1.

Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense is used to express habits, general truths, repeated action or unchanging
situation, emotion, and wishes.
A. Verbal Sentence’ Formula:
Subject (I, You, We, They) + infinitive
Subject (He, She, It) + infinitive + -s/-es
Examples:
1. I study English.
2. He plays football.
3. They go to library.
4. She passes the exam.
5. You drink a cup of coffe
B. Nominal Sentence’ Formula:
Subject + is/am/are + object
Examples:
1. I go to school everyday.
2. I am from Singapore.
3. You are a nice girl.
4. She is a writer.

a. Present Continuous Tense

A. Verbal Sentence’s Formula:
Subject + is/am/are + verb-ing
Examples:
a) I am studying English now.
b) My father is reading newspaper this moment.
B. Nominal Sentence’ Formula:
Subject + is/am/are + being + object
Examples:
1) She is being polite to me.
2) They are being more creative after see Delima’s drawing.

b. Present Perfect Tense

1. Verbal Sentence’ Formula:
Subject (I, You, We, They) + have + past participle
Subject (He, She, It) + has + past participle
Examples:
a. I have just come.
b. She has just called me.
2. Nominal Sentence’s Formula:
Subject (I, You, We, They) + have + been + past participle
Subject (He, She, It) + has + been + past participle
Examples:
a. Tono has written a letter for his mother.
b. I have seen that movie.

c. Present Perfect Tense

1. Verbal Sentence’ Formula:
Subject (I, You, We, They) + have + been + verb-ing
Subject (He, She, It) + has + been + verb-ing
Examples:
a. John has been studying in SMA Negeri 22Palangkaraya since 2010.
b. I have been working in Kuala Kurun for 10

UNIT V
SIMPLE PAST TENSE / PAST TENSE
(Bentuk lampau sederhana)

A. Penggunaan

1. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa
lampau.

2. Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang berulang-ulang atau yang telah menjadi kebiasaan di
waktu lampau.

B. Keterangan waktu
Adverb of time yang biasa digunakan dalam Simple Past Tense adalah :
1. Yesterday ….
- yesterday morning
- yesterday afternoon
- yesterday evening
- yesterday night

2. Last
- last night - last century
- last week - last monday
- last month - last friday
- last year - last January
- last December

3. The day before yesterday

4. This morning
5. …ago
- few minute ago - three month ago
- an hour ago - a year ago
- two days ago - a century ago
- a week ago
6. Just now
7. a moment ago

C. Susunan kalimat
1. Positive (+) : Subject + Verb II
Subject Verb II (Past) Object
I wrote a story
You bought a shirt
We cleaned the room
They played tennis
He went to school
She gave a present
It swam very fast

2. Negative (-)
(-) Subject + did not + verb I
Subject did not Verb I Object
I write a story
You buy a shirt
We clean the room
They did not play tennis
He goes to school
She gives a present
It swims very fast

3. Interrogative (?)
(?) Did + subject + Verb I ?
Did Subject Verb I Object
I write a story
You buy a shirt
We clean the room
Did They play tennis
He goes to school
She gives a present
It swims very fast

Past Simple Tense

I sang
The past simple tense is sometimes called the "preterite tense". We can use several tenses and
forms to talk about the past, but the past simple tense is the one we use most often.
In this lesson we look at the structure and use of the past simple tense, followed by a quiz to check
your understanding:
How do we make the Past Simple Tense?
To make the past simple tense, we use:

 past form only

or
 auxiliary did + base form
Here you can see examples of the past form and base form for irregular verbs and regular
verbs:
V1 V2 V3
base past past participle
regular work worked worked The past form for all
verb explode exploded exploded regular verbs ends in -
like liked liked ed.
irregular go went gone The past form for
verb see saw seen irregular verbs is
sing sang sung variable. You need to
learn it by heart.
You do not need the past participle
form to make the past simple
tense. It is shown here for
completeness only.

The structure for positive sentences in the past simple tense is:

subject + main verb

past

The structure for negative sentences in the past simple tense is:

subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb

did base

The structure for question sentences in the past simple tense is:

auxiliary verb + subject + main verb

did base

The auxiliary verb did is not conjugated. It is the same for all persons (I did, you did, he did etc). And
the base form and past form do not change. Look at these examples with the main
verbs go and work:
 subject auxiliary verb main verb

I went to school.
+
You worked very hard.

She did not go with me.

-
We did not work yesterday.

Did you go to London?

?
Did they work at home?

Exception! The verb to be is different. We conjugate the verb to be (I was, you were, he/she/it was,
we were, they were); and we do not use an auxiliary for negative and question sentences. To make a
question, we exchange the subject and verb. Look at these examples:

subject main verb

I, he/she/it was here.

+
You, we, they were in London.

I, he/she/it was not there.

-
You, we, they were not happy.

Was I, he/she/it right?

?
Were you, we, they late?

How do we use the Past Simple Tense?

We use the past simple tense to talk about an action or a situation - an event - in the past. The event
can be shortor long.
Here are some short events with the past simple tense:

The car exploded at 9.30am yesterday.

She went to the door.
We did not hear the telephone.
Did you see that car?

past present future

The action is in the past.

Here are some long events with the past simple tense:

I lived in Bangkok for 10 years.

The Jurassic period lasted about 62 million years.
We did not sing at the concert.
Did you watch TV last night?

past present future

The action is in the past.

Notice that it does not matter how long ago the event is: it can be a few minutes or seconds in the
past, or millions of years in the past. Also it does not matter how long the event is. It can be a few
milliseconds (car explosion) or millions of years (Jurassic period). We use the past simple tense
when:

 the event is in the past

 the event is completely finished

 we say (or understand) the time and/or place of the event

In general, if we say the time or place of the event, we must use the past simple tense; we cannot
use the present perfect.

Here are some more examples:

  I lived in that house when I was young.

 He didn't like the movie.

 What did you eat for dinner?

 John drove to London on Monday.

 Mary did not go to work yesterday.

 Did you play tennis last week?

 I was at work yesterday.

 We were not late (for the train).

 Were you angry?

Note that when we tell a story, we usually use the past simple tense. We may use the past
continuous tense to "set the scene", but we almost always use the past simple tense for the action.
Look at this example of the beginning of a story:

"The wind was howling around the hotel and the rain was pouring down. It was cold. The
dooropened and James Bond entered. He took off his coat, which was very wet, and ordered a drink
at the bar. He sat down in the corner of the lounge and quietly drank his..."

This page shows the use of the past simple tense to talk about past events. But note that there are
some other uses for the past simple tense, for example in conditional or if sentences.

The simple past tense is used to talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past. You
state when it happened using a time adverb.
You form the simple past of a verb by adding -ed onto the end of a regular verb but, irregular verb
forms have to be learned.

To be To be
Statements Statements Questions ?
+ -

I was. I wasn't. Was I?

He was. He wasn't. Was he?

She was. She wasn't. Was she?

It was. It wasn't. Was it?

You were. You weren't. Were you?

We were. We weren't. Were we?

They were. They weren't. Were they?

Regular Verb (to work) Regular Verb (to work) Short Short
Statements Statements Questions answer answer
+ - + -

I worked. I didn't work. Did I work? Yes, I did. No, I didn't.

No, he
He worked. He didn't work. Did he work? Yes, he did.
didn't.

Did she No, she

She worked. She didn't work. Yes, she did.
work? didn't.

It worked. It didn't work. Did it work? Yes, it did. No, it didn't.

Did you No, you

You worked. You didn't work. Yes you did.
work? didn't.

No, we
We worked. We didn't work. Did we work? Yes we did.
didn't.

Did they Yes they No, they

They worked. They didn't work.
work? did. didn't.

Simple Past Timeline

For example:

"Last year I took my exams."

"I got married in 1992."
It can be used to describe events that happened over a period of time in the past but not now.
For example:
"I lived in South Africa for two years."
The simple past tense is also used to talk about habitual or repeated actions that took place in the
past.
For example:
"When I was a child we always went to the seaside on bank holidays."
 UNIT I

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE / PRESENT TENSE

( Bentuk Sekarang Kebiasaan / kenyataan )

A. Penggunaan

1. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau perbuatan yang berlangsung setiap hari / berulang-ulang /
kebiasaan sehari-hari (habitual action).

2. Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang merupakan kebenaran umum
(general truth).

B. Keterangan waktu

Keterangan waktu yang menunjukkan tenses adalah :

1. Adverb of frequency

- always - sometimes
- usually - occasionally
- generally - seldom
- habibually - rarely
- normally - never
- often - ever
- frequency

2. Every

- every hour - every night

- every day
- every week
- every month
- every year
- every morning
- every afternoon
- every evening
- every Sunday
- every Monday
- every Wednesday
- every Saturday
- every January
- every December

3. Once

- once a day - once a month

- once a week - once a year

4. Twice
5. three times
6. four time
7. at noon
8. at night
9. at midnight
10. on Sunday, Monday
11. in the morning
12. in the afternoon
13. in the evening

C. Susunan kalimat

1. Positive (+) : Subject + Verb I (s/es)

Subject Verb I (KK I) Object

I write a story
You buy a shirt
We clean the room
They play tennis
He goes to school
She gives a present
It swims very fast

2. Negative (-) : Subject + do/does + not + verb I

Subject do/does Not Verb I Object
I write a story
You buy a shirt
do
We clean the room
They Not play tennis
He goes to school
She does gives a present
It swims very fast

3. Interrogative (?)
Do/does Subject Verb I Object
I write a story|
You buy a shirt?
Do
We clean the room?
They play tennis?
He goes to school?
Does She gives a present?
It swims very fast?
Present Simple Tense
I sing

How do we make the Present Simple Tense?

subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
do base
There are three important exceptions:

1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.

2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.
3. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.

Look at these examples with the main verb like:

subject auxiliary verb main verb

I, you, we, they like coffee.

+
He, she, it likes coffee.

I, you, we, they do not like coffee.

-
He, she, it does not like coffee.

Do I, you, we, they like coffee?

?
Does he, she, it like coffee?

Look at these examples with the main verb be. Notice that there is no auxiliary:

subject main verb

I am French.

+ You, we, they are French.

He, she, it is French.

I am not old.

- You, we, they are not old.

He, she, it is not old.

Am I late?

? Are you, we, they late?

Is he, she, it late?

How do we use the Present Simple Tense?
We use the present simple tense when:

 the action is general

 the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future
 the action is not only happening now
 the statement is always true
John drives a taxi.
past Present future

It is John's job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future.

Look at these examples:

 I live in New York.

 The Moon goes round the Earth.
 John drives a taxi.
 He does not drive a bus.
 We meet every Thursday.
 We do not work at night.
 Do you play football?
Note that with the verb to be, we can also use the present simple tense for situations that are not
general. We can use the present simple tense to talk about now. Look at these examples of the verb
"to be" in the present simple tense - some of them are general, some of them are now:

Am I right?
Tara is not at home.
You are happy.

past present future

The situation is now.

I am not fat.
Why are you so beautiful?
Ram is tall.

past present future

The situation is general. Past, present and future.

This page shows the use of the present simple tense to talk about general events. But note that
there are some other uses for the present simple tense, for example in conditional or if sentences,
or to talk about the future. You will learn about those later.
The simple present tense is used to discuss permanant situations and the frequency of events.

To have Short form Other Verbs (to work)

I have I've I work
he has he's He works
she has she's She works
it has it's It works
you have you've you work
we have we've we work
they have they've they work

Statements Statements Short answer Short answer

Questions
+ - + -
I work. I don't work. Do I work? Yes, I do. No, I don't.
He works. He doesn't work. Does he work? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.
She works. She doesn't work. Does she work? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.
It works. It doesn't work. Does it work? Yes, it does. No, it doesn't.
You work. You don't work. Do you work? Yes you do. No, you don't.
We work. We don't work. Do we work? Yes we do. No, we don't.
They work. They don't work. Do they work? Yes they do. No, they don't.

Regular or permanent situations

When something happens regularly or is a permanent situation we usually use the simple present
tense. When using the simple present the verb (with the exception of the auxiliary verbs) remains in
the dictionary form (verb + swith he/she/it).

Simple Present Timeline

For example:
Q) "Where do you live?" A) "I live in Germany."
Q) "Where does he live?" A) "He lives in Germany."
Q) "What do you do?" A) "I'm a teacher."
Q) "What does he do?" A) "He's a teacher."

Frequency
The simple present tense is also used to show how often something happens with adverbs of
frequency - always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, never, etc.... And when
discussing daily, weekly, monthly etc. routines.
For example:
"I always get up at 6.00."
"I never drink coffee before 12.00."
"I work on my website every day."
"Every Monday and Thursday I go to the gym."
We also use the simple present to ask for and give instructions or to discuss a series of actions.
For example:
Q) How do I make pancakes?" A) Well, first you take 4 eggs and crack them into a bowl, then you
weigh out 4 oz. of flour and sieve it into the eggs. etc.
The simple present tense can also be used to discuss future events.