Student Name:

Student Number:
GE 213.3 - Mechanics of Materials
FINAL EXAMINATION Quest. 1:_____
April 18, 2005
Professor: B. Sparling Quest. 2:_____
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Quest. 3:_____
Notes: • Closed book examination; Calculators may be used
• The value of each question is provided along the left margin Quest. 4:_____
• Supplemental material is provided at the end of the exam (formulas) Quest. 5:_____
• Show all your work, including all formulas, calculations and units
• Write your work in the space provided on the examination sheet. Quest. 6:_____
(The backs of the examination sheets may also be used if required)
MARKS
18 QUESTION 1: A polyethylene cylinder is attached to perfectly rigid end plates on its top
and bottom ends, both of which are free to move. A solid steel rod is attached to the bottom
end plate but extends through a hole in the top plate and is securely fastened to a rigid nut.
At the initial conditions depicted in the sketch below, there is a 0.25 mm gap between the
underside of the nut and the top of the top end plate. If the temperature of the assembly is
increased by 80° C, determine the following (assume that the dimensions of the end plates do
not change with temperature):
a) The resulting axial force in the steel rod; and Top View
b) The final length of the polyethylene cylinder.
A A

Solid Steel Rod:

Rigid Nut 10 dia.
E = 200,000 MPa
α = 12x10 / °C
-6
0.25 mm
Gap

Polyethylene
225
200

Cylinder:
175 outside dia.
170 inside dia.
E = 1250 MPa
α = 100x10-6 / °C Section A-A Rigid Plate
(Top & Bottom)

Mechanics of Materials Page 1 of 7

GE 213.3 Final Examination Student Name:

15 QUESTION 2: Sketch the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown below.
Include sufficient numerical values to adequately define the diagrams, showing all required
calculations.

10 kN
40 kN/m
15 kN/m
B
A F
C D
3.0 m 4.0 m E
2.5 m 8.0 m 3.0 m

Shear
Diagram

Moment
Diagram

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GE 213.3 Final Examination Student Name:

18 QUESTION 3: Symmetric horizontal stiffeners (75 mm wide x 10 mm high) are connected

to both sides of the vertical web of an I-beam (W360x45) using continuous, full-depth welds.
If the beam is supported and loaded as shown below, determine the following:
a) The internal bending moment and vertical shear force at Section a-a;
b) The maximum tensile normal stress at Section a-a; and
c) The average shear stress in the welds connecting the stiffeners to the web at Section a-a.

Stiffener
25 kN
10 a 5 kN/m
Weld 3.5 m

75 B
352

z z A C

250
a

5.0 m 4.0 m

W360x45:
A = 5730 mm2
6 4
I z = 122x10 mm

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GE 213.3 Final Examination Student Name:

16 QUESTION 4: The stress state at a point on the free surface of a body is defined as shown
below. Using Mohr’s Circle method, determine the magnitude and direction of the following
stresses, illustrating the orientation of the stresses on an appropriate sketch:
a) The principal normal stresses; and
b) The normal and shearing stresses on a horizontal plane.
Note: The stress transformation equations, rather than Mohr’s circle, can be used; however,
there will be a 5 mark penalty assigned for using this method.

M Pa
0 a
1 MP
12
M Pa
20

30°

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GE 213.3 Final Examination Student Name:

16 QUESTION 5: The “L-shaped” tine of a forklift is attached to the body of the forklift by a
pinned connection at Point A and a roller connection at Point B. For the loading shown
below, determine the normal stress acting at Point C (located on the right face of the tine,
600 mm below Point A).

Section a-a
A

(into page)
C

75

600
25

900
Tine C
25 a a
1.5 kN/m

200
B

1000
1200

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GE 213.3 Final Examination Student Name:

QUESTION 6: Provide brief answers to the following questions – answers in point form are
acceptable. Diagrams should be used to supplement your responses where appropriate.
6 a) On the figure below, graphically define the angle of twist, φ , and the torsional shearing
strain, γ . Also, demonstrate the relationship between φ and γ .

T
ρ

6 b) Describe the role that horizontal shear stress performs within a beam subjected to transverse
loading that produces internal shear forces and bending moments. Also, describe
qualitatively (i.e. without the use of equations) the physical mechanisms by which these
horizontal shear stresses arise.

5 c) Using the assembly shown below as an example, explain in conceptual terms what the
critical buckling load is and how it could be related to the physical properties of the system
(no equations are required).
P
k

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GE 213.3 Final Examination Student Name:

P P
• Normal Stress: σ avg =
A
P= ∫ σ dA
A
y Bearing Stress: σb =
td
V V
• Direct Shear: τ avg = (Single) or τ avg = (Double) y Hooke’s Law: σ =Eε
A 2A
P σ σ PD
• Allowable Stress: F .S . = U or F .S . = U ; σ all = U Pall = σ all A Areq =
PD σD F .S . σ all
P cos θ P P sin θ P
• Stresses on Oblique Planes: σθ = = cos 2 θ ; τθ = = sin θ cos θ
Ao cos θ Ao Ao cos θ Ao
δ L*− L
• Average Normal Strain: ε= = y Poisson’s Ratio: ε y = ε z = −ν ε x
Lo L
P(x )
L
P Lo P L
• Axial Deformations: δ= ; δ tot =∑ i i ; δ =∫ dx
Ao E i Ai E i 0
A(x ) E ( x )
σx σy σz σx σy σz σx σy σz
• General Hooke’s Law: ε x = −ν −ν ; ε y = −ν + −ν ; ε z = −ν −ν +
E E E E E E E E E
π τ xy τ yz τ zx E
• Shearing Strain & Stress: θ * = − γ xy ; γ xy = ; γ yz = ; γ zx = ; G=
2 G G G 2 (1 + ν )
δT
• Thermal Deformations: δ T = α (ΔT ) Lo ; ε T = y Resultant Torque: T = ∫ ρ τ dA
Lo A

ρφ cφ ⎛ρ⎞
• Torsional Strains: γ = ; γ max = ; γ = ⎜ ⎟ γ max
L L ⎝c⎠
⎛ρ⎞ Tc T ρ π
• Torsional Stresses: τ = ⎜ ⎟ τ max τ max = τ= J = ∫ ρ 2 dA = c4
⎝c⎠ J J A
2
T L
• Torsional Angle of Twist: φ= y Torsion - Gear Compatibility: φ1 ρ1 = − φ 2 ρ 2
JG
y y
• Pure Bending - Normal Strain: εx = − ε max = c ρ εx = − εm
ρ c

σ x (y) = −
y M y M c
• Pure Bending - Normal Stress: σx = − σm σ max =
c I I
• Section Properties: I = ∫y
2
dA ; I = ∑ (I i + Ai d i2 ) ; Centroid: ∫ y dA = 0 ; y A = ∑ y i Ai
A i A i

Mz y My z I
• Biaxial Bending: σx = − + ; tan φ = z tan θ ; M z = M cosθ ; M y = M sin θ
Iz Iy Iy
P M y
• Eccentric Axial Loading: σ x = − ; y Shear Flow: q = V Q I
A I
VQ
• Flexural Shear Stress: τ ave = ; Q = ∫ y dA = A y y Discrete Fasteners: FN = q × s
It A

σx +σy σx −σy
• Plane Stress Transformations: σ x′ = + cos(2θ ) + τ xy sin (2θ )
2 2
σx +σy σx −σy σx −σy
σ y′ = − cos(2θ ) − τ xy sin (2θ ) ; τ x′y′ = − sin (2θ ) + τ xy cos(2θ )
2 2 2
σx +σy ⎛σ x − σ y
2
⎞ τ xy
• Principal Normal Stress: σ p1, p 2 = ± ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + τ xy2 ; tan (2θ p ) =
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ (σ x − σ y ) 2

• Maximum Shear Stress: τ max

⎛ σ x −σ y ⎞
= ⎜⎜
2
σ +σ y
⎟⎟ + τ xy2 ; σ avg = x
(σ − σ y ) 2
; tan (2θ s ) = − x
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 τ xy

σx +σy ⎛σx −σ y ⎞
2

• Mohr’s Circle: σ avg = ; R= ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + τ xy2 ; σ p1, p 2 = σ avg ± R ; τ max = R

2 ⎝ 2 ⎠

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