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For more information on Biology see the ENVIRONMENTAL Organismal Growth in Batch Culture
ENGINEERING section.
106
CELLULAR BIOLOGY
♦
PERIPLASMIC STATIONARY
SPACE PHASE
BACTERIAL NUMBERS
3µm
OUTER
MEMBRANE
105 DEATH
PHASE
1µm
LOG GROWTH PHASE
SEX PILUS
104
LAG
RIBOSOMES
PHASE ACCELERATED GROWTH
FLAGELLA PEPTIDOGLYCAN
CYTOPLASMIC PHASE
CHROMOSOME
INNER OR CYTOPLASMIC 103
COMMON PILUS MEMBRANE 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
TIME (h)
♦ Shuler, Michael L., & Fikret Kargi, Bioprocess Engineering Basic Concepts, Prentice Hall PTR, New
Jersey, 1992.
• Stanier, Roger; Adelberg, Edward A; Wheelis, Mark L; Decastells; Painter, Page R; Ingraham, John
L; The Microbial World, 5th ed., 1986. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper
Saddle River, NJ.
Davis, M.L., Principles of Environmental Engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2004. Used with
permission.
74
BIOLOGY (continued)
Pelczar, M.J., R.D. Reid, and E.C.S. Chan, Microbiology. McGraw-Hill, 1977.
75
BIOLOGY (continued)
B. Atkinson and F. Mavitona, Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Handbook, Macmillan, Inc.,
1983. Used with permission of Nature Publishing Group (www.nature.com).
76
BIOLOGY (continued)
pK a − pH = log10
⎡ nonioinized form ⎤ = log HA
⎣⎢ ionized form ⎦⎥
10
A
Base
+
pK a − pH = log10
⎡ ionized form ⎤ = log HB
⎣⎢ nonionized form ⎦⎥
10
B
77