äðg,a f,dalh

úÿ weig yiq fkdjQ úYajfha ieÕjqKq wNsryia ;%m

s sglh weiqßka ''''''''''''''
^ miq .sh ,smsfmf,a yhjk ,smsh &
j,iauq,af,a wNh ysñ
wms .sh i.rdfõ wjidk ,smsfha fmdfrdkaÿ fjÉp l;dfjka álla Tíng .sys,a,d äðg,a
f,dalh .ek ,shkak ys;=kd ' wo kQ;k f,dalh äðg,a u; iïmQ¾Kfhkau jf.a rod mj;skjd '
wfma fud,fhka lrmq lshmq fndfyda foaj,a oeka wmsg hka;% iQ;% u.ska lr.kak ms<sjka '
mß>Klh wfma Ôú;fha fldgila fj,d bjrhs ' fuÉpr ÿrg f,dalfha ;shk rgdj f;areï
wrka ta wdldrhg lghq;= lrkak mß>Kl wdY%s; foaj,a j,g ms<sjka Wfka fldfyduo lsh,d wms
fydh,d n,uq '
wms myq.sh l,dm j,ska l;d lrmq ldrKd álla b;du fláfhka u;la lrf.k bÈßhg
huq ' Tng u;l kï wfma fÉ;kd wkqj msgjk úoHq;apqïnl ;rx. .ek wms l;d lrd ' fï
;rx. wfma weyeg fmak wdldrhlg n,d .kak ms<sjka “auracam” lshk WmlrKh ms<sn|j;a
wms úia;r lrd u;l we;s ' ta wkqidrfhka ;uhs wfma l;dj È.gu lrf.k wdfõ' wms
uq,skau l;d lf¾ fï l¾uhla lshkafka l=ulao lshk l;djhs ' l¾uh lshkafka Yla;hs la '
fláfhkau lshkjkï kQ;k úoHdfõ Yla;sh uksk tallh jk cQ,a j,ska ukskak mq¨jka
Yla;shla ;uhs fï l¾uh lshkafka ' Bg miafi wms l;dlf¾ fï mod¾: ks¾udKh Wfka
fldfyduo lshk ldrKh ' wms Tmamqlrd mod¾:hka ks¾udKh jkafka ukiska nj ' ta jf.au
Tmamq lrd fï mod¾:hka f.ka ks¾udKh Wk f,dalfha mod¾:hkaf.a .=K ;shknj ' Tng
u;lkï ysf;a ;shk 108 wldrhg ilia Wka f,dalfha 108 wdldr .=K .ek wms l;d lrd ' wms
.sh i;sfha wka;u s g l;dlf,a fï ukiska ks¾udKh lrmq f,dalh ljqo úkdY lrkafka lsh,d
' ta ldrKdfõ§ wms Tmamqlrd ukiska ksmojmq f,dalh ukiskau úkdY lrK nj '
b;ska fufyu l;dlrf.k weú,a,d wms Tkak wo k;r Wkd äðg,a f,dalh;a tlal '
wms biafi,a,du fï äðg,a f,dalfha ;shk foaj,a .ek wmsg f;afrk úÈyg fmdâvla
l;d lrf.k buq ' wo wms Ndú;hg .kak fndfydafoaj,a ks¾udKh fj,d ;sfhkafka mß>Klh
wdY%h lrf.khs ' fï mß>Klh lshkafka iÔù fohla fkfjhs ' ta Wkdg wfma ukiska
fjfyi,d lr.kak ´k foaj,a ta u.ska lr.kak mq¨jka ' wms okak ir<u WmlrKhla ;uhs
fï “ calculator “ tl ' wms fldÉpr kï .kka yo, we;so ' lsisu lrorhla we;sj wmsg ksjerÈj
wfma jefâ lr.kak ms<sjka ' ish¨u bf,lafg%dksl WmlrK l%shd;aul fjkafka tl uQ,
O¾uhla mokï lrf.khs '
fï l;d wiafi ug u;la fjkjd biair ldf, lshjmq fmd;l ;sín ldrKdjla '
ta fmd; ,sh,d ;sífn ta,shka is,ajd uy;dhs ' t;=ud bx.%Sis NdYdfõ ;shk fndfyduhla jpk
j,g isxy, wre;a §,d ;shkjd ' ta w;r mß>Klhg t;=ud úia;r lf¾ msßlsksh lsh,dhs ' ta
lshkafk .‚;fhka mßmQ¾K jQ lshk tlhs ' wms wo mß>klh lshk jpkh ks¾udKh Wfka
ta jpkh wdY%s;jhs ' t;=ud ÿka jpkh mß>Klfha w¾:h yßhgu lshfjkjd '
ta ú;rla fkfjhs Tn okakjd kQ;k f,dalh ks;r l;dlrk ud;Dldjla ;uhs fï lD;su ukila
ks¾udKh lsÍu' ^ Artificial intelligent & ' hï ;dla ÿrg fï lghq;= lrf.k wdj;a
úoHdj ysr fjÉp ;ekla ;uhs fïl ' tlsfkldg fjkia leu;a; " fláfhkau lsõfjd;a rd.fhka
" oafõYfhka iy fudayfhka ne£u tl tl mqo.,hg fjkia ' ta lshkafk máÉp kdkd;ajh lsh,
lshkak mq¨jka ' fï foh lsisu Èkl mß>Klhg ks¾udKh lrkak neß fõú ' wms fï .ek
bÈßfha§ fj,d ;shk úÈyg l;d lruq '
ta ú;rla fkfjhs ' wms Ndú;lrKa fndfyda WmlrK ;ukag ;shk ld¾hh yßhg wÿrf.k tal
wvq mdvq ke;sj lrKjd ' wms fydogu okakjd fï WmlrK foúhka ujmq foaj,a fkdjk nj '
fï ish¨ WmlrK fld;rï ixlS¾K Wk;a tajd ñksidf.a ks¾udKhka ' ish,a,u i¾jn,OdÍ
foúhkaf.a ks¾udKhka lshk whg mjd fï ldrKdfõ§ ksyv fjkak fjkjd ' wms oeka n,uq
fï ish¨ WmlrK l%shd;aul jk uQ,sl moku fudloao lsh, '
The bit is a basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. A bit can have
only one of two values, and may therefore be physically implemented with a two-state device.
These values are most commonly represented as either a 0 or 1. The term bit is a portmanteau
of binary digit. In information theory, the bit is equivalent to the unit shannon,[3] named after
Claude Shannon.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit
tfyukï jefâ meyeÈ,S " fï ish¨u WmlrK j,g f;afrk uQ,sl NdIdj yeÈ,d ;shk uQ,sl
tallh ;uhs fï —ìܘ lshkafka ' fï NdIdjg uQ,slj ;sfhkafka wl=re folhs ta lshkafka 1 yd
0 jhs ' wms oeka n,uq fï 1 iy 0 fldfyduo yeÈ,d ;sfhkafka lsh,d '

The two values can also be interpreted as logical values (true/false, yes/no), algebraic signs (+/−),
activation states (on/off), or any other two-valued attribute. The correspondence between these
values and the physical states of the underlying storage or device is a matter of convention, and
different assignments may be used even within the same device or program. The length of a
binary number may be referred to as its bit-length.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit
b;ska fï ;shk 1 iy 0 lshk w.hka fol .ksoa§ fldfyduo f;dard.kafka lsh, by,ska úia;r
lr,d ;shkjd '

1 0

හරි වැරදි

කැමති අකමැති

තියනවා නෑ

ඇරලා වහලා

පත්තුවවලා නිවිලා
 fï j.=j oelaldu f;afrkjd tlsfklg iïmQ¾Kfhkau fjkia woyia folla fï
wdldrhg 1 iy 0 u.ska ksrEmKh fjkjd ' fï úÈyg ksrEmkh jk woyi .ek ;SrKh lsÍug
;d¾lsl yelshdjla ;shk WmlrK mdúÉÑ lrKjd ' tajdg “Logic gate” lsh,d yÿkajkjd '

wms WodyrKhla f,i .;af;d;a “ AND” lsh, yÿkajkq ,nk ;d¾lsl fodrgqj u.ska
hïlsis woyia folla .;af;d;a ta woyia folu ;sfhkak ´k lsh, lshk ldrKh ksrEmKh
fjkjd ' 1 lshkafka ;shkjd kï A iy B lshk folu 1 wjia:djg wdfjd;a ú;rhs ms<s;=r 1
fjkafka ' wks;a yeu fjf,au W;a;rh 0 '
fï wdldrhg úúOdldr ;d¾lsl l%u ks¾udKh lr,d ;shkjd' AND, OR , NOT , NAND , NOR ..
jf.a úúOdldr ;d¾lsl l%u ' fï ish¨ ;d¾lsl l%u kQ;k bf,lafg%dksl úoHdj u.ska
f.dvk.,d ;shkjd ' fïjd ;uhs Ñma lsh,d yÿkajkafka ' my, rEmfha ;sfhk Ñma tfla
;shkjd NAND lshk ;d¾lsl fodrgq y;rla '
fufyu yod.;a; bf,lafg%dksla mßm: j,ska jefâ lr.kak 0 iy 1 fhdodf.k lrk
igyka ;uhs computer programming language lsh, lshkafka '
uu ys;kjd fï ldrKh yeu flkdgu meyeÈ,s we;sh lsh,d '
fï l;d lrmq foaj,a f;areï .kakg wudre ldrKd fkdfjhs ' wo ldf, idudkH fm<
lrk ,ufhla Wk;a fï ldrKd okakjd '

fï .ek wka;¾cd,hg .shdkï ´k ;rï lreKq ;shkjd '

tfykï fï ldrKdfõ fláfhka meyeÈ,s lr.;af;d;a fï 1 lshk ldrKdj ;shkjd lsh,d
.;af;d;a 0 lshkafka 1 w.h ;shkjd lshd .;a foh ke;s nj f,i úia;r lrkak mq¨jka '
fï wxl fol ir<j fmkqkg f,dalfha ;shk ´ku wl=rla rgdjla fï u.ska fmkajkak mq¨ jka
' fldïmshqgrh ;=,§ fï 0 iy 1 lshk wxl fjkqjg l=vdúÿ,s odrdjla ;uhs mdúÉÑ fjkafka '
ta wkqj yÿkd f.k ;uhs wmsg fmak fï ish¨ foaj,a lrkafka '
tfykï fï f,dalfha ;shk fndfyda foaj,a iy fndfyda rgdjka fï 1 iy 0 u.ska ksrEmKh
lrkakg ms<sjka ' wms tfykï n,uq fï 1 iy 0 ;a f,dalh;a w;r ;shk iïnkaO ;djh .ek '
fï ldrKdj fmdâvla me;a;lska ;sh,d wms ;%smsglh fmdâvla lshj,d tuq '
fï ldrKdj úia;r we;sj ;shk iQ;%hla ;uhs lÉpdhk f.d;a; iQ;%h ' fï iQ;%h
;sfhkafka ixhqla; ksldfha 29 msgqfõ '
— lÉpdk " ish,a, we;e hs hk fuh tla wka;fhls ' ish,a, ke;e hs hk fuh fofjks wka;h
hs ' lÉpdk " ta fï wka; folg fkd meñK ueÿï ms<sfj;ska ;:d.; f;fï oyï foihs ' ''' —
ta lshkafk ish,a, we;e lshk tl 1 kï ish,a, ke;e lshkafka 0 ' Tkak tfykï wfma f,dalh
— Digital — ' tal ksid ;uhs fï f,dalfha ;shk ish¨u foaj,a fldïmshqgrh u.ska m%;sks¾udKh
lrkak mq¨jka fj,d ;sfhkafk '
fï iQ;%h ;=, ;shkjd " 1 lsh,d we;s nj ' 0 lsh,d ke;s nj ' ta tlalu ueÿï ms<sj; fï 1 g iy
0 lshk folgu whs;s ke;s fohla '
fï l;dj wms ks;r wyk úÈyg lsõfjd;a we;s nj iy ke;s nj lsh, .kak mq¨jka ' ta lshfka
;shkjd lsh, .;af;d;a 1 jf.a kE lsh, .;af;d;a yßhg 0 jf.a' f,dalh wms yeu úgu ;shkjd
lsh, yß kE lsh, yß wrf.k ;uhs ld,h .; lrkafka '
wms l,ska ,sms j,§ oek .;a;d fï f,dalfha mod¾:hka ish,a,u ukiska ks¾udKh jq nj' tfykï
fï ukiska ks¾udKh jk f,daflfha ukfia ,laIKhka ;shk nj;a wms Tmamq lrd '
tfykï uki ish,a, we; lsh, oDIaál;ajh ;=, fyda ish,a, ke; lsh, oDIaál;ajh ;=,
bkak ksid f,dalfha ish¨u mod¾:hka ;=, fï ,laIKh ;shkjd ' ta ksid ;uhs f,dalfha ;shk
mod¾:hka mß>Kl wdY%; s j ks¾udKh lrkak ms<sjka fj,d ;sfhkafk ' tfykï fï äðg,a
f,dalh " äðg,a wdY%s;j ks¾udKh lrkak ms<sjka ' tal mqÿu fjkak ldrKdjla fkfjhs
Tkak tfykï wfma f,dalh äðg,a' wdfh wuq;afjka fydhd.kak fohla kE '
fï ldrKdfõ§ u;l ;shd.kak ´k ldrKdjla ;uhs fï we;s nj iy ke;s nj tfyu;a ke;skï
0 iy 1 lshkafk oDIaál;ajhla ñila i;Hh fkdfjhs ' wms ir<j lshkjkï iïud oDIaáh fï
foflkau f;drhs ' fïl álla ishqï l;djla ' fï .ek meyeÈ,s lr.kak;a tlal wms ta .ek
;shk ;%smsgl fldgila fmdâvla lshj,d tuq '
fï iQ;%h uÊðu ksldh ;=k fmdf;a 608 msgqfõ " msKavmd; mdßY=oaO iQ;%h ;=,hs
fï iQ;%h idßmq;a; uy ry;ka jykafia iy nqÿka jykafia w;r is¥k l;d nyla ' uu iQ;%h ;=,
;shk wldrhgu ,shkakï '
YdÍmq;%h " f;dmf.a bkaøshfhda fjfiiska mykay " isú meye mßY=oaO he ''''''' f;ms ful,ays
ljr úyrKfhlska hqla; je nyq, fldg jdi lrjq o @ hs '
jykai " ful,ays uu Y=kH;dúyrKfhlska hqla; je nyq, fldg fjfiñ ‘ hs
fï foaYkdfõ lshkafka Y=kH;dúyrKh f,i wms l,ska 0 f,i yeÈkajqKq ke;ehs hk
oDIaál;ajh fkfjhs '
nqÿkajykafia foaYkd lrKjd fï lshkafka Pkao rd.fhka f;drnj fyj;a rd.fhka
oafõYfhka yd fudayfhka Y=kHh njhs lsh,d '
uu ys;kjd yefudagu fï ishqï fjki meyeÈ,s we;sh lsh,d '
fï fjki ksidu ;uhs i¾j iïmQ¾K ukila i¾j iïmQ¾K f,dalhla ljodj;a lD;suj
ksmojkak neß fj,d ;sfhkafka '
yenehs ry;ka jykafia f.a is;k fidNdjh yßhg mß>Klhla jf.hs ' fudlo Wkajykafia,d
rd. oafõY " fuday hkaf.ka f;drhs '
uu okakjd fï lshk ldrKdj;a tlal yefudau álla l,n, fj,d we;s '
fuf;la ,shdf.k wdmq ,smsj,ska wms kQ;k úoHdj ;=, ;sín .eUqre ixl,am ish,a,u mdfya
iúia;rd;aulj úia;r l,d ' ta ish¨u ldrKd wms l;dlf,a md¨ f.or j,x ì|kjd jf.a
fkfjhs ' lreKq ldrKd tlalu ;uhs meyeÈ,s lf¾ '
fï lshmq l;dj ;j;a meyeÈ,s fjkak;a tlal ,nk l,dmfha ,shk ,smshg wdrïnhla .kak;a
tlal mod¾:hka f.ka yeÿkq f,dalh iy uki w;r ;shk fjkia fmdâvla fmkajkakï '
fï foaYkdj ;sfhkafka ixhqla; ksldfh fol fmdf;a 149 msgqfj ;shkjd wiiq;j;a;= iQ;%h
lsh,d iQ;%hla '
fuys ;shkjd fukak fï wdldrhg "
— uyfKks " kQ.;a mqyÿq ka f;fï i;r uydN+;hkaf.ka yg.;a fï isref¾ Wlg,S
jkafka;a fjhs ' fkd wef,kafka;a fjhs ' ñfokq leuef;a;a fjhs ' ta ljfr fyhskao h;a (
uyfKks " i;r uyd N+;hkaf.ka yg.;a fï YÍrfhys jeãu;a msßySu;a yg.ekSu;a ì§u;a
fmfKhs ' tfyhska kQ.;a mqyqÿka f;fï tys,d Wlg,S jkafka fjhs ' fkdwef,kafka;a fjhs '
ñfokq leue;af;a;a fjhs '˜
— uyfKks " hula is; hhsÿ uki hhsÿ ú[a[dk hhsÿ lshkq ,efío " tys,d kQ.;a mqyqÿka
f;fï l<lsfrkakg fkdiu;ah" fkd wef,kakg fkdiu;h ' ñfokakg fkdiu;ah ' ta ljr
fyhskao h;a ( uyfKks " kQ.;a mqyqÿka úiska fndfydal,la uq¨,af,ays — fuh udf.ah " fï uu
fjñ " fï udf.a wd;auh hs nei .kakd ,§ ' tfyhska tys,d kQ.;a mqyÿq ka f;fï Wlg,S jkakg
fkd iu;a h' fkd wef,kakg fkdiu;a h ' ñfokakg fkdiu;a h '
fï foaYkdfõ uQ,sl fldgfia ;shkjd fudav ñksiaiq ys;df.k bkakjd lsh,d fï i;r
uyd nQ;hf.ka yeÿkq lh .ek l, lsrekdu yÍ lsh,d ' tfykï fï lh .ek l, lsÍu m%Yakhg
W;a;rh fkfjhs ' biair uu ;a ys;mq l;djla ;uhs ´l ' fï YÍrfha ;shk m%Yak ud;%hla kEr
okak fodia;r,d " ta jf.au u, ñkS tlal jev lrK wh " ñkS tïndï lrK wh lsis l<lsÍula
ke;sj f.or weú,a,d ld,d lidohla neo, tfyu bkakjd ' Tkak ys;kak fohla æ
Bg miafi Wkajykafia foaYkdlrKjd uk " tfyu;a ke;skï is; .ek wjfndaO lr.kak
kQ.;a mqyqÿka ñksiqkag neyehs lsh,d ' fudlo fndfyda ld,hla ;siafia fïl yÍ lsh,d ys;d f.k
bkak ksid fuh f;afrkafka kE lsh,d ' fï .ek wms bÈßfha§ l;dlruq '
tfykï fï äðg,a f,dalh wms oelafla ke;af;;a fndfydald,hla fï f,dalfha Ôj;afj,d wms
.;a; ks.uk j, ;shk .eg¨j ksidhs '
wms l,ska k;r lrmq ;ek '''
wms okakjd — fya;= M, oyu — lsh, tlla .ek ' tal yßu úoHd;aul ldrKdjla ' ´fkau M,hlg
fya;=jla ;sfhkak ´k ' kshqgkaf.a f;jk kshufhkq;a l;dlrkafka fï jf.a ldrKdjla '
ir<j lsõfjd;a — iEu l%shdjlgu ta yd iudk m%;súreoaO l%shdjla we; lsh,d —
b;ska wms ne¨fjd;a fï f,dalfha ;shk i;a;= .ia yßu úúOdldrhs ' i;=ka .;af;d;a "
n,af,d bkakjd mQfid bkakjd " ldlafld " khd "ukqiaihd foúhd bkakjd ' wmsg fïjd M,
úÈyg ;uhs fmakafka ' fïjd M, kï fya;= fudkjdo @ ' n,a,d we;s Wk fya;=fjka mQid we;sfjkak
mq¨jkao @ fï M, fol we;sfjkafka úúO fya;=kï tajd fudkjdo @'' Tn tajdg fya;=
fkdokakjdkï Tn fya;= M, jdÈfhla o @ tfia ke;skï Tn M, jdÈfhlao @ wms bÈß ,sms
j,ska fï .ek l;d lruq '