Mauro Giuliani

Mauro Giuseppe Sergio Pantaleo Giuliani (27 July 1781 – 8 May 1829) was an Italian
guitarist, cellist, singer, and composer. He was a leading guitar virtuoso of the early 19th
century.

Contents
Biography
Quotes
Works
Theme and variations
Original Sources of Themes
Themes in Giuliani's Le Rossiniane
Mauro Giuliani
List of compositions
Instruments used by Giuliani
Books about Mauro Giuliani
Biographies
Analysis
References
External links
Sheetmusic
Images of Giuliani

Biography
Although born in Bisceglie, Giuliani's center of study was in Barletta where he moved with his brother Nicola in the first years of his
life. His first instrumental training was on the cello—an instrument which he never completely abandoned—and he probably also
studied the violin. Subsequently, he devoted himself to the guitar, becoming a very skilled performer on it in a short time. The names
of his teachers are unknown, and we cannot be sure of his exact movements in Italy
.

He married Maria Giuseppe del Monaco, and they had a child, Michael, born in Barletta in 1801. After that he was probably in
Bologna and Trieste for a brief stay; by the summer of 1806, fresh from his studies of counterpoint, cello and guitar in Italy, he had
moved to Vienna without his family. Here he began a relationship with the Viennese Anna Wiesenberger (1784–1817), with whom he
had four daughters, Maria Willmuth (born 1808), Aloisia Willmuth (born 1810), Emilia Giuliani (born 1813) and Karolina Giuliani
(born 1817).[1]

In Vienna he became acquainted with the classical instrumental style. In 1807 Giuliani began to publish compositions in the classical
style. His concert tours took him all over Europe. Everywhere he went he was acclaimed for his virtuosity and musical taste. He
achieved great success and became a musical celebrity, equal to the best of the many instrumentalists and composers who were active
in the Austrian capital city at the beginning of the 19th century
.

Giuliani defined a new role for the guitar in the context of European music. He was acquainted with the highest figures of Austrian
society and with notable composers such as Rossini and Beethoven, and cooperated with the best active concert musicians in Vienna.
In 1815 he appeared with Johann Nepomuk Hummel (followed later by Ignaz Moscheles), the violinist Joseph Mayseder and the
cellist Joseph Merk, in a series of chamber concerts in the botanical gardens of Schönbrunn Palace, concerts that were called the
"Dukaten Concerte",[2] after the price of the ticket, which was a ducat. This exposure gave Giuliani prominence in the musical
environment of the city. Also in 1815, he was the official concert artist for the celebrations of the Congress in Vienna. Two years
earlier, on 8 December 1813, he had played (probably cello) in an orchestra for the first performance of Beethoven's Seventh
Symphony.

In Vienna, Giuliani had minor success as a composer. He worked mostly with the publisherArtaria, who published many of his works
for guitar, but he had dealings with all the other local publishers, who spread his compositions all over Europe. He developed a
teaching career here as well; among his numerous students were Bobrowicz and Horetzky
.

In 1819 Giuliani left Vienna, mainly for financial reasons: he expected to make financial profit on a concert tour through Bohemia
and Bavaria. He returned to Italy, spending time in Trieste and Venice, and finally settled inRome. In 1822 he brought his illegitimate
daughter Emilia to Italy, who had been born in Vienna in 1813. She was educated at the nunnery L'adorazione del Gesù from 1821 to
1826, together with Giuliani's first illegitimate daughter Maria Willmuth. In Rome he did not have much success; he published a few
compositions and gave only one concert.

In July 1823 he began a series of frequent trips to Naples to be with his father, who was seriously ill. In the Bourbon city of Naples
Giuliani would find a better reception to his guitar artistry, and there he was able to publish other works for guitar with local
publishers.

In 1826 he performed in Portici before Francesco I and the Bourbon court. In this time, which we could call Giuliani's Neapolitan
period, he appeared frequently in duo concert with his daughter Emilia, who had become a skilled performer on the guitar. Toward
the end of 1827 the health of the musician began to fail; he died in Naples on 8 May 1829. The news of his death created a great stir
in the Neapolitan musical environment.

Quotes

“ Giuliani's expression and tone in guitar playing were astonishing, and a competent
critic said of him: "He vocalized his adagios to a degree impossible to be imagined
by those who never heard him; his melody in slow movements was no longer like
the short, unavoidable staccato of the piano, requiring profusion of harmony to cover
the deficient sustension of notes, but it was invested with a character, not only
sustained and penetrating, but of so earnest[3] and pathetic[4] a description as to
make it appear the natural characteristic of the instrument. In a word, he made the
instrument sing." ”
— Philip James Bone, The guitar and mandolin, 1914 (page 127)[5]

Works

Theme and variations

As a guitar composer he was very fond of the theme and variations— an extremely popular form in Vienna. He had a remarkable
ability to weave a melody into a passage with musical ef
fect while remaining true to the idiom of the instrument.

One example of this ability is to be found in his V

ariations on a theme ofHandel, Op. 107. This popular theme,
known as "The Harmonious Blacksmith", appears in the Aria from Handel's Suite no. 5 in E forharpsichord.
Another example is Giuliani'sSei variazioni sull'aria "A Schisserl und a Reindl"
, op. 38, which is a set of variations on
the Austrian Folkslied A Schisserl und a Reindl, is åll mein Kuchlg'schirr
, used in the play Der Kaufmannsbude
(1796), with music by Johann Baptist Henneberg (1768–1822) and text by Schikaneder; and in the play Der
Marktschreyer (1799), with music by Franz Xaver Süssmayr (1766–1803) and text by Friedrich Karl Lippert. [6]
(Beethoven used the same theme in his work op.105, number 3 for flute and piano.)
His three-movement sonata Op. 15 is a clever , witty work and one of the most developed examples of the genre for
guitar
The several sets of extendedRossiniana reside at the pinnacle of nineteenth-century operatic pot pourri for guitar .
Giuliani's achievements as a composer were numerous. Giuliani's 150 compositions for guitar with opus number constitute the
nucleus of the nineteenth-century guitar repertory. He composed extremely challenging pieces for solo guitar as well as works for
orchestra and Guitar-Violin and Guitar-Flute duos.

Outstanding pieces by Giuliani include his three guitar concertos (op. 30, 36 and 70); a series of six fantasias for guitar solo, op. 119-
124, based on airs from Rossini operas and entitled the "Rossiniane"; several sonatas for violin and guitar and flute and guitar; a
quintet, op. 65, for strings and guitar; some collections for voice and guitar, and a Grand Overture written in the Italian style. He also
transcribed many symphonic works, both for solo guitar and guitar duo. One such transcription arranges the overture The
to Barber of
Seville by Rossini, for two guitars. There are further numerous didactic works, among which is a method for guitar that is used
frequently by teachers to this day.

Today, Giuliani's concertos and solo pieces are performed by professionals and still demonstrate the ability of the guitarist to play the
piece, as well as Giuliani's natural ability as a composer for the classical guitar
.

Original Sources of Themes

Giuliani arranged many 19th century opera themes for the guitar, e.g. from the opera Semiramide by Gioachino Rossini. His work Le
Rossiniane also includes numerous themes from theoperas of Rossini.

Themes in Giuliani's Le Rossiniane

Rossiniana I, op. 119

Introduction (Andantino)
"Assisa a piè d’un salice" (Otello)
"Languir per una bella", Andante grazioso (L’Italienne à
Alger)
"Con gran piacer, ben mio", Maestoso (L’Italienne à Alger)
"Caro, caro ti parlo in petto", Moderato (L’Italienne à Alger)
"Cara, per te quest’anima", Allegro Vivace (Armida)

Rossiniana II, op. 120

Introduction (Sostenuto)
"Deh ! Calma, o ciel", Andantino sostenuto (Otello)
"Arditi all’ire", Allegretto innocente (Armida)
"Non più mesta accanto al fuoco", Maestoso (Cendrillon)
"Di piacer mi balza il cor", (La pie voleuse) Original Cover of Part 1 of
"Fertilissima Regina", Allegretto (Cendrillon) Giuliani's Le Rossiniane

Rossiniana III, op. 121

Introduction (Maestoso Sostenuto)

"Un soave non so che" (Cendrillon)
"Oh mattutini albori!", Andantino (La dame du lac)
"Questo vecchio maledetto", (Le Turc en Italie)
"Sorte! Secondami", Allegro (Zelmira)
"Cinto di nuovi allori", Maestoso (Ricciardo et Zoraïde)

Rossiniana IV, op. 122

Introduction (Sostenuto-Allegro Maestoso)

"Forse un dì conoscerete", Andante (La pie voleuse)
"Mi cadono le lagrime" (La pie voleuse)
"Ah se puoi così lasciarmi", Allegro Maestoso (Moïse en Egypte)
"Piacer egual gli dei", Maestoso (Mathilde de Shabran)
 "Voglio ascoltar" (La pierre de touche)

Rossiniana V, op. 123

Introduction (Allegro con brio)

"E tu quando tornerai", Andantino mosso (Tancrède)
"Una voce poco fa" (Le Barbier de Séville)
"Questo è un nodo avviluppato", Andante sostenuto (Cendrillon)
"Là seduto l’amato Giannetto", Allegro (La pie voleuse)
"Zitti zitti, piano piano", Allegro (Le Barbier de Séville)

Rossiniana VI, op. 124

Introduction (Maestoso)
"Qual mesto gemito", Larghetto (Sémiramis)
"Oh quante lagrime finor versai", Maestoso (La dame du lac)
"Questo nome che suona vittoria", Allegro brillante (Le siège de Corinthe)

The "Introduction" from Rossiniana No. 2 has become well known in popular culture due to its inclusion in the Counter Strike Italy
map.

List of compositions

Instruments used by Giuliani

Of the instruments used by Giuliani, there are guitars made by:

possibly: Gennaro Fabricatore, (Naples 1809)[7] (now in the collection of Gianni Accornero)
At the bottom of the guitar, one can see the initials M G. The guitarcase also has the initials M G.
briefly: Pons l'Aîné (Joseph Pons), (Paris 1812)
This Pons guitar was made forArchduchess Marie Louise of Austriain Paris 1812, and later given to Giuliani: is
known to have been in Giuliani's possession only briefly .[8] Giuliani later gave it to the amateur guitarist Christopher
Bilderbeck de Monte as a present. However , Giuliani did not often play this 1812 guitar: it hardly shows signs of
use.[8]
unlikely: Pons l'Aîné (Joseph Pons), (Paris 1825) (now in the collection of Gianni Accornero)
The back cover of a CD claims"Giuliani's original Guitar Pons l'Aîné 1825".[9] Though this is probably a deceptive
and possibly intentionally ambiguous claim. Gianni Accornero wrote the CD's liner notes about the guitar , and
claims: "This instrument is in actual fact identical to the one which Joseph had made for Empress Marie-Louise of
Habsburg, the wife of Napoleon, who later gave it to Giuliani. This instrument became one of his favourites. Not only
the model is the same, but also are the different types of wood used for its construction. [9] "

However Paul Pleijsier is critical of these claims; and has found flaws and inconsistencies in Accornero's claims. [10]

Pleijsier states that there is no evidence that Giuliani ever played the 1825 Pons. [10]
Eduardo Catemario (the performer on the CD) has insinuated"E' interessante notare che questa Pons è molto simile
(per non dire identica) a quella di Giuliani",.[11]

Books about Mauro Giuliani

Biographies
Thomas F. Heck: Mauro Giuliani : a life for the guitar (GFA Refereed Monographs, 2) : Published as an e-book
(Kindle, ePub) by the Guitar Foundation of America, 2013.ISBN 978-0-9833602-1-6. Updates the author's 1995
monograph on Giuliani, cited below.
Nicola Giuliani: Mauro Giuliani, Ascesa e declino del virtuoso della chitarra (Guitar virtuoso: his hearly life and final
decline) 2005, ISBN 88-87618-06-2
Nicola Giuliani: La sesta corda. Vita narrata di Mauro Giuliani, Bari, Levante, 2008 ("La Puglia nei documenti", 12).
ISBN 978-88-7949-495-3
 Nicola Giuliani: La sexta cuerda. Vida narrada de Mauro Giuliani (Spanish edition). Editorial Piles, V alencia.
ISBN 978-84-15928-62-1
Thomas F. Heck: Mauro Giuliani : virtuoso guitarist and composer. Columbus : Editions Orphée, 1995. Reprinted in
paperback 1997. Sold out in 2005; superseded by Mauro Giuliani : a Life for the Guitar (2013) cited above. (English)
ISBN 0-936186-87-9 OCLC 32394767
Nicola Giuliani: Omaggio a Mauro Giuliani : l'Orfeo della PugliaType: Italian : Book Book Publisher: [S.l. : s.n.], 1999.
OCLC 45035045
Marco Riboni: Mauro Giuliani (1782–1829) : profilo biografico-critico ed analisi delle trascrizioni per chitarra Type:
Italian : Book Book : Thesis/dissertation/manuscript Publisher: Anno accademico 1990-1991. OCLC 32930581
Marco Riboni: Mauro Giuliani (1781–1829) : profilo biografico-critico ed analisi delle trascrizioni per chitarraype:
T
English : Book Book Publisher: [S.l. : s.n.], 1992.OCLC 69237592
Brian Jeffery: Introduction and indexes Type: English : Book Book Publisher: London : e Tcla Editions, ©1988.
OCLC 24958769
Filippo E Araniti: Nuove acquisizioni sull'opera e sulla vita di Mauro Giuliani : gli anni del soggiorno napoletano
(1824–1829) Type: Italian : Book Book Publisher: Barletta-Trani : Regione Puglia-Assessorato Pubblica Istruzione,
1993. OCLC 42716282
Thomas F. Heck: "The birth of the classic guitar and its cultivation in Vienna, reflected in the career and compositions
of Mauro Giuliani (died 1829)" ; Biography in V ol. 1, Thematic catalogue of the complete works of Mauro Giuliani in
Vol. 2. Type: English : Doctoral dissertation, Yale University, 1970.
Brian Jeffery: Introductions and indexes to Mauro Giuliani : Complete Works. Type: English : Book Book.Publisher:
Penderyn, South Wales : Tecla Editions, 1988. OCLC 52613698

Analysis
Yvonne Regina Chavez:The flute and guitar duos of Mauro GiulianiBook: Thesis/dissertation/manuscript Publisher:
1991. (English) OCLC 24571012
Roger West Hudson: The orchestration of theguitar concerto : a comparison of the Concerto in A major , op. 30, by
Mauro Giuliani and the Concierto del sol by Manuel Ponce. ype:
T English : Book Book :
Thesis/dissertation/manuscript. Publisher: 1992.OCLC 31118635
Heike Vajen Rossiniana no. 6 op. 124 by Mauro Giuliani.Type: German : Book Book. Publisher: Celle : Moeck,
(1986). OCLC 46051295
Volker Höh: Sonata op. 15 : Fingersatz by Mauro Giuliani. Type: Book Book Publisher: Celle : Moeck, 1989.
OCLC 46095695
Horacio Ceballos: Sonata Op. 15 [Música] by Mauro Giuliani. ype:
T Spanish : Book Book. Publisher: Buenos Aires,
Argentina : RICORDI, 1977.OCLC 70134745
Kurt L Schuster: Performing Joseph Haydn's Divertimento a quattro, opus 2, no. 2 and Mauro Giuliani's Grand
sonata eroica, opus 150. Type: English : Book Book : Thesis/dissertation/manuscript. Publisher: 1989.:
OCLC 20402277

References
1. Michael Lorenz: "New Light on Mauro Giuliani's Vienna Years" (http://michaelorenz.blogspot.co.at/2015/04/new-light-
on-mauro-giulianis-vienna.html)(Vienna, 2015)
2. Österreichisch-ungarische Revue(https://books.google.com/books?id=MOqzAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-P
A165&dq=%22M
auro+Giuliani%22+%22Ducatenconcerte%22&lr=&as_brr=3) . 1864.
3. "earnest: zealous with sincerity; with hearty endeavor; heartfelt; fervent; hearty
" (http://machaut.uchicago.edu/?resou
rce=Webster%27s&word=earnest&use1913=on). Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
4. "pathetic: Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp. pity or grief; full of pathos
" (http://machaut.uchicago.edu/?re
source=Webster%27s&word=pathetic&use1913=on). Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam,
1913.
5. Philip James Bone. "The guitar and mandolin, 1914"(https://archive.org/stream/guitarmandolinbi00bone#page/127/
mode/1up).
6. Lisa Feurzeig; John Sienicki; Friedrich Satzenhoven; Franz oVlkert (2007). Quodlibets of the Viennese theater (http
s://books.google.com/books?id=GkESElZF25EC&pg=P A297&dq=%22a+sch%C3%BCsserl+und+a+reindl%22&as_
brr=3). A-R Editions, Inc. ISBN 978-0-89579-623-3.
7. Giuliani's Fabricatore guitar(http://www.maccaripugliese.com/Duo_Maccari-Pugliese/N-giulguitar.html) 2 (http://www.
maccaripugliese.com/Duo_Maccari-Pugliese/Album.html)image (http://maurogiuliani.free.fr/en/guitar_giuliani.php)
 8. Found: A Giuliani Guitar, Kept In A London Bank Since 1816 (http://www.paulpleijsier.nl/assets/pdf/soundboard_200
1.pdf) by Paul Pleijsier, 2001
9. CD back cover image (http://www.paulpleijsier.nl/assets/images/uploaded/PerformedwithGiulianisoriginalguitar .jpg);
Giuliani Concerto CD1 (http://artsmusic.de/Concertos_Nos1_2_for_Guitar_and_Orchestra/topic/sacd/shop_art_id/46
8/tpl/artsmusic_article_detail)(also available: Giuliani Concerto CD2 (http://artsmusic.de/Concerto_for_Guitar_and_
Orchestra_No3Gran_Quintetto_for_Guitar_and_StringsV ariations_for_Guita/topic/blueline/shop_art_id/307/tpl/artsm
usic_article_detail), or double CD (http://artsmusic.de/Concertos_for_Guitar_and_Orchestra_Nos_1_-_3/topic/bluelin
e/shop_art_id/324/tpl/artsmusic_article_detail) ) Liner notes about the instrument, written by Gianni Accornero.
10. Duimzuigerij over een Pons-gitaar(http://www.paulpleijsier.nl/blog/?p=17)
11. Catemario on the 1825 Pons guitar(http://www.catemario.com/core/e107_plugins/forum/forum_viewtopic.php?826.4
#post_839) (see also (http://www.catemario.com/core/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.25))

External links
Michael Lorenz: "New Light on Mauro Giuliani's Vienna Years" (Vienna, 2015)
Biography (The guitar and mandolinby Philip James Bone, 1914)
Associazione Giuliani
Found: A Giuliani Guitar, Kept In A London Bank Since 1816 by Paul Pleijsier, 2001
Information (Tecla Editions)

Sheetmusic
Rischel & Birket-Smith's Collection of guitar music1 Det Kongelige Bibliotek, Denmark
Boije Collection The Music Library of Sweden
George C. Krick Collection of Guitar MusicWashington University
GFA Archive
maurogiuliani.free.fr
creativeguitar.org (sheetmusic largely compiled from the above primary sources)
Free scores by Mauro Giulianiat the International Music Score Library Project(IMSLP)
Free scores at the Mutopia Project

Images of Giuliani
Image (www.beethoven-haus-bonn.de)
"Images related to Mauro Giuliani". NYPL Digital Gallery.
image (ref.)

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