BS EN 74-1-2005 False Work & Scaffolds PDF

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN
74-1:2005
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Couplers, spigot pins

and baseplates for use
in falsework and
scaffolds —
Part 1: Couplers for tubes —
Requirements and test procedures
The European Standard EN 74-1:2005 has the status of a

British Standard
ICS 91.220
12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN 74-1:2005
National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of

EN 74-1:2005. It supersedes BS 1139-2.1:1991 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/514, Access and support equipment, to Subcommittee B/514/21, Access and
working scaffolds and their components (props, tubes and couplers), which has
the responsibility to:
— aid enquirers to understand the text;
— present to the responsible international/European committee any

enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK
interests informed;
— monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.
A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on

request to its secretary.
Additional information
BS EN 74-1:2005 specifies test procedures to establish whether couplers meet
with the criteria specified. The characteristic structural parameters for
couplers for use in design are not given in BS EN 74-1:2005 but in
BS EN 12811-1:2003, Annex C.
It is the intention of BSI Committee B/514 that once EN 74-2 and EN 74-3 of
EN 74 are finalized, a separate guidance document should be published to
facilitate the use of this series of standards in the UK.
Textual errors
The textual errors set out below were discovered when adopting the text of the
European standard. They have been reported to the DIN Secretariat in a
proposal to amend the text of the European standard.
In Table 8 and Table 9, in the ‘‘Clause’’ column, for all references the initial ‘‘8’’
should be replaced by ‘‘7’’.
In Table 10, in the NOTE, ‘‘7.1’’ should read ‘‘6.1’’.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, page i, a blank
page, the EN title page, pages 2 to 42, an inside back cover and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.
This British Standard was Amendments issued since publication

published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee Amd. No. Date Comments
on 31 August 2006
© BSI 2006
ISBN 0 580 49096 3

BS EN 74-1:2005
In Table B.2, column 3, ‘‘8.2.1’’ and ‘‘8.2.2’’ should read ‘‘7.2.1’’ and ‘‘7.2.2’’
respectively.
In Table B.2, column 4, ‘‘BRB’’ should read ‘‘RB’’.
In the NOTE below Table B.2, ‘‘Table 6’’ should read ‘‘Table 7’’.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications
referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section
entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the
“Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
i
blank
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 74-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2005
ICS 91.220 Supersedes EN 74:1988
English Version
Couplers, spigot pins and baseplates for use in falsework and

scaffolds - Part 1: Couplers for tubes - Requirements and test
procedures
Raccords, goujons d'assemblages et semelles pour Kupplungen, Zentrierbolzen und Fußplatten für
étaiement et échaffaudages de service - Partie 1: Raccords Arbeitsgerüste und Traggerüste - Teil 1: Rohrkupplungen -
pour tubes - Exigences de performance et méthodes Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
d'essai
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 August 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 74-1:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction......................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................5
2 Normative references .........................................................................................................................5
3 Terms, definitions and symbols ........................................................................................................5
3.1 Terms and definitions.........................................................................................................................6
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations................................................................................................................6
4 Types and classes of couplers ..........................................................................................................7
4.1 Types of couplers ...............................................................................................................................7
4.2 Classes of couplers ............................................................................................................................7
5 Reference tubes and bar for coupler tests......................................................................................12
6 General requirements .......................................................................................................................13
6.1 Materials ............................................................................................................................................13
6.2 Design................................................................................................................................................13
6.3 Manufacturer's drawing....................................................................................................................16
6.4 Production .........................................................................................................................................16
7 Test methods and evaluation of results..........................................................................................16
7.1 General ..............................................................................................................................................16
7.2 Slipping and failure force .................................................................................................................19
7.3 Pull-apart force Fp (RA).....................................................................................................................26
7.4 Stiffnesses and ultimate moments ..................................................................................................27
7.5 Indentation (RA,SW,PA) ...................................................................................................................34
8 Designation .......................................................................................................................................36
9 Marking ..............................................................................................................................................36
10 Test report .........................................................................................................................................37
11 Evaluation of test results..................................................................................................................37
12 Assessment.......................................................................................................................................37
13 Product manual .................................................................................................................................37
Annex A (normative) Whitworth thread size 1/2 X 12 Tpi ..........................................................................38
A.1 Nominal values.................................................................................................................................38
A.2 Tolerances and limiting dimensions after coating .........................................................................39
Annex B (informative) Ongoing production control...................................................................................40
Bibliography...................................................................................................................................................42
2
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Foreword
This European Standard (EN 74-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 53 “Temporary
works equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by April 2006.
When published this European Standard supersedes the requirements for couplers specified in EN 74:1988.
There are additional requirements for some couplers.
The couplers specified in this European Standard are intended for use in scaffolds erected in accordance with
EN 12811-1 and falsework erected in accordance with EN 12812.
This European Standard is not mandated at the time of publication.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
3
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Introduction
This is the first of three parts of a European Standard which supersedes EN 74:1988.
This first part, EN 74-1, covers common types of friction couplers.
The second part, EN 74-2, deals with other less common types of couplers.
The third part, EN 74-3, deals with plain base plates and loose spigot pins. Until this part is available the
respective clauses of EN 74:1988 remain valid.
EN 74-1 defines a set of steel and aluminium reference tubes for the required tests.
EN 74-1 is not intended to prevent the development of other types of couplers. For example couplers may be
manufactured in aluminium or other materials or be designed for use with steel or aluminium tubes other than
the normally used 48,3 mm nominal outside diameter. Whilst such couplers cannot comply with this European
Standard, it is recommended that the principles of this European Standard are considered in their design and
assessment.
The couplers in this European Standard are intended for use in scaffolds and falsework for connecting 48,3
mm outside diameter steel and aluminium tubes which fulfil in other respects (e.g. material grade, thickness
and tolerances) the requirements given in EN 12811-1, EN 12811-2 and EN 12810-1.
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EN 74-1:2005 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies, for right angle couplers, swivel couplers, sleeve couplers and parallel
couplers working by friction:
 materials;
 design requirements;
 strength classes with different structural parameters including values for resistance and stiffness;
 test procedures;
 assessment;
and gives
 recommendations for ongoing production control.
For testing, screw couplers are tightened to a torque of 50 Nm and wedge couplers are tightened with a 500 g
hammer until the jarring blow.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 10002-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature
EN 12811-1:2003, Temporary works equipment — Part 1: Scaffolds — Performance requirements and

general design
EN 12811-2:2004, Temporary works equipment — Part 2: Information on materials
EN 12811-3:2002, Temporary works equipment — Part 3: Load testing
EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts,
screws and studs (ISO 898-1:1999)
EN 20898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners — Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load value -; Coarse
thread (ISO 898-2:1992)
EN 12812, Falsework — Performance requirements and general design
3 Terms, definitions and symbols

For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 12811-1:2003 and the
following apply.
5
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
coupler
device used for connecting two tubes
3.1.2
wedge coupler
coupler in which the clamping force is obtained by tightening a flap around the tube by means of hammering
home a wedge
3.1.3
screw coupler
coupler in which the clamping force is obtained by tightening a flap around the tube by means of a nut and a
bolt
3.1.4
supplementary coupler
right angle coupler positioned touching an identical coupler in order to increase the slip resistance
3.1.5
assessment
checking process to establish compliance with the requirements specified in this European Standard
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purpose of this European Standard, the following symbols apply:
 Fs slipping force in kN;
 Ff failure force in kN;
 Fp pull apart force in kN;
 MB bending or cruciform bending moment in kNm;
 cϕ(i),MB cruciform bending stiffness in kNm/rad;
 MT rotational moment in kNm;
 cϕ,MT rotational stiffness in kNm/rad;
 Fs,c specified value for slipping force in kN;
 Ff,c specified value for failure force in kN;
 Fp,c specified value for pull apart force in kN;
 MB,c specified value for bending moment in kNm;
 cϕ(i),MB,c specified value for cruciform bending stiffness in kNm/rad;
 MT,c specified value for rotational moment in kNm;
 cϕ,MT,c specified value for rotational stiffness in kNm/rad;
6
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
 ν displacement in millimetres of the transverse tube under load relative to a tube or solid bar in
rotational tests;
 ∆i displacement in millimetres of a coupler under load relative to a tube or solid bar;
 ∆10 indentation in millimetres;
 P test load in kN;
 Pind test load for indentation in kN;
 ϕ specified angle of rotation of a coupler in degrees;
 Pf,ult load bearing capacity of a coupler at failure;
 Pp,ult load bearing capacity of a coupler for pull apart;
 Mult capacity of a coupler of cruciform bending ultimate moment;
 ReH yield strength;
 Rp,0.2 proof stress at elongation of 0.2 %;
 Rm tensile strength;
4 Types and classes of couplers
4.1 Types of couplers
The types of couplers are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 — Types of couplers
Type of coupler Identification Arrangement of tubes
Right angle coupler RA Crossing at a right angle
Swivel coupler SW Crossing at any angle
Parallel coupler PA Parallel
Sleeve coupler SF End to end coaxially
4.2 Classes of couplers
4.2.1 General
The classes for each type of coupler are given in Table 2.
7
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Table 2 — Classes of couplers
Type of coupler Class
A B AA BB
Right angle coupler ■ ■ ■ ■
Swivel coupler ■ ■ ----- -----
Parallel coupler ■ ■ ----- -----
Sleeve coupler friction type ■ ■ ----- -----
■ Specified class
NOTE Classes A and B differ in transmissible internal forces and moments and in values of load bearing capacity
and stiffness. Couplers of classes AA and BB, used as single couplers have the same characteristics as couplers of
classes A and B respectively, but they may also be used to increase slipping capacity if two identical couplers AA+AA or
BB+BB are positioned touching each other.
4.2.2 Transmissible internal forces, moments and related stiffnesses
In general a connection between two tubes is able to transmit three forces and three moments at right angles
to each other with related stiffness.
Tables 3 to 6 show which structural parameters apply. See Table 8 for values for testing purposes.
NOTE Longitudinal stiffness may be derived from load – displacement curves for slipping forces.
8
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Table 3 — Structural parameters for right angle couplers (RA)

Class
Structural parameters
A and AA B and BB
Slipping force Fs ■ ■
Force or moment
Rotational moment MT * --- ■

(Figure 1)
Pull apart force Fp ■ ■

Failure force Ff ■ ■
Cruciform bending moment MB* --- ■
Rotational stiffness cϕ,MT* --- ■

Connection
stiffness
Cruciform bending stiffness cϕ,MB --- ■
■ Resistance or stiffness specified

* Only for screw couplers
Figure 1 — Forces and moments for a right angle coupler
9
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Table 4 — Structural parameters for swivel couplers (SW)
Class
Structural parameter
A B
1 Slipping force Fs (Figure 2) ■ ■
2 Failure force Ff (Figure 2) ■ ■
■ Resistance specified
Figure 2 — Forces for a swivel coupler
Table 5 — Structural parameters for parallel couplers (PA)
Class
Structural parameter
A B
2 Failure force Ff (Figure 3) ■ ■
10
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Figure 3 — Forces for a parallel coupler
Table 6 — Structural parameters for sleeve couplers (SF)
Structural parameters Class
A B
2 Bending moment MB (Figure4) --- ■
11
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Figure 4 — Forces and moments for a sleeve coupler
5 Reference tubes and bar for coupler tests
The specified outside diameter of all tubes and bars shall be 48,3 mm with a tolerance for tubes of ± 0,5 mm
and for bars of ± 0,2 mm.
Reference tubes shall be used that are selected from normal production whose properties lie within the
tolerance bands specified in Table 7.
The tubes shall be unused and steel tubes shall be hot dip galvanized in accordance with EN 12811-2 class
C2 of corrosion protection.
Table 7 — Reference tubes and bar for coupler tests
Reference Structural Material Yield strength or hardness Wall Wall thickness

form thickness tolerance
mm
2 2
RTS1 Tube Steel 235 N/mm ≤ ReH ≤ 265 N/mm 3.2 mm + 0,1 - 0,2 (including
corrosion resistance)
RTS2 Tube Steel 315 N/mm2 ≤ ReH ≤ 345 N/mm2 2.7 mm + 0,1 - 0,2 (including
RTS3 Tube Steel 235 N/mm2 ≤ ReH ≤ 265 N/mm2 4.0 mm + 0,1 - 0,2 (including
RTA Tube Alluminium 195 N/mm2 ≤ ReH ≤ 215 N/mm2 4.0 mm + 0,1 - 0,2
alloy
RB Bar Steel 250 Brinell See Clause 5
12
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
6 General requirements
6.1 Materials
All elements of couplers shall be made of steel or cast iron and shall fulfil the requirements given in European
Standards where design data are provided. Some information about those most commonly used is given in
EN 12811-2. Elements shall be protected against atmospheric corrosion in general in accordance with
EN 12811-2.
Electrolytical zinc coating Cz with an average thickness of 15 µm conforms to 8.1 of 12811-2:2004.
For screw and nut connection, other corrosion protection which is specified in EN or ISO standards may be
applied. It shall be shown that they achieve at least equivalent protection.
When tested to EN 10002-1, cast irons shall have a minimum elongation of 5 % on ultimate strength where
lo = 3d.
6.2 Design
6.2.1 A coupler model of a defined type and class shall conform to all requirements specified in Table 8. It
means for any structural parameter that the evaluated test results shall be equal or exceed the specified
values in this European Standard except for indentation.
The characteristic values and safety coefficients to be applied for use shall be as given in EN 12811-1 and in
EN 12812.
6.2.2 The design of couplers shall be such that after tightening onto any steel or aluminium tube given in
Clause 5 and tightened in accordance with 7.1.7 and 7.1.8, there shall be significant effective travel on the nut
or wedge.
NOTE Experience shows that 2 mm of thread or wedge remaining and a minimum gap of 2 mm between the closing
flap and the body are suitable limits.
6.2.3 A coupler shall be manufactured so that the elements cannot be separated during normal service
condition.
The bolt class shall be at least M12. The bolt strength class shall be at least grade 5.6 in accordance with
EN ISO 898-1. The proof load on each bolt, Rp 0.2, shall not be less than 32,2 kN and the ReH/RM ratio not
greater than 0,8.
The recommended bolt is M14x2, with tolerances in accordance with ISO 965.
½” Whitworth threads shall comply with Annex A.
The nut and bolt combination shall be in accordance with EN 20898-2. The nut shall be one of the following:
 plain hexagonal nut with a separate loose washer; or
 special flanged hexagonal nut having an integral fixed washer flange; or
 special hexagonal nut incorporating an integral rotating washer.
The outside diameter of the washers or nut flanges shall be at least equal to the measurement across the
corners of the hexagonal nuts at specified dimensions + 2 mm. The washer or nut flange thickness shall not
be less than 2,5 mm. A loose washer shall have a hardness of between 200 HV and 300 HV.
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EN 74-1:2005 (E)
NOTE Research has shown that the slipping resistance is dependant on the bolt tension. For a given torque this
tension is considerably increased when the integral friction coefficient on the thread is low. This integral friction coefficient
is significantly influenced by the type of corrosion protection and by the lubrication of the bolt and nut connection.
6.2.4 The correct installation of the tubes in the sleeve couplers shall preferably be achieved automatically
by the design of the coupler, e.g. by a self-centring device; otherwise it shall be very easy to verify visually
that it is correctly assembled.
6.2.5 An AA or BB coupler shall also fulfil the performance requirements of A and B couplers.
6.2.6 A coupler shall not cause an indentation greater than that specified in Table 8 when tested in
accordance with 7.5.
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EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Table 8 — Test parameters and specified values

COUPLER CLASS COUPLER CONFIGURATION
Type Property parameter Symbols Clause Test parameter A AA B BB AA/AA BB/BB
SPECIFIED VALUES
∆1 ≤ 7 mm 7,0 kN 10,0 kN 10,0 kN 15,0 kN
Slipping force Fs,c 8.2.1 1 ≤ ∆2 ≤2 mm 10,0 kN 15,0 kN 15,0 kN 25,0 kN
1 ≤ ∆5 ≤2 mm - - 15,0 kN 25,0 kN
Failure force Ff,c 8.2.2 Pf,ult 20,0 kN 30,0 kN 30,0 kN 45,0 kN - -
stiffness cϕ,MT,c MT = ± 0,13 kNm - 7,5 kNm/rad

Rotation 8.4.2
moment MT,c 1° ≤ θ ≤ 2° - 0,13 kNm
Pull apart force Fp,c 8.3 Pp,ult 20,0 kN 30,0 kN - -
Cruciform bending stiffness on steel cϕ1,MB,c MB/1,65 =0.48 kNm - 15,0 kNm/rad - -
tube
cϕ2,MB,c MB=0,8 kNm - 6,0 kNm/rad - -
Right angle couplers (RA)
Cruciform bending stiffness on cϕ1,MB,c 8.4.1 MB/1,65=0,48 kNm - 13,0 kNm/rad - -

aluminium tube
cϕ2,MB,c MB=0,8 kNm - 5,0 kNm/rad - -
Cruciform bending ultimate moment Mult,c 2MB - 1,6 kNm - -
∆10 Pind = 6,67 kN ≤ 1,5 mm - - -

Indentation 8.5
Pind = 10,0 kN - ≤ 1,5 mm - -
Fs,c ∆1 ≤ 7 mm 7,0 kN 10,0 kN - -

Swivel (couplers (SW)
Slipping force 8.2.1

1 ≤ ∆2 ≤ 2 mm 10,0 kN 15,0 kN - -
Failure force Ff,c 8.2.2 Pult 14,0 kN 20,0 kN - -
∆10 Pind = 4,7 kN ≤ 1,5 mm - - -

Indentation 8.5
Pind = 6,67 kN - ≤ 15 mm - -
Slipping force Fs,c ∆1 ≤ 7 mm 7,0 kN 10,0 kN - -

8.2.1
1 mm ≤ ∆2 ≤ 2 mm 10,0 kN 15,0 kN - -
coupler Parallel Coupler
Failure force Ff,c 8.2.2 Pult 20,0 kN 30,0 kN - -
∆10 Pind = 6.67 kN ≤ 1,5 mm - - -

Indentation 8.5
( PA)
Pind = 10.0 kN - ≤ 1,5 mm - -
Slipping force Fs,c 8.2.1 1≤ ∆2 ≤2 mm 6,0 kN 9,0 kN - -

Sleeve
(SF)
Bending moment MB,c 8.4.3 ∆4 = 5 mm - 1,4 kNm - -
15
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
6.3 Manufacturer's drawing
For each coupler model, the manufacturer shall record on the drawings sufficient information for unambiguous
identification and as a reference for subsequent inspection.
a) geometry;
b) dimensions and tolerances;
c) mass with tolerance;
d) material specification for each element of the coupler;
e) type of surface protection for each element of the coupler.
6.4 Production
6.4.1 An appropriate method of quality control during a production program shall ensure that couplers
satisfy the performance requirements of this European Standard and that they comply with the manufacturer’s
drawings.
NOTE Annex B gives recommendations for ongoing production control.
When the ongoing production control follows one of the inspection methods set out in Annex B, it may be
assumed that the couplers produced under this regime satisfy the requirements of this clause.
6.4.2 When ongoing production control procedures differ from those recommended in Annex B, they should
be drawn up by a person competent to do so.
NOTE Although it is not a requirement of this European Standard, it is recommended that manufacturers submit their
production control procedures periodically to third party inspections.
7 Test methods and evaluation of results
7.1 General
7.1.1 The minimum number of tests carried out on different types and classes of each coupler shall be in
accordance with Table 9.
7.1.2 The specimen required for testing shall be randomly selected (see ISO 2859) from a batch of at least
500 couplers.
7.1.3 Unused couplers shall be used for all tests except that, for ultimate load tests, those used for slip tests
may be reused.
7.1.4 Where the performance of a coupler depends on the load direction, the more unfavourable load
direction shall be tested.
7.1.5 All test equipment shall have an accuracy ≤ 1 %. With exception, a torque wrench may have an
accuracy of at least ± 5 %.
7.1.6 When testing screw couplers the conditioning for thread and bolt and nut connection shall be in
accordance with the statement regarding lubrication given in the product manual (see Clause 13 e)).
7.1.7 Screw couplers shall be tightened with a torque of 50 Nm applied with a torque wrench conforming to
7.1.5.
16
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
7.1.8 Wedge couplers shall be tightened with a 500 g hammer until the jarring blow is reached.
7.1.9 Before carrying out the slip tests in accordance with 7.2.1 and 7.4.2, couplers shall be tightened and
untightened 5 times.
7.1.10 Slip test loads shall not be applied until 10 min after tightening the coupler.
7.1.11 Reference tubes and bars shall be in accordance with Table 7.
7.1.12 When a right angle coupler model is tested for classes AA or BB the second coupler, which shall be
an identical model to the first, shall be positioned touching the first for the slipping test.
17
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Table 9 — Minimum number of tests for each coupler type and class and configuration
Number of tests
Coupler Clause
Type of coupler Coupler Type of test
class Reference tubes (see Table 7)
configuration
RTS1 RTS2 RTS3 RTA RB
Slipping force Fs 10 --- --- 5 --- 8.2.1
A Failure force Ff --- --- --- --- 5 8.2.2
--------- Pull apart force
AA --- --- --- --- 5 8.3
Fp
Indentation --- 5 --- --- --- 8.5
Failure force Ff --- --- --- --- 5 8.2.2
Pull apart force --- --- --- --- 5 8.3
Right angle coupler ----------- Fp
(RA) B Cruciform
BB bending moment 10 --- --- 5 --- 8.4.1
MB
Rotational 5 ---- --- 5 --- 8.4.2
moment MT
Indentation --- 5 --- --- --- 8.5
AA + AA
----- BB + BB Slipping force Fs 10 --- --- 5 ---- 8.2.1

A
---------- Failure force Ff --- --- --- --- 5 8.2.2
Swivel coupler (SW) B
Indentation --- 5 --- --- --- 8.5
A
Parallel coupler (PA) ---------- Failure force Ff --- --- --- --- 5 8.2.2
B
Indentation --- 5 --- --- --- 8.5
A
B ----------
Sleeve coupler (SF) ----------- Bending moment 5
B --- --- --- --- 8.4.3
MB
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EN 74-1:2005 (E)
7.2 Slipping and failure force
7.2.1 Slipping force Fs (RA,SW,PA,SF)
7.2.1.1 Purpose of test
To determine the resistance of Fs of a coupler to slipping along a tube and the relative displacements between
the tube and the coupler.
7.2.1.2 Test arrangements
For right angle and swivel couplers, provide equipment to apply a test load P to the transverse tube at two
points equidistant from the axis and not more than 125 mm from it, see Figures 5 and 6. Support the basic
tube laterally at two points not more than 500 mm apart. Make provision for measuring the displacement ∆1
between the transverse and the basic tubes and ∆2 between the back of the coupler and the basic tube.
For parallel couplers, which are tested in pairs for slip, see Figure 7, support each tube outside the coupler,
with the two supports not more the 1 000 mm apart. The couplers shall be not more than 400 mm apart. Make
provision for measuring the displacement ∆1 between the two tubes and ∆2(1) and ∆2(2) between each coupler
and the tube to which it is fixed.
For sleeve couplers provide equipment to apply a test load P axially at the ends. Make provision for
measuring the displacement ∆1 between two points each 250 mm from the centre of the coupler.
19
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Key
1, 2 reference tube RTS1 – RTA
3 bearing used to guide the tube
b ≤ 250 mm
m ≤ 500 mm
Figure 5 — Test arrangement for the slipping force Fs of right angle couplers and swivel couplers
20
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Key

b ≤ 250 mm
m ≤ 500 mm
Figure 6 — Test arrangement for the slipping force Fs of right angle couplers with the configuration
AA+AA or BB+BB
21
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Key
3 bearing used to guide the tubes
b ≤ 1 000 mm
m ≤ 400 mm
Figure 7 — Test arrangement for the slipping force Fs of two parallel couplers
Key
1,2 reference tubes RTS1 – RTA
b = 500 mm
Figure 8 — Test arrangement for the slipping force Fs of a sleeve coupler
7.2.1.3 Requirements for initial load
Apply an initial load P to establish the zero for displacement measurements.
Make this initial load P = 0,4 kN for right angle couplers and a negative initial load P = - 0,1 kN for swivel
couplers.
Do not provide an initial load for parallel couplers and sleeve couplers.
7.2.1.4 Test procedure
The test load P(i) shall be increased uniformly at a rate not exceeding 0,3 kN per second until the coupler
begins to slip. Thereafter, a rate of slip of 2,0 mm per minute shall not be exceeded.
22
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Load displacement curves P(i) = f(∆i) shall be plotted until either:
a) displacement ∆i reaches the maximum value given in Table 8; or
b) test load P(i) reaches a value twice the specified value FS given in Table 8; or
c) test load P(i) reaches a value after which the load cannot be usefully increased.
The plotted load displacement curves (P(i) = f(∆i)) shall include at least one displacement measurement point
for every 1,0 kN increase in load P.
7.2.1.5 Evaluation of test results
The slipping force Fs(i) of the specimen is the lowest test load P(i) measured when the displacement ∆2 is
between 1 mm and 2 mm.
Analyse the results Fs(i) statistically in accordance with EN 12811-3 to determine the 5 % quantile Fs5%. The
value Fs5% shall not be less than the specified value Fs,c from Table 8.
7.2.2 Failure force Ff (RA,SW,PA)
To determine the resistance of Ff, of a coupler at failure.
The test arrangements for right angle couplers of classes A, B, AA and BB and for swivel couplers are shown
in Figure 9. The coupler, which shall be located touching the abutment, is fixed on the basic solid bar to
prevent the coupler sliding during the test. The abutment shall be on the side of the basic solid bar remote
from the transverse bar.
The test arrangement for a parallel coupler is shown in Figure 10. The coupler, which shall be placed touching
the abutment, is fixed on the basic solid bar to prevent the coupler sliding during the test. The abutment shall
be on the side of the basic bar remote from the abutment.
23
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Key
1, 2 bar RB
3 bearing used to guide the bar
4 abutment
b ≤ 250 mm
m ≤ 500 mm
Figure 9 — Test arrangement for the failure force Ff for a right angle coupler and for a swivel coupler
24
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Key
1 bar RB
2 abutment
3 bearing used to guide the bar
4 thrust pad
m = 500 mm
n = 120 mm
s = 3 mm
ød2 = 48,3 mm ± 0,2 mm
ød1 ≥ 60 mm
Figure 10 — Test arrangement for failure force Ff for a parallel coupler
Increase the test load P(i) displacement controlled with not more than 2 mm per min until either:
a) coupler component fractures; or
b) test load P(i) reaches a value after which the load cannot be usefully increased.
Record the load displacement curves with the maximum test load P(i) and the nature of the failure.
The failure force resistance Ff(i) of each specimen is the maximum test load P(i). Analyse the results of F(i)
statistically in accordance with EN 12811-3 to determine the 5 % quantile Ff,5%. Apply an additional partial
safety factor γR2 which shall be taken either as 1,25 or may be determined in accordance with EN 12811-3.
The value Ff,5%/ γR2 shall not be less than the specified value Ff,c from Table 8.
25
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
7.3 Pull-apart force Fp (RA)
7.3.1 Purpose of test
To determine the resistance of Fp of the coupler by separating into two parts.
7.3.2 Test arrangement
Provide equipment to apply a test load P to the solid bar at two points equidistant from the axis and not more
than 150 mm from it, see Figure 11.
Key
1, 2 bar RB
b ≤ 150 mm
Figure 11 — Test arrangement for pull apart force of a right angle coupler
7.3.3 Test procedure
Increase the test load P(i) displacement controlled with not more than 2 mm per minute until either:
a) coupler component fractures; or
b) test load P(i) reaches a value after which the load cannot be usefully increased.
Record the maximum test load P(i) and the nature of the failure.
7.3.4 Evaluation of test results
The pull apart resistance Fp(i) of each specimen is the maximum test load P(i). Analyse the results of Fp,(i)
statistically in accordance with EN 12811-3 to determine the 5% quantile Fp,5%. Apply an additional partial
safety factor γR2 which shall be taken either as 1,25 or may be determined in accordance with EN 12811-3.
The value Fp,5 %/ γR2 shall not be less than the specified value Fp,c from Table 8.
26
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
7.4 Stiffnesses and ultimate moments
7.4.1 Cruciform bendingstiffness cϕ1,MB and cϕ2,MB and bending moment MB (RA)
To determined the bending moment of resistance MB and the cruciform bending stiffness cϕ1,MB and cϕ2,MB of a
coupler.
Set the equipment up in accordance with Figure 12, with the length of the basic tube not exceeding 1 000 mm
plus the width of the coupler. Provide equipment to apply a test load P to one end of the transverse tube
parallel to the axis of the basic tube at the distance of 750 mm from the central axis.
Provide equipment on the side away from the test load P to measure the change in the angle ϕ between the
original and the displaced axes.
Key
1, 2 reference tube RTS1 – RTA;
a, b = 750 mm; d ≤ 500 mm
d ≤ 500 mm
Figure 12 — Test arrangement for the cruciform bending moment MB and cruciform bending stiffness
cϕ1,MB and cϕ2,MB of a right angle coupler
The test shall be carried out displacement controlled at not more than 2 cm per minute. First carry out three
cycles of loading in accordance with 7.2 of EN 12811-3:2002 with limiting values:
MB
± = 0,48 kNm
1,1 × 1,5
with MB = 0,8 kNm
27
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
For the secondstage, increase the test load P(i) (for steel tubes at least five tests in the positive and five tests
in the negative direction and for aluminium tubes 5 tests in the most unfavourable direction of steel tubes )
until either:
a) test load P(i) reaches a value after which the load cannot be usefully increased; or
b) coupler component fractures.
Plot the hysterisis curves and record the maximum test load P(i) and the nature of the failure.
7.4.1.4.1 Cruciform bending stiffness
The evaluation of stiffness shall be carried out based in principle on 10.10 of EN 12811-3:2002 as follows. For
each single test, the stiffness c1 and c2 for two areas shall be determined. See Figure 13.
c1 represents the stiffness as the straight line between
MB MB
+ = + 0,48 kNm and − = − 0,48 kNm
1,1 × 1,5 1,1 × 1,5
in accordance with Equation (1). The result of the third cycle shall be used to determine the values of ϕ+ and
1
ϕ1− .
MB
2×
1,1 × 1,5 0,97 (1)
c1 = = +
ϕ1+ − ϕ1− ϕ1 − ϕ1−
where
c2+ represents the stiffness between
MB
+ = + 0,48 kNm and + M B = + 0,8 kNm determined in accordance with Equation (2)
1,1 × 1,5
where
c2− represents the stiffness between
MB
− = − 0,48 kNm and − M B = − 0,8 kNm determined in accordance with Equation (3).
1,1 × 1,5
MB
MB −
1,1 × 1,5 0,315 (2)
c2+ = =
+
ϕ2 − ϕ + ϕ2 − ϕ +
+
1 1
28
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
MB
MB −
1,1 × 1,5 0,315 (3)
c2− = − =−
ϕ 2− − ϕ − ϕ 2− − ϕ −
1 1
In the next step, the average values c and c of all test results shall be determined in accordance with the
1 2
Equations (4) and (5).
1 1 n≥10 1 (4)
= ⋅ ∑
c1 n i =1 c1,i
 
1 1 n≥5 1 1 m≥5 1  (5)
= 0,5 ⋅  ⋅ ∑ + ⋅ ∑ 
c2  n i = 1 c+ m j = 1 c− 
 2, i 2, j 
Key
MB cruciform bending moment, see Table 8
c1, c2 cruciform bending stiffness of the coupler
Mult load bearing capacity of the coupler for bending moment
ϕ angle of rotation
NOTE This graph represents only the third hysteresis loop.
Figure 13 — Cruciform bending/stiffness curve of a right angle coupler
c1 and c2 shall not be less than the specified value cϕ1,MB,c respectively cϕ2,MB,c in Table 8.
29
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
7.4.1.4.2 Cruciform bending moment
Calculate from the maximum load P(i) the moments Mult(i). Analyse the results Mult(i) statistically in accordance
with EN 12811-3 to determine the 5 % quantile Mult,5%. Mult,5% shall not be less than 2*MB = 1,6 kNm, see
Table 8.
7.4.2 Rotational moment MT and the stiffness cϕ,MT (RA)
To determine the rotational moment resistance of MT and the stiffness cϕ,MT to a coupler slipping around a
tube.
Set the equipment up in accordance with Figure 14 with the transverse tube located centrally about the basic
tube. Hold the ends of the basic tube effectively to give a fixed end condition. Apply the test load P to the
coupler in the more unfavourable load direction, which shall be established in initial tests. Provide equipment
to measure the change in the angle ϕ, between unloaded and loaded positions of the transverse tube on the
side away from the test load P.
Apply an initial load P to cause a moment of 10 Nm to establish the zero for displacement measurements.
This initial load forms the zero for all displacement measurements and is part of the test load P.
30
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Key
a, b ≤ 750 mm
d ≤ 500 mm
Figure 14 — Test arrangements for rotational moment MT and stiffness cϕ,MT of a right angle coupler
The test load P(i) shall be increased uniformly at a rate not exceeding 0,3 kN per second until the coupler
begins to slip. Thereafter, a rate of slip of 2,0 cm per minute shall not be exceeded.
First carry out three cycles of loading in accordance with 7.2 of EN 12811-3:2002. Apply a load P to cause a
moment MT. On completion of the cyclic loading, the test shall be continued until there is a rotation of 2° in the
more unfavourable load direction.
Plot a hysterisis curve of measurements for MT and ϕ, see Figure 15. Record the lowest value of MT between
|1,0|° and |2,0|° for each specimen.
31
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
7.4.2.5.1 Rotational stiffness
For each single test the stiffness cϕ shall be determined. The value cϕ shall be evaluated as the straight line
between MT = + 0,130 kNm and MT = – 0,130 kNm in accordance with Equation (6). See Figure 15.
2 × 0,130 (6)
c =
ϕ ϕ+ − ϕ−
1 1
Values from the third cycle shall be used.
Figure 15 — Rotational moment/stiffness curve of a right angle coupler
c
The average value ϕ shall be determined in accordance with Equation (7).
1 1 n≥5 1 (7)
= ⋅ ∑
c n i =1 cϕ ,i
ϕ
where
cϕ
shall not be less than the specified value cϕ,MT,c given in Table 8.
7.4.2.5.2 Rotational moment resistance
The failure ultimate rotational moment resistance MT(i) of each single test shall be determined as the lowest
moment between |1,0|° and |2,0|°. Analyse the results of MT(i) statistically in accordance with EN 12811-3 to
determine the 5 % quantile MT,5%. This quantile MT,5% may not be less than the specified value MT,c given in
Table 8.
32
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
7.4.3 Bending moment resistance (SF)
To determine the ultimate bending moment resistance MB of a sleeve coupler.
7.4.3.2 Test arrangement
The test arrangement is shown in Figure 16, with the use of the particular spigot, if required by the
manufacturer, described in the product manual. The weakest bending axis of the coupler shall be positioned
on the opposite side of the tubes to the test load P. If in doubt as to the weakest axis initial tests should be
carried out. Such tests are not part of the main test. Put the supports 500 mm apart and put two points at
which the load P acts 125 mm apart, symmetrically to the centre point of the coupler. Provide equipment to
limit the rate of displacement to 2,0 mm per minute.
Apply an initial load of + 0,1 kN to establish the zero for displacement measurements. This initial load is part
of the test load.
Key
1,2 reference tube RTS3
b ≤ 500 mm
Figure 16 — Test arrangements for bending moment MB of a sleeve coupler
The test load P(i) shall be increased uniformly at a rate not exceeding 2,4 kN per minute and the rate of
displacements shall not exceed 2,0 mm per minute for ∆4.
Load displacement curves P(i) = f(∆4) shall be plotted until either:
a) displacement ∆4 reaches a value of 5,0 mm; or
b) test load P(i) reaches a value for the moment which is twice the specified value (see Table 8); or
c) test load P(i) reaches a maximum after which it cannot usefully increased.
33
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
The plotted load displacement curves shall include at least one displacement measuring point for every
1,0 kN increase in test load P.
Record the maximum test load P(i) and the nature of the failure.
Calculate from the maximum test loads P(i) the matching moments MB(i). Analyse the results statistically in
accordance with EN 12811-3 to determine the 5 % quantile MB,5%. This quantile may not be less than the
specified value MB,c given in Table 8.
7.5 Indentation (RA,SW,PA)
7.5.1 Purpose of test
To determine the local plastic deformation of tubes caused by forces transmitted by a coupler.
7.5.2 Test arrangement
The test arrangement is shown in Figures 17, 18 and 19.
Key
1 reference tube RTS2
2 reference tube RTS1
b ≤ 250 mm
m ≤ 500 mm
Figure 17 — Test arrangement for indentation of a right angle coupler and a swivel coupler
34
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Key
1, 2 reference tube RTS2
b ≤ 1 000 mm
m ≤ 400 mm
Figure 18 — Test arrangement for indentation of a parallel coupler
Key
a, b, c, d measurement lines
s = width of coupler body
l ≥ 20 mm
Figure 19 — Test arrangement for indentation of a right angle coupler, a swivel coupler and a parallel
coupler
7.5.3 Test procedure
The coupler shall be subjected to the specified force Pind, given in Table 8 according to its class.
The coupler shall remain under the force Pind for at least 10 min.
On removal of the coupler from the tubes, the maximum indentation into the tubes caused by a combination of
tightening the coupler and the load Pind shall be measured.
The original profile recorded for displacements shall be plotted along at least in four lines round the cross
section of the tube before loading.
Each set of measurements shall be used to plot a profile similar to that shown in Figure 19. The largest value
in each case shall be recorded.
35
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
7.5.4 Evaluation of tests results
Express the maximum value of indentation ∆10 for each test. These values shall not be greater to these
values given in Table 8.
8 Designation
For each coupler type a designation shall be established following the model given in Table 10.
Table 10 — Symbols for designation of couplers conforming to this European Standard
Item Designation
Type of coupler RA, SW, SF, PA (see Table 1)
Class A, B, AA, BB (see Table 2)
Method of corrosion protection C1, C2, C3, according to 8.1 of EN 12811-2:2004
NOTE see 7.1 for comment about electrolytical corrosion protection.
Type of ongoing production inspection L or M (see Annex B) or X (not in accordance with Annex B)
EXAMPLE
EN 74-1 RA BB C2 M
The example shown represents the designation of a class BB hot dip galvanized (C2) EN 74-1 right angle
coupler made in a factory with type M ongoing production inspection.
9 Marking
Each coupler shall be marked by impressing or embossing on the flap or the body of the coupler and shall be
legible after the protective coating has been applied. The height of the characters shall be at least 4,0 mm and
their depth shall be at least 0,2 mm.
Couplers shall be marked in one or two lines with the following information, in the sequence given:
 reference to this document, EN 74-1:
 registered trademark of the manufacturer;
 year of manufacture (last two digits only);
 coupler class;
 type of ongoing production inspection if provided (see Annex B).
EXAMPLE
EN 74 XX 05 BB M
36
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
This example represents a class BB supplementary coupler made in a factory produced by “XX” during 2005
with type M on going production inspection.
10 Test report
The test report shall be in accordance with EN 12811-3.
11 Evaluation of test results

The evaluation of test results shall be carried out in accordance with EN 12811-3 unless specified differently in
this European Standard.
12 Assessment
The assessment shall be carried out by a person or organization different from the original designing person
or organization.
When it has been shown that all evaluated values and other features conform to those specified in this
European Standard, a statement shall be made to that effect.
NOTE Requirements for assessment vary between countries.
13 Product manual
The manufacturer of a coupler shall produce a set of instructions forming the product manual.
This manual shall comprise at least the following:
a) description and a drawing from which the coupler can be identified;
b) type and class of each coupler;
c) identity of the assessor and the copy of the statement of the assessment, see Clause 12;
d) instructions for using and fixing the coupler, for example:
 1) use with 48,3 mm diameter tubes and the specification of each tube type to which it is permissible to fix
a coupler;
 2) for screw couplers, the tightening torque of 50 Nm;
for wedge couplers the weight of the hammer (500 g) to be used for tightening until the jarring blow;
 3) statement that right angle couplers AA and BB shall be used with an identical model;
 4) statement that where required by the manufacturer a sleeve coupler shall be used with a specified
spigot pin;
e) statement about the corrosion protection of the screw nut connection and about maintenance with
reference to lubrication;
f) statement that damaged couplers shall not be used.
37
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Annex A
(normative)
Whitworth thread size 1/2 X 12 Tpi
A.1 Nominal values
NUT
BOLT
Key
d=D = 12,7 mm
dn = Dn = 9,988 mm
dm = Dm = 11,344 mm
p = 2,117 mm
F=ƒ = 1,356 mm
r = 0,29 mm
z = 12 (Number of threads per inch)
Figure A.1 — Nominal values
38
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
A.2 Tolerances and limiting dimensions after coating

BOLT
Position h Position g, e
NUT
Position H Position G
Key
— Bolt (Class 6g)
dnom = 12,7 mm d2nom = 11,344 mm d3nom = 9,988 mm
dmax = 12,661 mm d2max = 11,305 mm d3max = 10,025 mm
dmin = 12,368 mm d2min = 11,1427 mm d3min = 9,634 mm
— Nut (Class 6H)

Dnom = 12,7 mm D2nom = 11,344 mm D1nom = 9,988 mm
Dmax = free D2max = 11,559 mm D1max = 10,38 mm
Dmin = 12,7 mm D2min = 11,344 mm D1min = 9,988 mm
Figure A.2 — Tolerances and limiting dimensions after coating
39
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Annex B
(informative)
Ongoing production control
B.1 Manufacture of couplers should be controlled by one of the following inspection methods:
 Inspection level L
The production quality control is carried out only by a manufacturer approved to either EN ISO 9001 or
another appropriate document.
 Inspection level M
The production quality control is carried out by the manufacturer itself and is supervised by an
independent certification system.
B.2 The internal production quality control should be carried out in accordance with the requirements given
in Table B.1. Couplers shall be checked visually and their functioning (e.g. working of the moving parts)
should be checked. In addition tests in accordance with Table B.2 should be carried out.
In the event of any coupler failing to pass any of the tests specified in Table B.2, the manufacturer should
investigate the reason(s) for the failure and implement a solution.
B.3 The third party control should normally be carried out twice a year. Generally the following checks
should be made:
a) random inspection of the results of the internal production quality control;
b) random check on material properties;
c) random check on dimensions and tolerances;
d) random check on corrosion protection;
e) testing coupler resistance in accordance with Table B.2.
Table B.1 — Control of materials and components by the manufacturers
Element Item Property to If supplied to the coupler manufacturer If produced by the coupler
be checked manufacturer
Per batch Additional check Frequency
Each coupler component Quality of material Certificate Random checks on

such as .the flap, body, receipt of material
nut or rivet EN 10204 3.1.B (certificate --
of compliance with the order)
Dimensions, Certificate Random checks on Minimum 1 ‰ of each coupler

tolerances, weight receipt of material type, but not less than 3
EN 10204 3.1.B (certificate coupler components per day
of compliance with the order)
40
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Table B.2 — Tests to be carried out

Coupler type Characteristic to be In accordance Refer- Frequency of inspection
checked with clause ence
tube Internal control Third
party control
RA Slipping force 8.2.1 RTS1 1 per every 5 per inspection

Failure force 8.2.2 RB 50.000 couplers
(minimum 1 per week)
SW Slipping force RTS1 1 per every 5 per inspection

Failure force BRB 50.000 couplers
(minimum 1 per week)
PA Slipping force RTS1 1 per production run 2 per inspection

Failure force RB
SF Slipping force RTS1 1 per production run 2 per inspection
NOTE See Table 6 for details of reference tubes and bar.
41
EN 74-1:2005 (E)
Bibliography
[1] EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
[2] EN 12810-1, Façade scaffolds made of prefabricated components — Part 1: Products specifications
[3] EN ISO 9001:2000, Quality management systems — Requirements (ISO 9001:2000)
[4] ISO 965, ISO general purpose metric screw threads — Tolerance
[5] ISO 2859, Sampling procedures for inspection by attribute
42
blank
BS EN
74-1:2005
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BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

Couplers, spigot pins

The European Standard EN 74-1:2005 has the status of a

This British Standard is the official English language version of

— aid enquirers to understand the text;

— present to the responsible international/European committee any

A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on

This British Standard was Amendments issued since publication

ISBN 0 580 49096 3

ICS 91.220 Supersedes EN 74:1988

Couplers, spigot pins and baseplates for use in falsework and

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 August 2005.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

This European Standard is not mandated at the time of publication.

This first part, EN 74-1, covers common types of friction couplers.

 recommendations for ongoing production control.

EN 12811-1:2003, Temporary works equipment — Part 1: Scaffolds — Performance requirements and

EN 12811-2:2004, Temporary works equipment — Part 2: Information on materials

EN 12811-3:2002, Temporary works equipment — Part 3: Load testing

EN 12812, Falsework — Performance requirements and general design

3 Terms, definitions and symbols

3.1 Terms and definitions

3.2 Symbols and abbreviations

 Fs slipping force in kN;

 Ff failure force in kN;

 Fp pull apart force in kN;

 MB bending or cruciform bending moment in kNm;

 cϕ(i),MB cruciform bending stiffness in kNm/rad;

 MT rotational moment in kNm;

 cϕ,MT rotational stiffness in kNm/rad;

 Fs,c specified value for slipping force in kN;

 Ff,c specified value for failure force in kN;

 Fp,c specified value for pull apart force in kN;

 MB,c specified value for bending moment in kNm;

 cϕ(i),MB,c specified value for cruciform bending stiffness in kNm/rad;

 MT,c specified value for rotational moment in kNm;

 cϕ,MT,c specified value for rotational stiffness in kNm/rad;

 ∆i displacement in millimetres of a coupler under load relative to a tube or solid bar;

 ∆10 indentation in millimetres;

 P test load in kN;

 Pind test load for indentation in kN;

 ϕ specified angle of rotation of a coupler in degrees;

 Pf,ult load bearing capacity of a coupler at failure;

 Pp,ult load bearing capacity of a coupler for pull apart;

 Mult capacity of a coupler of cruciform bending ultimate moment;

 ReH yield strength;

 Rp,0.2 proof stress at elongation of 0.2 %;

4 Types and classes of couplers

4.1 Types of couplers

The types of couplers are listed in Table 1.

Table 1 — Types of couplers

Type of coupler Identification Arrangement of tubes

Right angle coupler RA Crossing at a right angle

Swivel coupler SW Crossing at any angle

Parallel coupler PA Parallel

Sleeve coupler SF End to end coaxially

4.2 Classes of couplers

The classes for each type of coupler are given in Table 2.

Table 2 — Classes of couplers

Type of coupler Class

Right angle coupler ■ ■ ■ ■

Swivel coupler ■ ■ ----- -----