HUMANITIES  Interaction

INTRODUCTION TO ARTS 3. Psychological Functions

Humanities – “humanus” – to be truly human
To be truly human – to be culturally enhanced
Culture – general way of life of human society
- “cultus colere” – to cultivate
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
HUMANITIES
 Medieval – man’s cultivation of his
spirituality
 Renaissance – set of disciplines being
taught in universities
 Modern – equal to arts
ART DERIVATION
 Aryan: “AR” – join or put together
 Greek: Artizein – to prepare ; Arkiskein –
to put together
 Latin: “ars, artis” – artificially made or
composed by man
TWO KINDS OF MAN’S ACTIONS
 Actions to be done – man’s ultimate destiny
and moral obligation
 Actions to be made – man’s practical needs
Art – subjective expression of man’s thought and
feelings
Art is for appreciation; Craft is for utilization
Combination: Functional Art
 Relaxation
 Inspiration
 Gratification
PURPOSES OF THE ARTS
1. Arts have moral, educational, social,
cultural, and religious purposes
2. Art for art’s sake
OF 3. Moments of relaxation
4. Imagination is satisfied
5. Arts as outlet of our slumbering passion
6. Powerful means to reform man
DIVISION OF ARTS
1. With respect to purpose:
a. Practical – produce artifacts and utensils
b. Liberal – intellectual efforts
c. Fine- produces to human creativity in so
far
d.Major- actual and potential expressiveness
e. Minor- connected with practical uses and
purposes
2. With respect to media and form:
a. Plastic- perceived by sense of sight
b. Phonetic- based on sounds and words
c. Kinetic-rhythmic movement
d. Pure-take only one medium
e. Mixed-two or more media
CLASSIFICATION OF ARTS
1. Space arts – visual arts
2 dimension – only one angle
3 dimension – several angles
2. Time arts – auditory arts

FUNCTIONS OF ARTS GROUPING THE ARTS

1. Physical Functions 1. Spatial(Visual)-can be perceived by sense of

sight and projected into 3d graphic forms
 Historical 2. Literary(Literature)- “litterae”-letters
 Instructional 3. Performing-uses the human body, face and
 Representational presence as media
 Utility 4. Decorative-creation of ornamental and
functional works
2. Social Functions 5. Popular-popular culture

 Influential Media
 HIERARCHY OF ARTS 1. Sublime-astonishment and awe
2. Nice-sympathy,love,benevolence..
1. Immanuel Kant- Music is the lowest 3. Comic-it makes us laugh
2. Schopenhauer- Music is the greatest
3. Hegel-Poetry has the best qualities Criticism-method of verifying or testing artistic
4. Gottfried Leibnitz- Fusion of music and works
poetry
OBJECTIVITY OF ARTS
WHAT AN ART IS ACCORDING TO…
1. Through critical study of properties of beauty
Plato - Art imitates nature. Art imitates life.
a. Order
Aristotle – Art imitates men and nature in action b. Proportion
c. Clarity
Oscar Wilde – It is life that imitates art d. Unity
e. Balance
Henri-Louis Bergson – art is not imitation; art is
f. Dominance
made from intuition
2. Through general consensus of experts
G.E Moore – Art is both imitation and intuition
3. TIME
Sigmund Freud – Art is a wish-fulfillment
4. Get rid of prejudices and personal sentiments
Jose Ortega Y Gasset - Art is a form of escape
Leo Tolstoy – Art is communication  Subject- object matter
 Medium – materials and equipment
Benedetto Croce – Art is merely an expression  Technique – manner which artist utilizes his
regardless if it is understood or not medium
Albert Camus – Art is rebellion ART SUBJECTS
John Dewey – Art is not limited in the gallery or 1. Representational-has definite subject
museum 2. Non-representational-no definite subject
Dante Leoncini – When man beautifies himself, he SOURCES OF ART SUBJECTS
becomes a human art
1. Mythology
Margarette Macdonalds – Art is esoteric 2. Heroes and Patriots
3. Religion
WHERE DOES BEAUTY LIE? 4. Nature
5. Rural and Urban ecology
Beauty is out there; it is objective.
It resides in the perceiver.
It depends on the appropriate situational
perspective
WHY CERTAIN THINGS ARE UGLY?
1. It loses significance to us
2. Dangerous
3. Certain conditions like poverty and disease
CATEGORIES OF BEAUTIFUL
 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
Principles – the objects to be arranged
(HMCBPRE)
a. Harmony – essential to beauty. There is
harmony if various parts will give
appearance of belonging together. There
must be UNITY.
To relieve monotony, there must be variety
– achieved by diversity of materials
b. Movement-suggestion of motion
c. Contrast-placing or arranging very
different things next to each other
d. Balance – equilibrium.
- gives a feeling of stability and rest
 Symmetrical-formal balance.
Making both sides exactly alike
 Asymmetrical-informal/occult
balance.
Large-sa gitna
 Radial-positioned around a central
point
e. Proportion – comparison of size of diff
parts of an object
- parts relate to each other
f. Rhythm/pattern-timed movement
through space
-organized beat, movement or repetition
g. Emphasis-catches our attention while the
rest are subordinate
ELEMETS OF VISUAL ARTS (LCTSPSVV)
1. Line-distance bet. 2 points. Define edges of
shapes and forms
 Horizontal-calmness and peace
 Vertical-action, dignity
 Diagonal-suggest movement
 Zigzag-suggest chaos, conflict,
violence
 Curved-flexibility
Classification of Lines
 Repetition-drawn within a corner following
lines of the corner
 Contrasting-opposition to each other
 Transitional-modify sharpness
2. Color-property of light
-most aesthetic appeal
Dimensions of a color:
 Hue-gives color its name
 Value-lightness or darkness of color
“chiaroscuro"
 Intensity-brightness or darkness of a color
Warm-associated with fire and sun. seems to come
towards you
Cool-associated with water and sky. Seems to go
back
COLOR HARMONIES
 Complementary-opposite
 Monochromatic-one mode or one hue
 Analogous-two or more nearby colors
PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS
 Black-despair,gloom,death
 Blue-tranquility,calmness,peace
 Red-fire,blood,danger,festivity
 Gray-weight,solidity,neutrality
 Violet-shadows,mourning,royalty
 Green-growth,freshness,hope
 White-simplicity,clarity,purity
 Orange-deliciousness,sweetness
 Yellow-life,joy,sunshine,cheerfulness
 Pink-sympathy,gratitude
3. Texture-deals with our sense of touch
4. Shape or form-over-all design of a work of art
5. Perspective-effect of distance upon the
appearance of objects
KINDS OF PERSPECTIVEu lol 11
 Linear-representation of distance by
converging lines
 Aerial-by gradations of tone color
6. Space-distance of are
between,around,above,below or w/in shapes
7. Volume/Mass-solidity or thickness
3dimensional
8. Value
 -painting medium in the form of a stick

MEDIUMS OF VISUAL ARTS g. Hot Wax-using heated beeswax

Medium-stuff or material out of which the work of SCULPTURE- 3d artwork created by shaping or
art is formed. combining hard materials
Painting-art of creating meaningful effects on flat 2 processes:
surface by use of pigments
 Subtractive-unwanted material is
Pigment-changes the color of reflected light cut away
 Additive-putting together bits of
-used for coloring paint clay/welding together parts of
PAINTING MEDIA FTPAWOH metal

a. Fresco-colors are mixed with water and Types of sculpture

applied to fresh plaster
 Relief- attached to the ground
 Means fresh in Italian
 Free standing-can be seen from all sides
 2 kinds:
 Boun fresco(true fresco)-paint is SBWIT
applied to fresh plaster
 Fresco secco(dry)-paint applied to 1. Stone(Marble)- durable, resistant to fire
dry plaster Heavy and breaks easily
b. Tempera-mixture of ground pigments 2. Bronze-rich color and smooth texture
and a colloidal vehicle Tendency to crack when cooled
 Usually done in wooden panel 3. Wood-cheap,readily available
 Colors are mixed with egg yolk Limited in size and burns easily, decay
4. Ivory-like wood, it also cracks
 Favorite medium of Medieval and
Very expensive
Renaissance
5. Terra Cotta-yields to even slightest pressure
 Simone Martine; Annunciation
can be worked and re-worked
c. Oil-Hubert and Jan van Eych
Needs to be cooked with fire
 Advantage: remains moist for long
time ARCHITECTURE – art of designing and
 Van Gogh; El Greco, Rembrandt constructing a building
 Carlos “Botong” Francisco
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
2 Methods of painting in Oil
1. Post and Lintel-two vertical posts and a
Direct horizontal one
2. Arch-built from solid materials called
Indirect “voussoirs”
3. Cantilever-structural part projecting
d. Acrylics-synthetic paints using acrylic
emulsion horizontally and anchored at one end only
 Advantages: quick drying
Durability
Adaptability
Can be cleaned by water
e. Water color-pigments are mixed with
water and applied to fine white paper
 Transparent and opaque
f. Pastel-possesses only surfaces of light