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1. a. a = 6 b = 10
b. 8, found by (6 + 10)/2
(10 - 6) 2
c. 1.1547 found by
12
d. [1/(10 – 6)](10 – 6) = 1
e. 0.75, found by [1/(10 – 6)](10 – 7)
f. 0.5, found by [1/(10 – 6)](9 – 7)
2. a. a=2 b=5
b. 3.5, found by (2 + 5)/2
(5 - 2) 2
c. 0.8660 found by
12
d. [1/(5 – 2)](5 – 2) = 1
e. 0.8, found by [1/(5 – 2)](5 – 2.6)
f. 0.2667, found by [1/(5 – 2)](3.7 – 2.9)
3. a.
Chapter 7 72
5. a. a = 0.5, b = 3.0
b. Mean is 1.75, found by (0.5 + 3.0)/2
(3.0 - 0.5) 2
Standard deviation is 0.72, found by
12
c. 0.2, found by [1/(3.0 – 0.5](1.0 – 0.5)
d. 0.0, found by [1/(3.0 – 0.5](1.0 – 1.0)
e. 0.6, found by [1/(3.0 – 0.5](3.0 – 1.5)
Chapter 7 73
c. 0.5263, found by [1/(10 – 0.5]*(10 – 5)
d. 2.875, found from [1/(10 – 0.5]*(x – 5) = 0.25
and 7.625 found from [1/(10 – 0.5]*(10 – x) = 0.25
7. The actual shape of a normal distribution depends on its mean and standard deviation. Thus,
there is a normal distribution, and an accompanying normal curve, for a mean of 7 and a standard
deviation of 2. There is a another normal curve for a mean of $25,000 and a standard deviation of
$1742, and so on.
8. It is bell shaped and symmetrical about its mean. It is asymptotic. There is a family of normal
curves. The mean, median, and the mode are equal.
75 - 90 100 - 90
12. Z1 = = -0.68 Z2 = = 0.45
22 22
The first is slightly less expensive than average and the second is slightly more.
25 - 20
13. a. 1.25 found by z = = 1.25
4.0
b. 0.3944, found in Appendix B.1
18 - 20
c. 0.3085, found by z = = -0.5
2.5
Find 0.1915 in Appendix B.1 for z = – 0.5 then 0.5000 – 0.1915 = 0.3085
74 Chapter 7
14.3 - 12.2
14. a. z = 0.84, found by z = = 0.84
2.5
b. 0.2995, found in Appendix B.1
10 - 12.2
c. 0.1894, found by z = = -0.88
2.5
Find 0.3106 in Appendix B.1 for z = – 0.88, then 0.5000 – 0.3106 = 0.1894
$24 - $20.50
15. a. 0.3413, found by z = = 1.00
$3.50
Then find 0.3413 in Appendix B.1 for a z = 1
b. 0.1587, found by 0.5000 – 0.3413 = 0.1587
$19.00 - $20.50
c. 0.3336, found by z = = -0.43
$3.50
Find 0.1664 in Appendix B.1, for a z = – 0.43, then 0.5000 – 0.1664 = 0.3336
17. a. 0.8276, first find z = – 1.5, found by ((44 – 50)/4) and z = 1.25 = (55 – 50)/4). The area
between –1.5 and 0 is 0.4332 and the area between 0 and 1.25 is 0.3944, both from
Appendix B.1. Then adding the two area we find that 0.4332 + 0.3944 = 0.8276.
b. 0.1056, found by 0.5000 – 0.3944, where z = 1.25
c. 0.2029, recall that the area for z = 1.25 is 0.3944, and the area for z = 0.5, found by ((52 –
50)/4) is 0.1915. Then subtract 0.3944 – 0.1915 and find 0.2029.
18. a. 0.4017, first find z = – 0.36, found by ((75 – 80)/14) and z = 0.71(((90 – 80)/14). The
area between –0.36 and 0 is 0.1406 and the area between 0 and 0.71 is 0.2611, both from
Appendix B.1. then adding the two area we find 0.1406 + 0.2611 = 0.4017.
b. 0.3594, found by 0.5000 – 0.1406, where z = – 0.36
c. 0.2022 found by z = (55 – 80)/14 = – 1.79, for which the area is 0.4633. The z-value for
70 is – 0.71 and the corresponding area is 0.2661. So 0.4633 – 0.2611 = 0.2022
19. a. 0.2005, found by 0.5000 – 0.2995, where z = 0.84, found by ((3000 – 2454)/650).
b. 0.1468; the z-value for $3500 is 1.61, found by ((3500 – 2454)/650, and the
corresponding area is 0.4463, which leads to 0.4463 – 0.2995 = 0.1468.
c. 0.4184; the z-value for $2500 is 0.07, found by ((2500 – 2454)/650, and the
corresponding area is 0.0279, which leads to 0.4463 – 0.0279 = 0.4184.
Chapter 7 75
20. a. 0.3085, found by z = ($80,000 – $70,000)/$20,000 = 0.50. The area is 0.1915. Then
0.5000 – 0.1915 = 0.3085
b. 0.2902, found by z = ((80,000 – 70,000)/20,000) = 0.50, the area is 0.1915
z = ((65,000 – 70,000)/20,000) = – 0.25, the area is 0.0987
Adding these values together: 0.1915 + 0.0987 = 0.2902
c. 0.5987, found by the area under the curve with a z = – 0.25, 0.0987 + 0.5000 = 0.5987
21. a. 0.0764, found by z = (20 – 15)/3.5 = 1.43, then 0.5000 – 0.4236 = 0.0764
b. 0.9236, found by 0.5000 + 0.4236, where z = 1.43
c. 0.1185, found by z = (12 – 15)/3.5 = – 0.86. The area under the curve is 0.3051, then z =
((10 – 15/3.5) = – 1.43. The area is 0.4236, finally, 0.4236 – 0.3051 = 0.1185
23. X = 56.60, found by adding 0.5000(the area left of the mean) and then finding a z value that
forces 45% of the data to fall inside the curve. Solving for X: 1.65 = (X – 50)/4 = 56.60.
X - 80
-0.84 =
24. 14
X = 80.00 - 11.76 = 68.24
76 Chapter 7
28. 27,507; found by 20,082 + 1.65(4500)
35. a. Yes. (1) There are two mutually exclusive outcomes-overweight and not overweight. (2)
It is the result of counting the number of successes (overweight members). (3) Each trial
is independent. (4) The probability of 0.30 remains the same for each trial.
b. 0.0084, found by =500(0.30) = 150 2 = 500(0.30)(0.70) = 105
X - 174.5 - 150
= 105 = 10.24695 z= = = 2.39
10.24695
The area under the curve for 2.39 is 0.4916. Then 0.5000 – 0.4916 = 0.0084
139.5 - 150
c. 0.8461, found by z = = -1.02
10.24695
The area between 139.5 and 150 is 0.3461. Adding 0.3461 + 0.5000 = 0.8461
Chapter 7 77
37. a. 12.005 found by (11.96 + 12.05) / 2
(12.05 - 11.96)2
b. 0.02598 found by
12
c. 0.4444 found by [1 / (12.05 – 11.96)](12 – 11.96)
d. 0.7778 found by [1 / (12.05 – 11.96)](12.05 – 11.98)
e. 1.0 found by [1 / (12.05 – 11.96)](12.05 – 11.96)
41. a. – 0.4 for net sales, found by (170 – 180)/25 and 2.92 for employees, found by
(1850 – 1500)/120
b. Net sales are 0.4 standard deviations below the mean. Employees is 2.92 standard
deviations above the mean.
c. 65.54% of the aluminum fabricators have greater net sales compared with Clarion, found
by 0.1554 + 0.5000. Only 0.18% have more employees than Clarion, found by
0.5000 – 0.4982
29 - 32 34 - 32
42. a. = -1.5 = 1.0 0.3413
2 2
b. 0.7745, found by 0.4332 + 0.3413
c. 0.0495, found by 0.5000 - 0.4505
d. 35.3, found by 32 + 1.65(2)
30 - 490
43. a. 0.5000, because z = = -5.11
90
b. 0.2514, found by 0.5000 - 0.2486
c. 0.6374, found by 0.2486 + 0.3888
d. 0.3450, found by 0.3888 - 0.0438
78 Chapter 7
5 - 4.2
44. a. 0.4082, because z = = 1.33
0.6
b. 0.0918, found by 0.5000 - 0.4082
c. 0.0905, found by 0.4987 - 0.4082
d. 0.6280, found by 0.4987 + 0.1293
e. 5.25, found by 4.2 + 1.75(0.6)
48. a. 0.1314 or 13.14%, found by z = (2500 – 1994)/450 = 1.12, then 0.5000 – 0.3686
b. 0.1189 or 11.89%, found by 0.4875 – 0.3686, when z = (3000 – 1994)/450= 2.24
c. 0.0136 or 1.36%, found by z = (1000 – 1994)/450 = –2.21, then 0.5000 – 0.4864
Chapter 7 79
c. 0.0297, found by (4.5 – 10)/2.828 = – 1.94 and (5.5 – 10)/2.828 = – 1.59. Then 0.4738 –
0.4441 = 0.0297
d. 0.8882, found by adding the area between z = – 1.59 and z = 1.59. Then 2(0.4441) =
0.8882
59. a. 21.19 percent found by z = (9.00 – 9.20)/0.25 = – 0.80; so 0.5000 – 0.2881 = 0.2119
b. Increase the mean. z = (9.00 – 9.25)/0.25 = –1.00; probability is 0.5000 – 0.3413 =
0.1587 Reduce the standard deviation. z = (9.00 – 9.20)/0.15 = -1.33; the probability =
0.500 – 0.4082 = 0.0918
Reducing the standard deviation is better because a smaller percent of the hams will be
below the limit.
40 - 43.9
60. 0.5000 – 0.3333 = 0.1667 so z = 0.43 -0.43 = =9.07
49 - 43.9
0.5000 – 0.2000 = 0.3000, so z = 0.84 0.84 = =6.07
There is about a 50 percent difference between the two standard deviations. The distribution is
not normal.
80 Chapter 7
c. z = (45 – 52)/5 = – 1.40, so 0.5000 – 0.4192 = 0.0808
62. a. z = (45.00 – 42.000)/2.25 = 1.33, p(z > 1.33) = 0.5000 – 0.4082 = 0.0918. It is over $45
about 22 days, found by 240(0.0918).
b. z = (38.00 – 42.00)/2.25 = – 1.78 and z = (40.00 – 42.00)/2.25 = – 0.89. So 0.4625 –
0.3133 = 0.1492 or 14.92 percent of the days.
c. $44.34, found by 42.00 + (1.04)(2.25)
470 - 500 -
63. = 0.25 = 1.28 =29,126 and =462,718
66. a. z = (280.0 – 221.10)/47.11 = 1.25 P(z > 1.25) = 0.5000 – 0.3944 = 0.1056
There are 14 homes or 13.3%, that actually sell for more than $280,000, so the
approximation is close.
b. z = (18 – 14.629)/4.874 = 0.69 z = (22 – 14.629)/4.874 = 1.51
Probability is 0.4345 – 0.2549 = 0.1796 There are actually 24 homes or 23
percent. The normal approximation underestimates the actual percent by about 5
percentage points.
Chapter 7 81
67. a. 0.0681, found by 0.5000 - 0.4319 with z = (3500 – 2496)/ 673
= 1.49; leads to 2 teams, found by 30(0.0681). Three teams actually had
attendance of more than 3.5 million. So the estimate is fairly accurate.
b. 0.7486, found by 0.5000 + 0.2486 with z = (50 – 73.06)/ 34.23
= -0.67; leads to 22.5 teams, found by 30(0.7486). Twenty-two teams actually had
salaries of more than $50 million. So the estimate is accurate.
68. a. 0.2119, found by 0.5000 - 0.2881; leads to 10 countries, found by 46(0.2119). Twelve
countries actually have per capita GDP above 24. So the estimate is fairly accurate.
b. 0.3669, found by 0.5000 - 0.1331; leads to 17 countries, found by 46(0.3669). Eleven
countries actually have exports above 170. So the estimate is not very accurate.
82 Chapter 7