Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Week 1 Assignment 2
Lutheran Research
Lutheranism is one of the five major branches of Protestantism. The history of Lutheranism is
traced back to the teachings of Martin Luther and the 16th-century movements that issued from his
reforms. It is organized in regional and national churches globally with 140 churches. Being the second
largest denomination of the Protestantism, there are 65 million Lutherans found worldwide, roughly 39
million in Europe, 5 million in North America, and 20 million in Asia and Africa (Britannica).
Members of the Lutheran church believe that God is Creator of the universe. They believe God is
continually creating, calling into being each moment of each day. They believe people are given the
capacity and freedom to know and respond to God. This freedom can be positive or negative response
to God and that’s God’s gift to humankind. Baptism and Holy Communion are the two sacraments that
Lutheran’s accept. They believe Jesus Christ is the Messiah and died for their sins on the cross (SPDLC).
Lutheran churches have traditionally used natural building materials like wood, stones, and
bricks for simplicity and to focus a space on worship. Lutheran’s believe the natural materials symbolize
God’s creations, rather than man's creations. Although, they are not as elaborate as Catholic cathedrals,
Lutheran churches are designed in the Gothic style, with a long vertical line and tall steeples and
windows are liberally incorporated. Natural light spilling in from clear-glass and stained windows
symbolizes God’s presence and enhances the natural, earthy qualities of the church (Ramon).
A Lutheran church is composed of four elements: the altar, the pulpit, the nave (congregation),
and the baptismal font. The altar is the most sacred space in a Lutheran church. It is placed on the
highest level, in front of the nave. The pulpit is where the priest delivers the sermons to the nave. The
largest part of the church is the nave and has pews and faces to the pulpit for the congregation to
worship and listen to the sermons from the priest. A baptismal font is typically located in the entrance of
"The Big Religion Chart." ReligionFacts. N.p., 21 Nov. 2016. Web. 27 July 2017.
"Traditional Designs of Lutheran Churches." Our Everyday Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 July 2017.
"What Do Lutherans Believe?" What Do Lutherans Believe? | St. Philip the Deacon Lutheran Church.
N.p., n.d. Web. 27 July 2017.
Lutheran churches are design with large Baptismal Font
stained glass windows. Lutheran believe
that natural light symbolizes God's pres-
ence. A palm leave is added to represent the Lutheran Heart
Florida Location
Jacksonville Lutheran
Church
Jacksonville, FL Altar
Church Pulpit
Nate Rainer
INTA312 Global Design
August 2, 2017
Week 2 Assignment 1
El Salvador’s rural houses are made of adobe with a large front porch. The front porch is
most used area of the home. The inside of their homes is used for sleeping and storage. An El
Salvadorian home may have seven or eight family members living in one or two small rooms.
Modern urban homes have an outdoor space in the front instead of in the middle like homes built
during the colonial period. The homes of the middle and upper class have a large wall topped
with glass and barb wire surrounding the home and garden. This was done in the 1970s for
security. Houses for lower classes do not have a wall. The poorest Salvadorians house may be
made of cardboard or sheet metal (Everyculture).
Guatemala architecture is influenced by the Spanish. Towns and cities include a central
plaza, generally with a public water fountain known as a "pila," around which were situated a
Catholic church, government offices, and the homes of high-ranking persons. A colonial home
would have included a central patio with living, dining, and sleeping rooms separated by
corridors. Like a towns and cities of the country, the homes also had a pila. Entrances from
homes were directly off the street and gardens were limited to the homes interior patio. The
colonial designs still influence today’s town, cities, and the homes located within them. The
wealthy have homes that include a second story and be on the periphery of the town or city.
Many of the older, centrally located homes are now offices or hotels (Everyculture).
Honduras city homes are made of store-bought materials such as brick and cement.
Homes in the countryside are distinct to each ethnic group’s architectural style. Homes of the
poor rural are made of local materials, with floors of packed earth, walls of adobe or wattle and
daub, and roofs of clay tiles or thatch. A kitchen is wood fire built on the floor or on a raised
platform in an outside special home. Homes have a front porch and are used like we would use a
formal parlor. The habitats of the home may draw designs into the mud that is plastered on the
house (Everyculture).
Works Cited:
"El Salvador." Countries and Their Cultures. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Aug. 2017.
"Honduras." Countries and Their Cultures. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Aug. 2017.
"Guatemala." Countries and Their Cultures. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Aug. 2017.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Northern Triangle of Central America
Situation Factsheet (February 2017)." Refworld. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Aug. 2017.
DISPLACEMENT AND SHELTER ESSAY
AND SKETCHES
WEEK 2
ASSIGNMENT 2
Nate Rainer
Dr. Starr
August 5, 2017
Week 2 Assignment 2:
Displacement and homelessness is seen all over the world. Millions have been displaced
temporarily or permanently due to many reasons such as political unrest, weather catastrophes, violation
of human rights, war and other issues. The effects on a person or a group of refugees can depend on the
severity of the event they are seeking refuge from. They will all have basic needs that will need to be
consider when creating a refugee shelter. Other factors that will need to be considered are their
geographic location, religion, if any, marital status, sex, sexual orientation, reason for displacement, etc.
Displaced people suffer from discrimination, experience significant deprivation and are
frequently impoverished. They will experience the loss of economic opportunities, breakdown of cultural
identity, loosening of social and family structures, interruption of schooling and increased poverty levels.
They may have experience grief due to missing or dead family members. Impacts of displacement is felt
more by children, women with young children, the disabled, and the elderly. They experience feelings of
solitude, confusion, fear, and pain and by symptoms of mental illness, a lack of direction, of becoming
As an interior designer, we must consider the basic necessities that a displaced person or family
will need. Food, water, and shelter are those main basic necessities that any group of displaced people
will need. Then we would need to consider any culturally specific needs of the group. Family is central to
Honduran daily life and society. Religion is also big part of the Honduran life as they are 97% Roman
Catholic. The location of the new refugee shelter will also need to be consider as it may determine the
In research of Honduran refugees, they are fleeing their country due to high homicide rates
having the highest tied with El Salvador in 2015. The killings are related to gangs or criminal
organization activity through extortion. The woman of Honduras experience assault on top of the
extortion. Another reason Honduran are fleeing their country is due to an extreme drought due to the El
Nino effect. The drought is effecting food prices and farming in the country, which is creating a
When considering a shelter for Honduran refugee, an interior designer will design to meet those
basic needs of food and water, culture. A table and chairs should be provided for family meals and can
also provide a place for study. Based on the religion of Hondurans, Roman Catholic symbols like a cross
and a place for prayer should be included in the design. A sofa that converts into a bed would provide
space for sleeping. Bunk beds could also be used for larger families. Movable dividers could be installed
for privacy needs. Honduras has a subtropical climate in the lowlands, and temperate climate in the
mountains. Both climates would need to be consider for shelter built there to create a comfortable space
for the refugee. Storage should be provided for any items they may have with them or that they may gain
"Ten Facts About Honduran Refugees." The Borgen Project. N.p., 31 Jan. 2017. Web. 06 Aug. 2017.
"Displaced persons." Resource for social workers to share, discover and learn. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Aug.
2017.
SKETCHES
Nate Rainer
Dr. Starr
August 9, 2017
Natural disasters can strike without warning and their severity can change quickly or be combined
with other issues causing major destruction. Both the Japan Earthquake and Hurricane Sandy are two of
those examples. Each of these disasters took lives, displaced thousands of residents, and cost billions in
Japan’s northeastern coast of Honshu experienced a 9.0 earthquake and aftershocks on March 11,
2011. The Japan earthquake is considered one of the most powerful earthquakes ever recorded. It was so
powerful that it created a series of destructive tsunami waves and triggered tsunami warnings throughout
the Pacific Basin. The tsunami waves were also responsible for shutting down several of the nuclear
plants in the region, most notably, the Fukushima Daiichi (Britannica). The earthquake and tsunami
Hurricane Sandy made US landfall on October 29, 2012 near Atlantic City, NJ moving north up
the East Coast. Seventy-two lives were lost in the wake of Sandy’s aftermath in the US. Although Sandy
did not hit the US as a hurricane, it became a sprawling extratropical cyclone and gain the nickname
Superstorm Sandy by meteorologists and newscasters (Britannica). As of October 30, 2012, 11000 people
in 16 states had taken advantage of 258 Red Cross operated shelters due to destroyed homes and loss of
power throughout the region (Red Cross). Due to a full moon on October 29, the storm surge amplified
the high tides devastating several cities and towns along the Atlantic coast of New Jersey and New York.
Transportation via air, rail, and road transportation was ground to a halt throughout the region. Property
damage was estimated between $30 billion and $50 billion after the storm; however, it had grown to
populated areas, increasing deaths and physical damage. One of the biggest differences in their impacts
were the predictability of a hurricane/storm verses an earthquake and tsunami. Many people took shelter
prior to Superstorm Sandy hitting the Eastern US Coast. Due to the unpredictability of the earthquake and
tsunamis, the people of Japan were not able to take refuge. The people affected by the Japanese
earthquake and tsunamis continued to be displaced for several years due to the inability to return to their
homes located near the damaged Fukushima nuclear reactor. Two years after, there were still a small
number of people in emergency centers. More than 300,000 displaced residents were living in tens of
thousands of prefabricated temporary housing units that had been set up in Sendai and other tsunami-
damaged locations or were in some other type of domicile, such as hotels, public housing units, or private
homes (Britannica). Both disasters received assistance locally, nationally, and internationally by
Mississippi is the 20th state of the United States of America and received statehood in
1817. It is a low-lying state bordered by Tennessee to north, Alabama to the East, Arkansas and
Louisiana to the West. The Mississippi Alluvial Plain also called the “Delta” extends eastward
from the Mississippi being narrow south of Vicksburg and extends as much as a third of the way
across the state to the north of Vicksburg (CD). The Delta region of Mississippi is one of the
poorest areas in the United States (The Atlantic). One of the poorest communities in the Delta
Region is Tchula and listed at the 5th poorest in the nation. There are about 1885 residents with a
median household income of $13,273(datausa). The state’s average is $37,095. The poverty rate
is at 66.8% (datausa). The unemployment is due to loss of two industries: a sawmill and an
apparel factory. The first black mayor of Tchula, Eddie Carthan, now owns the mansion of the
former daughter of a local planation dynasty, Sara Virginia Jones. During the ownership of the
Jones’, the home housed artwork by artists like Salvador Dali and Andy Warhol and are now
replaced by family photos of Carthan. Carthan grew up in a shack outside of Tchula that his
family purchased during the 1930s through the New Deal project. He stated in article with the
Atlantic, “And I think about how well they lived back then, and how we lived back then. This
house is huge. There are five bedrooms. It has three full bathrooms. We didn’t have bathrooms at
all.” Tchula was a staging ground during the civil-rights era. Today, the remaining community is
97 percent black and poor, since families like the Jones have left the community. Despite being a
poor community, every house has running water. All the jobs have dried up with dwindling
This is seen in many communities throughout the Delta that were figured prominently
during the civil-rights area. Poverty also creates health issues, this is seen in Greenville, another
city in the Delta that was prominent during the civil-rights area. 95% of the residents living there
receive Medicaid. Due to little or no clinics in the rural communities, people travel to Greenville
for medical attention. Greenville is two-thirds black and still segregated when it comes to
education. Most of the white children attend private academies while black children attend public
schools. Residential areas are divided between two extremes: the leafy boulevards of the affluent
white section and the historically poor, black Baptist Town. It has not changed much since 1960
and was used as a 1960 Jackson, MS neighborhood in the movie The Help.
A community center in the Tchula or other parts of the Delta will need to incorporate
many different areas. Religion plays a big part in Mississippi. In Tchula, 27.4% identify as
Evangelical Protestant and 17.2% Black Protestant (City-Data.com). A place for worship or pray
could be incorporated. Since only 56.4% of people in Tchula have graduated from high school,
there is still need for space that can provide additional education and skills training
(Areavibes.com). A community center will include a space to gather and discuss ways of making
the town grow, discuss other issues in the area, and just for a place for the people to congregate
Mississippi is the 20th state of the United States of America and received statehood in
1817. It is a low-lying state bordered by Tennessee to north, Alabama to the East, Arkansas and
Louisiana to the West. The Mississippi Alluvial Plain also called the “Delta” extends eastward
from the Mississippi being narrow south of Vicksburg and extends as much as a third of the way
across the state to the north of Vicksburg (CD). The Delta region of Mississippi is one of the
poorest areas in the United States (The Atlantic). One of the poorest communities in the Delta
Region is Tchula and listed at the 5th poorest in the nation. There are about 1885 residents with a
median household income of $13,273(datausa). The state’s average is $37,095. The poverty rate
is at 66.8% (datausa). The unemployment is due to loss of two industries: a sawmill and an
apparel factory. The first black mayor of Tchula, Eddie Carthan, now owns the mansion of the
former daughter of a local planation dynasty, Sara Virginia Jones. During the ownership of the
Jones’, the home housed artwork by artists like Salvador Dali and Andy Warhol and are now
replaced by family photos of Carthan. Carthan grew up in a shack outside of Tchula that his
family purchased during the 1930s through the New Deal project. He stated in article with the
Atlantic, “And I think about how well they lived back then, and how we lived back then. This
house is huge. There are five bedrooms. It has three full bathrooms. We didn’t have bathrooms at
all.” Tchula was a staging ground during the civil-rights era. Today, the remaining community is
97 percent black and poor, since families like the Jones have left the community. Despite being a
poor community, every house has running water. All the jobs have dried up with dwindling
This is seen in many communities throughout the Delta that were figured prominently
during the civil-rights area. Poverty also creates health issues, this is seen in Greenville, another
city in the Delta that was prominent during the civil-rights area. 95% of the residents living there
receive Medicaid. Due to little or no clinics in the rural communities, people travel to Greenville
for medical attention. Greenville is two-thirds black and still segregated when it comes to
education. Most of the white children attend private academies while black children attend public
schools. Residential areas are divided between two extremes: the leafy boulevards of the affluent
white section and the historically poor, black Baptist Town. It has not changed much since 1960
and was used as a 1960 Jackson, MS neighborhood in the movie The Help.
A community center in the Tchula or other parts of the Delta will need to incorporate
many different areas. Religion plays a big part in Mississippi. In Tchula, 27.4% identify as
Evangelical Protestant and 17.2% Black Protestant (City-Data.com). A place for worship or pray
could be incorporated. Since only 56.4% of people in Tchula have graduated from high school,
there is still need for space that can provide additional education and skills training
(Areavibes.com). A community center will include a space to gather and discuss ways of making
the town grow, discuss other issues in the area, and just for a place for the people to congregate
based on their gender or pre-established cultural gender roles. In Western cultures, this can be
seen in equal pay or equal work between men and women. In other cultures, it can be seen in
what people consider equal human rights like access to water or place in society.
Saudi Arabia is one country some people may think about when thinking about gender
inequality in the world. Their guardianship system continues to treat women as minors. This
means women are not allowed to travel, study, or work without permission from their male
guardians. Saudi Arab is one of the only countries in the world that does not allow women to
Some other ways women are not equal in Saudi Arabia, they are expected to wear the full
Hijab in public, which only shows their eyes and hands. Public places are also segregated and
often the facilities for women are of lesser quality. Women can earn degrees in education or
social sciences since they are not considered traditionally male subjects like law or engineering.
If a woman commits adultery, they could be lashed and sent to jail (ReviseSociology.com).
Nate Rainer
Women have seen progress over the past view years despite the guardianship system. In
2009 Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Commerce, stopped requiring women to conduct ministerial
business through a male representative. In September 2011, King Abdullah announced women
would be able to vote in the 2015 municipal elections. He also promised to appoint women as
full members of the Shura Council (World Report). In 2013, thirty women took their seats on the
council. The most recent event came as a decree by King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud in 2017,
giving Saudi women more access to jobs, higher education, or medical procedures, and to exit
prison, among others, with a male guardian’s permission. Women rights activist are hoping this
With the changes in policies, women and girls will still need a community center. The
community center will be able to provide job skills training and additional educational
opportunities. Depending on a girls or woman’s skill, the additional education may lead to them
to attend higher education that once may have been denied to them in fields like law and
engineering. The community center should provide a female only space for medical procedures
so girls and woman feel more comfortable. A place for everyone to pray will need to be included
in the design. Maybe future additions could be a driving school for women and girls if the law
Works Cited:
Researching and learning about global issues that affect the world’s population has been enjoyable
and sad at the same time. The assignments throughout the course have shown how an interior designer
can help find solutions to help make situations a little easier on those affected by poverty, natural
disasters, gender inequality, and other issues. Global poverty and the issues refugees face are the two
issues I wanted to learn more when we learned about each of those subjects. As I focused on poverty in
the United States, especially in the Mississippi Delta, I really thought about how ending poverty here
would allow resources to be used to help global poverty. Growing up in Northeast Mississippi, I never
realized poverty affected the Delta as much as I did. In researching, I found that racial division has
created the poverty level in the region. As an interior designer, I can see how I could use what I’ve
learned to build a community center to help those living in poverty to have services like job training and
medical needs.
Refugees experience many obstacles as they have to evacuate their homes. In some instances, this
may have been the only home or location they have ever known. They experience Refugees have to go
through so much. A shelter is not only thing they will need once they arrive in their new location. They
will need food, water, medical care, security and a sense of home. Through my research I found there are
many different types of shelters and those differences can be based on the different regions that the people
may have be relocated from. I chose a long-term shelter for those fleeing violence in their home country
as it may be a long time before they are able to returned. It would have to function as a home with culture
elements included.
My research along with reading the research of my peers has helped with knowing about
issues that our world faces. Their research provided valuable information on their respective
regions and provided examples of the architecture and how they would design a shelter or
community center to help those in need. This was really useful to help me on ways of designing
I really have gain perspective of how an interior designer does not only design a beautiful
home, but can be instrumental in designing shelters for those who may have lost their home. I
have learned that a design should be cultural sensitive. This will allow a refugee or homeless
person feel that they can get through their dire situation. I would want to create hope for these
people to build new lives despite their current situation. I want to be able to create a sustainable
shelter or community center that can be used for future use using sustainable materials or if
needed a long-term design. I feel there are many possibilities that an interior design can help the
world’s problems.