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Assessment of the EYE

External Eye Normal Findings Abnormal Findings

EYEBROWS
Hair distribution, Evenly distributed Absence of the
alignment, skin, hair, intact skin, lateral third of the
quality, and symmetrically eyebrow is
movement aligned, equal associated with
movement hyperthyroidism.
EYELASHES
Hair distribution and Absent lashes may
direction of curl Evenly distributed indicate pulling or
hair, curled outward plucking due to OC
EYELIDS dso.
Surface
characteristics, Skin intact, no Periorbital edema,
position in relation discolorization, hordeolum, basal
to the cornea, ability approximately 15 cell carcinoma,
to blink, frequency to 20 involuntary ptosis, ectropion and
of blinks per minute, entropion
blinking bilateral blinking

CONJUCTIVA Transparent,
Bulbar conjunctiva capillaries Inflammation and
for sometimes evident, edema indicates
color, texture, and sclera appears white infection or foreign
presence of lesions body
Shiny smooth, pink
Palpebral in color
conjunctiva for color,
texture, and
presence of lesions
Appears white and
SCLERA Clear Redness
Color and Clarity

CORNEA Transparent, shiny

Clarity and Texture and smooth, details
of iris are visible
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IRIS Brown, flat and Iritis

Shape and color round

PUPILS Unequal size

Color, shape, and Equal in size usually, indicates increased
symmetry of size 3 – 7 mm, equally IOP, CNS dso.
round Infection, narcotic
Light reaction and use, anesthesia
accommodation Constrict when Unable to constrict
looking at near and converge
object, dilate when indicates defect in
looking at far object, cranial nerve III, IV,
converge when near VI
object is moved.
EXTRAOCULAR
MUSCLES
Alignment and
coordination Both eyes Nystagmus, rapid
coordinated move in fluttering of the
unison with eyeball could be a
parallel alignment weakness in
VISUAL ACUITY extraocular muscles
Near Vision (12-14 or CN IIII
in)
Far Vision Able to read Myopia
newsprint Hyperopia
VISUAL FIELDS 20/20 vision on Astigmatism
Peripheral fields Snellen chart
Unable to see object
Able to see objects in the periphery
Internal Eye in the periphery
Examine the eye
using an
Ophthalmoscope The red reflex is
elicited and, as you
advance, the retina
can be visualized.
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The optic disc is

located at the nasal
PALPATION side of the retina
and appears as
yellow- orange disc.
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Assessment of the EARS

Inspection

AURICLES
Color, symmetry and Color same as facial Abnormal findings in
position skin, symmetrical, the ear include
aligned with outer infections of the
canthus of eye about outer and middle
10º from vertical ear, hearing
Texture, elasticity, disorders, damage
and areas Mobile, firm and not or scarring of
of tenderness tender, pinna recoils tympanic
after it is folded membrane, and
EXTERNAL EAR lesion of the external
CANAL ear.
Cerumen, Skin Dry cerumen, has
lesions, pus, blood presence of hair
follicles, no pus or
blood
TYMPANIC
MEMBRANE It should be flat,
gray and translucent
with no scars White patches
PALPATION indicate scars from
prior infections.
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HEARING ACUITY Yellow or reddish

TEST indicate infection
Response to normal Normal voice tones
voice tone audible

Watch tick’s test Able to hear ticking

in both ear

Weber’s Test Sound is heard in

both or is localized
at the center of the
head
Rinne’s Test
Air-conducted
hearing is greater
than bone-
conducted hearing
Assessment of the NOSE
Inspection

EXTERNAL NOSE
Deviations is size, Color is the same Abnormalities in the
shape, color, and with the facial skin, nose includes
flaring, or discharge uniform in color, infections and
from nares symmetric and inflammatory
straight, no nasal problems, deviation
discharge or flaring or perforation of the
septum, bleeding
Nasal cavities for Absence of redness, and polyps
presence of swelling, and
redness, swelling, discharge
growths and
discharge

Nasal septum Intact in midline

between nasal
chambers
Air moves freely
Patency of both through the nares
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nasal cavities
No tenderness and
Tenderness, masses, masses
and
displacements of
bone and cartilage
No tenderness
SINUS
Tenderness

Assessment of the MOUTH

Inspection

LIPS
Symmetry of Uniform pink color,
contour, color, and soft, moist, smooth
texture texture,
symmetry of
contour, ability to
purse lips
BUCCAL MUCOSA
Color, moisture,
texture, Uniform pink color,
presence of lesions moist,
smooth, soft,
glistening, and
elastic in texture, no
TEETH lesions
Color, number and
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condition, and
presence of 32 adult teeth, white
dentures to yellowish in color,
shiny
GUMS tooth enamel, no
Color and Condition intact dentures

Pink, moist, firm, no

retraction and
TONGUE/ MOUTH bleeding of gums
FLOOR
Color and texture of
the Pink, moist, slightly
mouth floor and rough, has thin
frenulum whitish color

Moves freely, the

Texture, movement base is smooth with
and prominent veins
base of the tongue
No palpable nodules
or lumps
Presence of nodules,
lumps, or excoriated
areas Soft palate is light
pink in color, hard
PALATES AND palate is much
UVULA lighter and more
Color, shape, irregular in texture
texture, presence of
bony prominences Positioned in midline
of soft palate
Position of the uvula
and mobility
Pink and smooth
OROPHARYNX posterior wall
AND TONSILS
Color and Texture Pink in color, no
discharges
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Size of the tonsils,

color, and discharge

Assessment of the Neck and Lymph Nodes

LYMPH NODES
Tenderness Absence of
tenderness
TRACHEA
Placement
Central placement in
THYROID GLAND midline of the neck,
Symmetry and spaces are equal on
visible masses both sides

Smoothness and Not visible in

areas of inspection, gland
enlargement, ascends during
masses or nodules swallowing, no
masses

Smooth, no areas of
enlargement, no
masses or nodules