Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
This chapter shows the results, data and its interpretations and
leaves extracts as an antioxidant based on DPPH readings. This also includes the
statistical analyses.
leaves.
taeniata leaf and its results based on the study of Alindayo and Daoay (2013).
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Table1. Phytochemical components of Selliguea taeniata leaf
Table 1 shows that Selliguea taeniata leaf extract contains flavonoids and
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Table 2. Phytochemical components of Elaeagnus philippinensis leaf
producing soap.
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Table 3. Absorbance reading in DPPH as affected by Selliguea taeniata leaf and
Elaeagnus philippinensis leaf in µg/mL
ABSORBANCE % FREE
MEAN
READINGS RADICAL
SAMPLE ABSORBANC
INHIBITIO
I II III E
N
T1: Combined extract 1.13 1.13 1.12
1.132 4.926
(100 µg/ ml) 1 8 8
T2: Combined extract 1.07 1.07 1.07
1.075 9.768
(250 µg/ ml) 2 3 9
T3: Combined extract 1.01 1.00 1.01
1.012 15.057
(500 µg/ ml) 2 8 5
T4: Combined extract 0.89 0.88 0.88
0.888 25.413
(800 µg/ ml) 3 7 5
T5: Combined extract 0.77 0.77 0.77
0.774 35.013
(1000 µg/ ml)l) 4 7 1
T6: Ascorbic acid 1.03 1.02 1.02
1.029 13.630
(5.0 µg/ml) 5 7 4
T7: Ascorbic acid 0.91 0.92 0.95
0.928 22.054
(10 µg/ml) 1 0 4
T8: Ascorbic acid 0.68 0.63
0352 0.647 45.704
(30 µg/ml) 1 4
T9: Ascorbic acid 0.38 0.38 0.36
0.379 68.206
(60 µg/ml) 4 7 5
T10: Ascorbic acid 0.06 0.16 0.06
0.064 94.598
(100µg/ml) 1 5 7
T11: Blank 1.18 1.14 1.23
1.191 -
(negative control) 7 9 8
Table 3 shows that treatment 10, ascorbic acid (100µg/ml), has the highest
free radical inhibition of 94.598 % and lowest mean absorbance of 0.064. This
means that it has the highest antioxidant activity, because the lesser the mean
It is then followed by treatment 9, also ascorbic acid, which has 68.206 % free
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7, 3, 6, 2, 1, and lastly treatment 11, the negative control, which don’t have a zone
of inhibition.
Analysis of Variance
Using ANOVA, significant difference among the eleven different
Table 4 depicts the computed values in using ANOVA. These are the sum
SOURCES
SUM OF MEAN SUM OF
OF DF F-VALUES
SQUARES (SS) SQUARES (MSS)
VARIATION
Treatment
3.540 0.354 10 Fc = 50.571
Between (b)
Error Within
0.147 0.007 22 Ft =2.2967
(w)
Total 3.687 32
Table 4 shows that the computed f value, Fc = 50.571, is greater than the
tabulated f value, which is 2.2967 at .05 level. This means that there is a
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Duncan’s Multiple Range Test
Duncan’s test was used, since there is a significant difference between the
difference.
P 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
rp 2.881 3.028 3.123 3.192 3.243 3.284 3.317 3.344 3.366 3.385
Rp 0.139 0.146 0.151 0.154 0.157 0.159 0.160 0.162 0.163 0.164
eleven treatments or sample means. With the treatments arranged from lowest to
highest mean absorbance as T11(negative control), T1, T2, T6, T3, T7, T4, T5, T8,
T9, T10 and it is seen that T11 has the highest mean absorbance while T10 or the
10µg ascorbic acid (positive control) has the lowest mean absorbance.
COMPARED DIFFERENCE Rp
TREATMENTS/RANGE
T11 and T1 1.191-1.132=0.059 R2 = 0.139
T11 and T2 1.191-1.075=0.116 R3 = 0.146
T11 and T6 1.191-1.029=0.162 *R4= 0.151
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T11 and T3 1.191-1.012=0.172 *R5 = 0.154
T11 and T7 1.191-0.928=0.263 *R6 = 0.157
T11 and T4 1.191-0.888=0.303 *R7 = 0.159
T11 and T5 1.191-0.774=0.417 *R8 = 0.160
T11 and T8 1.191-0.647 =0.544 *R9 = 0.162
T11 and T9 1.191-0.379=0.812 *R10 = 0.163
T11 and T10 1.191-0.064=1.127 *R11 = 0.139
T1 and T2 1.132-1.075=0.057 R2 = 0.139
T1 and T6 1.132-1.029=0.103 R3 = 0.146
T1 and T3 1.132-1.012=0.120 R4 = 0.151
T1 and T7 1.132-0.928=0.204 *R5 = 0.154
T1 and T4 1.132-0.888=0.244 *R6 = 0.157
T1 and T5 1.132-0.774=0.358 *R7 = 0.159
T1 and T8 1.132-0.647=0.483 *R8 = 0.160
T1 and T9 1.132-0.379=0.753 *R9 = 0.162
T1 and T10 1.132-0.064=1.068 *R10 = 0.163
T2 and T6 1.075-1.029=0.046 R2 = 0.139
T2 and T3 1.075-1.012=0.063 R3 = 0.146
T2 and T7 1.075-0.928=0.147 R4 = 0.151
T2 and T4 1.075-0.888=0.187 *R5 = 0.154
T2 and T5 1.075-0.774=0.301 *R6 = 0.157
T2 and T8 1.075-0.647=0.428 *R7 = 0.159
T2 and T9 1.075-0.379=0.696 *R8 = 0.160
T2 and T10 1.075-0.064=1.011 *R9 = 0.162
T6 and T3 1.029-1.012=0.017 R2 = 0.139
T6 and T7 1.029-0.928=0.101 R3 = 0.146
T6 and T4 1.029-0.888=0.141 R4 = 0.151
T6 and T5 1.029-0.774=0.255 *R5 = 0.154
T6 and T8 1.029-0.647=0.382 *R6 = 0.157
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T6 and T9 1.029-0.379=0.650 *R7 = 0.159
T6 and T10 1.029-0.064=0.965 *R8 = 0.160
T3 and T7 1.012-0.928=0.084 R2 = 0.139
T3 and T4 1.012-0.888=0.124 R3 = 0.146
T3 and T5 1.012-0.774=0.238 *R4 = 0.151
T3 and T8 1.012-0.647=0.365 *R5 = 0.154
T3 and T9 1.012-0.379=0.633 *R6 = 0.157
T3 and T10 1.012-0.064=0.948 *R7 = 0.159
T7 and T4 0.928-0.888=0.040 R2 = 0.139
T7 and T5 0.928-0.774=0.154 R3 = 0.146
T7 and T8 0.928-0.647=0.281 *R4 = 0.151
T7 and T9 0.928-0.379=0.549 *R5 = 0.154
T7 and T10 0.928-0.064=0.864 *R6 = 0.157
T4 and T5 0.888-0.774=0.114 R2 = 0.139
T4 and T8 0.888-0.647=0.241 *R3 = 0.146
T4 and T9 0.888-0.379=0.509 *R4 = 0.151
T4 and T10 0.888-0.064=0.824 *R5 = 0.154
T5 and T8 0.774-0.647=0.127 R2 = 0.139
T5 and T9 0.774-0.379=0.395 *R3 = 0.146
T5 and T10 0.774-0.064=0.710 *R4 = 0.151
T8 and T9 0.647-0.379=0.268 *R2 = 0.139
T8 and T10 0.647-0.064=0.503 *R3 = 0.146
T9 and T10 0.379-0.064=0.315 *R2 = 0.139
between T5 and T8 at 0.127 is lesser than the computed least significant range for
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between the combination of extracts (1000µg/mL) and the positive control
(100µg).
In Table 6, those ranges (R) that have asterisk mean that the treatments
have significant difference to each other. And those ranges that do not have
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