Machine Element Design & Process - I

MEEG 315

Module V : Riveted, Screw Threaded and Welded

Connections
Lecture 7 : Welded Joints
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The presentation contains extraction of contents from books, technical paper,
studies and other public domain.

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 Welded Joints
Background
• Problem of connecting plates first solved by riveted
connections
• During World War-II, welded joints replaced riveted
joints in most applications
• E.g. Boiler and Ship

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 Welded Joints
Advantages over Riveted Joints
• Plate & sections to be joined are not weakened
• Lighter weight
• Smooth appearance
• Tight and Leak proof joints ensured
• Less expensive
• Ease in joining at difficult locations
• Automation and variety of welding processes

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 Welded Joints
Disadvantages
• Edge preparation
• Metallurgical changes in parent metal due to large
amount of heat
• Residual stress in the region of weld
• Difficult to relieve stress in very large vessels or
structures
• Skilled welder needed

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 Welded Joints
Typical Welded Machine Components
• Pressure vessels, steel structures
• Flanges welded to shafts and axles
• Crankshaft
• Heavy hydraulic turbine shaft
• Large gears, pulleys, fly wheels
• Machine frames and base
• Housing and mill stands, etc

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 Welded Joints
Typical Welded Machine Components

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 Welded Joints
Types of Welded Joints
• Two types of welded joints
(a) Fillet joint
(b) Butt joint

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 Welded Joints
Types of Fillet Joints

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 Welded Joints
Types of Butt Joints

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 Welded Joints
Other types of Welded Joints

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Welding Symbols

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Strength of Transverse Fillet Joints
• Consider ABC is a right
angled triangle
• AC = hypotenuse
• AB = BC = size of Leg or
weld
• BD = Throat size of weld

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 Welded Joints
Strength of Transverse Fillet Joints
s = Size of leg or weld
t = Throat size of weld
l = Length of weld

t = s. Sin 45° = 0.707s

Minimum area of Weld (A) = t x l = (0.707) s x l

P = Throat area x Allowable tensile strength
= (0.707) s x l x σt
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 Welded Joints
Strength of Transverse Fillet Joints
For single transverse fillet joints
P  0.707  s  l   t

For double transverse fillet

joints
P  2  0.707  s  l   t

Note:
Weld is weaker than the plate.
So, 10% of plate thickness is added on the weld as reinforcement
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 Welded Joints
Strength of Parallel Fillet Joints

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Strength of Parallel Fillet Joints
A = t x l = (0.707) s x l
For single parallel fillet joints
P  0.707  s  l 

For double parallel fillet joints

P  2  0.707  s  l 

For combination of transverse and fillet joints

P  0.707  s  l1   t  2  0.707  s  l2 
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 Welded Joints
Strength of Parallel Fillet Joints
Note:
1. 12.5 mm should be added to the length of the weld
(for starting and stopping)
2. For reinforced fillet weld,
Throat Dimension (treinforced) = 0.85 x s
Or treinforced = 1.2 x t

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 Welded Joints
Strength of Welded Joint
Exercise 7.1
A plate 100 mm wide and 10 mm thick is to be welded
to another plate by means of double parallel fillets. The
plates are subjected to
a static load of 80 kN.

Find the length of weld if the permissible shear stress

in the weld does not exceed 55 MPa.
(Ans: 115.5 mm)
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 Welded Joints
Assignment
1. A plate 100 mm wide and 12.5 mm thick is to be weleded to
another plate by means of single transverse and double
parallel fillet welds. Determine the length of the weld run.
The recommended design stress in tension is not to exceed
70 N/mm2 and in shear 56 N/m2 for static loading.

2. Draw the welded joint designed in above question in any

2D drafting tool along with respective symbols.

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 Welded Joints
Assignment
Identify the length of weld in following case.
Load:
- Self weight : 5 kg
- Fuel weight : 2 kg
- External weight : 10 kg

Material:
- Tensile Strength : 400 MPa
- Shear Strength : 240 MPa
- Compressive Strength : 400 MPa

Dimension of leg : 1.27 cm wide x 0.5 cm thick

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