONS BE INCLUDED IN CLASSROOM STUDY AND STU
(,
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
:FCC<><<;L:8K@FE
)T IS DIFlCULT IF NOT IMPOSSIBLE TO OBTAIN RE NOT BE SURPRISED BY THEIR UNCRITICAL ACCEP INSTRUCTION "IOLOGY CANNOT BE TAUGHT
LIABLE DATA ON JUST HOW MANY ANIMALS ARE TANCE OF EVERY NEW SCIENTIlC METHODOLOGY IN AN ETHICAL VACUUM
DISSECTED EACH YEAR IN !MERICAN SCHOOLS THAT COMES ALONG 4AUGHT BY SUCH METHODS
AND COLLEGES BUT & "ARBARA /RLANS HAS
ESTIMATED THAT SOME SIX MILLION VERTE
STUDENTS CANNOT ADDRESS THE ETHICISTS
FUNDAMENTAL CONCERN REGARDING WHAT SCI
BRATE ANIMALS ARE DISSECTED YEARLY IN HIGH ENCE CAN DO AND WHETHER SCIENCE OUGHT
&INALLY THERE IS A GENUINE NEED TO
REDIRECT SOME CONSIDERABLE POR
TION OF THE BIOLOGY CURRICULUM AT ALL
SCHOOLS ALONE WITH ADDITIONAL UNKNOWN TO DO IT 4AUGHT IN THIS WAY STUDENTS LEVELS OF SCHOOLING FROM PRIMARY TO
NUMBERS USED IN COLLEGES MIDDLE AND MAY WELL CONCLUDE THAT THE PROCEDURES UNDERGRADUATE FROM THE HIGHLY ANA
ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS #OMPARABLE NUMBERS EMPLOYED IN THEIR LABORATORY COURSES NO LYTICAL APPROACH THAT CHARACTERIZES SO
OF INVERTEBRATES ARE PROBABLY USED AS WELL MATTER HOW THESE MAY INJURE OR DESTROY MUCH OF CONTEMPORARY INSTRUCTION TO
/BJECTIONS BY STUDENTS TO ANIMAL DISSEC ANIMAL LIFE ARE FULLY JUSTIlABLE BECAUSE A MORE EXPERIENTIAL PARTICIPATION IN
TION ESPECIALLY AT THE SECONDARY SCHOOL THE PROCEDURE IS @SCIENTIlC AND THEY ARE THE NATURAL PROCESSES THAT SURROUND
LEVEL HAVE INCREASED SUBSTANTIALLY IN @JUST DOING SCIENCE "UT IN ORDER TO ADDRESS AND SUPPORT US AS HUMAN BEINGS !S
RECENT YEARS AND ARGUMENTS AGAINST THIS THIS PROBLEM IT WILL NOT SUFlCE ) THINK TO ) HAVE WRITTEN ELSEWHERE h!N OVERLY
FORM OF STUDY HAVE BEEN ENUMERATED REQUIRE STUDENTS TO TAKE AN ETHICS COURSE ANALYTICAL APPROACH ESPECIALLY ONE IN
SOMEWHERE IN THEIR CURRICULUM 3UCH WHICH ANIMALS ARE HARMED OR KILLED
%4()#!, #/.3)$%2!4)/.3 ). 4(% MATTERS MUST BE FULLY INTEGRATED INTO THE TENDS TO ALIENATE THE STUDENT AND SEVER
")/,/'9 #522)#5,5- FABRIC OF THEIR PROGRAM OF STUDY AT SEVERAL THE AFlNITIES THAT MAKE REAL LEARNING
4HERE IS ) BELIEVE A PRESSING NEED TO LEVELS AND QUESTIONS OF ETHICS MUST BE POSSIBLE 4AUGHT BY THESE METHODS
EVALUATE THE EXTENT TO WHICH SCIENCE CUR CONSIDERED REGULARLY 3IGNIlCANTLY THERE STUDENTS LEARN THE MECHANICS OF LIFE
RICULA IN THE 5NITED 3TATES ARE COMMITTED IS PERHAPS NO BETTER POINT OF APPROACH IN BUT THEY DO NOT ESTABLISH THE KIND OF
TO AN EXAMINATION OF THE ETHICAL DIMEN THIS REGARD FOR THE STUDENT AND TEACHER CARING PARTICIPATORY RELATIONSHIP WITH
SIONS OF THEIR COURSE CONTENT #URRENT DE THAN A CONSIDERATION OF ANIMAL USE AND THE NATURAL WORLD WHICHxIS THE POINT
VELOPMENTS IN REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY GENE ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES WITHIN THE BIOLOGY OF IT ALL "IOLOGY IS AFTER ALL THE STUDY
TRANSFER ANIMAL CLONING AND OTHER RE CURRICULUM ITSELF %VERY TEACHER IN THE OF LIFEv ;= 0ERHAPS IN THE FUTURE
LATED STUDIES HAVE LIFE SCIENCES WILL HAVE AMPLE OPPORTUNITY MANY OF THE INVASIVE AND HARMFUL PRO
4HIS ARTICLE IS PROBABLY LED TO THE TO RAISE SUCH MATTERS WITH PUPILS AND CEDURES USED SO WIDELY TODAY WILL BE
ADAPTED FROM A BEGINNINGS OF SUCH THE TEACHER WILL LIKELY DISCOVER THAT THESE RELEGATED TOGETHER WITH MY OLD KYMO
PLENARY LECTURE AT AN AWARENESS BUT CONVERSATIONS CAN PROVIDE THE FRAMEWORK GRAPH TO THE SCRAP HEAP AND THE SCI
THE 4HIRD 7ORLD ) ALSO KNOW FROM FOR A NEW ETHOS REGARDING OUR RELATIONS TO ENCE MUSEUM 4HEN WE WILL GRATEFULLY
#ONGRESS ON !L PERSONAL EXPERI THE ANIMAL WORLD -AY ) HOPE THAT MANY NOTE THAT THE PHRASE hHUMANE EDUCA
TERNATIVES AND ENCE THAT MOST TEACHERS WILL AVAIL THEMSELVES OF THIS CHAL TIONv HAS BECOME A REDUNDANCY N
!NIMAL 5SE IN THE SCIENCE TEACHING LENGE
,IFE 3CIENCES IN AT MY OWN UNIVER 2%&%2%.#%3
"OLOGNA )TALY IN SITY AND OTHER IN 4/7!2$ 4(% &5452% + RUTCH *7 4HE 'REAT #HAIN OF ,IFE
3EPTEMBER STITUTIONS FOCUSES
CHIEmY ON THE
SCIENTIlC ASPECTS OF THE MATERIAL AT HAND
)NCREASINGLY BIOLOGY INSTRUCTORS
MUST BE MADE AWARE OF THE ENOR
MOUS VARIETY OF ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES
.EW 9ORK 0YRAMID "OOKS
2USSELL '+ h6IVISECTION AND THE 4RUE
!IMS OF %DUCATION IN "IOLOGYv !MERI
WITH LITTLE OR NO REGARD FOR ETHICAL CONTEXT THAT EXIST BOTH TO INVASIVE ANIMAL
CAN "IOLOGY 4EACHER
)N MY EXPERIENCE ETHICAL QUESTIONS ARE STUDY AND ANIMAL DISSECTION 4HIS
SOMETIMES RELEGATED TO A SINGLE COURSE IN LARGE CORPUS OF ALTERNATIVES CONSTI 2USSELL '+ ,ABORATORY )NVESTIGATIONS
THE CURRICULUM POSSIBLY A CLASS IN BIOETH TUTES AN ON GOING SUCCESS STORY BUT IN (UMAN 0HYSIOLOGY
ICS OR MORE LIKELY OMITTED ALTOGETHER ONLY A PARTIAL SUCCESS !LTERNATIVES .EW 9ORK -ACMILLAN
WILL BECOME MORE WIDELY USED WHEN
2USSELL '+ "IOLOGY THE 3TUDY OF ,IFE
4O TAKE UP SUCH MATTERS IN COURSES ON THEY ARE MORE GENERALLY KNOWN AND
/RION
PSYCHOLOGY OR BIOLOGY WITHOUT FULL CONSID UNDERSTOOD !ND THERE IS A REAL NEED
ERATION OF THE ETHICAL CONTEXT IS TO TEACH FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE MANY EXIST /RLANS &" )N THE .AME OF 3CIENCE
DE FACTO A LESSON IN ETHICS 4HE IMPLICIT ING ALTERNATIVES SO THAT INTERESTED )SSUES IN 2ESPONSIBLE !NIMAL %XPERI
MESSAGE FOR THE STUDENT IN BRIEF IS THAT INSTRUCTORS CAN INTELLIGENTLY SELECT MENTATION .EW 9ORK /XFORD 0RESS
ETHICAL CONCERNS SIMPLY DO NOT COUNT OR PROCEDURES SUITED TO THEIR PARTICULAR
MATTER )F WE NEVER QUESTION WITH OUR TEACHING REQUIREMENTS 'EORGE 2USSELL IS A 0ROFESSOR OF "IOLOGY AT !DEL
PHI 5NIVERSITY IN 'ARDEN #ITY .EW 9ORK (E IS
STUDENTS WHETHER OR NOT A GIVEN LINE OF
ALSO THE AUTHOR OF ,ABORATORY )NVESTIGATIONS
EXPERIMENTATION IS SUITABLE OR JUSTIlABLE
WE SHOULD NOT BE SURPRISED BY THEIR IN
ABILITY TO FORM ETHICAL JUDGEMENTS ABOUT
!S SUGGESTED ABOVE THERE IS A FUN
DAMENTAL NEED FOR THE INCLUSION OF
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS WITHIN THE CON
IN (UMAN 0HYSIOLOGY -ACMILLAN AND
FOUNDING %DITOR OF /2)/. MAGAZINE
THIS ISSUE OR ANY OTHER ONE AND WE SHOULD TEXT OF SCIENCE TEACHING AT ALL LEVELS OF
(-
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
#ONSCIENTIOUS
/BJECTION
7ORKING TO /VERCOME THE
"UREAUCRACY
!S AN ANIMAL LOVER WITH A BELIEF IN ) LATER RECEIVED 53&´S NEW POLICY ON UNDERGRADUATE DISSEC
TION WHICH STATED THAT IT WAS UP TO THE PROFESSOR TO DECIDE
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT BIOLOGY WHETHER THE ALTERNATIVES WERE FEASIBLE (OWEVER MY
SEEMED LIKE A NATURAL CHOICE OF STUDY FOR PROFESSOR HAD MADE A DECISION WITHOUT EVEN TAKING THE
ME )N MY EARLY STUDIES AT THE 5NIVERSITY TIME TO VIEW THE ALTERNATIVES ) HAD PROVIDED 4HE HEAD OF
THE "IOLOGY $EPARTMENT TOLD ME THAT ) WOULD HAVE TO PURSUE
OF 3OUTH &LORIDA 53& ) WAS TOLD ) WOULD A MICROBIOLOGY COURSE OF STUDY EFFECTIVELY ADDING ANOTHER
HAVE TO PARTICIPATE IN DISSECTIONS ! VEG
YEAR TO MY GRADUATION DATE AND MAKING ME PURSUE A ½ELD )
WAS NOT INTERESTED IN
ETARIAN SINCE AND A LONG
TIME ANIMAL
RIGHTS ACTIVIST ) RAN TO MY PROFESSOR PAN
"ETWEEN A ROCK AND A HARD PLACE ) CONTACTED A WONDERFUL AN
IMAL
RIGHTS ATTORNEY WHO REPRESENTED ME PRO
BONO 3HORTLY
ICKED BEGGING FOR SOME ALTERNATIVE "UT AFTER MY ATTORNEY ISSUED A LETTER TO THE SCHOOL 53& RESPOND
LUCKILY ) DIDN´T NEED TO WORRY ° HE TOLD ED BY SAYING THAT IT HAD CREATED A PLANT PHYSIOLOGY CLASS
ME ALTERNATIVES WERE JUST ½NE AND ) USED WHICH WOULD SERVE AS AN OPTION FOR ME TO GRADUATE WITH A
BIOLOGY DEGREE ) WOULD NOT HAVE TO DISSECT OR KILL ANIMALS
THEM AND COMPLETED THE CLASS WITH AN ! BUT THE VICTORY WAS BITTERSWEET .OT ONLY DOES THE 5NIVERSITY
) HAD NO IDEA THAT SOON ) WOULD MEET A CONTINUE TO LOOK CALLOUSLY ON AN ANIMALS LIFE AND THE MORAL
BELIEFS OF A STUDENT BUT STUDENTS WHO WANT TO STUDY ANIMALS
SIGNI½CANT AMOUNT OF OPPOSITION DUE TO WITHOUT HURTING THEM ARE PRE
MY MORAL BELIEFS VENTED FROM DOING SO
5PON ENTERING MY SENIOR YEAR -Y ATTORNEY REASSURED ME
A COURSE REQUIRED WAS !NIMAL THAT WHEN MY GENERATION
0HYSIOLOGY WHICH REQUIRED THE IS IN CHARGE WE WILL BE THE
KILLING AS WELL AS DISSECTION OF ONES TO MAKE CHANGE )N THE
LIVE ANIMALS 7HEN ) INQUIRED MEANTIME A LOCAL ANIMAL
ABOUT ALTERNATIVES ONE PRO
RIGHTS GROUP HAS EXTENDED
FESSOR WHO TAUGHT THE CLASS ITS PROTESTS OF 53&´S !NIMAL
SLAMMED THE DOOR IN MY FACE -EDICAL ,ABS TO THE UNDER
AND SAID HE WOULD NOT DISCUSS GRADUATE BUILDINGS 7E ALSO
THEM 4HE CLASS´S ONLY OTHER HANDED STUDENT SIG
PROFESSOR WHOM ) KNEW FROM NATURES TO THE $EAN OF 53&
PREVIOUSLY STUDYING UNDER ASKING FOR COMPUTER OR MODEL
HIM TOLD ME OVER THE PHONE ALTERNATIVES TO DISSECTION !S
HE WOULD SPEAK TO ME ABOUT IT DRAINING AS THIS EXPERIENCE
BUT WASN´T SURE ±YOU COULD BE WAS IT OPENED MY EYES TO THE
A BIOLOGIST WITHOUT DISSECTING DIF½CULTY THAT STUDENTS FACE
ANIMALS² )N THE MEANTIME ) AND ) HOPE TO WORK AT THE
CONTACTED !!63 AND WAS ARMED WITH COMPUTER ALTERNATIVES GOVERNMENTAL LEVEL TO MAKE CHANGES SO THAT NO STUDENT WILL
THAT COMPLETELY MIMICKED EVERYTHING WE WOULD DO IN CLASS HAVE TO FEEL THREATENED BECAUSE OF HIS OR HER MORAL BELIEF
ALONG WITH INFORMATION THAT MANY UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL THAT ANIMALS ARE SENTIENT BEINGS AS DESERVING OF RIGHTS AS
AND VETERINARY SCHOOLS INCLUDING )VY ,EAGUE #OLLEGES HAD WE ARE
COMPUTER ALTERNATIVES°PROVING ) COULD BECOMING A BIOLO
GIST WITHOUT KILLING ANIMALS
3TACY $E
,IN IS A SENIOR MAJORING IN BIOLOGY AT THE 5NIVERSITY OF 3OUTH
(OWEVER WHEN ) CALLED THE PROFESSOR BACK TO SCHEDULE A TIME &LORIDA 3HE HOPES TO START HER CAREER IN THE ANIMAL PROTECTION ½ELD OR
TO MEET HE SAID HE HAD DECIDED HE WOULD NOT MEET WITH ME ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
(.
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
?@>?J:?FFC<;L:8K@FE
(IGH 3CHOOL $ISSECTION
"UT .OT 9ET
(/
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
"Y *ONATHAN "ALCOMBE 0H$
7HEN ) RE¾ ECT ON MY HIGH SCHOOL DISSECTION EXPERI
ENCES ) AM SURPRISED THAT THINGS HAVE NOT CHANGED
MORE IN THE INTERVENING QUARTER CENTURY ESPECIALLY
GIVEN THE MARKED ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY THAT HAVE
OCCURRED 7E DISSECTED FETAL PIGS AND CATS IN MY
ADVANCED CLASS FOR STUDENTS AIMING AT SCIENCE CAREERS
$ISSECTION THEN AS NOW REEKED OF TRADITION AS MUCH
AS THE HALLS REEKED OF FORMALDEHYDE FUMES
.OWHERE IS THIS PROGRESS MORE APPARENT THAN
IN THE NUMBER AND DIVERSITY OF ALTERNATIVES NOW
AVAILABLE TO STUDENTS 4HE ONLINE ./2).! DATA
BASE LAUNCHED IN LISTS OVER AUDIOVISU
AL MATERIALS FOR LEARNING WITHOUT HARMING
S ONE WHO HAD GROWN UP TO BEHEAD ADULT LOCUSTS WITH SCISSORS THOSE SEEKING KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT CARNAGE
LIVING WITH CATS CATCHING 4HAT STUDENT WAS ) -Y PROTEST LED TO THERE ARE NOW BOOKS SCIENTIl C PAPERS
SNAKES THEN RELEASING THE SOMEWHAT LESS DISTURBING OPTION BROCHURES LAWS AND POLICIES HUMANE
THEM AND RESCUING OF ANESTHETIZING THE ANIMAL WITH ETHER ALTERNATIVE LEARNING MATERIALS HEREAFTER
INSECTS FROM SWIMMING BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH THE DISSECTION @ALTERNATIVES DATABASES FOR ALTERNATIVES
POOLS ) NEVER FELT COMFORTABLE WITH AND EVEN ALTERNATIVES LOAN PROGRAMS
5NQUESTIONABLY THINGS HAVE PROGRESSED
DISSECTION "UT LIKE LEGIONS OF HIGH SCHOOL SINCE THE LATE S !T THAT TIME
STUDENTS WHO LOVE ANIMALS ) LACKED THE COMPUTERS WERE ONLY BEGINNING TO APPEAR 4HE !LTERNATIVES
FORTITUDE TO QUESTION MY TEACHER ABOUT IN SCHOOLS THERE WERE NO ALTERNATIVES TO .OWHERE IS THIS PROGRESS MORE APPARENT
IT !FTER ALL SHE WAS IN CHARGE SHE DISSECTIONS AND NO ORGANIZATIONS WERE THAN IN THE NUMBER AND DIVERSITY OF
OBVIOUSLY THOUGHT THAT CUTTING UP DEAD KNOWN TO OFFER SUPPORT TO STUDENTS WHO ALTERNATIVES NOW AVAILABLE TO STUDENTS
ANIMALS WAS THE BEST WAY FOR US TO LEARN THOUGHT IT WRONG TO STUDY ANIMALS BY 4HE FORTHCOMING ND EDITION OF THE
BIOLOGY AND SHE WOULD BE DIVVYING OUT HARMING THEM "UT AS THE ANIMAL RIGHTS )NTER.)#(% )NTERNATIONAL .ETWORK FOR
THE GRADES AT THE END OF TERM 4HE l RST MOVEMENT GATHERED MOMENTUM MORAL (UMANE %DUCATION BOOK FROM 'UINEA
TIME ) WITNESSED A STUDENT QUESTIONING A OBJECTIONS TO DISSECTION HAVE GAINED 0IG TO #OMPUTER -OUSE *UKES AND #HIUIA
CLASSROOM EXERCISE INVOLVING ANIMALS WAS LEGITIMACY 4ODAY COUNTLESS PRO ANIMAL IN PRESS DETAILS PRODUCTS IN OVER
IN AN UNDERGRADUATE ENTOMOLOGY COURSE ORGANIZATIONS ARE CAMPAIGNING FOR REFORMS DISCIPLINES WHERE HARMFUL ANIMAL USE IS
WHEN SOMEONE PROTESTED OUR INSTRUCTION IN LIFE SCIENCE TEACHING )N SUPPORT OF BEING REPLACED BY MODERN TEACHING TOOLS
(0
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
?@>?J:?FFC<;L:8K@FE
AND APPROACHES 4HE %THICAL 3CIENCE $ISSECTION PROVIDES UNIQUE EXPERIENCES MORE THAN WERE COVERED IN FROG DISSECTIONS
#OALITIONS %3%# 2ESOURCE 2OOM TO BE SURE SUCH AS THE FEEL AND TEXTURE AT MY SCHOOL 4O THOSE WHO WOULD SHUN
CONTAINS MORE THAN BOOKS VIDEOS OF TISSUES AND ORGANSTHOUGH EVEN ALTERNATIVES THAT REQUIRE NO DISK DRIVE
AND DOZENS OF MODELS AND COMPUTER THESE ARE DISTORTED AND DISCOLORED BY THE NOTE THAT WHILE COMPUTERS HAVE EVOLVED
PROGRAMS AVAILABLE FOR USE 4HE ONLINE PRESERVATION PROCESS (OWEVER ALTERNATIVES REMARKABLY SINCE THE 'REAT !MERICAN
./2).! DATABASE LAUNCHED IN ALSO PRESENT LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES THAT "ULLFROGS APPEARANCE BULLFROG ANATOMY
LISTS OVER AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS FOR DISSECTIONS CANNOT SUCH AS ANIMATIONS AND HAS NOT
LEARNING WITHOUT HARMING SIMULATED mY THROUGHS OF BODY SYSTEMS
%ASY ACCESS TO ALTERNATIVES IS IMPORTANT
THE IMMEDIATE LINKING OF GROSS WITH lNE
7HICH OF THESE ALTERNATIVES ARE THE BEST ANATOMY EG HISTOLOGY BUILT IN QUIZZES IF THEY ARE GOING TO BE USED &ORTUNATELY
.O RIGOROUS SCIENTIlC SURVEY HAS BEEN CONTEXTUAL LESSONS EG $IGITAL &ROGS THERE ARE MANY WAYS TO INVESTIGATE
DONE SO ONE IS LEFT GUESSING THAT USAGE ECOLOGY AND DIVERSITY COMPONENTS AND
OBTAIN AND IMPLEMENT ALTERNATIVES TODAY
PATTERNS ARE THE BEST INDICATOR OF QUALITY INTRINSIC REPEATABILITY A DEAD ANIMAL CAN
,OAN PROGRAMS INCLUDE !NIMALEARNS
(OPEFULLY THE BEST ALTERNATIVES WILL TEND BE DISSECTED ONLY ONCE
4HE 3CIENCE "ANK 4HE (353S (UMANE
TO OUTSELL THEIR COMPETITORS AND MORE OF %DUCATION ,OAN 0ROGRAM (%,0 AND
THEM WILL lND THEIR WAY INTO CLASSROOMS !LTERNATIVES NEED NOT BE HIGH TECH THOSE OF %3%# AND THE .ATIONAL !NTI
!DMINISTRATORS OF THE LOAN PROGRAMS AT THE COMPUTER BASED TOOLS TO BE EFFECTIVE 4HE 6IVISECTION 3OCIETY .!63 WHO ALSO
!MERICAN !NTI 6IVISECTION 3OCIETY !!63 'REAT !MERICAN "ULLFROG HAS BEEN AROUND OPERATE THE $ISSECTION (OTLINE
AND 4HE (UMANE 3OCIETY OF THE 5NITED FOR DECADES AND IT REMAINS A COMMERCIALLY &2/' "ORROWERS ARE ABOUT EVENLY
3TATES (353 REPORT THAT THE MATERIALS SUCCESSFUL LEARNING RESOURCE 4HIS HAND DIVIDED BETWEEN TEACHERS AND STUDENTS
LISTED BELOW RECEIVE THE HIGHEST PRAISE PAINTED OVERSIZE PLASTIC MODEL INCLUDES "EYOND .ORTH !MERICA THE )NTERNATIONAL
FROM BORROWERS OVER LABELED STRUCTURES ABOUT .ETWORK FOR (UMANE %DUCATION
7()#(ß!,4%2.!4)6%3ß!2%ß4(%ß"%34
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PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
)NTER.)#(% HAS AN ACTIVE ALTERNATIVES ALTERNATIVE CAN SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ACTUAL ISSUES AND REQUESTING ALTERNATIVES WHEN
LOAN PROGRAM AND THE RECENTLY ESTABLISHED EXPERIENCE OF DISSECTION OR OTHER USE OF FACED WITH DISSECTIONS !ND MORE TEACHERS
%UROPEAN 2ESEARCH #ENTER FOR !LTERNATIVES ANIMALS v AND hURGES TEACHERS TO BE AWARE ARE RECOGNIZING THE ADVANTAGES OFFERED BY
%52#! IS EXPLORING NEW MECHANISMS OF THE LIMITATIONS OF ALTERNATIVESv #LEARLY ALTERNATIVES
FOR EFFECTIVE DISSEMINATION OF ALTERNATIVES THESE STATEMENTS ARE MEANT TO IMPLY THAT
INFORMATION TO INSTRUCTORS ! BASIC ETHICAL PRINCIPLE ASSERTS THAT IF
DISSECTION IS A BETTER LEARNING METHOD AND WE HAVE A CHOICE BETWEEN TWO EFFECTIVE
4HESE PROGRAMS ARE PUBLICIZED IN A AS SUCH THEY VIOLATE SCIENTIlC EVIDENCE TO WAYS OF ACHIEVING SOMETHINGONE THAT
VARIETY OF WAYS ADVERTISEMENTS IN SEVERAL THE CONTRARY /NE MUST THEREFORE CONCLUDE CAUSES PAIN SUFFERING AND DEATH AND
.ATIONAL 3CIENCE 4EACHERS !SSOCIATION THAT THE .!"4S STANCE ON DISSECTION AND THE OTHER THAT DOES NOTTHEN ETHICAL
PUBLICATIONS IN THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION OF ALTERNATIVES IS POLITICAL NOT SCIENTIlC /NE CONDUCT DICTATES USING THE LATTER METHOD
"IOLOGY 4EACHERS PERIODICAL 4HE !MERICAN LIKELY FACTOR IS THAT THE SALE OF PRESERVED $ISSECTION AND ALTERNATIVES PRESENT JUST
"IOLOGY 4EACHER AS WELL AS IN CONFERENCE SPECIMENS CONTINUES TO BE A PROlTABLE SUCH A CHOICE !S MORE AND MORE STUDENTS
PROGRAMS OF THESE TWO ASSOCIATIONS WHERE ENTERPRISE FOR THE COMPANIES THAT SUPPLY OBJECT CONSCIENTIOUSLY AS MORE STATES
THEY ARE DISPLAYED FOR TEACHERS TO VIEW SCHOOLS WITH EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS FOR AND SCHOOL BOARDS PASS LAWS REQUIRING
"UT DESPITE THE PROGRESS DESCRIBED ABOVE ITS PACE
STILL RESEMBLES EVOLUTION MORE THAN REVOLUTION
!SK A BIOLOGY TEACHER WHETHER A #$
2/- PRO
VIDES THE SAME EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE AS DOES A
DISSECTION AND MOST WILL PROBABLY SAY IT DOES NOT
AND PURCHASE &URTHER ADVERTISING IS BIOLOGY AND THAT THESE COMPANIES PAY SCHOOLS TO MAKE ALTERNATIVES AVAILABLE
DONE ON TEACHER WEBSITES AND SOON ON HANDSOME FEES FOR THEIR LARGE EXHIBITS AT TO STUDENTS WHO REQUEST THEM AS MORE
STUDENT WEBSITES #URRENTLY USE OF THESE .!"4 CONVENTIONS !NOTHER FACTOR MAY TEACHERS ADOPT ALTERNATIVES AND AS NEWER
PROGRAMS IS MODEST RANGING FROM ABOUT BE A TACIT UNWILLINGNESS TO CONCEDE ANY AND BETTER ALTERNATIVES ARE DEVELOPED THE
TO BORROWERS PER YEAR (OWEVER SCIENTIlC POINT TO A MOVEMENT WHOSE FUTURE LOOKS BRIGHTER FOR HUMANE BIOLOGY
EACH LOAN PUTS AT LEAST ONE AND USUALLY BROADER GOALS THREATEN THE STATUS QUO TEACHING AND DIMMER FOR THE BUSINESS OF
SEVERAL PREVIOUSLY UNSEEN LEARNING TOOLS WHAT WE EAT WHAT WE WEAR AND HOW WE KILLING TO TEACH N
IN A SCIENCE CLASSROOM WHICH FACILITATES ADVANCE MEDICINE FOR EXAMPLE
AWARENESS OF THESE MATERIALS 2EADINGS
,OOKING !HEAD "ALCOMBE *0 4HE
4HE 2ESISTANCE 5SE OF !NIMALS IN (IGHER
) BELIEVE THAT CURRENT SUCH RESISTANCE
"UT DESPITE THE PROGRESS DESCRIBED %DUCATION 0ROBLEMS
TO ALTERNATIVES WILL BE OVERCOME WITH
ABOVE ITS PACE STILL RESEMBLES EVOLUTION !LTERNATIVES AND
CONTINUED EXPOSURE TO ALTERNATIVES 4HE
MORE THAN REVOLUTION !SK A BIOLOGY 2ECOMMENDATIONS (UMANE 3OCIETY 0RESS
TRAINING OF ALL FUTURE BIOLOGY TEACHERS
TEACHER WHETHER A #$
2/- PROVIDES THE 7ASHINGTON $#
SHOULD INCLUDE A MODULE ON DISSECTION
SAME EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE AS DOES A
ALTERNATIVES )N THE MEANTIME WHILE THE
DISSECTION AND MOST WILL PROBABLY SAY IT "ALCOMBE *0 $ISSECTION 4HE
EVOLUTION OF BIOLOGY EDUCATION AWAY FROM
DOES NOT !ND THEY WOULD BE RIGHT !SK 3CIENTIlC #ASE FOR !LTERNATIVES *OURNAL
THE BARBARIC PRACTICE OF KILLING CUTTING
THEM WHETHER DISSECTION PROVIDES A BETTER OF !PPLIED !NIMAL 7ELFARE 3CIENCE
AND DISCARDING ANIMALS IS A SLOW ONE ALL
EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE THAN A GOOD #$
INDICATIONS ARE THAT CHANGE IS MOVING
2/- AND ) SUSPECT MOST WOULD SAY THAT IT
IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION 4HE BREADTH AND *UKES . #HIUIA - EDS IN PRESS FROM
DOES !ND THEY WOULD BE WRONG !S ) HAVE
SOPHISTICATION OF ALTERNATIVES AVAILABILITY 'UINEA 0IG TO #OMPUTER -OUSE ND
SHOWN ELSEWHERE "ALCOMBE
GROWS STEADILY -ORE STATES AND SCHOOL %DITION )NTER.)#(% ,EICESTER 5+
THERE IS AMPLE EVIDENCE FROM PUBLISHED
BOARDS ARE ADOPTING LAWS REQUIRING
SCIENTIlC STUDIES THAT STUDENTS ACQUIRE AT
HUMANE ALTERNATIVES TO BE MADE AVAILABLE *ONATHAN "ALCOMBE RECEIVED HIS 0H$ IN
LEAST AS MUCH KNOWLEDGE USING ALTERNATIVES
-OST RECENTLY IN !PRIL THE NATIONS ETHOLOGY FROM THE 5NIVERSITY OF 4ENNESSEE
AS THEY DO DISSECTING ONCE
LIVING CREATURES
SIXTH LARGEST SCHOOL BOARD#LARK #OUNTY (E WORKED EIGHT YEARS FOR 4HE (UMANE 3OCIETY
.EVADARATIlED SUCH A POLICY IN RESPONSE OF THE 5NITED 3TATES AND IS CURRENTLY A
"UT CAN YOU FAULT BIOLOGY TEACHERS FOR
RESEARCH COORDINATOR WITH )MMERSION -EDI
CLINGING TO A BELIEF THAT DISSECTION TO THE EFFORTS OF ONE CONSCIENTIOUSLY
CAL A MEDICAL SIMULATION COMPANY (E IS THE
IS SUPERIOR 4HEIR OWN PROFESSIONAL OBJECTING STUDENT A DECISION AFFECTING AUTHOR OF 4HE 5SE OF !NIMALS IN (IGHER
ASSOCIATION THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION OF STUDENTS -ORE STUDENTS ARE %DUCATION 0ROBLEMS !LTERNATIVES AND
"IOLOGY 4EACHERS .!"4 STATES hxNO GROWING UP WITH AN AWARENESS OF ANIMAL 2ECOMMENDATIONS
)(
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
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0OWERFULß0OLICIESßß
C\^XccpDXb`e^X;`]]\i\eZ\
]fi8e`dXcj`e<[lZXk`fe
ß 4ODAY STUDENT CHOICE LAWS EXIST STUDENTS MAY HAVE TO FACE LEGAL BATTLES
FOR STUDENTS BELOW THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL INDIVIDUALS CAN AND DO MAKE A DIFFERENCE
IN #ALIFORNIA &LORIDA )LLINOIS .EW 9ORK 7HAT STUDENTS NEED TO KNOW IS THAT
0ENNSYLVANIA AND 2HODE )SLAND WHILE THEY HAVE THE RIGHT TO HAVE THEIR BELIEFS
OTHER STATES WITH INFORMAL POLICIES IN RESPECTED REGARDLESS OF WHETHER OR NOT A
CLUDE ,OUISIANA -AINE AND -ARYLAND STATE LAW HAS BEEN PASSED !CCORDING TO
,EGISLATION IS PENDING IN $ELAWARE THE &IRST !MENDMENT OF THE #ONSTITUTION
-ASSACHUSETTS .EW *ERSEY AND 6ERMONT WHICH GUARANTEES PEOPLE FREEDOM OF RELI
4HESE LAWS TYPICALLY REQUIRE THE SCHOOL GION STUDENTS HAVE THE RIGHT NOT TO HARM
TO NOTIFY STUDENTS ANDOR THEIR PARENTS AT AN ANIMAL FOR AN EDUCATIONAL LESSON IF IT
THE BEGINNING OF THE COURSE WHEN ANIMAL COMPROMISES THEIR ETHICAL OR RELIGIOUS
DISSECTION IS PART OF THAT CLASS 4HEY ALLOW BELIEFS
A STUDENT TO CHOOSE HUMANE ALTERNATIVES )F A STUDENT IS REQUIRED TO DISSECT
AND THE LAWS REQUIRE THAT STUDENTS WHO AND HE OR SHE ETHICALLY REFUSES TO DO SO
CHOOSE TO OPT OUT OF DISSECTING NOT BE PE THERE ARE MANY THINGS THAT THE STUDENT CAN
NALIZED FOR DOING SO DO MAKE HIS OR HER OPINION HEARD &IRST
7HILE COUNTRIES SUCH AS !RGENTINA TALK TO OTHER STUDENTS AND SEE IF THEY FEEL
.ORWAY AND 3WITZERLAND HAVE BANNED DIS THE SAME WAY YOU DO !LSO EXPLAIN YOUR
SECTION FOR SECONDARY STUDENTS STUDENTS IN FEELINGS TO YOUR PARENTS IT HELPS TO HAVE
THE 53 HAVE HAD TO CONSTANTLY ½GHT THEIR AS MUCH SUPPORT AS POSSIBLE IF YOU PLAN TO
TEACHERS ANDOR SCHOOL BOARDS OR USE THE LE CONFRONT THE TEACHER ANDOR SCHOOL BOARD
GAL SYSTEM IN ORDER TO BE GIVEN AN ALTERNA 9OUR NEXT STEP IS TO EDUCATE THE SCHOOL
TIVE TO DISSECTION !ND WHAT THEY ARE DOING BOARD AND SCIENCE TEACHERS ABOUT THE VALID
IS MAKING A DIFFERENCE FOR ANIMALS USED IN ITY OF ALTERNATIVES !NIMALEARN CAN HELP
EDUCATION BY SENDING INFORMATION ABOUT 4HE 3CIENCE
*ENIFER 'RAHAM WAS THE ½RST HIGH "ANK OUR ALTERNATIVES TO DISSECTION LOAN
SCHOOL STUDENT TO USE THE LEGAL SYSTEM TO PROGRAM AND OTHER DISSECTION RELATED MA
½GHT DISSECTION (ER CASE LED TO THE CREATION TERIALS THAT WILL HELP YOUR TEACHERS AND THE
OF THE ½RST STUDENTS´ CHOICE LAW IN THE 53 BOARD UNDERSTAND WHY OTHER SCHOOLS AND
WHICH WAS PASSED IN IN #ALIFORNIA STATES HAVE RECOGNIZED THE NECESSITY OF IN
2ECENTLY .EVADA STUDENT ,AURIE 7OLFF RE STITUTING STUDENTS´ CHOICE POLICIES N
QUESTED THAT THE #LARK #OUNTY SCHOOL BOARD
&ORßMOREßINFORMATIONßONßORDERINGßALTERNATIVESßFORßYOURß
USE ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL DISSECTION !FTER CLASSßORßADVICEßONßIMPLEMENTINGßAßSTUDENTS´ßCHOICEßPOLICYß
REVIEWING SEVERAL ALTERNATIVES THE BOARD ATßYOURßSCHOOL ßPLEASEßCALLßUSßATß ßORßE MAILß
DRAFTED A STUDENTS´ CHOICE AMENDMENT FOR INFO ANIMALEARNORG
THE STUDENTS OF #LARK #OUNTY 3O WHILE
))
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
./.
$)33%#4)/. "!3%$ ")/,/'9
(UNTERDON #ENTRAL 2EGIONAL (IGH 3CHOOL
).42/$5#4)/. )-0,%-%.4!4)/. COMPREHENSION OF THE MATERIAL WAS
(UNTERDON #ENTRAL 2EGIONAL (IGH 3CHOOL $URING THE SCHOOL YEAR BIOL COMMENSURATE IN BOTH COURSES .OT SUR
(#2(3 LOCATED IN .EW *ERSEY IS HOME OGY CLASSES WERE SCHEDULED /F THESE FOUR PRISINGLY AVERAGE SCORES WERE VIRTUALLY
TO APPROXIMATELY STUDENTS (#2(3 WERE NON DISSECTION CLASSES ONE (ONORS IDENTICAL
CURRENTLY OPERATES UNDER A BLOCK SCHEDUL "IOLOGY TWO #0 "IOLOGY AND ONE ,AB
ING SYSTEM FOUR BLOCKS PER DAY "IOLOGY CLASS .%84 34%03
3OPHOMORES ARE REQUIRED TO ENROLL IN 4HE (UMAN 3YSTEMS UNIT IS APPROXI !S LONG AS THERE IS STUDENT SUPPORT NON
A SEMESTER BIOLOGY COURSE )N THE PAST MATELY TWO WEEKS LONG )N ADDITION TO DISSECTION BIOLOGY CLASSES WILL CONTINUE
ALL BIOLOGY COURSES INVOLVED THE DIS LECTURES VIDEOS WORK WITH HUMAN PLASTIC AT (UNTERDON #ENTRAL 4HE NUMBER OF STU
SECTION OF A FETAL PIG TO ACCOMPANY THE MODELS AND LABS STUDENTS INTERACTED DENTS WHO REQUEST THE CLASS DETERMINES
(UMAN 3YSTEMS 5NIT 3TUDENTS SELECTED WITH THE FETAL PIG DISSECTION SIMULATION HOW MANY CLASSES WILL BE OFFERED 4HEY
EITHER (ONORS "IOLOGY #OLLEGE 0REP #0 PROGRAM 4HEY WERE EACH GIVEN A PACKET ARE GIVEN THE CHOICE OF TAKING EITHER A
"IOLOGY OR ,AB "IOLOGY !S OF THE OF QUESTIONS TO ANSWER AND DIAGRAMS DISSECTION BASED OR NON DISSECTION BASED
SCHOOL YEAR STUDENTS CAN ALSO SELECT
FROM (ONORS "IOLOGY .ON $ISSECTION #0 345$%.4 &%%$"!#+
"IOLOGY .ON $ISSECTION AND ,AB "IOLOGY ±) APPRECIATE THE FACT THAT THERE IS
.ON $ISSECTION ±) AM GLAD THAT THIS SCHOOL OFFERS A EVEN THE OPTION OF TAKING A NON DISSEC
NON DISSECTION CLASS AND ) FEEL THAT IT IS TION CLASS AND THE ALTERNATIVE TO TEACH
"!#+'2/5.$ TAUGHT VERY WELL² ING THE ANATOMY UNIT WAS MUCH EASIER
-Y NAME IS "ONNIE "ERENGER ) HAVE TO LEARN THAN THE REAL THING COULD HAVE
BEEN A SCIENCE TEACHER AT (UNTERDON ±4HIS SEMESTER ) ENJOYED "IOLOGY FOR EVER BEEN²
#ENTRAL (IGH 3CHOOL FOR OVER lVE YEARS MANY REASONS 3OME OF MY FAVORITE
4HROUGHOUT THE YEARS ) HAD NOTICED AN THINGS WERE THE GROUP PROJECTS AND ±) WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN ABLE TO HANDLE
INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF STUDENTS WHO NOTES AND THE NON DISSECTION² THE DISSECTION OF A PIG SO THIS CLASS
OPPOSED THE FETAL PIG DISSECTION !FTER ) WAS PERFECT ) HOPE WE GET A .$ ;.ON
DISCUSSED THIS SITUATION WITH MY SUPERVI ±) ESPECIALLY LIKED THIS CLASS BECAUSE $ISSECTION= !NATOMY NEXT²
SOR HE DECIDED TO COLLECT SOME DATA TO IT´S A NON DISSECTION CLASS AND ) HON
DETERMINE IF THERE WAS A NEED TO INCORPO ESTLY THINK ) LEARNED JUST AS MUCH IF NOT ±7HAT ) LIKED ABOUT THIS COURSE WAS
RATE A NON DISSECTION CURRICULUM MORE FROM THE COMPUTER PROGRAM² THE COMPUTER ACTIVITY ) LIKED IT BECAUSE
$URING THE SCHOOL YEAR FRESH IT WAS NOT ONLY FUN BUT IT SEEMED TO
MEN AT (UNTERDON #ENTRAL (IGH 3CHOOL ±"IOLOGY .$ ;.ON $ISSECTION= IS A HELP ME UNDERSTAND THE HUMAN AND PIG
WERE SURVEYED TO ASCERTAIN WHETHER OR NOT GREAT CLASS BECAUSE OF THE VARIATION OF BODY 7ITH YOU EXPLAINING IT AND THE
THEY WOULD ENROLL IN A NON DISSECTION BIOL LEARNING TOOLS ) LIKED NOT HAVING TO¨DIS PROGRAM ) FELT ) KNEW IT LIKE THE BACK OF
OGY CLASS IF GIVEN THE CHANCE 4HE RESULTS SECT A PIG² MY HAND²
OF THE SURVEY SUPPORTED THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF A NON DISSECTION BASED BIOLOGY COURSE
7ITH THE HELP OF !NIMALEARN SEVERAL TO COMPLETE 4HEY USED THE SIMULATION BIOLOGY COURSE
DISSECTION SIMULATION #$S WERE SAMPLED THEIR NOTES HELP OF GROUP MEMBERS AND 3TUDIES WILL CONTINUE TO TRACK STUDENT
BY A GROUP OF TEACHERS 4HE h$RY,AB 0LUS VARIOUS TEXTBOOKS TO ASSIST THEM 4HEY ASSESSMENT 4HESE RESULTS WILL BE PUB
&ETAL 0IGv #$ BEST MET THE REQUIREMENTS ALSO TOOK A COMPUTER QUIZ ON THE VARIOUS LISHED IN VARIOUS SCIENCE EDUCATION PUBLI
OF THE (#2(3 CURRICULUM 4HIS PROGRAM DIAGRAMS !T THE END OF THE UNIT STUDENTS CATIONS
WAS CONSEQUENTLY IMPLEMENTED INTO THE WERE GIVEN INDIVIDUAL TESTS
NON DISSECTION CURRICULUM 0%23/.!, 2%&,%#4)/.
4HE PHOTOGRAPHS IN THE PROGRAM WERE #/.#,53)/.3 ) AM VERY FORTUNATE TO WORK WITH AN
SNAPSHOTS TAKEN AFTER AN ACTUAL DISSEC "EFORE BEGINNING THE (UMAN 3YSTEMS ENCOURAGING SUPERVISOR WHO SUPPORTS
TION 3TUDENTS MOVED THE CURSOR OVER THE UNIT ALL STUDENTS WERE GIVEN A 0RE 4EST MY OPPOSITION TO ANIMAL DISSECTION !S
PHOTOGRAPHS AND IDENTIlED THE VARIOUS 4HE SAME TEST WAS ADMINISTERED BY THE TEACHERS OUR JOB IS NOT ONLY TO TEACH THE
STRUCTURES OF THE FETAL PIG 4HE PROGRAM 3CIENCE 3UPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE SCHOOLS CURRICULUM BUT ALSO TO FOSTER AND
ALSO ALLOWED STUDENTS AN OPTION TO PER UNIT 4HE SAME PROCEDURE WAS APPLIED PRACTICE AN APPRECIATION FOR ALL KINGDOMS
FORM AN ACTUAL DISSECTION TO DISSECTION BASED BIOLOGY CLASSES 4HE OF LIFE N
PURPOSE WAS TO ASSESS WHETHER STUDENTS
)*
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
-EDIA7ATCH
4HE SPRING AND SUMMER OF HAVE BEEN BUSY FOR ANIMAL
ADVOCACY ORGANIZATIONS AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH GIANTS
)N &EBRUARY AT THE REQUEST OF SEVERAL PRO ANIMAL RESEARCH
GROUPS THE 5NITED 3TATES $EPARTMENT OF !GRICULTURE
53$! REMOVED DETAILED DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE USE
OF ANIMALS IN RESEARCH FROM ITS WEBSITE 4HESE PARTICULAR
DOCUMENTS INCLUDED FACILITY ANNUAL REPORTS AND 53$! IN
SPECTION REPORTS THAT CONTAIN INFORMATION REGARDING SPE
CI½C ASSAYS SPECIES AND NUMBER OF NON HUMAN ANIMALS
USED PAIN AND DISTRESS AND ANY !NIMAL 7ELFARE !CT !7!
VIOLATIONS
7HILE 53$! WAS REMOVING EXPLICIT
REPORTS FROM ITS WEBSITE THE AGENCY
WAS SIMULTANEOUSLY CRITICIZING *OHNS
!NIMALß'ROUPSß!SKß53$!ßTOß
(OPKINS 5NIVERSITY AND THE 5NIVERSITY OF 2ESTOREß!NNUALß2EPORTS
#ALIFORNIA AT 3AN &RANCISCO FOR EGREGIOUS
DElCIENCIES IN THE CARE OF ANIMALS AT !NIMAL PROTECTION GROUPS HAVE ACCOUNTABILITY ² 4HE (UMANE
THOSE INSTITUTIONS 4HESE FACILITIES ARE ASKED THE 53 $EPARTMENT OF 3OCIETY OF THE 5NITED 3TATES
hTHE CREAM OF THE CROPv IN THE 53 YET IN !GRICULTURE TO RESUME POSTING TOLD 53$! 3ECRETARY !NN
AND 53$! AUDITS REVEALED THAT !NIMAL 7ELFARE !CT INSPECTION 6ENEMAN IN A -AY LETTER CO
ANIMAL USE REPORTS WERE INCOMPLETE OR REPORTS AND ANNUAL REPORTS SIGNED BY THE !MERICAN !NTI
FAULTY "IOMEDICAL RESEARCH GROUPS SUCH
ON THE 53$! !NIMAL AND 0LANT 6IVISECTION 3OCIETY AND EIGHT
AS THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION OF "IOMEDICAL
2ESEARCH .!"2 CONTINUE THEIR
(EALTH )NSPECTION 3ERVICE 7EB OTHER ANIMAL WELFARE GROUPS
ATTEMPTS TO PRESSURE FEDERAL REGULATORY SITE 53$! DISCONTINUED THE
AGENCIES TO CONCEAL THE NATURE OF RESEARCH PRACTICE &EB AT THE URGING 4HE GROUPS ASKED 53$! TO
AND ANIMAL USE FROM THE PUBLIC OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH GROUPS START POSTING THE REPORTS
WHO CLAIMED THE REPORTS AGAIN AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
4HE FOLLOWING ARE EXCERPTS FROM ARTICLES CONTAIN SENSITIVE INFORMATION ±4HE AVAILABILITY OF THESE
THAT COVERED THE MANY AREAS IN WHICH
THAT COULD HELP ANIMAL ACTIVISTS REPORTS IS IMPORTANT TO OUR
!!63 ENDEAVORS TO PROTECT NON HUMAN
ANIMALS )N ADDITION THE !LTERNATIVES
TARGET RESEARCHERS¨ DAY TO DAY WORK ON BEHALF OF
2ESEARCH $EVELOPMENT &OUNDATIONS ANIMALS USED IN BIOMEDICAL
%XECUTIVE $IRECTOR *OHN -C!RDLE AND ±4HESE REPORTS ¾AG RESEARCH ² THEY SAID 4OGETHER
!!63 /UTREACH $IRECTOR #RYSTAL -ILLER PROBLEMATIC ISSUES THAT NEED THE ORGANIZATIONS HAVE OVER
3PIEGEL HAVE CONTINUED TO EDUCATE THE TO BE ADDRESSED IMMEDIATELY MILLION MEMBERS N
PUBLIC THROUGH INTERVIEWS AND /P %DS EITHER ACROSS OR WITHIN
EDITORIALS IN INTERNATIONALLY CIRCULATED INSTITUTIONS 4HESE REPORTS -EDICAL 2ESEARCH ,AW 0OLICY 2EPORT
PUBLICATIONS ABOUT IMPORTANT ISSUES *ULY
ARE ALSO VITAL FOR PUBLIC
INVOLVING ANIMALS
#REAM OF THE #ROP )NSTITUTIONS !SSENTINGß/PINION
4HE !MERICAN !NTI
6IVISECTION 3OCIETY
!NIMAL
RIGHTS ADVOCATES SAY THE PROBLEMS AT ;*OHNS= (OPKINS ;5NIVERSITY= AND COULD NOT AGREE MORE WITH #HRISTOPHER
;THE 5NIVERSITY OF= #ALIFORNIA ;AT 3AN &RANCISCO= DEMAND THAT THE GOVERNMENT (EYDES /P
%D REGARDING THE ONGOING
LOOK HARD AT OTHER UNIVERSITIES h4HEYRE SUPPOSED TO BE THE CREAM OF THE CROP v AND OVERLOOKED ABUSES OF ANIMALS IN WHAT
SAYS *OHN % -C!RDLE $IRECTOR OF THE !LTERNATIVES 2ESEARCH $EVELOPMENT MANY CONSIDER PRESTIGIOUS RESEARCH INSTI
&OUNDATION WHICH PROMOTES REDUCING THE USE OF ANIMALS IN LABORATORY STUDIES TUTIONS )T IS UNTHINKABLE THAT #ONGRESS
h)F THEYRE HAVING PROBLEMS WHATS GOING ON AT THE OTHER INSTITUTIONS v N WOULD ALLOW THE PASSAGE OF AN AMENDMENT
EXCLUDING THE MOST WIDELY USED SPECIES
#HRONICLE OF (IGHER %DUCATION
FROM LEGAL PROTECTION DESPITE CURRENT
*UNE
)+
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
INVESTIGATIONS INTO DOCUMENTED ABUSES !!63 /UTREACH $IRECTOR SAGE WAS MUCH MORE INSIDIOUSLY THREATEN
OF THESE SAME SPECIES AT SCHOOLS SUCH AS #ANDIDLY 3PEAKING ING THE ANIMAL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS LEADER
THE 5NIVERSITY OF .ORTH #AROLINA #HAPEL SHIP IS MATURING AND THEIR ORGANIZATIONS
(ILL AND *OHNS (OPKINS 5NIVERSITY )F )N RESPONSE TO h$EBATE /VER 7HETHER ARE FOCUSING AN INCREASING AMOUNT OF THEIR
THESE ANIMALS WERE COVERED BY A LEGAL TO $EFEND !NIMAL 4ESTSv BY 3HERYL 'AY RESOURCES AND ENERGIES NOT ON PROTESTS
AUTHORITY SUCH AS THE 53 $EPARTMENT OF 3TOLBERG THE VAST MAJORITY OF AND VIOLENT ACTIONS BUT ON TOOLS OF POLICY
!GRICULTURE 53$! THE REPERCUSSIONS ANIMAL ADVOCACY ORGANIZATIONS CONDUCT DEVELOPMENT LITIGATION LEGISLATION AND
OF SUCH ABUSE WOULD BE FAR GREATER THAN THEIR BUSINESS THROUGH ENTIRELY LEGAL EDUCATIONxv
SIMPLY PROVIDING A RESPONSE TO THEIR MEANS IN LOCAL COMMUNITIES ANDOR ON
FUNDING SOURCE THE .ATIONAL )NSTITUTES OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL LEVEL 5NFORTUNATELY 3IMPLY BECAUSE LEGAL MEANS AND AN EVOLV
(EALTH 4HE 53$! CAN IMPOSE lNES AND BIOMEDICAL LOBBYISTS AND INTEREST GROUPS ING SOCIAL ETHIC REGARDING THE TREATMENT
CONlSCATE ANIMALS AND IT PROVIDES THE ARE TAKING ADVANTAGE OF A SOCIETY ALREADY OF ANIMALS ARE THREATENING TO BIOMEDICAL
ONLY OPPORTUNITY FOR INSPECTIONS OF FACILI ON EDGE AND ATTEMPTING TO PAINT WITH GROUPS DOES NOT MEAN THAT ADVOCATES FOR
TIES BY AN OUTSIDE UNAFlLIATED AUTHORITY ONE BROAD STROKE ANYONE WHO WORKS TO ANIMALS ARE THREATENING TO THE PUBLIC SCI
ADVANCE THE WELFARE OF NON HUMAN ANI ENTISTS OR INSTITUTIONS N
4HE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION FOR "IOMEDICAL
MALS USED IN LABORATORIES AS @TERRORISTS #RYSTAL -ILLER 3PIEGEL
2ESEARCH AND SIMILAR INTEREST GROUPS
OR POTENTIAL TERRORISTS &RIGHTENING !!63 /UTREACH $IRECTOR
ARE FAR MORE THREATENED BY ANIMAL ADVO
RESEARCHERS TO HIDE BEHIND LOCKED DOORS 3UBMITTED TO THE .EW 9ORK 4IMES
CATES WHO CONDUCT THEIR WORK THROUGH
AND MAINTAINING SECRETS ABOUT RESEARCH *ULY
LEGAL MEANS AS WE HAVE BEEN DOING
PROTOCOLS IS NOT THE ANSWER AND IN FACT
SINCE THAN BY INDIVIDUALS WHO
IT WILL LIKELY BACKlRE RESULTING IN DIMIN
THREATEN VIOLENCE AND WHO ARE IN NO WAY
ISHING PUBLIC TRUST IN SCIENTIlC RESEARCH !!63ß/UTREACHß$IRECTORß/UTSPOKENß
AFlLIATED WITH NATIONAL ANIMAL ADVO
"ILLIONS OF TAXPAYER AND CONSUMER DOLLARS !BOUTß0RIMATEß2ESEARCH
CACY ORGANIZATIONS 0AINTING ALL ANIMAL
FUND ANIMAL RESEARCH EACH YEAR AND CITI
ADVOCATES AS POTENTIAL @TERRORISTS MAY
ZENS DESERVE TO KNOW HOW THEIR MONEY IS ¨BUTßTHOSEßWHOßOPPOSEßANIMALß
INCREASE DONATIONS AND CREATE A PANIC
BEING SPENT %STEEMED ORGANIZATIONS THAT EXPERIMENTATIONßSAYßRESEARCHERS ßINß
WITHIN THE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH COMMU
CONTINUALLY WORK WITHIN THE LAW AND HAVE FOCUSINGßONßACCUMULATINGßENOUGHß
NITY BUT IS DOES NOT ELIMINATE THE NEED
WORKING RELATIONSHIPS WITH GOVERNMENT RHESUSßMACAQUESßFORßTHEIRßWORK ßAREß
FOR PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY N
AGENCIES SHOULD ALSO NOT BE SHUT OUT IGNORINGßTHEßPOSSIBILITYßOFßMOVINGß
#RYSTAL -ILLER 3PIEGEL ! REPORT FROM !MERICANS FOR -EDICAL AWAYßENTIRELYßFROMßSUCHßRESEARCHß
!!63 /UTREACH $IRECTOR 0ROGRESS REGARDING A RECENT CONFERENCE
)NTERVIEWßWITHß#RYSTALß-ILLER 3PIEGEL ß
3UBMITTED TO 7ASHINGTON 4IMES ILLUSTRATES EXACTLY WHY BIOMEDICAL INTER !!63ß/UTREACHß$IRECTOR
!UGUST EST AND LOBBYING GROUPS WANT TO HIDE 7ALLß3TREETß*OURNALß
RESEARCH PROTOCOLS AND LABORATORY INSPEC -AYß ß
TION REPORTS hxTHE OVERWHELMING MES
!,4%2.!4)6%3ß4/ß,!"ß!.)-!,3ß°ß .EXT MONTH SCIENTISTS REGULATORY OF½CIALS AND ANIMAL ADVOCATES
FROM AROUND THE WORLD WILL CONVENE IN .EW /RLEANS FOR THE TH
!ß$)&&%2%.4ß0%230%#4)6% 7ORLD #ONGRESS ON !LTERNATIVES WHERE THEY WILL PARTICIPATE IN FOUR
DAYS OF CUTTING EDGE PRESENTATIONS IN ALL ½ELDS OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
#HRIS -ONDICS´ RECENT ARTICLES ON A SINGLE EXTREME ANIMAL RIGHTS CAM !LTERNATIVES REPRESENT THE FUTURE OF GOOD SCIENCE )F NOT WHY ARE THE
PAIGN AND THE UTILITY OF MODERN ALTERNATIVES MAY ADEQUATELY SERVE LARGEST BREEDERS OF LABORATORY ANIMALS AND ORGANIZATIONS INCLUDING
THE FUNDRAISING AND PROPAGANDA NEEDS OF ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS THE (UNTINGDON ,IFE 3CIENCES (,3 BECOMING SO INVESTED IN THE DEVELOP
.ATIONAL !SSOCIATION FOR "IOMEDICAL 2ESEARCH .!"2 BUT IT DOES A MENT AND USE OF NON ANIMAL METHODS
DISSERVICE TO THE THOUSANDS OF ANIMAL ADVOCATES AND ORGANIZATIONS
WORKING WITHIN THE SYSTEM TO REPLACE THE USE OF LABORATORY ANIMALS !NIMAL BASED TESTING COMPANIES SUCH AS (,3 ARE SCIENTI½C DINOSAURS
WITH MORE SUITABLE ALTERNATIVES WHO LIKE THEIR SAURIAN BRETHREN WILL BECOME EXTINCT IN THE NEAR FU
TURE°NOT DUE TO THREATS BUT BECAUSE THEIR ANIMAL TESTING SERVICES ARE
.!"2 SPOKESPERSON &RANKIE 4RULL´S LUKEWARM SUPPORT FOR ALTERNA NO LONGER NEEDED 4HE DAY WILL COME WHEN THE USE OF ANIMALS IS THE
TIVES IS DISINGENUOUS AT BEST (ER ORGANIZATION AND ITS ALLIES ARE RARE ALTERNATIVE AND NON ANIMAL METHODS THE NORM
RESPONSIBLE FOR ELIMINATING THE ONLY LEGAL REQUIREMENT TO CONSIDER AL
TERNATIVES FOR PERCENT OF THE ANIMALS USED IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH !T A TIME WHEN CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY IS UNDER SCRUTINY AND
TESTING AND EDUCATION .!"2 HAS ALSO SYSTEMATICALLY REFUSED TO SUP THE VALUE OF REASONABLE GOVERNMENT REGULATION IS UNDISPUTED THE
PORT EVERY MAJOR ATTEMPT TO IMPROVE THE LIVES OF LABORATORY ANIMALS )NQUIRER SHOULD THINK TWICE ABOUT IN¾AMING DIVISIONS BETWEEN THE
AND HAS WITHDRAWN FROM THE BIPARTISAN COALITION SEEKING INCREASED COMPETING INTERESTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF LABORATORY ANIMALS
FUNDING FOR CRITICAL FEDERAL OVERSIGHT OF ANIMAL RESEARCH FACILITIES WHICH HAVE CAST THIS ISSUE AS A POLITICAL HOT POTATO 2ATHER THE REAL
STORY IS THE THOUSANDS OF SCIENTISTS WORLDWIDE IN COMPANIES SUCH AS
0LAYING THE TERRORIST CARD AND DEMONIZING ANIMAL ADVOCACY GROUPS 0ROCTOR 'AMBLE #OLGATE 0ALMOLIVE AND 'ILLETTE COOPERATING WITH
MAY INCREASE DONATIONS AND CREATE A PANIC WITHIN THE BIOMEDICAL ANIMAL WELFARE ADVOCATES AND ENSURING PROGRESS IN SAFETY TESTING
RESEARCH COMMUNITY BUT IS DOES NOT ELIMINATE THE NEED FOR PUBLIC WHILE SYSTEMATICALLY ELIMINATING ANIMAL SUFFERING N
ACCOUNTABILITY NOR DIMINISH THE EXTRAORDINARY RECORD OF NON ANIMAL
ALTERNATIVES 3UCH IGNOMINIOUS ACTIVITIES NOT ONLY PROVE TO BE A GREAT *OHN -C!RDLE 0H$ !!63 3CIENCE !DVISOR
DISSERVICE TO THE CAUSE OF GOOD SCIENCE BUT ALSO RAISE SERIOUS QUESTIONS 3UBMITTED TO 4HE 0HILADELPHIA )NQUIRER
ABOUT WHAT .!"2 AND OTHERS HAVE TO HIDE *ULY
),
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
$ON´T WANT TO KILL ANIMALS
IN YOUR CLASSROOMS
9OU DON´T HAVE TO
/UR FREE LENDING LIBRARY 4HE 3CIENCE "ANK HAS A WIDE RANGE OF EXCELLENT COMPUTER SIMULATIONS VIDEOS
BOOKS MODELS AND MANNEQUINS FOR LEARNING ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY AND OTHER SUBJECTS
4O REQUEST A FREE 3CIENCE "ANK #ATALOG CONTACT !NIMALEARN AT
/LD 9ORK 2D *ENKINTOWN 0!
INFO ANIMALEARNORG
)-
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
.EWS.ET
.#!! 3CORES
/NE FOR #OWS
)T IS ESTIMATED THAT IT TAKES AN ENTIRE COW
TO MAKE JUST FOUR BASKETBALLS
)
N -AY THE .ATIONAL #OLLEGIATE !THLETIC #ONNECTICUT PLAYED WITH THE SYNTHETIC BAS
!SSOCIATION .#!! ANNOUNCED THAT IT KETBALLS DURING THE REGULAR SEASON -ARYLAND
WILL NO LONGER USE REAL LEATHER BASKETBALLS COACH 'ARY 7ILLIAMS GIVES THE SYNTHETIC BALLS
FOR TOURNAMENT GAMES INCLUDING THE &INAL HIGH PRAISE ±4HEY´VE COME SO FAR WITH THAT
&OUR #HAMPIONSHIPS )NSTEAD IT WILL USE BALLS COMPOSITE BALL )T JUST SEEMS TO HAVE A BET
MADE OF COMPOSITE LEATHER A SYNTHETIC LEATH
TER FEEL THAN THE LEATHER 4HERE´S NOT A LOT OF
ER
LIKE MATERIAL .#!! OF½ CIALS SAY THAT THE THINGS THAT ARE DONE FOR THE PLAYERS BUT IF THE
FAKE LEATHER BASKETBALLS LOOK THE SAME PLAY PLAYERS HAD THEIR CHOICE THEY WOULD PICK THE
THE SAME OR BETTER ARE LESS EXPENSIVE AND COMPOSITE BALL !T LEAST OUR PLAYERS WOULD²
LAST LONGER
/BVIOUSLY ANIMAL ADVOCATES ARE ELATED WITH
4HE COMPOSITE BALLS ARE BEING USED BY A THE .#!! ANNOUNCEMENT )TS DECISION IS
LARGE NUMBER OF COLLEGE TEAMS 4HE .#!! ESPECIALLY APPRECIATED SINCE IT IS ESTIMATED
ESTIMATES THAT PERCENT OF $IVISION ) MEN´S THAT IT TAKES AN ENTIRE COW TO MAKE JUST FOUR
AND WOMEN´S BASKETBALL PROGRAMS ARE AL
BASKETBALLS (OWEVER ALTHOUGH THEY HAVE EN
READY USING COMPOSITE BALLS !DDITIONALLY JOYED POPULARITY IN THE .#!! COMPOSITE BALLS
OF THE TEAMS IN THE ½ RST ROUND OF THE HAVE NOT YET BEEN ADOPTED BY THE .ATIONAL
.#!! #HAMPIONSHIPS INCLUDING .ATIONAL "ASKETBALL !SSOCIATION ."! DESPITE APPEALS
#HAMPION -ARYLAND AS WELL AS $UKE AND FROM ANIMAL ADVOCATES N
).
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
.EWS.ET CONTINUED
0URDUEß3TUDYß%XPOSESß
'-/ß%COLOGICALß2ISKS
2ESEARCHERS AT 0URDUE
5NIVERSITY HAVE PUBLISHED ½ ND
INGS FROM THEIR STUDY ON THE
REPERCUSSIONS OF INTRODUCING
GENETICALLY MODI½ ED ORGAN
ISMS '-/S INTO WILD POPULA
TIONS IN THE SCIENTI½ C JOURNAL
4RANSGENE 2ESEARCH 7ILLIAM
-UIR 0ROFESSOR OF !NIMAL
3CIENCES AND 2ICHARD (OWARD
0ROFESSOR OF "IOLOGY EXAMINED
THE RISKS OF INTRODUCING '-/S
USING COMPUTER MODELING AND
STATISTICAL ANALYSES AND FOUND
THAT THIS PRACTICE POSES A GREATER
RISK OF EXTINCTION OF NATURAL SPE
CIES THAN ORIGINALLY BELIEVED
4HE RESEARCH WAS FUNDED BY THE
53 $EPARTMENT OF !GRICULTURE´S
6)245!, 2!4 2%!,)49 "IOTECHNOLOGY 2ISK !SSESSMENT
0ROGRAM
! TEAM OF BIOLOGISTS MATHEMATICIANS AND PHYSICISTS AT
THE $EPARTMENT OF %NERGY´S 0ACI½ C .ORTHWEST .ATIONAL -UIR AND (OWARD IDENTI½ ED
,ABORATORY 0.., IN 3EATTLE JOINED TOGETHER TO DEVELOP A THREE SCENARIOS IN WHICH THE
VIRTUAL MODEL OF THE RAT RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 4HE THREE DI INTRODUCTION OF '-/S COULD
MENSIONAL MODEL WAS CREATED USING DATA COLLECTED FROM RESULT IN THE EXTINCTION OF A
LUNG CASTS AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROMETRY NATURAL POPULATION THE RE
CONDUCTED ON DECEASED RATS LEASE OF LARGER ANIMALS WHICH
WOULD HAVE A HIGHER SUCCESS
5SING THE VIRTUAL MODEL SCIENTISTS WILL BE ABLE TO STUDY IN MATING BUT ALSO A SHORTER
THE EFFECTS OF LOW DOSES OF DRUGS ANDOR POLLUTION ON LIFE EXPECTANCY COULD DRIVE A
HEALTHY LUNGS AND AS THEY MOVE THROUGH THE RESPIRATORY WILD POPULATION EXTINCT IN
TRACT 4HE CREATORS WILL ALSO WORK TO ALTER THE MODEL TO GENERATIONS INTRODUCTION OF
MIMIC THE DYNAMICS OF DISEASED LUNGS GIVING INSIGHT TO ANIMALS WHO HAVE BEEN GENETI
HOW DISEASES SUCH AS EMPHYSEMA AND ASTHMA MANIFEST CALLY MODI½ ED TO INCREASE THE
SIZE OF THE MALE HELPING THE
3CIENTISTS HOPE TO COUPLE THE VIRTUAL RAT WITH 0..,´S CEL MALE TO MATE MORE OFTEN AND
LULAR STUDY PROJECTS TO GIVE A COMPLETE MODEL ENABLING LIVE LONGER BUT ALSO MAKING HIM
RESEARCHERS TO VIEW THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES AND LESS FERTILE COULD LEAD TO A WILD
CHEMICALS ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AS A WHOLE AND ON POPULATION BECOMING EXTINCT IN
JUST GENERATIONS AND WHILE
INDIVIDUAL CELLS #REATORS ALSO SAY THAT THE TECHNOLOGY
AN INTRODUCED GENE COULD SPREAD
USED TO CREATE THE VIRTUAL RAT WILL BE APPLIED TO THE DEVEL
THROUGH A PARTICULAR POPULA
OPMENT OF A VIRTUAL HUMAN LUNG N
)/
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
3%#/.$(!.$ß3-/+%
TION IT MAY NOT REDUCE THE
,).+%$ß4/ß&%,).%ß,9-0(/-!
POPULATION´S SIZE $R !NTHONY -OORE AND THE RESEARCHERS AT 4UFTS 5NIVERSITY AND THE 5NIVERSITY OF
-ASSACHUSETTS HAVE RECENTLY DISCLOSED THE RESULTS OF THEIR STUDY IN THE !MERICAN
*OURNAL OF %PIDEMIOLOGY THAT LINKS SECONDHAND SMOKE EXPOSURE TO FELINE LYMPHOMA
3TUDY ½NDINGS SHOWED THAT
2ESEARCHERS FOUND THAT CATS WHO LIVE IN HOUSEHOLDS WITH SMOKERS HAVE A SIGNIlCANTLY
THE MOST SIGNI½CANT RISKS OC
HIGHER RISK OF DEVELOPING CANCER
CUR WHEN AN INTRODUCED GENE
4HE STUDY CONSISTED OF CATS WHO WERE TREATED AT 4UFTS 6ETERINARY (OSPITAL BETWEEN
INCREASES THE VIABILITY OF THE
AND 2ESEARCHERS FOUND THAT CATS EXPOSED TO SECONDHAND SMOKE HAD MORE
ADULT THROUGH FOR EXAMPLE AN THAN TWICE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING LYMPHOMA THAN FELINES LIVING IN SMOKE
FREE HOMES
IMPROVED IMMUNE RESPONSE 4HEY ALSO FOUND THAT CATS WHO LIVED IN SMOKING HOUSEHOLDS FOR lVE YEARS HAD THREE TIMES
OR RESISTANCE TO A PARTICULAR THE CHANCE OF DEVELOPING LYMPHOMA AND THAT RISK INCREASED FOURFOLD FOR THOSE LIVING
DISEASE OR PATHOGEN ±)T´S SOME
WITH TWO SMOKERS
WHAT COUNTERINTUITIVE THAT IN
$R "ERNADINE #RUZ A VETERINARIAN IN ,AGUNA (ILLS #ALIFORNIA CONCURS WITH THE STUDYS
CREASING THE HEALTH OF THE ADULT RESULTS h7E DO KNOW THAT THE ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES PUT ON OUR BODIES THAT OFTEN
COULD HURT THE OVERALL POPULA
CATS AND DOGS WILL ENDURE SIMILAR STRESSES AND THEYRE ALMOST MAGNIlED BECAUSE THEIR
LIFESPANS ARE SO CONDENSEDv
TION BUT THAT IS WHAT WE FOUND
IF THEY HAD REDUCED FERTILITY ² $R -OORE AND HIS RESEARCH TEAM HOPE THAT THESE lNDINGS WILL INSPIRE OTHERS TO
SAID (OWARD 4HE SCIENTISTS INVESTIGATE THE CONNECTION BETWEEN SMOKING AND LYMPHOMA IN HUMANS -ANY BELIEVE
THAT THERE IS A LINK AND SOME STUDIES HAVE INDEED SUGGESTED THAT THIS IS TRUE OF CHILDREN
ADMIT THAT THE AFOREMENTIONED WHO LIVE WITH SMOKERS N
RISK FACTORS MANIFEST DUE TO THE
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TIONS 4O DO THIS SCIENTISTS NEED `dX^\jXe[&fiifkXk\k_\dfek_\nXccj
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Z\cc#k_\:8M<Zflc[Y\lj\[kf[\k\id`e\
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CATES THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
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RESULTING FROM THE INHIBITION OF $.!
ONCE AGAIN INDICATE THAT THE ONLY REAL LIMITATION ON THE USE OF
SYNTHESIS CELL CYCLE AND CERTAIN CELL
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TORS AND EDUCATORS !2$& IS PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE THE FOLLOWING WILL ESTABLISH THE SUITABILITY OF HUMAN
RECIPIENTS OF THE !LTERNATIVES 2ESEARCH 'RANT 0ROGRAM EMBRYONIC 0- (%0- CELLS TO REPLACE
THE USE OF ANIMALS THEIR TISSUES AND CELLS
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OF /RTHOPEDIC 3URGERY AT THE DEVELOPED A UNIQUE APPROACH TO STUDYING
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0ENNSYLVANIA THAT UTILIZES NO ANIMALS NO ANIMAL AGENTS DISRUPT PROLIFERATION AND CELL CYCLE
DERIVED CELLS AND NO ANIMAL SERUM IN BY A DYSREGUALTION UP OR DOWN OF CELL
02/*%#4 ! ./6%, !,4%2.!4)6% CYCLE REGULATORY GENES IN (%0- CELLS WILL
THE CULTURES (IS DEVICE WILL BE USED TO
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TENDON CELLS THAT CAN BE USED TO STUDY STUDIES WILL SHED NEW LIGHT ON THE ORIGIN EXPRESSION IS ALTERED 4HESE RESULTS SHOULD
THE CELLULAR AND MECHANICAL MECHANISMS OF TENDINTIS AND DEVELOP NEW STRATEGIES SERVE AS THE BASIS FOR SUBSEQUENT STUDIES
ASSOCIATED WITH TENDINITIS WITHOUT USING TO PREVENT AND TREAT IT MORE EFFECTIVELY IN WHICH THE FUNCTIONAL SIGNIlCANCE OF
ANIMALS OR THEIR CELLS AND TISSUES &URTHERMORE THE KNOWLEDGE GAINED THE AFFECTED GENES WILL BE TESTED IN (%0-
FROM THIS APPROACH SHOULD INCREASE THE CELLS USING GENE OVEREXPRESSION OR GENE
4ENDINITIS IS A COMMON PROBLEM BOTH IN AWARENESS OF THE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH DISRUPTION 3UCCESSFUL TESTING OF THIS
OCCUPATIONAL AND ATHLETIC SETTINGS 4HE COMMUNITY TOWARDS USING IN VITRO MODELS HYPOTHESIS WILL ESTABLISH THE SUITABILITY OF
"UREAU OF ,ABOR 3TATISTICS INDICATES THAT INSTEAD OF ANIMALS OR ANIMAL TISSUES AND (%0- CELLS FOR USE IN FUTURE IDENTIlCATION
IT ACCOUNTS FOR PERCENT OF REPORTED CELLS TO INVESTIGATE BIOMEDICAL PROBLEMS OF #0 INDUCING AGENTS IN EXPLORING
OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESSES 4ENDINITIS SUCH AS INmAMMATORY CONNECTIVE TISSUE MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF SUCH AGENTS AND
REPRESENTS TO PERCENT OF ALL SPORTS DISORDER IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERVENTIONS SUCH
INJURIES 4HE ETIOLOGY OF TENDINITIS AS GENE THERAPY FOR THE PREVENTION OF
HOWEVER IS UNKNOWN BUT IT IS BELIEVED TO #0 AND OTHER BIRTH DEFECTS FROM MULTIPLE
RESULT FROM REPETITIVE MECHANICAL LOADING $2 #(!2,%3 3 2%$$9 #OLLEGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETIOLOGIES 4HIS WILL
ON TENDONS RESULTING IN INmAMMATION 6ETERINARY -EDICINE AT THE 5NIVERSITY DRASTICALLY REDUCE THE USE OF ANIMALS
PAIN AND ULTIMATELY TENDON DEGRADATION OF -ISSOURI #OLUMBIA -ISSOURI THEIR TISSUES AND CELLS WHILE INCREASING
-ANY STUDIES HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED TO THE HUMAN RELEVANCE OF #0 RESEARCH
02/*%#4 4(% 53% /& (5-!.
ADDRESS THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF %-"29/.)# 0!,!4%$ -%3%.#(9-!,
TENDINITIS OFTEN USING ANIMALS SUCH AS $2 %-!$ 4 !"/5$ #OLLEGE OF
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CELL ACTIVATION FACTORS INTO ACHILLES AND #LEFT PALATE #0 THE ETIOLOGY OF !RKANSAS
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THEM TO REPETITIVE MECHANICAL LOADING INCREASING IS A RELATIVELY COMMON
#!$!6%2)# "!3%$ ,)&%,)+% -/$%,
IN VIVO !LL OF THESE STUDIES USE LARGE MALFORMATION IN HUMAN BEINGS !LTHOUGH
NUMBERS OF ANIMALS WHO UNDERGO PAINFUL ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE IDENTIlED A LARGE 4HIS PROJECT FURTHER RElNES AND IMPROVES
AND DISTRESSFUL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES NUMBER OF CHEMICAL AGENTS CAPABLE OF $R !BOUDS EXISTING METHOD TO PROVIDE
*'
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
EFFECTIVE SURGICAL TRAINING THAT RELIABLY RECONSTRUCTION AND COSMETIC RESTORATION OCCURRING DURING LEUKEMOGENESIS )N
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VASCULAR TREE -ANY METHODS ARE CURRENTLY OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO RElNE TO AN OVERALL PHYLOGENETIC SCHEME FOR THIS
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PROCEDURES INCLUDING THE USE OF CADAVERS MODEL ANALYZING THE TRANSITION FROM
$R 2EINISCHS MODEL HAS THE POTENTIAL
AND MANNEQUINS BUT NONE OF THESE INmAMMATORY RESPONSE TO WOUND REPAIR
TO BECOME A PARADIGM OF GENETIC
SIMULATE THE LIVING HUMAN IN TERMS OF THE SHOW HOW VARIOUS INmAMMATORY CELLS
INTERACTIONS PROVING THAT INVERTEBRATE
ABILITY TO BLEED FOR PRACTICE OF VASCULAR CONTRIBUTE TO THE EFFECTS OF THERMAL INJURY
CELL LINES AND MOLECULAR PROBES CAN
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INCLUDING HUMANS &OR THIS TYPE OF WORK
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TOTALLY UNNECESSARY
CONNECTED TO COLORED LIQUID RESERVOIRS EXAMINE HUMANIZED ARTIlCIAL SKIN
AND USE OF A PUMP TO PROVIDE PULSATING AND INTRODUCE NEW CELL TYPES INTO THE
PRESSURE 4HIS METHOD PROVIDES CONDITIONS EXISTING MODEL 5LTIMATELY THIS MODEL
$2 +!4(%2).% 2!,,3 3MITHSONIAN
THAT SIMULATE LIVE SURGERY EXPERIENCES COULD BE UTILIZED AS A TEST SYSTEM FOR
)NSTITUTION $EPARTMENT OF
4HE CURRENT GRANT WILL BE USED TO IDENTIFY TOPICAL AND SYSTEMIC AGENTS TO INHIBIT
#ONSERVATION "IOLOGY 7ASHINGTON $#
LIQUIDS THAT BETTER MIMIC THE VISCOSITY OR LIMIT TISSUE INJURY AND INmAMMATORY
AND APPEARANCE OF BLOOD TO ACCURATELY DAMAGE IN RESPONSE TO BURNS 4HIS IS 02/*%#4 $/'3 3#!43 !.$ $.!
REPRESENT AND FACILITATE COAGULATION AND AN EXCITING EXAMPLE OF THE ALTERNATIVES ! ./. ).6!3)6% !002/!#( &/2
HOMEOSTASIS AND DECREASE OOZING FROM APPROACH REPLACING THE USE OF ANIMALS #!2.)6/2% &)%,$ 345$)%3
SECTIONAL TISSUES TEST CHEMICALS THAT PROVIDING EQUIVALENT INFORMATION AND
CAN REDUCE THE STIFFNESS OF EMBALMED RESULTING IN A DIRECT BENElT TO SERIOUSLY $R 2ALLS RECEIVED ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR
CADAVERIC TISSUES AND APPLY THE TREATMENT INJURED HUMAN PATIENTS HER WORK INVOLVING AN APPLICATION OF THE
TO THE WHOLE CADAVER TO WIDEN ITS RANGE OF ALTERNATIVES APPROACH TO ISSUES INVOLVING
APPLICATIONS IN SURGICAL TRAINING DEVELOP WILDLIFE RESEARCH 4O CONSERVE ENDANGERED
A NEW DESIGN FOR THE PULSATING PUMP AND $2 #!2/, 2%).)3#( -ARINE SPECIES AND MANAGE WILDLIFE POPULATIONS
EXPAND THE USE OF THE MODEL AS WELL AS THE "IOLOGICAL ,ABORATORY 7OODS (OLE EFFECTIVELY BASIC INFORMATION SUCH AS
DISTRIBUTION OF EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION -ASSACHUSETTS POPULATION DENSITY SURVIVAL REPRODUCTIVE
ABOUT THIS METHOD THROUGH NEUROVASCULAR RATES SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND AREAS USED BY
02/*%#4 2%'5,!4)/. /& 0
TRAINING COURSES VIDEOTAPING PROCEDURES INDIVIDUAL ANIMALS IS NEEDED 4RADITIONAL
'%.% &!-),9 %802%33)/. ). #,!-
USING THIS CONCEPT AND DISTRIBUTING THEM BIOLOGISTS GATHERED SUCH INFORMATION BY
,%5+%-)! #%,,3
TO OTHER SCHOOLS CAPTURING AND RADIO COLLARING INDIVIDUAL
ANIMALS WHICH WERE THEN MONITORED BY
$R 2EINISCHS PROJECT ADDRESSES THE NEED RADIOTELEMETRY 4O DO THIS THE ANIMALS
$2 #(!2,%3 7 (%7)44 2OBERT FOR NON MAMMALIAN MODELS IN CANCER MUST BE CAPTURED SOMETIMES USING
7OOD *OHNSON -EDICAL 3CHOOL RESEARCH 4HE .ATIONAL #ANCER )NSTITUTE PADDED LEG HOLD TRAPS RESTRAINED AND
5NIVERSITY OF -EDICINE $ENTISTRY OF .#) RECENTLY RELEASED THEIR 3CIENTIlC lTTED WITH RADIO COLLARS !LTHOUGH THIS
.EW *ERSEY #AMDEN .EW *ERSEY 0RIORITIES FOR #ANCER 2ESEARCH $R IS DONE UNDER CHEMICAL RESTRAINT SOME
2ICHARD +LAUSNER DETERMINED THAT ONE ANIMALS MAY NOT SURVIVE THE EXPERIENCE OR
02/*%#4 ). 6)42/ "52. ).*529
OF THE PRIMARY GOALS OF THE .#) IN ADAPT WELL TO THE COLLARS
-/$%, 53).' ")/%.').%%2%$
WOULD BE TO hIDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE
(5-!. ,)6).' 3+). %15)6!,%.43 )N $R 2ALLS WORK SPECIALLY TRAINED DOGS
GENE VARIATIONS INVOLVED IN MOLECULAR
ARE USED TO LOCATE FECES FROM THE 3AN
PATHWAYS IMPORTANT IN CANCERv 4O ACHIEVE
$R (EWITT AND HIS COLLEAGUES RECEIVED *OAQUIN KIT FOXES 4HEY DO SO WITH
THAT GOAL THE .#) IS DEDICATING NEW FUNDS
A CONTINUATION GRANT FOR THEIR ONGOING PERCENT ACCURACY #OMPARED TO LIVE
TO VERTEBRATE ANIMAL MODEL SYSTEMS
STUDIES ON THIS TOPIC WHICH WAS TRAPPING USING SEARCH DOGS TO LOCATE SCATS
5NTIL MEANINGFUL DATA ARE GENERATED IN
ORIGINALLY INITIATED IN RESPONSE TO IS A MORE ACCURATE METHOD OF DETERMINING
ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS SUCH AS THAT PROPOSED
CONCERNS REGARDING THE USE OF ANIMALS THE PRESENCE OF FOXES IN AN AREA 4HE DOGS
BY $R 2EINISCH THE NUMBER OF VERTEBRATE
IN BURN RESEARCHONE OF THE AREAS lND FOX SCATS IN AREAS WHERE LIVE TRAPPING
ANIMALS USED TO ACHIEVE THE STATED GOALS
OF INVESTIGATION ROUTINELY CITED IN WAS UNSUCCESSFUL !NALYSIS OF $.! IN
WILL CONTINUE TO INCREASE
DEFENSE OF THE @NECESSITY OF USING INTACT THE SCAT CAN IDENTIFY SPECIES GENDER
LABORATORY ANIMALS 4HESE RESEARCHERS "Y DEVELOPING SERUM FREE CELL CULTURE INDIVIDUALS AND POTENTIALLY INFORMATION
HAVE DEVELOPED A SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS TECHNIQUES COUPLED WITH MOLECULAR OF POPULATION SIZE SEX RATIO HOME RANGE
INVOLVING A THREE DIMENSIONAL @HUMAN PROBE TECHNOLOGY SHE WILL DElNE P DISTRIBUTION PATERNITY AND KINSHIPALL
TISSUE CULTURE MODEL )N PARTICULAR GENE FAMILY EXPRESSION IN LEUKEMIA WITHOUT THE USE OF INVASIVE METHODS )F
BIOENGINEERED SKIN CONSTRUCTS WERE CELLS IN VITRO 4HE INFORMATION OBTAINED SUCCESSFUL THIS APPROACH COULD BE APPLIED
SUCCESSFULLY USED IN A BURN MODEL TO WILL CONTRIBUTE TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF TO A WIDE VARIETY OF CARNIVORE lELD PROJECTS
FURTHER STUDIES ON COMPLETE SURGICAL P GENE MEDIATED CELLULAR PROCESSES AS WELL AS OTHER SPECIES N
*(
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
/ & 3"' %%
-EMBERS
$IDß9OUß+NOW $ID YOU KNOW THAT BY SHOPPING CAN ALSO CLICK ON THE @$ONATE
ONLINE YOU CAN SUPPORT !!63 .OW BUTTON ON OUR WEBSITE
$EAR &RIENDS 7E ARE LISTED WITH I'IVECOM WWWAAVSORG TO MAKE A
WHICH FEATURES MORE THAN CONTRIBUTION THROUGH *UST'IVE
$ID YOU KNOW THAT !!63 IS NOW
STORES ONLINE %VERY TIME YOU !!63 RECEIVES PERCENT OF EVERY
PARTICIPATING IN THE #OMBINED
MAKE A PURCHASE FROM THE GIFT MADE TO US THROUGH *UST'IVE
&EDERAL #AMPAIGN #&# 4HIS
MAJOR RETAILERS AT I'IVECOM AND YOU RECEIVE AN IMMEDIATE
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AND NAME !!63 AS YOUR FAVORITE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AS WELL AS A
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#HARITIES OF !MERICA IN h4HE "EST
HTTPWWWI'IVECOMHTML ENTIRELY ON THE GENEROSITY OF OUR
OF THE #&#v NEWSLETTER A SPECIAL
SSICFM CID )N ADDITION MEMBERS AND FRIENDS FOR lNANCIAL
SUPPLEMENT PUBLISHED IN THE
CHECK OUT WWWDIFFERENTDAISYCOM SUPPORT 7E ARE ALWAYS LOOKING
&EDERAL 4IMES-ILITARY 4IMES
AN ONLINE STORE THAT SELLS ONLY FOR WAYS TO MAKE GIVING MORE
NEWSPAPERS AND ON THEIR WEBSITE
VEGAN PRODUCTS FROM CRUELTY
CONVENIENT AND EFlCIENT 0LEASE
WWWBESTCFCORG
FREE COMPANIES ! PORTION OF THE FEEL FREE TO CONTACT ME IF YOU HAVE
PROCEEDS FROM SALES OF SELECTED ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT HOW YOU CAN
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THE 3AN &RANCISCO "AY AREA YOU CHOICE INCLUDING !!63 FOR ALL THAT YOU DO ON BEHALF OF THE
CAN MAKE DONATIONS TO !!63 ANIMALS
THROUGH THE 5NITED 7AY ,IKE THE $ID YOU KNOW THAT YOU CAN SAFELY
#OMBINED &EDERAL #AMPAIGN THE MAKE ONLINE DONATIONS TO !!63 "EST 2EGARDS
5NITED 7AY "AY !REA 57"! THROUGH *UST'IVEORG *UST'IVE
WORKPLACE GIVING CAMPAIGN ALSO IS A NONPROlT ORGANIZATION THAT 3ARA #HENOWETH
ALLOWS YOU TO MAKE DONATIONS ENABLES PEOPLE TO MAKE DONATIONS !SSISTANT $IRECTOR OF $EVELOPMENT
THROUGH AUTOMATIC PAYROLL TO THOUSANDS OF CHARITIES VIA THEIR -EMBER 3ERVICES
DEDUCTIONS WEBSITE WWWJUSTGIVEORG 9OU
4RIBUTES 0LANNED 'IVING
)N MEMORY OF MY /VER THE YEARS MANY !!63 THOSE WHO HAVE CHOSEN TO PROVIDE
BABY "ONUS 7HEN MEMBERS AND SUPPORTERS HAVE FOR !!63 IN THEIR ESTATE PLANS WE
YOU LEFT IT WAS AS IF PART MADE PROVISIONS TO INCLUDE OUR HAVE CREATED 4HE #AROLINE %ARLE
OF MY SOUL WAS TORN FROM ME ORGANIZATION IN THEIR WILLS TRUSTS 7HITE 3OCIETY NAMED IN HONOR OF
) MISS YOU SO LIFE INSURANCE POLICIES AND OUR FOUNDER )F YOU WOULD LIKE TO
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&URMANA TRUE CHAMPION FOR GIVING PLEASE CONTACT 3ARA
US TO REACH OUR GOAL OF ENDING
ALL ANIMALS #HENOWETH !SSISTANT $IRECTOR OF
-ELISSAß&URMAN ß2OSLYNß(EIGHTS ß.9
THE USE OF ANIMALS IN BIOMEDICAL
RESEARCH PRODUCT TESTING AND $EVELOPMENT -EMBER 3ERVICES
EDUCATION 4O RECOGNIZE THE AT
)N MEMORY OF *UDY #OMBS
3UZANNEß(OYLE ß7ENDELL ß-! THOUGHTFULNESS AND GENEROSITY OF
*)
PP LQVLGHBIDOOBLGG 30
“I touch the future,
I teach.”
Christa McAuliffe
The American Anti-Vivisection Society
801 Old York Road #204 NONPROFIT ORG.
Jenkintown, PA 19046-1685 U.S. POSTAGE
P A I D
A Non-Profit Educational Organization LANCASTER, PA
Dedicated to the Abolition of Vivisection PERMIT NO. 53
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