Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Daraga, Albay”
Bicol University
Department of Sociology
Daraga, Albay
AB Sociology II
2016
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The Philippine National Police (PNP) has seen and been through the most
taxing issues that have threatened the entire organization several times in the past.
it’s lowest, staying afloat was not easy. With police ineffiency reports hurting
economic, social and political aspects. As the different problems arise like
issues happening today in our country, the Philippine National Police (PNP) is
still the one people looked up to as the institution that could at least safeguard its
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citizens. The PNP is mandated by our constitution to protect the welfare of every
citizenry.
presupposes to live its best to achieve the purpose for which created through its
duties and responsibilities. The PNP is an organization tasked to enforce the law,
prevent crimes, maintain peace and order and ensure public safety and internal
The role of police in the present society has been described and analyzed
peace and order and public safety. As guardians in the continuing search for
ensuring peace and order, it shall utilize different kinds of measure, for fast and
dynamic and motivated and all of them most be inspired to live in service, honor
and justice.
Casey (2007) stated that police are required to understand and effectively
Pnp. Chief Police Director General Avelino Razon, Jr, brought forth the
Police as law enforcers are mandated to ensure that the rule of law is
implicated in the spirit equality for all citizens. However, some police are
perceived as failing as to live up to duty and uphold the law, but of directly
diminishing public trust and confidence in the police and the criminal justice
system and people would rather depend on praying protection. Despite these
issues and concerns faced by police, the PNP stands strong as it moves towards
regaining its own glory (Philippine National Police Transformation Plan, 2015).
level of performance, for in a way, it would help them to strive more to do their
best while performing his/her duties and responsibilities. The people of the public
are the first to know the performance of the police officer that public perception is
From the vision of a capable, effective and credible police force, the PNP
has now adopted the enhanced vision: "Imploring the aid of the Almighty, by
2030, we shall be a highly capable, effective and credible police service working
Plan, 2015)
With this enhanced vision, the PNP is once again guided by its philosophy
of service, honor and justice, through consistent demonstration of the PNP's core
And to address to this problem, there are programs and activities have
been implemented to improve the police organizations. This can also help to
assess the performance of policemen in Daraga, Albay. The main goal of this is to
change the police attitudes towards the said indicators of performance. Policemen
a. Name(optional)
b. Age
c. Address
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d. Civil Status
e. No. of children
f. Rank
a. Law Enforcement
a. Law Enforcement
plans, programs and for the attainment of its goal which is to find out the
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enforce the law, prevent and control crimes, maintain peace and order and ensure
public safety and internal security with the active support of the community. It is
general public.
This study hopes the Performance of the Policemen will serve as a catalyst
for further reforms within the PNP organization. It is important that awareness to
transformation.
public’s perception towards its action thereby allowing a chance for more reforms
Philippine National Police – This will provide the PNP the opportunity to
improve its past and current image by becoming a more God-fearing and service –
oriented institution. This will also provide the PNP the opportunity and adopt
measures to improve its interpersonal relations with the varied stakeholders, their
anti – crime activities and public safety responsibilities. The findings of this study
may help PNP in designing a program and rules. It may also help them in
The PNP TOP Officials – This study will give the officers the baseline
that would evince the effectiveness of their performance. They will therefore have
Law Enforcer, This study will help the Law enforcement to enhance their
role and functions by achieving peace and order and this study will also provide
general. The ultimate goal of this study is to come up with a better assessment on
the performance of policemen towards the vision of attaining safer place to live,
The Government Units and other Agencies, the results of this study may
prompt them to give the PNP their utmost support. The data extracted by this
study will be able to provide them with the PNP’s best practices worthy of praise
and commendation.
Filipino Citizens, this will also be benefited by the study for them to be
encourage other enthusiasts to study about peace and order. This would furnish
those pertinent data that serve as a reference material. This study would give them
will be a very enriching experience for her because of the opportunity to see the
Municipality of Daraga, Albay. The study will only limit to Daraga Police Office
The study will cover some Policemen in the Daraga Police Office and some
On the other hand, the study covers the Socio-Demographic Profile of the
respondents and will analyze in terms of their name (optional), age, address, civil
The study will also identify the indicators of their performance along law
arrest and community safety and protection and police - community relation and
Likewise, the study will also determine the perceived solutions and
However, the researcher will only consider those respondents with sufficient
Chapter II
This chapter presents the literature and studies relevant to the research
undertaking that were derived from theses/dissertations, books and other reference
materials. The chapter also shows the gaps to be bridged, synthesis of the study, the
theoretical and conceptual frameworks. The last section of this chapter presents the
Related Literature
St. Thomas Aquinas (n.d.) stated that, “Peace is the work of justice indirectly, in
so far as justice removes the obstacles to peace, but it is work of charity, according to its
Articles, literature and reading materials about police, police organizations and
law enforcement and the Philippine National Police itself, their work, functions and
responsibilities are numerous. They are useful in illustrating the police's main functions
and strategies they undergo to enhance its system and procedures. Several aspects of the
police force are dealt with and will shed relevance to the problem at hand.
The PNP was established with the passage of Republic Act (RA) 6975 in 1990. It
was formally activated on January 29, 1991 coinciding with the casing of colors or
official deactivation of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) and Integrated National Police
(NP), its forerunner organizations. In 1998, the country's national leaders sought to
further improve police service and institute true reforms, modernization and
reorganization of the PNP with the passage of RA 8551, which provided for the
and communities. To support this strategic formula, the law provided for complementing
Consequently, from the establishment of the PNP, police work has become a high
profile, professional, round-the-clock public service. Its major mandate of peace and
friend of the people, his badge being a symbol of the citizen's faith and trust, his uniform
a mirror of decorum and integrity, and his whole human person an oblation of enduring
love for homeland, fellowmen and God. The author further explain that a Filipino
policeman emulates the valor of lapu-lapu, the serenity of Rizal, the leadership of
Aguinaldo, the courage of Bonifacio, the idealism of Del Pilar, the wisdom of Mabini and
the fortitude of Gomez ,Burgos and Zamora; that a Filipino policeman has an oath to
uphold for his Republic; to defend the Constitution, honor the flag, obey the laws and
duly constituted authorities; that he has a covenant with his people to comply; to
safeguard and protect them even beyond the call of duty, and that he has a legacy to
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fulfill for his family; to bequeath unto them the one and only treasure of his life - an
unblemished name. These are the optimistic perspectives of a person who has high regard
for a police officer that the people envision d from way back. Not with standing, realities
The PNP top officials continue to enhance the men and women in uniform.
Afroilan (n.d.) advocates that leading a group of nearly one hundred thousand uniformed
police officers, not to mention a few thousand of non- uniformed employees, towards an
urgent vision is not an easy task. It demands the highest form of leadership that inspires
with insights, captivates with wisdom and reveals itself with eloquence. Reengineering
the PNP, sometimes referred to as the Sarmiento Doctrine, relies heavily on the time-
honored trained tradition of command responsibility. In practice, this means that the
police managers at all levels of command, are principally responsible for the state of
order, peace and internal security in their respective areas. As such, they are responsible
Afroilan (n.d.) added that reengineering the PNP also prescribes a new model in
transparency. The police officer must learn to relate actively to, and distinguish himself
as a servant of the community. Reengineering the PNP peels the onion of police
leadership in order to reveal its heart seed and its splendor. It also affords an existing
journey to self- exploration by the men in uniform. Corollary to this, the PNP has given
firm commitment to leave no stone unturned in dealing with their principal responsibility
of maintaining peace, order and internal security despite the many obstacles.
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Successions of PNP top officials have seen various salient programs for police
professional development. It can’t be denied that the PNP suffered for a long time from a
tarnished image, a bad reputation brought about by perceived graft and corruption and
abuse of authority by some members of its uniformed personnel coupled with the
vulnerability of the organization. Police Deputy Director Ricardo F. De Leon, for his
part, pushed for the KASUROG COOPS when he was Regional Director of the Police
Regional Office 5. He widened KASUROG COPS when he became one of the highest
officials of the PNP. His brainchild guided the police while doing their jobs as public
servants. KASUROG COPS stands for the value of partnership, individual worth and
empowered action program where community folks and their police actually and
physically work hard to eradicate crimes and their causes down to the Barangay level. It
population is below the poverty line. Kasurog entails shaping of the hearts and minds of
the people. It is a total change from within an individual that takes his heart and instills it
in the virtues of compassion, generosity and charity in the attainment of public service
among on the least, the last and the lost among the populace for they are so many.
In 1996, Chief PNP, PDG Recaredo Sarmiento had his National Strategic Action
Plan (NSAP) or better known as POLICE 2000. This included key result areas, to wit:
As the PNP went on to serve and protect the people, their organization has been
invariably manned with highly trained personnel who undergo workshops, trainings and
schooling. They are always equipped with manpower and training programs to mobilize
and institutionalize their mandate. With numerous calls for help and police assistance,
police officers risk life and limbs to protect he people. They were determined to do their
multifarious role in the society to measure up with the ever-increasing demands. Indeed,
Douglas (2001) talked about police service as a public force empowered to put the
law into effect and provide security through the legitimized use of force. It espoused that
the police forces are usually organized and funded by some level of government.
Consequently, the level of government responsible for policing varies from place to
place, and may be at the national, regional or local level. In some place, there may be
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multiple forces operating in the same area, with different ones having jurisdiction
police are controversial. Police protect, or fail to protect, control or fail to control,
provide or fail to provide a host of ill-defined services, always under the color of force
and as agents of the state, are certainly provocative and ensure that the police will always
be controversial. The effect of the volatility of police purpose ensures that the police are
continually under siege from once source or another. On one hand, the “good people” are
not properly protected from “bad things” and “bad people.” “Bad people”, on the other
hand, feel they are subjected to abuses of power, noting that they are harassed, beaten and
even shot to death. People dissatisfied with police performance clamor for reorganization,
while reformers within the police industry promise better days with different
on which to base its recommendations, the positions, the existent organizations, and the
Related Studies
effectiveness. The premise was held that police organization must also be effective
solution to this problem. As the research team enunciated, it is important that the very
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source of the problem should be dealt with and that very group of people that the police
seeks to protect must be actively be involved. This does not of course remove the
traditional reactive approach of the police. Various community oriented policing system
in different countries were cited by the study and effectively draw up a scenario for
Quebec. The Community based oriented policing system in Quebec was based on four
Galino (2002), in his study entitled, “Role Performance of the Police and the
performance of the Baguio City Police Office along the areas of peace and order
maintenance and law enforcement. The author likewise analyzed the role performance of
the Baguio City residents with regards to crime reporting and information system and
their participation in criminal investigation and judicial process. Moreover, the researcher
correlated the foregoing role performance of the police and the residents to the extent of
The findings of Galino’s study revealed that the respondents perceived the role
performance of the personnel of Baguio City Police Office as generally “efficient”, and
the role performance of the Baguio City residents as generally “favorable”. Both the
“harmonious”. However, the study concluded that the Baguio City police have not
reached its full potential in the delivery of police service to the people of Baguio City as
far as peace and order maintenance and law enforcement are concerned. It likewise
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concluded that the residents of Baguio City seemed to have not fully realized the essence
of social responsibility.
Everyone who violate laws, rules, regulations and ordinances are apprehend when
they are reported. When this takes place, the identity of the offender is noted. This is
Cabanatuan City. The author cited that most of the police personnel are graduates of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology and had undergone several in-service police training.
The Chief of Police and police personnel are selected on the basis of qualification
standards provided in the Integrated National Police Manual. The police personnel were
assigned specific tasks based on their rank and area of specialization. Btu it is said to note
that majority of police stations lack basic equipment, vehicles and communications
facilities.
Despite the above problems the police in Cabanatuan City gauge the police in
terms of speed and safety in responding to calls for services especially in criminal cases.
Lapuz (1995) assesses the effectiveness of the Provincial Peace and Order
Council in Pampanga. He concluded that the Provincial Peace and Order Council was
maintaining peace and order in accordance with the Local Government Code. The
success of said council depended on the harmonious and mutual support among the
In the study of the Cotabato City Police Force conducted by Baraguir (1995), she
pointed out the strength of the City’s Police Force. The study covered the education and
training personnel, its equipment and facilities. She found that the force is capable in
preventing and controlling crime in the city. She pointed out that while there are apparent
weak areas that may be attributed to the police force; the various sectors of the city have
police image, visibility and competence. Even in community relations whereby the police
force is weak, the respondents still recognize the work and necessity of the police.
Coronel (1996) emphasized that the success community policing rest mainly in
to motivate/catalyze, organize and mobilize the citizenry to perform their duties as part-
time and informal component of the police, and that mobilized citizenry shall be tapped
to participate in and/or support the efforts of t he police. The author stressed that to be
able to establish and maximize community partnership; there should be mutual trust
between the police and the community. To gain the sympathy and build the trust of the
community, the “police must treat the people with respect and sensitivity. The use of
unnecessary force and arrogance, aloofness, or rudeness at any level of agency will
dampen the willingness of community members to ally themselves with the police”.
the 2nd District of Iloilo”. His study revealed that the level of performance of the police in
relation to peace and order maintenance, law enforcement and other variables was the
“satisfactory” level. The study also evaluated the level of community cooperation and
support in terms of some selected roles of the citizens in crime prevention and control.
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The findings revealed that the level of community support cooperation to the Iloilo police
the Philippines: the Baguio City Police Office Experience,” utilized the descriptive
survey method. To find out whether the Koban policing system of Japan was effective in
Baguio City, Tayawa made use of the following areas of evaluation, namely, police
service delivery, police community relations, crime reporting, police public image, and
safe environment in the community. The findings of the study revealed that the Koban
policing system was “effective” in Baguio City in terms of police service delivery and
Rosenbaum, et.al (1998) wrote that the police are more effective in solving
neighborhood problems when they use the resources available in the community than
when they try to complete the task alone. The authors noted that the emergence of
community policing gave emphasis to the “co- production” of public safety. In this
framework, safety is viewed as a commodity that is produced by the joint efforts of the
police and the community, working together in ways that were not envisioned or
of San Gabriel, La Union”, assessed the performance of the Philippine National Police in
the implementation of anti-illegal drug program. The study also covered the professional
profile of the PNP, its level of implementation of the anti-illegal drugs prevention
program, the status of performance on supply reduction and demand reduction and the
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problems encountered by the PNP and how serious these are. The study shows that, 1) the
PNP in San Gabriel, La Union are highly educated, lower rank officers, relatively young
in service and less trained in drug prevention program, 2) The level of implementation of
implemented” while partnership with the Local Government Units on policy formulation
supply reduction and demand reduction is “fair” and 4) Problems encountered by the
and police performance”, this study examines the impact organizational stressors have on
police performance. Evidence on police stress is mixed whether or not the nature of
police work is inherently stressful. A growing body of research suggests police officers
are no more stressed than other groups and police work is not especially stressful.
Police Practice”, examines the nature of ‘gaming’ in the police service and the extent to
systems provided the means by which efficiency could be measured thus enabling central
prioritized. However, for such improvements to be real, not just illusory, it was necessary
Controlling such behavior presents a challenge for those responsible for the regulation
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and governance of the service. This thesis examines the impact of Performance
Management on ‘gaming’ behavior and vice versa within the police service. It identifies
and presents evidence on the nature and extent of ‘gaming’ and its impact on police
behavior. The limited effectiveness of the regulatory bodies in addressing ‘gaming’ are
The various literature and studies included in this chapter aimed to offer a clear
explanation of the concepts, assumptions and important ideas relating to the performance
Starting with the description of the traditional police role and the criticisms
against it primarily that it is reactive rather than proactive – it will discuss the emergence
of performance of policemen which will develop on the basis of police research and
recognition of the need to involve their performance and the benefit of their performance
in society, and the significance of the inter-relationships and coordination among social
institutions.
of policemen in the society and the manner by which it should be pursued. It had
presented a rich background of the problems relating to the present study and how these
address such issues. According to Rosenbaum, et.al (1998) wrote that the police are more
effective in solving neighborhood problems when they use the resources available in the
community than when they try to complete the task alone. The authors noted that the
safety. In this framework, safety is viewed as a commodity that is produced by the joint
efforts of the police and the community, working together in ways that were not
According to Galino (2002), in his study entitled, “Role Performance of the Police
and the Community as Correlates of Police Community Relations”, he analyzed the roles
performance of the Baguio City Police Office along the areas of peace and order
maintenance and law enforcement. The author likewise analyzed the role performance of
the Baguio City residents with regards to crime reporting and information system and
their participation in criminal investigation and judicial process. Moreover, the researcher
correlated the foregoing role performance of the police and the residents to the extent of
The present study is similar to the Galino study, in that they both focus on the
inter-relationships among how the police and the community perform some specific roles
and activities, and the extent their performance. However, the present study will
concentrate on the particular police function in law enforcement, crime prevention and
protection. It will have a diverse set of respondents who are all civilians thereby giving it
According to Rabara (1997), his study revealed that the level of performance of
the police in relation to peace and order maintenance, law enforcement and other
variables. The study also evaluated the level of community cooperation and support in
terms of some selected roles of the citizens in crime prevention and control.
According to Manzano (2011), his study was assessed the performance of the
related to the present study because it focuses on the Performance of the PNP and its
problems encountered during the operation. The difference is that, this study only focuses
on the Anti- Illegal Drug Program while the present study focuses on those indicators of
their performance such as law enforcement, crime prevention and detection/ control,
suspect identification and arrest and community safety and protection and Police -
Community Relation.
In sum, the foregoing literature and studies had given the researcher better
along with the law enforcement, crime prevention and detection/control, suspect
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identification and arrest and in community safety and protection and their problems that
performance of policemen. In the study Galino (2002), it focused only on the roles
performance of the Baguio City Police Office along the areas of peace and order
maintenance and law enforcement. Some gaps that he did not undertake are the other
identification and arrest and the community safety and protection as well as Rabara and
Lapuz.
the organization and operation of police stations, the study sponsored by the Government
of Quebec and Tayawa focused on the policing system, Baraguir focused on City’s Police
Force while the present study will focus only on Performance of Policemen and problems
So therefore though the following studies have difference with the study however
Theoretical Paradigm
The pre dispositional theory suggest that the behavior of a police officer is
primarily explained by the characteristics, values and attitudes that the individual hab
before he or she was employed. If the officer is dishonest or honest, brutal or temperate in
the use of force, he or she probably has those positive and negative traits before being
work experience and peers. This theory holds that individuals learn values and beliefs and
values; in other words, corruption is learned within the organizations. This would apply
to anny type of police behavior, both good and bad. (Roy 1993:40-42)
Actually, the socialization of some police officers starts before they are employed
acquainted with or may be related to a police officer. They may actually begin to acquire
the values and beliefs of those friends or relatives prior to being employed in law
The actual socialization processes take place in a police organization in two ways:
the formal and the informal. Formal socialization is the result of what transpires in the
selection process and the training program, what is learned about policies and procedures,
and what officers are told by supervisors and managers. Informal socialization takes
The theoretical framework (Figure 1) explains how police attitudes are influenced
by the environment. According to the predispositional theory, the character and values
manifested by police officers are those acquired by them before they are recruited into the
police organization. If they have acquired positive values before, then they will also
manifest positive traits when they are hired as police officers. Conversely, if the values
acquired before employment, are negative, they will also exhibit negative traits or
attitudes.
The socialization theory proposes that police attitudes are influenced by peers nd
work experiences. A police organization with corrupt members, more so if led by corrupt
Conceptual Paradigm
profile of the respondents will includes the name (optional), age, address, civil status, # of
children as well as their rank and the indicators of their performance along law
well as the community safety and protection and Police – Community relation to the
citizens will be identified in this study. These will serve as the background information of
the respondents.
always be problems or hindrances that policemen will encounter and will identified in
this study. The result of all of these will lead to the formulation of the possible perceive
Sociology.
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Implication to Sociology
Definition of Terms
For more clarification and understanding of the study, the following terms were
Department of Interior and Local Government. This was created under Republic Act No.
6075.
Crime. A violation of the law. It is form of incident against public order, which may
(optional), age, gender, civil status, no. of children and rank to which respondent belong.
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study will use a mixed methods (Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2003) design, which
is a procedure for collecting, analyzing and “mixing” both quantitative and qualitative
data at some stage of the research process within a single study, to understand a research
problem more completely (Creswell, 2002). The rationale for mixing is that neither
quantitative nor qualitative methods are sufficient by themselves to capture the trends and
complement each other and allow for more complete analysis (Green, Caracelli, &
Mertler, 2002). He uses post positivist claims for developing knowledge, such as cause
and effect thinking, reduction to specific variables, hypotheses and questions, use of
measurement and observation, and the test of theories. A researcher isolates variables and
chooses instruments, which will yield highly reliable and valid scores.
the researcher develops a “complex, holistic picture, analyzes words, reports detailed
views of informants, and conducts the study in a natural setting” (Creswell, 1998, p. 15).
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In qualitative research, data is collected from those immersed in everyday life of the
setting in which the study is framed. Data analysis is based on the values that these
Research Locale
prosperous to economy. It is now the terminal and bourgeoning center of trade commerce
of its neighboring towns as it draws trade relations with the island province of Masbate
through the nerby Port of Pilar. It is strategically located along the Maharlika Highway
being centrally accessible from Manila and theVisayas, as well as the other municipalities
The target respondents of this research will be the Policemen and the citizens
To make the conclusion of the study in orderly and systematic, the researcher
underwent the following procedures; before proceeding on the study, the researcher
sought the permission of the Chairman of the panel to conduct the study. This step is vital
1. The data that will gather should be noted, analyze and tabulate in preparation on
3. The researcher will prepare the initial draft to be presented to her adviser for some
changes, inclusions and rejections. She will consider all these alterations when
Research Instrument
To gather data needed in this study, the researcher will prepare a checklist
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
Charles, C. M. & Mertler, C. A. (2002). Introduction to educational research (4th ed.).
Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Quinanola, F. V.(1995). The Policeman (p 7-8). Revised Third Printing Press, Exclusive
Printer and Distributor, Cebu City.
Republic Act No. 6975, An act Establishing the Philippine National Police Under a
Reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government and For Other Purpose,
December 13, 1990
Rosenbaum, D. P., A. J. Lurigio and R.C. Davis. (1998). The Prevention of Crime: Social
and Situational Strategies. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (1998). Mixed methodology: Combining qualitative and
quantitative approaches. Applied Social Research Methods Series, 46. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications.
THESES
Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five
traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Galino, Rodrigo B. (2002). Role Performance of the Police and the Community as
Correlates of Police Community Relations. Unpublished MPA Thesis: Baguio College
Foundation.
Green, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., & Graham, W. F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework
for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11
(3), 255-274.
Lapuz, (1995). Assessed the Effectiveness of the Provincial Peace and Order Council in
Pampanga.
Manzano, G.V. (2011, April). Performance of the Philippine National Police in the
Implementation of Anti-Illegal Drug Program in the Municipality of San Gabriel, La
Union. Unpublished MPA Thesis: Lyceum – Northwestern University,
Rabara, Rolando. (1997). The Performance of the Philippine National Police in the 2nd
District of Iloilo. Unpublished Thesis: Philippine Public Safety College.
Rodger, P. MSc. (2009, January). Performance Management, Gaming And Police
Practice. Unpublished Thesis: University of Birmingham
JOURNALS
INTERNETS
www.socialsciences.uottawa.ca/Key20to20Safer20Municipalities