LITERATURE REVIEW

Related Literature

According to Joel D. Pinorac (December 13, 2013) for most Filipinos, the Android

operating system (OS) is the mobile OS most chosen when it comes to smartphones. In fact,

according to a survey by research firm GfK about 91 percent (or nine out of 10) smartphones sold

in the Philippines run on Android.

GfK explain that the Philippines has the highest Android penetration rate in the six

countries in the Southeast Asian region as the survey said. The country's 91 percent rating is ahead

of Malaysia, with a close to 83 percent rate, and Singapore, which is third, at 81 percent. On

average, more than 70 percent of smartphones across the region are now controlled by Android.

The trend is region wide, with each country continuing to post growth when it comes to

Android. As most users would know, the Android OS was developed by Android, which was later

on bought by Google. One of the main selling points of Android is that it is flexible and based on

an open-source standard that allows software developers to create applications.

For Filipinos, it seems that the ultra-competitive price points of smartphones that are

locally made is the top reason for the uptick trend, and that users seem to have developed an affinity

with the Android OS and the thousands of apps that are either for free or for sale at a minimal fee.
 Local gadget companies are having a field day selling smartphones that are priced lower

than 3,000 pesos (about $67) with the latest Android OS, and all the bells and whistles that one

could wish for in a smartphone.

This does not mean that the more established players in the smartphone industry (the likes

of Samsung, Apple, Sony, HTC, etc.) are suffering when it comes to sales. It seems the Filipino

consumer is very well aware that there is a wide variety of gadgets to suit everyone's personal

preferences and individuals budgets.

It might be a bit of a stretch, but aside from being the texting capital of the world, it seems

the Philippines is on its way of becoming an Android country.

In addition, Newsbytes Philippines (September 10, 2016) gathered that 3 in 10 Filipinos

owns a smartphone. Majority of the PH smartphones users use Android over IOS. This could be

attributed to how android is capable to cheaper ones.

The graph below is a forecast shows the number of smartphone users in the Philippines

from 2015 to 2016 with forecasts for 2017 to 2022. The survey time is from 2015-2016 which

includes the individuals of any age who own at least one smartphone and the use of smartphone(s)

at least once a month. Based on the forecast of Statista (July 2017) the number of smartphone users

in the Philippines is estimated to reach 30.4 million in 2017. This would mean that around 32

percent of the population in the Philippines would use a smartphone. This number is expected to

rise to 40 percent by the year 2021.

 Related Studies

Filipinos loves to eat. Especially when not home, restaurant is the place to go. According

to The Nielsen Shopper Trends Report (2014) there are fewer shopping baskets containing food

ingredients that needs to be prepare and cook at home, as Filipinos go to fast food restaurants to

grab a meal.

In addition, the report reveals a 13% decline in monthly grocery spend of Filipino

respondents in 2014 compared to 2012. From a monthly spend of P5, 400 in 2012; Filipino

shoppers only spent P4, 700 on an average in 2014. Driving this cut in grocery spend is the spike

in the number of consumers who are dining out and the increased frequency in eating out of
home. In the report, 25% of consumers eat out at fast food restaurants at least once a week, a

contrast to a year ago with only 14%.

The accumulation of quick served restaurants with different cuisines over the Philippines

is also encouraging Filipinos to dine out rather than eat at home. The offerings of these restaurants

caters to customers increasing desire for quick preparation and ready to eat meal options.

However, some restaurants have a major problem such taking a long time to serve a food

order because of getting a mass of orders, which Auli, Zakir, Dafitri, & Siregar (2017) said can

disappoint customers and not satisfied them. Moreover, can lead to confusion of the cook in sorting

which orders need to be process and serve first. This can cause a bad image of the restaurant and

become less appealing.

This dilemma can be minimize by establishing a system that speeds up the process of

ordering at the same time serving it correctly in less time. According to Bhargave, Jadhav, Joshi,

Oke, & Lahane (2013) the existing and traditional system is paper based. The restaurant’s menu

cards are paper based and waiters used pen and paper for taking an order. Usually the restaurant

will make two copies of the order. One of the copies will be dispatch in the kitchen section for the

order preparation and the cashier will receive the other copy for bill accumulation.

Adivarekar, Dalvi, & Yadav (2016) also cited that the order’s record are stored in a paper.

As with anything paper based, it is easy for papers to get damage by fire, water, stains, etc. or

being misplace by an accident or just generally lost. As for traditional menu cards, any changes

that needs to be done on the menu card will lead to wastage. As it will require reprinting many

new menu card. In addition, just for small changes it is not convenient to print all the menu cards

repeatedly. There is a wastage of paper, money time, and effort.

 Bhargave et al., (2013) explained that existing system is also time consuming for

customers. As one has to wait until the waiter gets the order and calls many times until the waiter

notices it. There is also a chance of misinterpretation of orders with the waiter as a result to be

serve a wrong dish. Many managements of restaurants already made an improvement regarding

this dilemma like assigning one waiter for a group of tables that will monitor and check the orders

from time to time. Still not fast and satisfying enough for customers.

Based on Aziz, Hadi, Hashim, Mohamad, Raveendhran, & Salleh (2015) this new system

is android-based ordering system for restaurants using an android phone. Since most people

nowadays is familiar with android phones, this system will be user friendly. It will increase the

speed of the service and at the same time serving the right order without affecting its quantity and

quality. In addition, this new system will minimized the customer’s waiting time. Customers does

not need to wait for the waiters to come and take their orders. Their orders upon choosing will

directly receive by the kitchen and the order will reach the customers table as per order.

The restaurant will provide a tablet with an application that consist of list of foods that is

available for ordering. In the list of foods, each menu includes the time approximate for an order

to be deliver. Hence, the customers will know exactly what time the order will be serve. The cashier

will receive the order details for the payment process. The tablet also provides a customer feedback

service in order for restaurants management to have an idea for more improvements of their

service. Auli et al., (2017) added that the manager of the restaurant could also track the whole

transaction.

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) will attract customers to

come and dine in. Thus, this will lead to customer’s satisfaction and will always revisit the

restaurant in the future as a result in the increased revenue. This builds a smart restaurant. Which
now exchange the use of pens and papers that used to write the food order. Moreover, as said

before time of service and effort applied is not wasting because they may reserve directly by

accessing the system through smartphones or tablet based on Android.

In exploration, we find new techniques, new knowledge, event develop new substances,

gadgets, equipment, processes or procedures, imagination and skill is employed by the researcher.

The commodities, new devices, services, in technology are needs of man for a better fuller life that

is the concern of the research. These useful arts are the products of the technological environment

and the end-user is society in general. The excerpt was stated by Josefina Estolas in the book

Fundamentals of Research (1995).

Science and technology are essential for national development and progress. The State shall

give priority to research and development, invention, and their utilization, and to science and

technology education according to the 1987 Philippine Constitution (Article XIV, Section 10).

Since computer power was the critical resource, efficiency of processing became the main

goal. Emphasis was placed on automating existing process such as purchasing or paying, often

within single department as indicated by Jeffrey A. Hofer on Modern System Analysis and Design

(1996).

In this chapter, we look at the process of finding, collecting, analyzing and synthesizing

research articles that relate to the topic of our study. Before we can add to the knowledge base of

our field of study, we must learn what is already known. The literature search provides a factual

base for the proposed study.