MTH 216 MATH 216 mth216 Math 216 QUANTITATIVE REASONING II

MTH/216
QUANTITATIVE REASONING II
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In order to gauge public opinion about how to handle Iran's growing nuclear program, a research
group surveyed 1005 American womenAmerican women by telephone and asked them to rate
the threat Iran's nuclear program poses to the world on a scale of 1 to 10. Describe the
population, sample, population parameters, and sample statistics.
Identify the population in the given problem. Choose the correct answer below.
A.
Some of the 10051005 American womenAmerican women surveyed by telephone
B.
Half of all American womenAmerican women
C.
The 10051005 American womenAmerican women surveyed by telephone
D.
All American women
Identify the sample for the given problem. Choose the correct answer below.
A.
Some of the 10051005 American womenAmerican women surveyed by telephone
B.
All American womenAmerican women
C.
The 1005 American women surveyed by telephone
D.
Half of all American womenAmerican women
Identify the population parameter in the given study. Choose the correct answer below.
A.
The total number of all American womenAmerican women
B.
The mean threat rating of all American women on Iran's nuclear program
C.
The number of American womenAmerican women selected
D.
The mean threat rating on Iran's nuclear program of the 10051005 American womenAmerican
women surveyed by telephone
Identify the sample statistic. Choose the correct answer below.

A.
The mean threat rating of all American womenAmerican women on Iran's nuclear program
B.
The total number of American womenAmerican women
C.
The mean threat rating on Iran's nuclear program of the 1005 American women surveyed by
telephone
D.
The number of American womenAmerican women selected
Discuss the differences between the following questions, each of which could be the basis for a
statistical study.
What percentage of Internet dates lead to marriage?
What percentage of marriages begin with Internet dates?
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
The percentage of marriages beginning with Internet dates can be accurately measured while the
percentage of Internet dates that lead to marriage cannot be accurately measured.
B.
The questions are too different to compare.
C.
The questions have different populations.
D.
The percentage of marriages beginning with Internet dates would be an observation while the
percentage of Internet dates that lead to marriage would be an experiment.
Decide whether the following statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense
(or is clearly false). Explain your reasoning.
There's been only a very slight rise in our stock price over the past few months, but I wanted to
make it look dramatic so I started the vertical scale from the lowest price rather than from zero.
A.
The statement makes sense because increasing the range of the vertical axis to contain all of the
data will increase the relative size of the variation in the data.
B.
The statement does not make sense because changing the axis cannot change the data that is
being displayed.
C.
The statement does not make sense because reducing the range of the vertical axis to just fit the
data will decrease the relative size of the variation in the data.
D.
The statement makes sense because reducing the range of the vertical axis to just fit the data will
increase the relative size of the variation in the data.
I wanted to test the effects of vitamin C on colds, so I gave the treatment group vitamin C and
gave the control group vitamin D.
A.
The statement makes sense. The experiment has both a control group and a treatment group.
B.
The statement does not make sense. The vitamin C should be given to the control group, not the
treatment group.
C.
The statement does not make sense. The control group should only receive a placebo, not
another treatment.
D.
The statement makes sense. The treatment and control groups are receiving different treatments.
Consider the statistical study below. Complete parts (a) through (c).
A survey of 17,000 adolescents and a review of smoking laws in 32 states showed that rigorous
enforcement of laws on tobacco sales led to a 22.3% decrease in the rate at which 10th-graders
became regular smokers.
a. Identify the population and the population parameter of interest. Choose the correct answer
below.
A.
The population is the 17,000 adolescents studied. The population parameter is the percentage of
the 17,000 adolescents who became regular smokers.
B.
The population is all adolescents in the 32 states. The population parameters are percentages of
10th-graders in each state who became regular smokers.
Your answer is correct
C.
The population is all adolescents in the 3232 states. The population parameter is the percentage
of the 17,000 adolescents who became regular smokers.
D.
The population is the 17,000 adolescents studied. The population parameters are percentages of
10th-graders in each state who became regular smokers.
b. Describe the sample and sample statistic for the study. Choose the correct answer below.
A.
The sample is all adolescents in the 3232 states. The sample statistics are the percentages of
10th-graders in the samples in each state who became regular smokers.
B.
The sample is the 17,000 adolescents studied in the 3232 states. The sample statistic is the
percentages of all adolescents in the 3232 states who became regular smokers.
C.
The sample is the 17,000 adolescents studied in the 32 states. The sample statistics are the
percentages of 10th-graders in the samples in each state who became regular smokers.
D.
The sample is all adolescents in the 3232 states. The sample statistic is the percentages of all
adolescents in the 3232 states who became regular smokers.
c. Identify the type of study. Choose the correct answer below.

Simple random sample
Experiment
Observation
Double blind
A researcher wants to determine the percentage given below. Describe how the researcher
should apply the five basic steps in a statistical study. (Assume that all the people in the poll
answered truthfully.)
the percentage of people that have green eyesthe percentage of people that have green eyes
Determine how to apply the first basic step in a statistical study in this situation. Choose the
correct answer below.
A.
The population is all people. nbsppeople. nothingnothing The researcher wants to estimate the
percentage in this population that do not havehave greeneyes.
B.
The population is all people nbsppeople nothingnothingnothingthat have green eyeshave green
eyes. The researcher wants to estimate the number in this population that havehave greeneyes.
C.
The population is all people. nbsppeople. nothingnothingnothing The researcher wants to
estimate the percentage in this population that havehave greeneyes.
D.
The population is all people nbsppeople nothingnothingnothingthat do not have green eyeshave
green eyes. The researcher wants to estimate the number in this population that havehave
greeneyes.
Determine how to apply the second basic step in a statistical study in this situation. Choose the
A.
The researcher should gather data about having nbsphaving green nbspgreen eyes nbspeyes
nothingnothingnothing from the largest sample of people nbsppeople nothingnothingnothing
from which the researcher can gather data.
B.
The researcher should only gather raw data from people nbsppeople nothingnothingnothing that
havehave greeneyes.
C.
The researcher should only gather raw data from people nbsppeople nothingnothingnothing that
do not havehave greeneyes.
D.
The researcher should gather raw data from all people nbsppeople nothingnothingnothing about
whether or not they havehave greeneyes.
Determine how to apply the third basic step in a statistical study in this situation. Choose the
A.
The sample statistic of interest is the number of people nbsppeople nothingnothingnothing in the
sample that havehave greeneyes.
B.
The sample statistic of interest is the number of people nbsppeople nothingnothingnothing in
the sample that do not havehave greeneyes.
C.
The sample statistic of interest is the percentage of people nbsppeople nothingnothingnothing in
the sample that do not havehave greeneyes.
D.
The sample statistic of interest is the percentage of people nbsppeople nothingnothingnothing in
the sample that havehave greeneyes.
Determine how to apply the fourth basic step in a statistical study in this situation. Choose the
A.
If the percentage of people nbsppeople nothing nothing nothing that havehave green
nbspgreen eyes nbspeyes nothing nothingnothing is greater than 50% in the sample, the
researcher can be confident that all people nbsppeople nothing nothing nothing havehave
greeneyes.
B.
If the researcher followed correct procedures, he or she can be confident that the sample statistic
is equal to the percentage of people nbsppeople nothing nothing nothing in the population
that havehave greeneyes.
C.
The researcher should use the sample statistic as an estimate for the population value of the
percentage of people nbsppeople nothing nothing nothing that havehave green nbspgreen
eyes nbspeyes nothingnothingnothing and then use the methods of statistics to determine how
good that estimate is.
D.
The sample statistic provides no useful information to the researcher in this situation.
Determine how to apply the fifth basic step in a statistical study in this situation. Choose the
A.
The researcher knows that the sample statistic is equal to the population parameter, so he or she
may draw conclusions with complete confidence.
B.
There is no way to determine how well the sample statistic estimates the population parameter.
C.
The researcher cannot draw any conclusions based on the value of the sample statistic.
D.
The researcher should use the methods of statistics to determine the quality of the estimate of
the population parameter and draw conclusions based on this estimate accordingly.
Identify any potential sources of bias in the following study.

An exit poll designed to predict the winner of a local election uses voluntary surveysvoluntary
surveys with everyevery Democrat nbspDemocrat who votes between 9:00 and 10 : 30a.m.
What sources of bias, if any, might this study have?
A.
Selection bias onlySelection bias only
B.
Both selection and participation biasBoth selection and participation bias
C.
Participation bias only
D.
There is probably no bias in the study.
The stacked line chart shows the numbers of college degrees awarded to men and women over
time.
A stacked line chart has its horizontal axis labeled “Year” from 1900 to 2000 in increments of 5
and its vertical axis labeled “College graduates (hundred thousands)” from 0 to 14 in increments
of 1. The area between the bottom line and the horizontal axis is shaded blue; the area between
the top line and bottom line is shaded pink. The data for the bottom line are approximated as
follows: 1900, 0.25; 1910, 0.25; 1920, 0.5; 1930, 0.75; 1940, 1; 1950, 3.75; 1960, 3; 1970, 5; 1980,
6.5; 1990, 5.75; 2000, 5. The data for the top line are approximated as follows: 1900, 0.25; 1910,
0.5; 1920, 0.75; 1930, 1.25; 1940, 1.75; 1950, 4.5; 1960, 3.75; 1970, 9.5; 1980, 10.5; 1990, 11.5;
2000, 12.75.
A legend shows that the color blue represents “Men” and the color pink represents “Women.”
Men
Women
a. Estimate the numbers of college degrees awarded to men and to women (separately) in 1930
and in 1990.
The number of college degrees awarded to men in 1930 was
75 comma 00075,000
. The number of college degrees awarded to women in 1930 was
50,000
.
The number of college degrees awarded to men in 1990 was
571,500
. The number of college degrees awarded to women in 1990 was
589,500
.
b. Compare the numbers of degrees awarded to men and to women (separately) in 1980 and
2000. Choose the correct answer below.
A.
In 1980 and in 2000, the number of men and women who received degrees were the same.
B.
In 1980, more men than women received degrees; in 2000, more women than men received
degrees.
C.
In 1980, more women than men received degrees; in 2000, more men than women received
degrees.
c. During what decade did the total number of degrees awarded increase the most?
A.
1920s
B.
1940s
C.
1990s
D.
1960s
d. Compare the total numbers of degrees awarded in 1950 and 2000.
The total number of degrees awarded in 1950 was
450,000
The total number of degrees awarded in 2000 was
1,272,000
Question is complete. Tap on the red indicators to see incorrect answers.

The numbers of words defined on randomly selected pages from a dictionary are shown below.
Find the mean, median, and mode of the listed numbers.
62 34 72 58 42 38 31 68 45 49
What is the mean? Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box within
your choice.
A.
The mean is
49.9. (Round to one decimal place as needed.)
B.
There is no mean.
What is the median? Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box
within your choice.
A.
The median is
47.0. (Round to one decimal place as needed.)
B.
There is no median.
What is(are) the mode(s)? Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box
within your choice.
A.
The mode(s) is(are)
nothing. (Round to one decimal place as needed. Use a comma to separate answers as needed.)
B.
There is no mode.
Blood alcohol concentrations of drivers involved in fatal crashes and then given jail sentences are
shown below. Find the mean, median, and mode of the listed numbers.
0.270.27 0.170.17 0.170.17 0.160.16 0.130.13 0.240.24
0.290.29 0.240.24 0.140.14 0.160.16 0.110.11 0.160.16
The mean is
0.187. (Round to the nearest thousandth as needed.)
The median is
0.165. (Round to the nearest thousandth as needed.)
What is(are) the mode(s)? Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box
within your choice.
A.
The mode(s) is(are)
0.16 sec. (Use a comma to separate answers as needed.)
B.
There is no mode.
State, with an explanation, whether the mean, median, or mode gives the best description of the
following average.
The average time before failure of a computer chiptime before failure of a computer chip
Which measurement gives the best description of the given average?
The
median
is the best because the distribution
is probably right dash skewed with a single peak.
Suppose you study family income in a random sample of 300300 families. Your results can be
summarized as the mean family income was $47 comma 00047,000, the median family income
was $ 34 comma 000$34,000, the highest and lowest incomes were $252 comma 000252,000
and $2 comma 5002,500, respectively.
a. Draw a rough sketch of the income distribution, with clearly labeled axes. Choose the correct
answer below.
Describe the distribution as symmetric, left-skewed, or right-skewed. Choose the correct answer
below.
left-skewed
right-skewed
symmetric
b. How many families in the sample earned less than $34 comma 00034,000? Explain how you
know. Choose the correct answer below.
A.
225225 families, because the mode is the most common value in a data set.
B.
150150 families, because the median is the middle value in the sorted data set.
C.
7575 families, because the mean is the average value of income.
c. Based on the given data, can you determine how many families earned more than $ 47 comma
000$47,000? Why or why not? Choose the correct answer below.
A.
No, because the number of families that earned more than $ 47 comma 000$47,000 depends on
the distribution.
B.
Yes, because the mean is the middle value in the sorted data set.
State, with an explanation, whether the mean, median, or mode gives the best description of the
following average.
The average household income in this countryhousehold income in this country
Which measurement gives the best description of the given average?
The
median
is the best because the distribution
is probably right dash skewed with a single peak.
The distribution of grades was left-skewed, but the mean, median, and mode were all the same.
A.
This does not make sense because the mean and median should lie somewhere to the left of the
mode if the distribution is left-skewed.
B.
This makes sense because when outliers have high values, the mean, median, and mode are the
same.
C.
This does not make sense because the mean and median should lie somewhere to the right of
the mode if the distribution is left-skewed.
D.
This makes sense because when outliers have low values, the mean, median, and mode are the
same.
Consider the distribution of exam scores (graded from 0 to 100) for 83 students when 38 students
got an A, 25 students got a B, and 20 students got a C. Complete parts (a) through (d) below.
a. How many peaks would you expect for the distribution?
A.
There would probably be one peak because there are no obvious reasons why the exam scores
would form different groups.
B.
There would probably be three peaks, because even though each exam score could be anywhere
between 0 and 100, the only grades received were A, B, and C.
C.
There would probably be many peaks corresponding to the different exam scores that each
student had.
D.
There would probably be no peaks. The distribution of grades always tends to be uniform.
b. Make a sketch of the distribution. Choose the correct answer below.
A.
A smooth curve travels horizontally, rises gradually to a maximum and then falls gradually.
B.
A smooth curve rises gradually to a maximum, falls gradually and then travels horizontally.
C.
A smooth curve rises gradually to a maximum and then falls gradually.
D.
A smooth curve resembling an M rises gradually to a maximum, falls gradually to a minimum,
rises gradually to a maximum, and then falls gradually.
c. What shape would you expect for the distribution?
A.
The distribution would probably be symmetric because there are no obvious factors to indicate
that there would be a higher or lower exam score for any student.
B.
The distribution would probably be symmetric because the only grades received were A, B, and C.
C.
The distribution would probably be right-skewed because a lot of students got either a B or a C.
D.
The distribution would probably be left-skewed because many of the students got an A, and very
few got a C.
d. What variation would you expect in the distribution?

A.
The variation would probably be moderate because the number of students is not especially large
or small.
B.
The variation would probably be moderate because there are no obvious reasons to expect an
especially large or small amount of variation.
C.
The variation would probably be small because all the students would tend to have nearly the
same exam score.
D.
The variation would probably be large because many students got an A, some got a B, and a small
number got a C, and so the data are not clustered.
Decide whether the following statement makes sense or does not make sense.
The weights of babies born at Belmont Hospital are normally distributed with a mean of 6.8
pounds and a standard deviation of 7 pounds.
Does not make sense

Makes sense
The table to the right gives the cost of living index (COLI) for six East Coast counties and six
Midwest counties (using an index where 100 represents the average cost of living for all
participating cities with a population of more than 1.5 million). Answer parts (a) through (e)
below.
East Coast Counties
Midwest Counties
A
104.5104.5
U
96.996.9
B
128.2128.2
V
92.992.9
C
314.8314.8
W
94.794.7
D
134.2134.2
X
87.787.7
E
123.3123.3
Y
95.695.6
F
141.2141.2
Z
228.5228.5
a. Find the mean, median, and range for each of the two data sets.
The mean for the East Coast Counties is
157.70157.70.
(Type an integer or decimal rounded to two decimal places as needed.)
The median for the East Coast Counties is
131.20131.20.
The range for the East Coast Counties is
210.30210.30.
The mean for the Midwest Counties is
116.05116.05.
The median for the Midwest Counties is
95.1595.15.
The range for the Midwest Counties is
140.80140.80.
b. Give the five-number summary and draw a boxplot for each of the two data sets.
Give the five number summary for the East Coast Counties.
Low Value
equals=
104.5104.5
Lower QuartileLower Quartile
equals=
123.3123.3
Median
equals=
131.20131.20
Upper QuartileUpper Quartile
equals=
141.20141.20
High ValueHigh Value
equals=
314.8314.8
(Type integers or decimals rounded to two decimal places as needed.)
Choose the correct boxplot for the East Coast Counties below.
A.
A boxplot is above a number line that is labeled from 90 to 330 in increments of 20. A box
extends from 123 to 141, with a vertical line segment through the box at 131. A horizontal line
segment extends from the left side of the box to 90. A horizontal line segment extends from the
right side of the box to 310. All values are approximate.
B.
segment extends from the left side of the box and intersects a short vertical line segment at 105.
A horizontal line segment extends from the right side of the box and intersects a short vertical
line segment at 315. All values are approximate.
C.
segment extends from the left side of the box and intersects a short vertical line segment at 105.
A horizontal line segment extends from the right side of the box and intersects a short vertical
line segment at 315. All values are approximate.
Give the five-number summary for the Midwest Counties.
Low Value
equals=
87.7087.70
Lower QuartileLower Quartile
equals=
92.9092.90
Median
equals=
95.1595.15
Upper QuartileUpper Quartile
equals=
96.9096.90
High ValueHigh Value
equals=
228.50228.50
(Type integers or decimals rounded to two decimal places as needed.)
Choose the correct boxplot for the Midwest Counties below.
segment extends from the left side of the box and intersects a short vertical line segment at 88. A
horizontal line segment extends from the right side of the box and intersects a short vertical line
segment at 229. All values are approximate.
c. Find the standard deviation for each of the two data sets.
The standard deviation for the East Coast Counties is
77.9677.96.
The standard deviation for the Midwest Counties is
55.1855.18.
d. Apply the range rule of thumb to estimate the standard deviation of each of the two data sets.
How well does the rule work in each case? Briefly discuss why it does or does not work well.
The standard deviation for the East Coast Counties is approximately
52.5852.58, using the range rule of thumb.
The standard deviation for the Midwest Counties is approximately
35.2035.20, using the range rule of thumb.
How well does the rule work in each case? Briefly discuss why it does or does not work well.
A.
They do not work well in both of the two data sets because there are outliers in both of the two
data sets.
B.
It works well in the East Coast data set, but it does not work well in the Midwest data set,
because there is a outlier in the Midwest data set.
.C.
They work well in both of the two data sets because there are no outliers in anyone of the two
data sets.
D.
It works well in the Midwest data set, but it does not work well in the East Coast data set,
because there is a outlier in the East Coast data set.
e. Based on all the results, compare and discuss the two data sets in terms of their center and
variation. Choose the correct answer below. Select all that apply.
A.
The variation of COLI for the six East Coast counties is higher than that for the six Midwest
Counties, which means the level of COLI in most Midwest Counties varies in a smaller range.
B.
The mean of COLI for the six East Coast counties is higher than that for the six Midwest Counties,
which means the average level of COLI for the East Coast counties is lower.
.C.
The mean of COLI for the six East Coast counties is higher than that for the six Midwest Counties,
which means the average level of COLI for the East Coast counties is higher.
D.
The variation of COLI for the six East Coast counties is higher than that for the six Midwest
Counties, which means the level of COLI in most Midwest Counties varies in a larger range.
Decide whether the following statement makes sense or does not make sense.
The heights of male basketball players at a local college are normally distributed with a mean of 6
feet 3 inches and a standard deviation of 3 inches.
Makes sense
Does not make sense

If X is correlated with Y, what must be true about X and Y? Explain your reasoning.
A.
X causes Y. If Y increases as X increases, then X must cause Y to change.
B.
Increasing values of X go with either increasing or decreasing values of Y. A correlation exists
between two variables when both variables increase or decrease together.
C.
X causes Y. If Y decreases as X increases, then X must cause Y to change.
D.
Increasing values of X go with either increasing or decreasing values of Y. A correlation exists
between X and Y when higher values of X consistently go with higher values of Y or when higher
values of X consistently go with lower values of Y.
E.
Increasing values of X go with increasing values of Y. A correlation exists between two variables
when both variables increase together.
F.
Increasing values of X go with increasing values of Y. A correlation exists between two variables
when both variables decrease together.
Determine whether the following variable is qualitative or quantitative.

The yes/no responses on a ballot initiative to the question "Should smoking in restaurants
be"Should smoking in restaurants be prohibited question mark "prohibited?" nothing
A.
The variable is quantitative because it is possible to count the number of responses and check
that each voter gave only one.
B.
The variable is qualitative because yes/no responses on a ballot initiative are nonnumerical
categories.
C.
The variable is qualitative because a voter's response on a ballot initiative depends on his or her
opinions.
D.
The variable is quantitative because the yes and no responses can be counted to determine the
outcome of the initiative.
Which of the following best describes the correlation between accidents and texting while driving?
Explain your reasoning.
Select the correct answer below.
A.
There is a common underlying cause because many of the same people who text while driving
are distracted by other things on the road.
B.
There is a common underlying cause because many people make plans through texting and drive
to get where they are going.
C.
It is a coincidence because texting while driving and accidents are not related.
D.
It is a coincidence because texting while driving has no effect on the driver's ability to pay
attention to the road.
E.
Texting while driving is a likely cause of accidents because texting is a distraction from driving.
F.
Texting while driving is a likely cause of accidents because texting is necessary and takes
precedence over driving.
Fill in the remaining entries in the two-way table shown to the right.
A survey of 140 patrons at a restaurant gave the preferences for entrees and drinks shown to the
right.
Fill in the missing entries in the table.
Fill in the missing entries in the table.
nbsp Vegetarian nbsp Meat divided by Fish nbsp Tota
nbsp Vegetarian nbsp Meat/Fish l Total
WineWine 2828 88 3636
No Wine
3333 7171 104104
nbspNo Wine
Total 6161 7979 140140
You have found a higher rate of birth defects among babies born to women exposed to
second-hand smoke. To support a claim that the second-hand smoke caused the birth defects,
what else should you expect to find? Explain your reasoning.
Select the correct answer below.
A.
Evidence that the types of birth defects in these babies are more debilitating than other types of
birth defects. Second-hand smoke causes the worst kind of birth defects.
B.
Evidence that these types of birth defects occur only in babies whose mothers were exposed to
smoke and never to any other babies. If the birth defects are caused by second-hand smoke, then
the birth defects should not be present in babies whose mothers were not exposed to
second-hand smoke.
C.
Evidence that these types of birth defects occur only in babies whose mothers were exposed to
smoke and never to any other babies. If second-hand smoke is the cause of the birth defects,
there can be no other causes.
D.
Evidence that higher rates of defects are correlated with exposure to greater amounts of smoke.
If higher rates of defects are correlated with exposure to greater amounts of smoke, it is more
likely that the second-hand smoke is a cause of the birth defects.
E.
Evidence that higher rates of defects are correlated with exposure to greater amounts of smoke.
If higher rates of defects are correlated with exposure to greater amounts of smoke, it is less
likely that the second-hand smoke is a cause of the birth defects.
Use the frequency table for the ages of recent award-winning male actors at the time when they
won their award to construct the corresponding histogram.
LOADING... Click the icon to view the frequency table.
Choose the correct graph below.
Age No. of actors
20 minus 2920−29 00
30 minus 3930−39 1212
40 minus 4940−49 1313
50 minus 5950−59 77
60 minus 6960−69 44
70 minus 7970−79 1
Decide whether the following statements makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense
I made a frequency table with two columns, one labeled "State" and one labeled "State Capitol."
A.
The statement makes sense. The set of states is clearly defined and each state has a clearly
defined capitol.
B.
The statement makes sense. In a frequency table, each category listed in one column has a
characteristic about it in the second column. The table described in the given statement has this
property.
C.
The statement does not make sense. In a frequency table, one of the columns lists the frequency
of each category, which is the number of data values in the category. The table described in the
given statement does not have this column.
D.
The statement does not make sense. In a frequency table, each category must have a frequency
greater than 1. Because each state has exactly one capitol, each category in the table described in
the given statement would have frequency 1.
Determine whether the data described are qualitative or quantitative.

The weights of subjects in a clinical trial of a new drugThe weights of subjects in a clinical trial of a
new drug
If the points on a scatterplot fall on a nearly straight line sloping upward, what do the two
variables have? Explain your reasoning.
A.
No correlation. There is only a correlation between two variables when one variable decreases
while the other increases.
B.
No correlation. The given information does not indicate a relationship between the two variables.
C.
A strong positive correlation. A positive correlation is when both variables increase or decrease
together, and a strong correlation is when the two variables lie close to a straight line.
D.
A weak negative correlation. A negative correlation is when both variables increase or decrease
together, and a weak correlation is when the two variables lie close to a straight line.
E.
A strong positive correlation. A positive correlation is when both variables increase together, and
a strong correlation is when the two variables lie exactly on a straight line.
F.
A weak negative correlation. A negative correlation is when both variables increase together, and
a weak correlation is when the two variables lie exactly on a straight line.
Decide whether the following statements makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense
Your pie chart must be wrong, because you have the 45% frequency wedge near the upper left
and the answer key shows it near the lower right.
A.
The statement does not make sense. Although the student's pie chart may be wrong for another
reason, it does not matter where in a pie chart a wedge is located so long as it is labeled clearly.
B.
The statement does not make sense. The person's pie chart is merely the mirror image of the pie
chart in the answer key, so it is still correct.
C.
The statement makes sense. In a pie chart, the largest wedge should always be in the lower right.
D.
The statement makes sense. Pie charts show frequencies, which are whole numbers, and not
relative frequencies, which are fractions or percentages.

A restaurant offers 9 appetizers and 12 main courses. In how many ways can a person order a
two-course meal? Use the multiplication principle with two groups of items.
There are
108 ways a person can order a two-course meal.
Pizza House offers 5 different salads, 6 different kinds of pizza, and 3 different desserts.
How many different three course meals can be ordered?
How many different meals can be ordered?
90
Find the odds for and the odds against the event rolling a fair die and getting a 3 comma a 6
comma or a 2.
a. The odds for the event are
1 to 1. (Simplify your answers.)
b. The odds against the event are
1 to 1. (Simplify your answers.)
The odds on (against) your bet are 2 to 7. If you bet $63 and win, how much will you gain?
$
18
(Type an integer or a decimal.)
Suppose you toss a fair coin 10,000 times. Should you expect to get exactly 5000 heads? Why or
why not? What does the law of large numbers tell you about the results you are likely to get?
Should you expect to get exactly 5000 heads? Why or why not? Choose the correct answer
below.
A.
You should expect to get exactly 5000 heads, because the proportion of heads should be 50% for
such a large number of tosses.
B.
You shouldn't expect to get exactly 5000 heads, because you cannot predict precisely how many
heads will occur.
C.
You should expect to get exactly 5000 heads, because for a fair coin, the proportion of heads is
exactly 50%.
D.
You shouldn't expect to get exactly 5000 heads, because it is not easy to count precisely the
number of heads that occurred.
What does the law of large numbers tell you about the results you are likely to get?
A.
The proportion of heads should approach 0.5 as the number of tosses increases.
B.
The proportion of heads should approach 0.5 as the number of tosses approaches an exact
number.
C.
The proportion of heads should approach 0.5 as the number of tosses decreases.
D.
The proportion of heads should not approach 0.5 as the number of tosses increases.
The table shows the leading causes of death in a certain country in a recent year. The population
of the country was 319 million. What is the empirical probability of death by stroke during a
single year? How much greater is the risk of death by stroke than death by kidney disease?
Cause Deaths Cause Deaths

Heart disease 596 comma Alzheimer's disease 84 comma
900596,900 30084,300
Cancer 575 comma Diabetes 73 comma
400575,400 10073,100
Chronic respiratory 143 comma Pneumonia/Influenza 53 comma
diseases 100143,100 70053,700
Stroke 128 comma Kidney disease 45 comma
700128,700 50045,500
Accidents 122 comma Suicide 38 comma
500122,500 90038,900
The empirical probability of death by stroke during a single year is
0.00040.
(Round to five decimal places as needed.)
The risk of death by stroke is about
2.9 times greater than risk by death of kidney disease.
(Round to one decimal place as needed.)
Use the graph to estimate the death rate for 55-year-olds. Assuming that there were about 14.2
million 55-year-olds, how many people of this age could be expected to die in a year?
A graph titled Death Rate by Age has a horizontal axis labeled Age from 0 to 70 in increments of
10 and a vertical axis labeled Death rate (per 1000) from 0 to 40 in increments of 5. A curve
passes through the following points: (0,7); (10,1); (20,1) (30,2); (40,3); (50,4); (55,8); (60,12);
(65,20); (70,30). All coordinates are approximate.
The estimated death rate for 55-year-olds is 8 deaths per 1000 people.
(Round to the nearest whole number as needed.)
Assuming that there were about 14.2 million 55-year-olds, 113,600 people of this age could be
expected to die in a year.
(Simplify your answer.)
In a certain country, the life expectancy for women in 1900 was 49 years and in 2000 it was 82
years. Assuming that life expectancy between 2000 and 2100 increases by the same percentage
as it did between 1900 and 2000, what will the life expectancy be for women in 2100?
Assuming the life expectancy between 2000 and 2100 will increase by the same percentage as it
did between 1900 and 2000, the life expectancy for women in 2100 will be
137 years.
(Round to the nearest integer as needed.)
Baby Laura wants to arrange 6 blocks in a row. How many different arrangements can she make?
There are
720 ways to arrange the 6 blocks.
Answer the following question using the appropriate counting technique, which may be either
arrangements with repetition, permutations, or combinations. Be sure to explain why this
counting technique applies to the problem.
How many possible birth orders with respect to gender are possible in a family with four children?
(For example, BBGG and GGBG are different orders.)
What counting technique should be used to make this calculation?
A.
Arrangements with repetitions because there are r selections from a group of n choices and
choices can be repeated.
B.
Arrangements with repetitions because the selections come from a single group of items, and
the order of the arrangement matters.
C.
Combinations because the selections come from a single group of items, no item can be selected
more than once and the order of the arrangement does not matter.
D.
Permutations because the selections come from a single group of items, no item can be selected
more than once and the order of the arrangement matters.
There are
16 possible birth orders for a family with four children.
Find the probability of the given event.
Choosing seven numbers that match seven randomly selected balls when the balls are numbered
1 through 36.
The probability of the given event is
StartFraction 1 Over 8,347,680 EndFraction
.
(Type an integer or a simplified fraction.)

Compute the total cost per year of the following pair of expenses. Then complete the sentence:
On an annual basis, the first set of expenses is _______% of the second set of expenses.
Maria spends $15 on lottery tickets every week and spends $128 per month on food.
On an annual basis, the money spent on lottery tickets is
51% of the money spent to buy food.
Consider a relatively simple health insurance plan with the following provisions. Office visits
require a co-payment of $25. Emergency room visits have a $300 co-payment. Surgical operations
have a $1 comma 200 deductible (the first $1 comma 200 is paid out of pocket). The monthly
premium is $390. During a one-year period, somebody insured by this health insurance has the
expenses shown to the right. Complete parts (a) and (b) below.
Expenses
Feb. 18: Office visit
Mar. 26:Emergency room
Apr. 23: Office visit
May 14: Surgery
July 1: Office visit
Sept. 23: Emergency room
a. Determine the person's health care expenses for the year with the insurance policy.
The person's health care expenses with the insurance policy are $
6555.
(Type a whole number.)
b. Determine the person's health care expenses for the year without the insurance policy.
The person's health care expenses without the insurance policy are $
8330.
Calculate the amount of money you'll have at the end of the indicated time period.
You invest $3000 in an account that pays simple interest of 2% for 20 years.
The amount of money you'll have at the end of 20 years is $
4200.
Find the annual percentage yield (APY) in the following situation.

A bank offers an APR of 4.6% compounded daily.
The annual percentage yield is
4.71%.
(Do not round until the final answer. Then round to two decimal places as needed.)
Use the formula for continuous compounding to compute the balance in the account after 1, 5,
and 20 years. Also, find the APY for the account.
A $19 comma 000 deposit in an account with an APR of 3.5%.
The balance in the account after 1 year is approximately $
19676.77.
(Round to the nearest cent as needed.)
The balance in the account after 5 years is approximately $
22633.68.
The balance in the account after 20 years is approximately $
38261.30.
The APY for the account is approximately
3.56%
Use the savings plan formula to answer the following question.

Your goal is to create a college fund for your child. Suppose you find a fund that offers an APR of
4 %. How much should you deposit monthly to accumulate $81 comma 000 in 15 years?
You should invest $
329.15 each month.
Compute the total and annual returns on the described investment.

Four years after buying 200 shares of XYZ stock for $50 per share, you sell the stock for $ 15
comma 100.
The total return is
51%.
(Do not round until the final answer. Then round to one decimal place as needed.)
The annual return is
10.9%.
Consider a home mortgage of $150 comma 000 at a fixed APR of 3% for 15 years.
a. Calculate the monthly payment.
b. Determine the total amount paid over the term of the loan.
c. Of the total amount paid, what percentage is paid toward the principal and what percentage is
paid for interest.
a. The monthly payment is $
1035.87.
(Do not round until the final answer. Then round to the nearest cent as needed.)
b. The total amount paid over the term of the loan is $
186456.6.
c. Of the total amount paid,
80.4% is paid toward the principal, and
19.6% is paid for interest.
Compare the monthly payments and total loan costs for the following pairs of loan options.
Assume that both loans are fixed rate and have the same closing costs.
You need a $100 000 loan.
Option 1: a 30-year loan at an APR of 9.5%.
Option 2: a 15-year loan at an APR of 9%.
Find the monthly payment for each option.
The monthly payment for option 1 is $
840.85.
The monthly payment for option 2 is $
1014.27.
(Do not round until the final answer. Then round to the nearest cent as needed.)
Find the total amount paid for each option.
The total payment for option 1 is $
302706.
The total payment for option 2 is $
182568.6.
(Use the answers from the previous step to find this answer. Round to the nearest cent as
needed.)
Compare the two options. Which appears to be the better option?
A.
Option 1 is the better option, but only if the borrower plans to stay in the same home for the
entire term of the loan.
B.
Option 2 will always be the better option
C.
Option 2 is the better option, but only if the borrower can afford the higher monthly payments
over the entire term of the loan.
D.
Option 1 will always be the better option.
A man earned wages of $31 comma 200, received $1900 in interest from a savings account, and
contributed $3100 to a tax-deferred retirement plan. He was entitled to a personal exemption of
$3200 and had deductions totaling $5340. Find his gross income, adjusted gross income, and
taxable income.
His gross income was $
33100. (Simplify your answer.)
His adjusted gross income was $
His taxable income was $
Use the marginal tax rates in the table below to compute the tax owed in the following situation.
Sarah is single and had a taxable income of $35 800.
Tax Rate Single Married Filing Separately
10% up to $8,925 up to $8,925
15% up to $36,250 up to $36,250
25% up to $87,850 up to $73,200
28% up to $183,250 up to $111,525
33% up to $398,350 up to $199,175
35% up to $400,000 up to $400,000
standard deduction $6100 $6100
exemption (per person) $3900 $3900
The tax owed is $
4924.
(Simplify your answer. Round to the nearest dollar as needed.)
You are in the 25 % tax bracket. The apartment rents for $ 1300 per month. Your monthly
mortgage payments would be $1900, of which an average of $1600 per month goes toward
interest during the first year. Determine whether renting or buying is cheaper in terms of monthly
payments during the first year. Assume you are itemizing deductions.
Is it cheaper to own or to rent?
It is cheaper to own.
It is cheaper to rent.

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The Latest Version A+ Study Guide

MTH 216 Entire Course

MTH 216 Week 1 Checkpoint

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Identify the sample statistic. Choose the correct answer below.

c. Identify the type of study. Choose the correct answer below.

Identify any potential sources of bias in the following study.

MTH 216 Week 2 Checkpoint

d. What variation would you expect in the distribution?

Does not make sense

MTH 216 Week 3 Checkpoint

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Determine whether the following variable is qualitative or quantitative.

Determine whether the data described are qualitative or quantitative.

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Cause Deaths Cause Deaths

MTH 216 Week 5 Checkpoint

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Find the annual percentage yield (APY) in the following situation.

Use the savings plan formula to answer the following question.

Compute the total and annual returns on the described investment.

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