ofbj dlxnfx?

sf] n}lËs cj:yf

-dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf] ;f]gdf uf=kf=–% v}/jgL ufpFsf] Ps ;dfhzf:qLo cWoog_

lqe'jg ljZjljBfno kf6g ;+o'Qm SofDk;, dfgljsL tyf ;dfhzf:q zª\sfo cGt/ut
;dfhzf:q ljifosf] :gftsf]Q/ txsf]] cf+lzs cfjZostf
k'/f ug{sf nflu k|:t't ul/Psf]
zf]w - kq

zf]w stf{
dGh' s'df/L

1
cWoogsf] k[i&e'dL tyf kl/ro

g]kfn Ps ax'hflto, ax'eflifs ,ax';f+:s[lts, ax'wfld{s ljz]iftf af]s]sf] d'n's xf] . hxfF
g]kfnsf] /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^* cg';f/ !@% hfthflt ;d"x / cGo s]xL ckl/eflift hft
;d"x a;f]af; ub{5g\ . h; cg';f/ If]qL !^=^ %,a|fxd0f !@=@ %, du/ &=!%, yf? ^=^%,
tdfª %=*%, g]jf/ %%, sfdL $=*%, d';Ndfg $=$%, ofbj $% , /fO{ @=#% / #!=@%
/x]sf 5g\ . o;/L tL hfltx? dWo]sf] ofbj hflt klg Ps xf] . h;n] cfkm\gf] lsl;dsf]
df}lns klxrfg af]s]sf] 5 . g]kfndf k/fk"j{ sfn b]lv g} ljleGg hfthfltsf] ;ld>0f ePsf]
/ wfld{s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ?kdf z+lxi0f'tf /xL cfPsf] 5 . b]zsf] ljleGg efudf leGbf leGb}
hfltx? 5l/P/ a;f]jf; u/]sf 5g\ . ljif]z ul/ g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf ofbjx?sf] afSnf]
a;f]jf; /x]sf] 5 . -s]=t=lj,@)!$_

k|frLg ;Gbe{df ofbj hfltsf] d"ndf lglxt j+zjfbsf] ljlzli6 l;4fGt cg';f/ uf]kfn
hfltx? ToxL ob'j+zaf6 cjtl/t ePsf] xf] h;df >L s[i0f -uf]kfns jf Iflqo_ sf] hGd
ePsf] lyof] . pgLx?df of] b[9 ljZjf; 5 ls pgLx? ;a} >L s[i0f;+u ;DalGwt 5g\ tyf
jt{dfgsf ofbj hflt pxL k|frLg j[xt ofbj ;d ;d"xaf6 ljvl08t eP/ ag]sf] xf] .
jt{dfg kl/k]R5df clx/ -jt{dfgdf ofbj_ hfltsf] j+zfjnL Ps ;}4flGts s|dsf] cfbz{df
cfwfl/t 5 tyf logsf] k"j{h uf]kfns of]4f >L s[i0fdf s]lGb|t 5 -ofbj ljlskLl8of,
@)!*_ .

g]kfnsf] gfdfs/0f x'g'eGbf cufj} b]lv ofbj hflt o; If]qdf a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf k|;:t
b:tfj]hx? pknAw 5g\ . vu]Gb| lg/f}nfn] cfkm\gf] k':ts g]kfn kl/ro -g]kfn cWoog_,
P3f/f}+ ;+:s/0f @)^# df pNn]v eP adf]lhd g]kfn zAbsf] pTklt;+u uf]kfn j+zsf Oltxf;
hf]l8Psf] 5 . Oltxf;ljb\ wgah| ah|frfo{Ho"n] xfd|f] o; clw/fHon] g]kfn gfdfs/0fdf
uf]kfnj+zL zf;sx?sf] ;DaGw /x]sf] b]lvG5 egL cfkm\gf] k':ts k~rfnL zf;g k4tLsf]
P]ltxfl;s ljj]rgfdf pNn]v u/]sfaf6 of] gfd uf]kfnj+zL /fhfx?s} zf;g sfndf /x]sf]
s'/f gsf{g ;lsb}g . o; ;d'bfosf] Oltxf; uf}/jk"0f{ 5 . /fO6 jz+fjnLsf cg';f/ g]kfnsf
k|yd /fhf uf]kfnj+zL -ofbj_ lyP . uf]kfnj+zL /fhfx? e'Qmdfg b]lv oIf ;Dd cf7 /fhfn]
%@! jif{ ;Dd g]kfndf zf;g u/]sf lyP To; kl5 dlxifkfnx?n] !!! jif{ & dlxgf ;Dd
/fhf d"n l;+xb]lv e"jg l;+x;Ddn] /fHo u/]sf] j[tfGt ss{Kofl6«ssf] n]vdf pNn]v 5 .
2
Plzofl6s l/;r{;\ efu ( k[i6 @#* df ;d]t /fli6«o ;tfAbLsf] cf/Dedf clx/ -ofbj_ n]
g]kfndf /fHo ub{y] / pgLx?sf] ;DaGw a+ufnsf] kfnj+zLx?;+u /x]sf] klg pNn]v 5 .
Ol08og PG6So"/L efu Ps k[i6 $!! Dff uf]ks"n lz/f]dl0f 4jfl/sflwz >Ls[i0f cfkm\gf gflt
cg?4nfO{ jfgf;"/af6 arfpgsf nflu g]kfn k|j]z u/]sf] pNn]v 5 . pgLx? rt'/, a'l4dfg
/ jnjfg ePsf sf/0f g]kfndf pgLx?sf] zlQm -k|efj_ km}lnPsf] lyof] . -ofbj,@)^*_

olt x'bfF x'b} klg xfn ofbj hflt g]kfndf Pp6f lk5l8Psf] hfltx?df kb{5 . h; hfltsf
dlxnfx? cem k5f8L k/]sf 5g\ . ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts, tyf z}lIfs If]qdf lgs} g}
k5f8L /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ljz]if ul/ t/fO{ If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ ofbj hfltx? cfkm\gf 5f]/L
a'xf/Lx?nfO{ ;lhn} aflx/ lx88'n ug{ lbb}gg\ . ofbj hfltsf dlxnfx? lzIffdf lgs} g}
k5f8L k/]sf 5g\ .

g]kfndf ljz]iful/ @))& ;fn kl5 g]kfnL ;dfhsf] af/]df :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ;dfhzf:qLo,
dfgjzf:qLo cWoogx? x'g yfn] . t/ of] cWoogx? l;ldt dfqfdf dfq 5g\ . oL
cWoogx?n] 5l/P/ /x]sf hfthflt tyf dlxnfx?sf] af/]df lj:t[t cWoog u/]sf] kfO{b}g .

;dfhsf] af/]df cWoog ubf{ n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 cWoog ug{ clt g} cfjZos x'g hfG5
lsgeg] ;dfhdf dlxnf / k'?if b'j} ;d"x x'G5g\ / tL b'j} ;d"xsf] ;dfh ;~rfngdf plQs}
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 . Pp6f /fi6«sf] ljsf;df k'?ifsf] hlt b]g /x]sf] x'G5, Tolt g} b]g
dlxnfsf] klg /x]sf] x'G5 . cyf{t dlxnf / k'?if Ps csf{sf k'/s x'g\ . ;[li6sf] z'?jft
b]lvg} dlxnf / k'?if b'j}n] sfdsf] afF8kmf8 u/]sf 5g\ . k'?if zf/Ll/s ?kn] alnof] ePsfn]
p;n] lzsf/ ug]{ / kl/jf/sf] ;'/Iff ug]{ / dlxnfn] afnaRrfx?sf] x]/ljrf/ ug]{, vfgf
ksfpg] cflb sfd ub{y] . To;}n] x/]s kl/jf/ tyf ;dfh ToxfF a;f]af; ug]{ dlxnf /
k'?ifsf] ;+o'Qm of]ubfgaf6 g} rn]sf] x'G5 . cyjf dlxnf / k'?if Ps /ysf b'O{ kfª\u|f x'g\ .
Ps lagf csf{sf] cl:tTj ;Dej x'b}g . t/ ljz]if u/L blIf0f PlzofnL d"n'sx?df
dlxnfx?sf] cj:yf lgs} g} bolgo /x]sf] 5 . s'g} ;dfh jf ljifo j:t'sf] cWoog ubf{
ToxfFsf] cj:yfdfly k|sfz kfg'{ cg';Gwfgstf{sf] st{Jo xf] . n}lªs lje]bdf ;b}j dlxnf
dfq} k/]sf] x'Fb}gg\ . k'?ifx? klg kg{ ;Sb5g\ . t/ g]kfn h:tf] lkt[;QfTds ;dfhdf
dlxnfx? k'?if4f/f ckx]lnt 5g\ . h;n] ;Eo ;dfh cyjf ljsl;t ;dfh lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf
g} afwf pTkGg e}/x]sf] 5 . h}ljs leGgtfs} sf/0fn] dlxnfx? k'?ifeGbf sdhf]/, c;Ifd Pj+
3
bf]>f] bhf{sf ?kdf kl/eflift eO/x]sf 5g\ . dlxnfx? k"0f{ ?kn] k'?if ;/x ;Ifd x'Fbfx'Fb} klg
cfˆgf] JolQmtTj lgdf{0f ug]{ jftfj/0f kfPsf 5}gg\ . h;n] ubf{ ;dfhsf] x/]s kIf k|efljt
ePsf] 5 -cfrfo{, @)^!_ . ctM o; zf]w kqdf ofbj hfltdf dlxnfx?sf] ;fdflhs,
;f+:s[lts, cfly{s tyf /fhgLlts If]qx?df dlxnf / k'?if aLr n}lËs ?kdf /x]sf]
;sf/fTds ;DaGw / lje]bsf] d'4fnfO{ s]Gb| laGb' dfgL cWoog ul/Psf] 5 .

cWoogsf] pb]Zox?

o; cWoogsf] d'Vo pb]Zo ;f]gdf uf=kf=–% df /x]sf ofbj dlxnfx?sf] n}lËs cWoog ug'{
/x]sf] 5 . o; cWoogsf ljlzi6 pb]Zox? lgDg 5g\ M

!= ofbj dlxnfx?sf] ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts tyf cfly{s k[i6e"lddfly k|sfz kfg'{,

@= ofbj dlxnfx?sf] /fhg}lts ;r]tgfsf] cj:yf af/]df ljZn]if0f ug'{,

#= ofbj hfltsf]] dlxnf / k'?if aLr /x]sf] ;fF:s[lts lje]bLs/0f dfly k|sfz kfg'{ .

n}lËstfsf]
stfsf] ljsf;

ljZjdf ljsf; ePsf ljleGg ;dosf ljleGg k|s[ltsf dlxnf cfGbf]ngx?n] dlxnfsf]
e"ldsf / cj:yfsf ljleGg kIfaf/] JofVof / ljZn]if0f ub}{ dlxnfsf] ljsf; x'g g;Sg'sf
sf/0fx? cf}NofPsf] 5 . ;du|df dlxnf lk5l8Psf tyf c;dfgtfsf] cj:yfdf /xg k'u]sf]
lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] ;Gbe{df / ljsf;sf nflu cufl8 a9fO{Psf ljleGg /0fgLltx?sf
kl/0ffd:j?k klg cf;ftLt ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ g;lsPsf] ;Gbe{df ;fdflhs lnËnfO{
ljsf;sf] d'4fsf] ?kdf lnO{Psf] 5 . ;g\ !(%) kl5 cufl8 ;fl/Psf] cfw'lglss/0fsf]
l;4fGt cg';f/ k'glg{df{0f, cf}Bf]lus ljsf; tyf k|ljlwsf] x:tfGt/0fdf afXo of]hgf /
cfly{s Pj+ k|fljlws ;xof]usf] dxTjnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] kfO{G5 . of] l;4fGt vf; u/L t]>f]
ljZjsf b]zx? / bf]>f] ljZjo'4af6 Ifltu|:t d'n'sx?sf nflu a9L ;DalGwt lyof] . o;df
cfly{s j[l4nfO{ dfq hf]8 lbb} cfly{s ljsf;sf kIfx? /fhg}lts ljsf;, jftfj/0fLo ljsf;
/ ;fdflhs ;fF:s[lts ljsf;nfO{ j]jf:tf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;g\ !(^) sf] bzsdf cfO{k'Ubf
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] o; bzsnfO{ æljsf;sf nflu ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3Lo bzsÆ 3f]if0ff u¥of] .
ljZjsf sof}+ /fi6«x? o;} bzssf] z'?;Dd :jtGq eP . o; ;dodf klZrld ljsf;sf]

4
z}nLsf] cjwf/0ffsf ;fydf ;dfhjfbL cjwf/0ff klg cl:tTjdf cfof] . o; ;dfhjfbL
dfGotf cg';f/ cfw'lglss/0fsf] l;4fGtn] ul/aL a9fPsf], zf]if0f u/]sf] / k/lge{/tfnfO{
k|>o lbPsf] egL cfnf]rgf u/]sf] kfO{G5 . o; ;dodf dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] ult lnPsf] kfO{G5
. sfg"gL e]befj tyf dlxnfn] ub}{ cfPsf] s[ofsnfk dflysf] ef/ 36fpg] / lzIffdf b]lvPsf]
c;dfgtfsf lj?4 dlxnfx?n] cfjfh p7fPsf] kfO{G5 . o; ;dodf dlxnfx?nfO{ ljsf;sf]
d'n k|jfxdf ;fd]n u/fO{g' kb{5 eGg] sfo{gLlts ;jfn dha't ePsf] b]lvG5 . dlxnfx?sf]
lzIff, :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs sNof0fsf If]qdf ljsf; ug{ gLltut ?kdf g} sfo{of]hgfx?
tof/ kfl/Psf] kfO{G5 . o; k|ls|ofdf ljsf;df dlxnf (WID) cjwf/0ffsf] Jojxfl/s ?k
k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . vf; u/L cd]l/sL pbf/jfbL dlxnfx?n] ;g\ !(&) sf] bzsdf of]
cjwf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf] xf] -cfrfo{, @)&)_.

dlxnf / ljsf; (WAD) cjwf/0ffsf] ;}4flGts k[i7e'ld x]bf{ of] k/lge{/ ;}4flGts
dfGotfaf6 lgb]{lzt ePsf] b]lvG5 . cfw'lglss/0fsf] l;4fGt tyf cfly{s j[l4 Pj+ dflyaf6
tn hfg] ljsf;sf] /0fgLlt dfkm{tsf] ljsf;n] k[i7 If]qsf b]zdf k/ lge{/tf l;h{gf u/]sf] /
o:tf lge{/tf leq klg dlxnfsf] cj:yf emg bogLo b]lvPkl5 ljsf;sf dfWodaf6
dlxnfsf] d'lSt / o;}af6 ;d'Ggt ;dfhsf] l;h{gf ug]{ u/L o; cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf; ePsf]
b]lvG5 . o; cjwf/0ffdf dlxnfnfO{ s]lGb|t u/]/ ljsf;sf] /0fgLlt ljsf; ug]{ geO{ ljsf;
k|ls|ofdf dlxnfnfO{ ;+u;+u} ;dfj]z u/fpg' kg]{ ;}4flGts cjwf/0ffnfO{ hf]8 lbO{Psf] 5 .
jt{dfg ;dodf ;fdflhs lnË / ljsf; (GAD) cjwf/0ffn] lgs} dxTj kfPsf] 5 .
;dfhsf ljleGg txdf /x]sf lnË lje]bsf sf/0f pTkGg kl/l:yltn] ;du| ljsf; c;Gt'lnt
eO{ ;dfhn] ljsf;sf] km8\sf] dfg{ g;s]sf] ;Gbe{df ;dtfd'ns ljsf;sf] kl/sNkgf af]s]/
ljsf;df o; cjwf/0ffsf] k|j]z ePsf] xf] . oBlk n}lËs lje]b / o; lje]bn] ;dfhdf
kf/]sf] k|efjsf af/]df ulx/f] ax; ljZn]if0f o; cl3 ;g\ !(%) b]lv g} z'? ePsf lyP /
kl/0ffd:j?k ;g\ !(*) sf] bzsdf ;fdflhs lnË / ljsf; cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf; ePsf] xf] .
of] cjwf/0ff ;dfhjfbL dlxnfjfbn] cl3 ;f/]sf d'ne't dfGotfdf a9L ;DalGwt 5 . o;/L
ljsf;df dlxnf (WID) cjwf/0ff o;sf] cEof;s} k|ls|ofaf6 ;fdflhs lnË / ljsf;
(GAD) cjwf/0ffdf ?kfGt/0f ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . ;du|df lje]bsf k|ls|ofdf dlxnf k'?if
b'a}df nlIft u/L sfo{s|d ;+rfngsf] cfjZostf dfly k|sfz kfg'{sf ;fy} n}lËs ljsf;sf]
5
cjwf/0ff k'?if lj/f]wL cjwf/0ff gagL ;dtfdf cfwfl/t ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff x'g'kg]{ tYodf
hf]8 lbO{of] . -cfrfo{, @)&)_

cg';Gwfg lalw
o; cWoogdf cWoog If]qsf ofbj ;dfhsf dlxnfx?sf] ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts tyf cfly{s
cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{sf] nflu k|fKt tYofÍx?nfO{ JofVof ug{ cGj]if0ffTds
tyf j0f{gfTds 9fFrf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . cg';Gwfg If]qdf cg';Gwfgstf{ cfkm} pkl:yt e}
pQm ;dfhsf dlxnfx?sf] ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts tyf cfly{s cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L
xfl;n u/L JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . kl/jf/nfO{ cWoogsf] O{sfOsf] ?kdf dflgPsf] 5 . o;sf
nflu k|ZgfanL, cGt/jftf{ tyf cjnf]sg ljlw d'Vo ?kdf ckgfO{Psf] lyof] .

cWoogsf] l;df
x/]s cWoog cg';Gwfx? cf–cfkm\g} lsl;dsf l;dfx?n] afFlwPsf] x'G5g\ . To;}s|ddf o;
cWoogsf klg s]xL l;dfx? /x]sf 5g\ . of] cWoog :gftsf]Q/ pkflwsf nflu ul/Psf]
zf]wkq ePsfn] o;df ;do, >f]t / cfly{s cefjsf sf/0f cWoog If]qsf ;Dk"0f{
JolQmx?;+u ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . of] cWoog v}/jgL uf= lj= ;= df dfq ul/Psf]n]
g]kfnsf cGoGq 7fpFdf a;f]af; ug]{ ofbj ;dfhsf] xsdf nfu' gx'g klg ;S5 .
cWoog If]qsf] gS;f

6
cWoogsf] s|ddf a^
a^'lnPsf cg'ejx?

o; cWoogsf] s|ddf cWoog If]qdf hfFbf ljleGg cg'ejx? ;+uflnPsf 5g\ . ;fljs
v}/jgL uf= lj= ;= df af6f]3f6f]x? sRrL 5g\ hxfF avf{ dlxgfdf 7fpF 7fFpdf kfgL hDg],
af6f]df lxnf]n] ubf{ lx8\g ;d:of x'g], oxfF k|foh;f] ef/tLo Go"h Rofgnx? a9L x]g]{,
kqklqsfx? klg ljz]if u/L ef/tLo kqklqsf g} k9\g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . h;af6 oxfFsf
dflg;x? cfkm" g]kfnL g} x'F eGg] efjgfdf IooLs/0f x'g x'g vf]h]sf] b]lvG5 lsg eg]
cfkm"x? g]kfn ef/t l;dfdf a;]sf]n] g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfkm"x?nfO{ Tolt jf:tf gu/]sf] egL
u'gf;f klg kf]v], To; If]qdf xfn klg g]kfnL kqklqsfx? k'u]sf] b]lvb}g\ . klqsf lngsf
nflu dfq} alb{af; ls t uf}zfnf k'Ug' k5{ h'g ToxfF b]lv lgs} 6f9f /x]sf] 5 . lzlIft
hg;+Vof Hofb} Go"g 5, a9L h;f] ls;fg ls t j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf nflu hfg]u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
clzIffsf sf/0f k|Zg ;f]Wg] s|ddf sl7gfO{ ef]Ug' k/]sf] lyof] . sltko uf]Ko s'/f vf]lnG5
eGg] 8/n] ;fwf/0f k|Zg ubf{ klg pQ/ lbg uf¥xf] dfg]sf lyP eg] k|foh;f] pQ/bftfx?sf]
$,% j6f 5f]/f5f]/Lx? /x]sf 5g\ h;n] ubf{ klg pgLx?df kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwg k|lt
Tolt ;r]t ePsf 5}gg\ eGg] s'/f b]lvG5 . ljleGg ;+:sf/sf af/]df ;f]Wbf dlxnfx? k'?ifsf]
t'ngfdf a9L a|t a:g], 5f]/f hlGdbf l;Gb'/sf l6sf % k6s / 5f]/L hlGdbf ! k6s nufpg],
hlt 5f]/L kfP klg 5f]/f kfpg} kg]{, 5f]/L & j6f ;Dd hGdfP klg 5f]/f gkfpbf cfkmGt tyf
l5d]sLsf] tfgf ;xg\ g;s]/ lj/fdL k/L d/]sf] 36gf klg ;'Gg kfO{of], 5f]/fn] ubf{ g} j+zh
rNg] / 5f]/fn] g} bfualQ lbFbf dfq :ju{ uOG5 eGg] efjgfn] h/f uf8]sf] b]lvof] . 5f]/Lsf]
ljjfx sd pd]/df ul/lbg] rng klg AofKt ?kdf 5 . To; If]qdf o:tf cWoog
cg';Gwfgx? klxnf gePsfn] o:tf k|Zgx? lsg ;f]w]sf] o;n] TkfO{nfO{ s] kmfO{bf x'G5 <
cfkm" ;+u lnPsf] hfgsf/L sxL cGo 7fFpdf ;fj{hlgs t ug]{ x}g < eGg] h:tf k|Zg klg
u/], ;fy} dlxnfx? cfkm"n] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lx? >Ldfg tyf 3/sf cGo ;b:on] yfxf kfP eg]
s] eGnf egL 8/fPsf] cj:yf klg lyof] t/ jxfFx?sf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm a8f] ulDe/tf k"j{s lbb}+
cfkm"nfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] Joltut :jfy{ g/x]sf] tyf o:tf cWoogn] TkfO{x?nfO{ g} eljiodf
kmfObf k'Unf egL hjfkm kmsf{P . cg';Gwfgstf{ pQm ufpF;+u kl/lrt ePsfn], ljBfyL{
ePsf] / cfkm\gf] cWoog k'/f ug{sf nflu ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg xf] eGg] s'/f ub}{ of] zf]wsfo{sf]
dxTj b;f{pFb} Hofb} s'zntfk"j{s pQ/x? lbg clek|]l/t ul/Psf] lyof] .

7
lgZsif{

• logLx?df ax';+Vos dflg;x? cem} klg ;+o'St kl/jf/df g} a;f]af; u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

• lg/If/ ;d'bfosf] alnof] pkl:ylt 5 eg] pRr lzIffdf Go"g pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 .
To;df klg k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnfsf] z}lIfs cj:yf cem sdhf]/ kfO{Psf] 5 .
To;}n] z}lIfs r]tgfsf] cefj cem} klg logLx?df /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o; ;dfhdf
afnaflnsfsf] lzIffnfO{ x]bf{ t'ngfTds ?kdf 5f]/fsf] lzIff k|lt s]lx a9L hfu?s
ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . o:tf] x'g'sf] k|d'v sf/0fx?df ufpF glhs} df=lj=/ pRr lzIffsf]
nflu SofDk; gx'g'nfO{ lnO{Psf] 5 .

• o; ;dfhdf ljjfxnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ ?kdf x]/]sf] b]lvG5 . logLx? rfF8f] ljjfx ug]{
ub{5g\ . cem k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnfsf] l56f] ljjfx ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;
;dfhdf klg ljz]if u/L dfuL ljjfxnfO{ g} a9L k|fyldstf lbg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

• ofbj ;dfhdf cem} klg c+wljZjf; / ?9LjfbL k/Dk/f sfod} /x]sf] kfO{G5 . cWoog
If]qsf ofbj dlxnfx? /fHosf] kx'rdf k'Ug ;s]sf 5}gg\ . aflx/L sfdx? w]/}h;f]
k'?ifn] g} ug]{ ePsf]n] dlxnfx? dxTjk"0f{ 7fpFdf ;+nUg x'gaf6 alGrt /x]sf 5g\ .

• kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] af/]df bogLo cj:yf gePtfklg Jofks hfu/0f eg] eO{ ;s]sf
5}gg\ . k'?ifx? dlxnfnfO{ ;fwg k|of]u ug{ pTk|]l/t ub{5g\ . To;}n] kl/jf/
lgof]hgsf ;fwg k|of]u ug]{ s|ddf dlxnf / k'?ifdf ;dfg kx'Fr eg] b]Vg ;lsb}g .

• ofbj ;dfhdf /fhg}lts 5nkmn cToGt} Go"g /x]sf] 5 . cWoog If]qsf ofbj
;dfhdf dflg;x? /fhgLlts r]tgf k|lt hfu?s /x]sf] b]lvP klg k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf
dlxnfx? /fhgLlts If]qdf w]/} k5f8L /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . dlxnfx?df /fhgLlts 1fg
klg vf;} ePsf] kfO{+b}g .

• ofbj ;dfhdf ax';+Vosn] lgjf{rgdf ul/g] dtbfgsf] lg0f{o >Ldfg\ >Ldltsf]

;Nnfxdf ug]{ u/]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 eg] dlxnfx?n] k'?ifsf] ;Nnfx lng] t/ k'?ifx?n]
dlxnfsf] ;Nnfx glng] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} g]tfsf] ;Nnfx lng] s'/fdf dlxnfx?

8
 z"Go 5g\ . 3/fo;L Jojxf/sf lg0f{ox?df k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnfsf] Go"g kx'Fr /x]sf]
5.

• ofbj ;dfhdf ;+rf/ If]qdf Go"g kx'Fr /x]sf] 5 . To;df klg dlxnfx?sf] t emg
Go"g kx'Fr /x]sf] 5 . ;+rf/sf] ;fwg pknAw geP/ pgLx? ;+rf/ ;Dks{af6 alGrt
/x]sf] s'/f g} ;+rf/ If]qdf kx'Fr sd ePsf] k|d'v sf/s tTj b]lvG5 .

• clwsf+z dlxnfx? gful/stfsf] cfjZostf kg]{ 7fpF h:t} /f]huf/, a}+s, hUuf
hldgsf] :jfldTj cflbdf pgLx?sf] kx'Fr Psbd} Go"g 5 . cWoog If]qsf ofbj
;dfhdf dlxnf eGbf k'?ifx?n] a9L dfg, ;Ddfg kfpF5g\ .

• kfl/jfl/s sf/0f / ;dfhsf] 8/ eGbf klg k/Dk/f b]lv rlncfPsf] rngn] ubf{
dlxnfx? w]/} lx+88'n ub}{gg\ h'g dlxnfx? kl5 kg'{sf] d'Vo sf/s tTj /x]sf 5g\ .

• ofbj ;dfhdf s[lif tyf dhb'/L k]zfdf afx'Notf /x]sf] b]lvG5 eg] hflu/ tyf
Jofkf/df Go"g kx'Fr /x]sf] 5 . o; cWoog If]qsf s]lx kl/jf/x? afx]s clwsf+z
kl/jf/x? cfkm\gf] v]lt ls;fgLaf6 jif}{ e/L vfg nfpg k'Ug] /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

• hUufsf] ljt/0fdf ;dfgtf 5}g . hUuf hldgdf dlxnfsf] kx'Fr sd /x]sf] kfO{G5 .
h;n] ubf{ klg kl/jf/df k'?if g} k|d'v /xg] dfGotfsf] ljsf; ePsf] kfO{G5 .

• o; ;dfhdf k'?ifsf] gfddf /x]sf] hUuf k'?ifs} gfddf dfq x:tfGt/0f x'G5 eGg]
dfGotf /x]sfn] e"lddf dlxnfsf] kx'Fr Go"g 5 .

• ;dfg sfd u/] klg dlxnf / k'?ifsf] sfdsf] d"Nof+sg Ps} lsl;dn] ul/+b}g .
dlxnfx?sf] sfo{ af]em k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf a9L /x]sf] 5 .

;'emfjx?

g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ hfltx? dWo] ofbj hflt klg Ps xf] . hg;+Vofsf] lx;fan] g]kfndf
ofbj hflt $% /x]sf] ePtfklg t'ngfTds ?kdf logLx? cem} klg ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts /
cfly{s ?kdf k5f8L k/]sf 5g\ . o;/L k5f8L kg'{sf ljleGg sf/0fx? x'g ;S5g\ . t;y{M

9
ofbj hfltsf] ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, cfly{s / n}lËs ?kdf dfly p7fpg lgDg ;'emfjx? lbg
;lsG5 .

cWoog If]qsf ofbj ;dfhdf dlxnf tyf k'?ifx?sf] pRr lzIffdf kx'Fr Go"g /x]sf
tyf afnaflnsfx?sf] ljBfno 5f]8\g] s|d a9L /x]sf] / To;df klg t'ngfTds ?kdf
5f]/Lx?n] ljBfno 5f8\g] s|d cem} a9L ePsfn] ufpFdf slDtdf :gfts :t/ ;Ddsf]
cWoog ug{ kfpg] u/L SofDk;sf] Joj:yf x'g cfjZos /x]sf] / To;sf nflu
;/sf/L :t/af6 klg kxn ug'{ kg]{ .

jif}{ e/L oftfoftsf ;fwgx? ;+rfng x'gsf nflu kSsL af6f]sf] Joj:yf ug{' kg]{ .

;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ ;Dks{sf nflu b}lgs ?kdf kq klqsf tyf g]kfnL Go"h
Rofgnx?sf] Joj:yf x'g cfjZos /x]sf] .

lj/fdLx?nfO{ pkrf/ u/fpg ufpFdf g} e/ kbf]{ tyf ;'ljwf ;DkGg c:ktfn x'g' kg]{
.

5f]/f5f]/Lx?sf] l9nf] ljjfx ug]{ k/Dk/f sfod ug'{ kg]{ .

kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx?sf] k|of]u ;DalGw hgr]tgf d'ns tflndx?sf] cfof]hgf

ug'{ kg]{ .

dlxnfx?sf] klg hflu/df kx'Fr a9fpgsf nflu tof/Ldf ;xof]u tyf pTk|]/0ff
hufpg' kg]{ .

dlxnfx?sf] cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu cfw'lgs lzkd"ns tflnd h:t}
l;nfO{ a'gfO{, s6fO{ ;DalGwt tflndsf ;fy} ufpFd} s[lif ahf/ tyf ;xsf/Lsf]
Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ .

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