Sie sind auf Seite 1von 37

“The Assessment of Performance of Policemen in the Municipality of

Daraga, Albay”

Bicol University

College of Social Sciences and Philosophy

Department of Sociology

Daraga, Albay

Claire Christine B. Lobete

AB Sociology II

2016
LOBETE |2

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The Philippine National Police (PNP) has seen and been through the most

taxing issues that have threatened the entire organization several times in the past.

Owning to a dropping public perception and a performance that was considered

it’s lowest, staying afloat was not easy. With police ineffiency reports hurting

most men in uniform, the top leaders had to press on a work-in-progress of

transformation to reclaim its rightful seat as the people's protector, mandated in

Republic Act(RA) 6975 as amended by RA 8551 and further amended by RA

9706 that states:

to enforce the law, prevent and control


crimes, maintain peace and order, and
ensure public safety and internal security
with the active support of the community.

Today Philippine society is facing many problems and issues in the

economic, social and political aspects. As the different problems arise like

terrorism, poverty, bureaucracies and other socio-political and socio-economic

issues happening today in our country, the Philippine National Police (PNP) is

still the one people looked up to as the institution that could at least safeguard its
LOBETE |3

citizens. The PNP is mandated by our constitution to protect the welfare of every

citizenry.

The police organization is created to produce goods and services. It

presupposes to live its best to achieve the purpose for which created through its

people by utilizing skills, knowledge and techniques in the performance of their

duties and responsibilities. The PNP is an organization tasked to enforce the law,

prevent crimes, maintain peace and order and ensure public safety and internal

security with the support of the community.

The role of police in the present society has been described and analyzed

in a number of ways. The PNP is charged with the responsibility of promoting

peace and order and public safety. As guardians in the continuing search for

ensuring peace and order, it shall utilize different kinds of measure, for fast and

effective communication and information dissemination. The PNP is faced with

an important task and that is motivating people to become highly professional,

dynamic and motivated and all of them most be inspired to live in service, honor

and justice.

Casey (2007) stated that police are required to understand and effectively

operate in a complex social, political and organizational environment.

Pnp. Chief Police Director General Avelino Razon, Jr, brought forth the

concept of servant leadership through the development of Mamang Pulis and

Aleng Pulis as dependable, approachable, presentable, humane and God-fearing

police officers closer to people.


LOBETE |4

Police as law enforcers are mandated to ensure that the rule of law is

implicated in the spirit equality for all citizens. However, some police are

perceived as failing as to live up to duty and uphold the law, but of directly

violating the human rights of citizens or excessive use of force.

Moreover, in the performance of their duties, police officers routinely

make critical decisions which require discretion on their part. Uncontrolled

discretion may results in serious problems.

Low percentage of crime reporting was considered an indication of

diminishing public trust and confidence in the police and the criminal justice

system and people would rather depend on praying protection. Despite these

issues and concerns faced by police, the PNP stands strong as it moves towards

regaining its own glory (Philippine National Police Transformation Plan, 2015).

Today, police organization is very much in need of evaluation of their

level of performance, for in a way, it would help them to strive more to do their

best while performing his/her duties and responsibilities. The people of the public

are the first to know the performance of the police officer that public perception is

the first thing that they need to know.

From the vision of a capable, effective and credible police force, the PNP

has now adopted the enhanced vision: "Imploring the aid of the Almighty, by

2030, we shall be a highly capable, effective and credible police service working

in partnership with a responsive community towards the attainment of a safer


LOBETE |5

place to live, work and do business." (Philippine National Police Transformation

Plan, 2015)

With this enhanced vision, the PNP is once again guided by its philosophy

of service, honor and justice, through consistent demonstration of the PNP's core

values of being Maka-Diyos or God-fearing, Makabayan or nationalistic,

Makatao o humane, Makakalikasan or nature-loving.

And to address to this problem, there are programs and activities have

been implemented to improve the police organizations. This can also help to

assess the performance of policemen in Daraga, Albay. The main goal of this is to

change the police attitudes towards the said indicators of performance. Policemen

need to be responsive to a new “information imperative” and work with

researchers to “measure what matters” to their constituents.

Statement of the Problem

This study intends to ascertain the assessment of performance of

Policemen of Municipal Police Office of Daraga, Albay

Specially, the study concentrated on the ff specific questions:

1. The Socio-Demographic Profile of the respondents in terms of the ff:

a. Name(optional)

b. Age

c. Address
LOBETE |6

d. Civil Status

e. No. of children

f. Rank

2. Indicators of performance along:

a. Law Enforcement

b. Crime Prevention and Detection/ Control

c. Suspect Identification and Arrest

d. Community Safety and Protection

e. Police - Community Relation

3. What are the problems encountered by Policemen in Daraga, Albay along:

a. Law Enforcement

b. Crime Prevention and Detection/ Control

c. Suspect Identification and Arrest

d. Community Safety and Protection

e. Police - Community Relation

4. What are the perceived solutions and recommendations?

5. What are the Sociological Implications and Finding of the Study?

Significance of the Study

The study will cover an assessment of performance of policemen in the

Municipality of Daraga, Albay. This study is expected to be used for making

plans, programs and for the attainment of its goal which is to find out the
LOBETE |7

performance of Policemen. The PNP serves as the protector of the people to

enforce the law, prevent and control crimes, maintain peace and order and ensure

public safety and internal security with the active support of the community. It is

therefore important that their performance is responsive to the needs of the

general public.

This study hopes the Performance of the Policemen will serve as a catalyst

for further reforms within the PNP organization. It is important that awareness to

the performance of the policemen be discerned to assess the effectiveness and

responsiveness of policemen to lead it to the ultimate goal of cascading the

transformation.

Moreover, the study hopes the organization will be-well-informed of the

public’s perception towards its action thereby allowing a chance for more reforms

among its ranks.

Further, this study is considered beneficial to the ff:

Philippine National Police – This will provide the PNP the opportunity to

improve its past and current image by becoming a more God-fearing and service –

oriented institution. This will also provide the PNP the opportunity and adopt

measures to improve its interpersonal relations with the varied stakeholders, their

anti – crime activities and public safety responsibilities. The findings of this study

may help PNP in designing a program and rules. It may also help them in

choosing on what kind of policemen they will acquire.


LOBETE |8

The PNP TOP Officials – This study will give the officers the baseline

that would evince the effectiveness of their performance. They will therefore have

a basis for improvement if needed.

Law Enforcer, This study will help the Law enforcement to enhance their

role and functions by achieving peace and order and this study will also provide

suggestions that will help them to their responsibility to achieve peace.

The Community, This study aims to help the Filipino community in

general. The ultimate goal of this study is to come up with a better assessment on

the performance of policemen towards the vision of attaining safer place to live,

work and does business.

The Government Units and other Agencies, the results of this study may

prompt them to give the PNP their utmost support. The data extracted by this

study will be able to provide them with the PNP’s best practices worthy of praise

and commendation.

Filipino Citizens, this will also be benefited by the study for them to be

aware on the quality of service of policemen.

BAPS and Criminology students, the result of this investigation may

encourage other enthusiasts to study about peace and order. This would furnish

those pertinent data that serve as a reference material. This study would give them

insights as to the impact of policemen to the community.


LOBETE |9

Researcher, As a AB Sociology student of Bicol University, this research

will be a very enriching experience for her because of the opportunity to see the

1st hand effects of the performance of policemen as perceived by the respondents.

Future Researchers, the study would serve as a reference material for

those students who would like to conduct similar or related study.

Scope and Delimitations

The study will focus on the Assessment of Performance of Policemen in the

Municipality of Daraga, Albay. The study will only limit to Daraga Police Office

and will not include any other police stations in Albay.

The study will cover some Policemen in the Daraga Police Office and some

citizens in the Municipality of Daraga Albay.

On the other hand, the study covers the Socio-Demographic Profile of the

respondents and will analyze in terms of their name (optional), age, address, civil

status, no. of children, and rank.

The study will also identify the indicators of their performance along law

enforcement, crime prevention and detection/ control, suspect identification and

arrest and community safety and protection and police - community relation and

their problems encountered during its operation.

Likewise, the study will also determine the perceived solutions and

recommendations and the sociological implications and finding of the study.


L O B E T E | 10

However, the researcher will only consider those respondents with sufficient

data and those who positively cooperate in the survey.


L O B E T E | 11

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the literature and studies relevant to the research

undertaking that were derived from theses/dissertations, books and other reference

materials. The chapter also shows the gaps to be bridged, synthesis of the study, the

theoretical and conceptual frameworks. The last section of this chapter presents the

operational definitions of key terms used in the study.

Related Literature

St. Thomas Aquinas (n.d.) stated that, “Peace is the work of justice indirectly, in

so far as justice removes the obstacles to peace, but it is work of charity, according to its

very notion, cause peace.”

Articles, literature and reading materials about police, police organizations and

law enforcement and the Philippine National Police itself, their work, functions and

responsibilities are numerous. They are useful in illustrating the police's main functions

and strategies they undergo to enhance its system and procedures. Several aspects of the

police force are dealt with and will shed relevance to the problem at hand.

Section 4, Article 2 of the 1987 Constitution provides that,

The prime duty of the government is to serve and


protect the people. The maintenance of peace and order,
the protection of life, liberty, and property, and the
promotion of the general welfare are essential for the
enjoyment by all the people of the blessing of demography.
L O B E T E | 12

The PNP was established with the passage of Republic Act (RA) 6975 in 1990. It

was formally activated on January 29, 1991 coinciding with the casing of colors or

official deactivation of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) and Integrated National Police

(NP), its forerunner organizations. In 1998, the country's national leaders sought to

further improve police service and institute true reforms, modernization and

reorganization of the PNP with the passage of RA 8551, which provided for the

rationalized distribution of manpower to maximize personnel deployment in the street

and communities. To support this strategic formula, the law provided for complementing

benefits to raise the quality of life of every policeman and policewoman.

Consequently, from the establishment of the PNP, police work has become a high

profile, professional, round-the-clock public service. Its major mandate of peace and

order is a basic requirement for the Philippine's sustainable development. As stated in

section 4 and 5 Article II of the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines.

Moreover, Qunianola (n.d.), describes a Filipino Policeman, as protector and

friend of the people, his badge being a symbol of the citizen's faith and trust, his uniform

a mirror of decorum and integrity, and his whole human person an oblation of enduring

love for homeland, fellowmen and God. The author further explain that a Filipino

policeman emulates the valor of lapu-lapu, the serenity of Rizal, the leadership of

Aguinaldo, the courage of Bonifacio, the idealism of Del Pilar, the wisdom of Mabini and

the fortitude of Gomez ,Burgos and Zamora; that a Filipino policeman has an oath to

uphold for his Republic; to defend the Constitution, honor the flag, obey the laws and

duly constituted authorities; that he has a covenant with his people to comply; to

safeguard and protect them even beyond the call of duty, and that he has a legacy to
L O B E T E | 13

fulfill for his family; to bequeath unto them the one and only treasure of his life - an

unblemished name. These are the optimistic perspectives of a person who has high regard

for a police officer that the people envision d from way back. Not with standing, realities

plague the PNP, staining the policeman's name.

The PNP top officials continue to enhance the men and women in uniform.

Afroilan (n.d.) advocates that leading a group of nearly one hundred thousand uniformed

police officers, not to mention a few thousand of non- uniformed employees, towards an

urgent vision is not an easy task. It demands the highest form of leadership that inspires

with insights, captivates with wisdom and reveals itself with eloquence. Reengineering

the PNP, sometimes referred to as the Sarmiento Doctrine, relies heavily on the time-

honored trained tradition of command responsibility. In practice, this means that the

police managers at all levels of command, are principally responsible for the state of

order, peace and internal security in their respective areas. As such, they are responsible

for the behavior of men under them.

Afroilan (n.d.) added that reengineering the PNP also prescribes a new model in

police leadership. According to him, it compels leadership, it compels public

transparency. The police officer must learn to relate actively to, and distinguish himself

as a servant of the community. Reengineering the PNP peels the onion of police

leadership in order to reveal its heart seed and its splendor. It also affords an existing

journey to self- exploration by the men in uniform. Corollary to this, the PNP has given

firm commitment to leave no stone unturned in dealing with their principal responsibility

of maintaining peace, order and internal security despite the many obstacles.
L O B E T E | 14

Successions of PNP top officials have seen various salient programs for police

professional development. It can’t be denied that the PNP suffered for a long time from a

tarnished image, a bad reputation brought about by perceived graft and corruption and

abuse of authority by some members of its uniformed personnel coupled with the

vulnerability of the organization. Police Deputy Director Ricardo F. De Leon, for his

part, pushed for the KASUROG COOPS when he was Regional Director of the Police

Regional Office 5. He widened KASUROG COPS when he became one of the highest

officials of the PNP. His brainchild guided the police while doing their jobs as public

servants. KASUROG COPS stands for the value of partnership, individual worth and

dignity, integrity, and trust, commitment to service, and accountability. De Leon

elucidated that KASUROG COPS is a philosophy, a mindset, a way of life and an

empowered action program where community folks and their police actually and

physically work hard to eradicate crimes and their causes down to the Barangay level. It

progressively assisted in alleviating poverty in the region where 55-57% of the

population is below the poverty line. Kasurog entails shaping of the hearts and minds of

the people. It is a total change from within an individual that takes his heart and instills it

in the virtues of compassion, generosity and charity in the attainment of public service

among on the least, the last and the lost among the populace for they are so many.

In 1996, Chief PNP, PDG Recaredo Sarmiento had his National Strategic Action

Plan (NSAP) or better known as POLICE 2000. This included key result areas, to wit:

Key Result Areas: POLICE


L O B E T E | 15

P – revention and Control of Crimes primarily through COPs or community

Oriented Policing System.

O – rder Maintenance, Peacekeeping and Internal Security.

L – aw Enforcement Without Fear or Favor

I – mage, Credibility and Community support Enhancement

C – oordination with other government Agencies, Non-Government

Organizations and the Internationla Police Community.

E – fficiency and Effectiveness in the Development and Management of Human

and Material resources

As the PNP went on to serve and protect the people, their organization has been

invariably manned with highly trained personnel who undergo workshops, trainings and

schooling. They are always equipped with manpower and training programs to mobilize

and institutionalize their mandate. With numerous calls for help and police assistance,

police officers risk life and limbs to protect he people. They were determined to do their

multifarious role in the society to measure up with the ever-increasing demands. Indeed,

in a nation wallowing in abject poverty, criminality escalates wide and fast.

Douglas (2001) talked about police service as a public force empowered to put the

law into effect and provide security through the legitimized use of force. It espoused that

the police forces are usually organized and funded by some level of government.

Consequently, the level of government responsible for policing varies from place to

place, and may be at the national, regional or local level. In some place, there may be
L O B E T E | 16

multiple forces operating in the same area, with different ones having jurisdiction

according to the type of crime or other circumstances.

Langworthy (n.d.) added that police organizations are controversial because

police are controversial. Police protect, or fail to protect, control or fail to control,

provide or fail to provide a host of ill-defined services, always under the color of force

and as agents of the state, are certainly provocative and ensure that the police will always

be controversial. The effect of the volatility of police purpose ensures that the police are

continually under siege from once source or another. On one hand, the “good people” are

not properly protected from “bad things” and “bad people.” “Bad people”, on the other

hand, feel they are subjected to abuses of power, noting that they are harassed, beaten and

even shot to death. People dissatisfied with police performance clamor for reorganization,

while reformers within the police industry promise better days with different

organizational arrangements. However, because neither group has anything by mythology

on which to base its recommendations, the positions, the existent organizations, and the

organizations that follow have no defensible basis.

Related Studies

In a study sponsored by the Government of Quebec, the police service was

compared to private business organizations whose objectives are productivity and

effectiveness. The premise was held that police organization must also be effective

organizations. The adoption of community oriented policing was seen as a possible

solution to this problem. As the research team enunciated, it is important that the very
L O B E T E | 17

source of the problem should be dealt with and that very group of people that the police

seeks to protect must be actively be involved. This does not of course remove the

traditional reactive approach of the police. Various community oriented policing system

in different countries were cited by the study and effectively draw up a scenario for

Quebec. The Community based oriented policing system in Quebec was based on four

pillars: 1) rapports with citizens; 2) partnership with institutions; 3) problem solving

approach; and 4) reinforcement of preventive measures.

Galino (2002), in his study entitled, “Role Performance of the Police and the

Community as Correlates of Police Community Relations”, analyzed the roles

performance of the Baguio City Police Office along the areas of peace and order

maintenance and law enforcement. The author likewise analyzed the role performance of

the Baguio City residents with regards to crime reporting and information system and

their participation in criminal investigation and judicial process. Moreover, the researcher

correlated the foregoing role performance of the police and the residents to the extent of

police-community relations in Baguio City.

The findings of Galino’s study revealed that the respondents perceived the role

performance of the personnel of Baguio City Police Office as generally “efficient”, and

the role performance of the Baguio City residents as generally “favorable”. Both the

police and community perceived police-community relations in Baguio City as

“harmonious”. However, the study concluded that the Baguio City police have not

reached its full potential in the delivery of police service to the people of Baguio City as

far as peace and order maintenance and law enforcement are concerned. It likewise
L O B E T E | 18

concluded that the residents of Baguio City seemed to have not fully realized the essence

of social responsibility.

Everyone who violate laws, rules, regulations and ordinances are apprehend when

they are reported. When this takes place, the identity of the offender is noted. This is

considered as profile for it provides information about the individual.

Bernales (1986), made a study on organization and operation of police stations in

Cabanatuan City. The author cited that most of the police personnel are graduates of

Bachelor of Science in Criminology and had undergone several in-service police training.

The Chief of Police and police personnel are selected on the basis of qualification

standards provided in the Integrated National Police Manual. The police personnel were

assigned specific tasks based on their rank and area of specialization. Btu it is said to note

that majority of police stations lack basic equipment, vehicles and communications

facilities.

Despite the above problems the police in Cabanatuan City gauge the police in

terms of speed and safety in responding to calls for services especially in criminal cases.

Lapuz (1995) assesses the effectiveness of the Provincial Peace and Order

Council in Pampanga. He concluded that the Provincial Peace and Order Council was

organixed to address insurgency and criminality through citizen’s participation in

maintaining peace and order in accordance with the Local Government Code. The

success of said council depended on the harmonious and mutual support among the

civilians and police/military authorities.


L O B E T E | 19

In the study of the Cotabato City Police Force conducted by Baraguir (1995), she

pointed out the strength of the City’s Police Force. The study covered the education and

training personnel, its equipment and facilities. She found that the force is capable in

preventing and controlling crime in the city. She pointed out that while there are apparent

weak areas that may be attributed to the police force; the various sectors of the city have

confidence in it as shown in the respondents’ responses to items on various concerns of

police image, visibility and competence. Even in community relations whereby the police

force is weak, the respondents still recognize the work and necessity of the police.

Coronel (1996) emphasized that the success community policing rest mainly in

community partnership. He wrote that the primary objective of community partnership is

to motivate/catalyze, organize and mobilize the citizenry to perform their duties as part-

time and informal component of the police, and that mobilized citizenry shall be tapped

to participate in and/or support the efforts of t he police. The author stressed that to be

able to establish and maximize community partnership; there should be mutual trust

between the police and the community. To gain the sympathy and build the trust of the

community, the “police must treat the people with respect and sensitivity. The use of

unnecessary force and arrogance, aloofness, or rudeness at any level of agency will

dampen the willingness of community members to ally themselves with the police”.

Rabara (1997) evaluated “The Performance of the Philippine National Police in

the 2nd District of Iloilo”. His study revealed that the level of performance of the police in

relation to peace and order maintenance, law enforcement and other variables was the

“satisfactory” level. The study also evaluated the level of community cooperation and

support in terms of some selected roles of the citizens in crime prevention and control.
L O B E T E | 20

The findings revealed that the level of community support cooperation to the Iloilo police

was within the “favorable” level.

Tayawa (1998), in her study entitled “Effectiveness of Koban Policing System in

the Philippines: the Baguio City Police Office Experience,” utilized the descriptive

survey method. To find out whether the Koban policing system of Japan was effective in

Baguio City, Tayawa made use of the following areas of evaluation, namely, police

service delivery, police community relations, crime reporting, police public image, and

safe environment in the community. The findings of the study revealed that the Koban

policing system was “effective” in Baguio City in terms of police service delivery and

along all the other areas of concerns.

Rosenbaum, et.al (1998) wrote that the police are more effective in solving

neighborhood problems when they use the resources available in the community than

when they try to complete the task alone. The authors noted that the emergence of

community policing gave emphasis to the “co- production” of public safety. In this

framework, safety is viewed as a commodity that is produced by the joint efforts of the

police and the community, working together in ways that were not envisioned or

encouraged in the past.

Manzano, (2011) in his master thesis entitled, “Performance of the Philippine

National Police in the Implementation of Anti-Illegal Drug Program in the Municipality

of San Gabriel, La Union”, assessed the performance of the Philippine National Police in

the implementation of anti-illegal drug program. The study also covered the professional

profile of the PNP, its level of implementation of the anti-illegal drugs prevention

program, the status of performance on supply reduction and demand reduction and the
L O B E T E | 21

problems encountered by the PNP and how serious these are. The study shows that, 1) the

PNP in San Gabriel, La Union are highly educated, lower rank officers, relatively young

in service and less trained in drug prevention program, 2) The level of implementation of

the anti-illegal Drugs Prevention Program on information and education is “least

implemented” while partnership with the Local Government Units on policy formulation

on a drug free community is “moderately implemented”, 3) The status of performance on

supply reduction and demand reduction is “fair” and 4) Problems encountered by the

PNP are “moderately serious”.

Shane (2010) in his Journal of Criminal Justice entitled, “Organizational stressors

and police performance”, this study examines the impact organizational stressors have on

police performance. Evidence on police stress is mixed whether or not the nature of

police work is inherently stressful. A growing body of research suggests police officers

are no more stressed than other groups and police work is not especially stressful.

Instead, organizational stressors may be a greater source of stress due to various

structural arrangements, policies and practices.

Rodger (2009) in his thesis entitled “Performance Management, Gaming And

Police Practice”, examines the nature of ‘gaming’ in the police service and the extent to

which it distorts policing priorities and performance measures. Performance management

systems provided the means by which efficiency could be measured thus enabling central

government to exert pressure on police forces to improve performance in the areas

prioritized. However, for such improvements to be real, not just illusory, it was necessary

to ensure the dysfunctional effects of ‘gaming’ behavior were guarded against.

Controlling such behavior presents a challenge for those responsible for the regulation
L O B E T E | 22

and governance of the service. This thesis examines the impact of Performance

Management on ‘gaming’ behavior and vice versa within the police service. It identifies

and presents evidence on the nature and extent of ‘gaming’ and its impact on police

behavior. The limited effectiveness of the regulatory bodies in addressing ‘gaming’ are

also reviewed and inadequacies, both strategic and operational, identified.

Synthesis of the Art

The various literature and studies included in this chapter aimed to offer a clear

explanation of the concepts, assumptions and important ideas relating to the performance

of policemen in society. The studies were centered on the performance of policemen in

law enforcement, crime prevention and detection/control, suspect identification and

arrest, and in community safety and protection.

Starting with the description of the traditional police role and the criticisms

against it primarily that it is reactive rather than proactive – it will discuss the emergence

of performance of policemen which will develop on the basis of police research and

recognition of the need to involve their performance and the benefit of their performance

in society, and the significance of the inter-relationships and coordination among social

institutions.

The discussions of performance of policemen provide insights on what functions

of policemen in the society and the manner by which it should be pursued. It had

presented a rich background of the problems relating to the present study and how these

may be resolved, offering the researcher inputs in recommending appropriate measures to


L O B E T E | 23

address such issues. According to Rosenbaum, et.al (1998) wrote that the police are more

effective in solving neighborhood problems when they use the resources available in the

community than when they try to complete the task alone. The authors noted that the

emergence of community policing gave emphasis to the “co- production” of public

safety. In this framework, safety is viewed as a commodity that is produced by the joint

efforts of the police and the community, working together in ways that were not

envisioned or encouraged in the past.

According to Galino (2002), in his study entitled, “Role Performance of the Police

and the Community as Correlates of Police Community Relations”, he analyzed the roles

performance of the Baguio City Police Office along the areas of peace and order

maintenance and law enforcement. The author likewise analyzed the role performance of

the Baguio City residents with regards to crime reporting and information system and

their participation in criminal investigation and judicial process. Moreover, the researcher

correlated the foregoing role performance of the police and the residents to the extent of

police-community relations in Baguio City.

The present study is similar to the Galino study, in that they both focus on the

inter-relationships among how the police and the community perform some specific roles

and activities, and the extent their performance. However, the present study will

concentrate on the particular police function in law enforcement, crime prevention and

detection/control, suspect identification and arrest and in community safety and

protection. It will have a diverse set of respondents who are all civilians thereby giving it

a civilian perspective, and will be conducted in a different setting/locality.


L O B E T E | 24

According to Rabara (1997), his study revealed that the level of performance of

the police in relation to peace and order maintenance, law enforcement and other

variables. The study also evaluated the level of community cooperation and support in

terms of some selected roles of the citizens in crime prevention and control.

Present study is similar to Rabara’s study; it focuses on the performance of police

which indicates the performance in law enforcement and other variables.

According to Manzano (2011), his study was assessed the performance of the

Philippine National Police in the implementation of anti-illegal drug program. This is

related to the present study because it focuses on the Performance of the PNP and its

problems encountered during the operation. The difference is that, this study only focuses

on the Anti- Illegal Drug Program while the present study focuses on those indicators of

their performance such as law enforcement, crime prevention and detection/ control,

suspect identification and arrest and community safety and protection and Police -

Community Relation.

In sum, the foregoing literature and studies had given the researcher better

understanding of the subject matter and, consequently, the challenge as well as

inspiration to undertake the present study.

Gap to be bridged of the Study

This study will focuses on the Assessment of Performance of Policemen in the

Municipality of Daraga, Albay as to their functions and indicators of their performance

along with the law enforcement, crime prevention and detection/control, suspect
L O B E T E | 25

identification and arrest and in community safety and protection and their problems that

will encounter along the said indicators.

Some studies that were reviewed practically concentrated on the policemen,

police service, role performance of policemen, community policing, police-community

relation, and policing system. However, there is inadequate information about

performance of policemen. In the study Galino (2002), it focused only on the roles

performance of the Baguio City Police Office along the areas of peace and order

maintenance and law enforcement. Some gaps that he did not undertake are the other

indicator of performance like crime prevention and detection/control, suspect

identification and arrest and the community safety and protection as well as Rabara and

Lapuz.

The study of Coronel focused on the community policing, Bernales focused on

the organization and operation of police stations, the study sponsored by the Government

of Quebec and Tayawa focused on the policing system, Baraguir focused on City’s Police

Force while the present study will focus only on Performance of Policemen and problems

that will encounter by the policemen.

So therefore though the following studies have difference with the study however

it creates impact in understanding the present study.

Theoretical Paradigm

This study anchored on Roberg’s and Kuykendall’s (1993) predispositional

theory and the socialization theory.


L O B E T E | 26

The pre dispositional theory suggest that the behavior of a police officer is

primarily explained by the characteristics, values and attitudes that the individual hab

before he or she was employed. If the officer is dishonest or honest, brutal or temperate in

the use of force, he or she probably has those positive and negative traits before being

hired as a police officer.

The socialization theory suggests that police behavior is determined more by

work experience and peers. This theory holds that individuals learn values and beliefs and

adopt norms as a result of their occupational experiences. If a police officer becomes

corrupt, it is because the police organization fosters the development of corrupting

values; in other words, corruption is learned within the organizations. This would apply

to anny type of police behavior, both good and bad. (Roy 1993:40-42)

Actually, the socialization of some police officers starts before they are employed

in law enforcement. Individuals interested in law enforcement as a career often are

acquainted with or may be related to a police officer. They may actually begin to acquire

the values and beliefs of those friends or relatives prior to being employed in law

enforcement. This is called anticipatory socialization.

The actual socialization processes take place in a police organization in two ways:

the formal and the informal. Formal socialization is the result of what transpires in the

selection process and the training program, what is learned about policies and procedures,

and what officers are told by supervisors and managers. Informal socialization takes

place as recruits interact with older, more experienced officers.


L O B E T E | 27

The theoretical framework (Figure 1) explains how police attitudes are influenced

by the environment. According to the predispositional theory, the character and values

manifested by police officers are those acquired by them before they are recruited into the

police organization. If they have acquired positive values before, then they will also

manifest positive traits when they are hired as police officers. Conversely, if the values

acquired before employment, are negative, they will also exhibit negative traits or

attitudes.

The socialization theory proposes that police attitudes are influenced by peers nd

work experiences. A police organization with corrupt members, more so if led by corrupt

officers, will influence heavily the attitude of its members


L O B E T E | 28

FIGURE 1: Theoretical Framework


L O B E T E | 29

Conceptual Paradigm

The conceptual framework of the study will focus on the assessment of

performance of Policemen in Municipality of Daraga, Albay. The socio-demographic

profile of the respondents will includes the name (optional), age, address, civil status, # of

children as well as their rank and the indicators of their performance along law

enforcement, crime prevention and detection/control, suspect identification and arrest as

well as the community safety and protection and Police – Community relation to the

citizens will be identified in this study. These will serve as the background information of

the respondents.

Moreover, in every operation, in each indicators of their performance there will

always be problems or hindrances that policemen will encounter and will identified in

this study. The result of all of these will lead to the formulation of the possible perceive

solution and recommendations of policemen and the implication of the study to

Sociology.
L O B E T E | 30

The Assessment of Performance of Policemen


in the Municipality of Daraga, Albay

Socio- Indicators of Problems Perceived


Demographic Performance encountered Solutions
Profile along: along: and
Recommen
 Name(optio  Law  Law dations
nal) Enforcement Enforcement
 Age  Crime  Crime
 Address prevention prevention
 Civil Status and and
 # of Detection/ Detection/
children Control Control
 Rank  Suspect  Suspect
Identificatio Identification
n and Arrest and Arrest
 Community  Community
Safety and Safety and
Protection Protection
 Police –  Police –
Community Community
relation relation

Implication to Sociology

Figure 2. Conceptual Framework


L O B E T E | 31

Definition of Terms

For more clarification and understanding of the study, the following terms were

defined operationally and conceptually.

Philippine National Police. This is acronym as PMP. It is an agency under the

Department of Interior and Local Government. This was created under Republic Act No.

6075.

Crime. A violation of the law. It is form of incident against public order, which may

create fear and disorder among men and society.

Socio Demographic – Profile. Composed of the profile of the respondents as to name

(optional), age, gender, civil status, no. of children and rank to which respondent belong.
L O B E T E | 32

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study will use a mixed methods (Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2003) design, which

is a procedure for collecting, analyzing and “mixing” both quantitative and qualitative

data at some stage of the research process within a single study, to understand a research

problem more completely (Creswell, 2002). The rationale for mixing is that neither

quantitative nor qualitative methods are sufficient by themselves to capture the trends and

details of the situation such as the performance of Policemen in the Municipality of

Daraga, Albay. When used in combination, quantitative and qualitative methods

complement each other and allow for more complete analysis (Green, Caracelli, &

Graham, 1989, Tashakkori & Teddlie, 1998).

In quantitative research, an investigator relies on numerical data (Charles &

Mertler, 2002). He uses post positivist claims for developing knowledge, such as cause

and effect thinking, reduction to specific variables, hypotheses and questions, use of

measurement and observation, and the test of theories. A researcher isolates variables and

causally relates them to determine the magnitude and frequency of relationships. In

addition, a researcher himself/herself determines which variables to investigate and

chooses instruments, which will yield highly reliable and valid scores.

Alternatively, qualitative research is “an inquiry process of understanding” where

the researcher develops a “complex, holistic picture, analyzes words, reports detailed

views of informants, and conducts the study in a natural setting” (Creswell, 1998, p. 15).
L O B E T E | 33

In qualitative research, data is collected from those immersed in everyday life of the

setting in which the study is framed. Data analysis is based on the values that these

participants perceive for their world. Ultimately, it “produces an understanding of the

problem based on multiple contextual factors” (Miller, 2000).

The very basic purpose of this research is to determine the performance of

policemen being utilize in the Municipality of Daraga, Albay.

Research Locale

Daraga is the third biggest municipality in Albay composed of 54 barangays and

considered as a first class municipality as it has emerged to be progressive and

prosperous to economy. It is now the terminal and bourgeoning center of trade commerce

of its neighboring towns as it draws trade relations with the island province of Masbate

through the nerby Port of Pilar. It is strategically located along the Maharlika Highway

being centrally accessible from Manila and theVisayas, as well as the other municipalities

of Eastern Bicol Peninsula.

Sample and Sampling

Random Sampling will apply to identify the actual respondents.

Respondents of the Study

The target respondents of this research will be the Policemen and the citizens

from the Municipality of Daraga Albay.


L O B E T E | 34

Data Gathering Procedure

To make the conclusion of the study in orderly and systematic, the researcher

underwent the following procedures; before proceeding on the study, the researcher

sought the permission of the Chairman of the panel to conduct the study. This step is vital

as to what extent the study should go as far as confidentiality is concerned, as it might

jeopardize the mission utilization.

1. The data that will gather should be noted, analyze and tabulate in preparation on

the initial draft.

2. Conclusion will give after achieving and analyzing the data.

3. The researcher will prepare the initial draft to be presented to her adviser for some

changes, inclusions and rejections. She will consider all these alterations when

she finalized the draft.

Research Instrument

To gather data needed in this study, the researcher will prepare a checklist

questionnaire that sufficiently provides the information needed in the study.


L O B E T E | 35

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS
Charles, C. M. & Mertler, C. A. (2002). Introduction to educational research (4th ed.).
Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

De Leon, R. F. (2005, July). Community Oriented Policing System, Towards A Peaceful


and Progressive Community. AMCLEOFE Prints, Quezon City.
Harper, D. (2001, November). Police, Sheriff and Custom Badges for Emergency Service
Professionals. Lawman Badge Company.
Philippine National Police Transformation Plan, 2015

Quinanola, F. V.(1995). The Policeman (p 7-8). Revised Third Printing Press, Exclusive
Printer and Distributor, Cebu City.
Republic Act No. 6975, An act Establishing the Philippine National Police Under a
Reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government and For Other Purpose,
December 13, 1990

Rosenbaum, D. P., A. J. Lurigio and R.C. Davis. (1998). The Prevention of Crime: Social
and Situational Strategies. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (1998). Mixed methodology: Combining qualitative and
quantitative approaches. Applied Social Research Methods Series, 46. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications.

Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (1998). Mixed methodology: Combining


qualitative and quantitative approaches. Applied Social Research Methods Series, 46.

The 1987 Philippine Constitution.

THESES

Bernales, (1986). Organization and Operation of Police Stations in Cabanatuan City.


Coronel (1996).The Success of Community Policing Rest mainly in Community
Partnership.
Creswell, J. W. (2002). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating
quantitative and qualitative approaches to research. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Merrill/Pearson Education.
L O B E T E | 36

Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five
traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Galino, Rodrigo B. (2002). Role Performance of the Police and the Community as
Correlates of Police Community Relations. Unpublished MPA Thesis: Baguio College
Foundation.
Green, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., & Graham, W. F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework
for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11
(3), 255-274.

Lapuz, (1995). Assessed the Effectiveness of the Provincial Peace and Order Council in
Pampanga.
Manzano, G.V. (2011, April). Performance of the Philippine National Police in the
Implementation of Anti-Illegal Drug Program in the Municipality of San Gabriel, La
Union. Unpublished MPA Thesis: Lyceum – Northwestern University,

Miller, D. (2000, Fall). Qualitative Research Course Packet. University of Nebraska –


Lincoln.

Rabara, Rolando. (1997). The Performance of the Philippine National Police in the 2nd
District of Iloilo. Unpublished Thesis: Philippine Public Safety College.
Rodger, P. MSc. (2009, January). Performance Management, Gaming And Police
Practice. Unpublished Thesis: University of Birmingham

Tayawa, M. (1998). Effectiveness of Koban Policing System in the Philippines: The


Baguio City Police Office Experience. Unpublished MPA Thesis: University of the
Philippines.

JOURNALS

Baraguir, (1995) Cotabato City Police Force.


Langworthy
Recaredo A. Sarmiento II (p 5). PIO National Headquarters.
Report of the Philippine National Police Reform Commission, July 2004
L O B E T E | 37

Sarmiento R. A. II. (2000). Reengineering the PNP, A compilation Of the Speeches of


PNP Director General
Shane,J.M. (2010). Journal of Criminal Justice. Organizational stressors and police
performance. [Electronic version]. John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Department of
Law and Police Science, 899 Tenth Avenue, New York, NY 10019, United States

INTERNETS

www.socialsciences.uottawa.ca/Key20to20Safer20Municipalities

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen