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– Risk Management
Strategic
– Environmental Protection Insight,
Advice &
Support
• Major Accident
– “an occurrence such as a major emission, fire or explosion resulting from
uncontrolled developments in the course of the operation of any
establishment covered by this Directive, and leading to a serious danger to
human health or the environment, immediate or delayed, inside or outside
the establishment, and involving one or more dangerous substances.”
3
Replacement of DSD with CLP / GHS
4
Hazard Statements
• 200: Physical Hazards
– Fires, explosions, corrosives etc.
5
Seveso III Substances
• Annex I of Seveso III Directive / Schedule 1 of Regulations
– Part I – Categories of Dangerous Substances
6
Complications with Transition
• DSD CLP: Not a neat transition for all hazard categories
• Acute Toxicity:
– LD50, LC50 thresholds
• Flammability:
– Changes to Boiling Point and Flash Point thresholds
7
Acute Toxicity – DSD to CLP / GHS
Increasing Toxicity
T+ T Xn
Oral 1 2 3 4
Dermal 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (vapour) 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (aerosol) 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (gas) 1 2 3 4
8
Acute Toxicity – Cat 1 vs. T+ materials
T+ T Xn
Oral 1 2 3 4
Dermal 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (vapour) 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (aerosol) 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (gas) 1 2 3 4
9
Acute Toxicity – Cat 2 vs. T materials
T+ T Xn
Oral 1 2 3 4
Dermal 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (vapour) 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (aerosol) 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (gas) 1 2 3 4
10
Acute Toxicity – Cat 3 materials
T+ T Xn
Oral 1 2 3 4
Dermal 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (vapour) 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (aerosol) 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (gas) 1 2 3 4
11
Acute Toxicity – Effect of MW for Gases
• Gas thresholds now expressed as ppmV – previously were mg/l
T+ T Xn
Oral 1 2 3 4
Dermal 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (vapour) 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (aerosol) 1 2 3 4
Inhalation (gas) 1 2 3 4
• MW []
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Flammability – Boiling and Flash Points
Source: www.echa.europa.eu
13
Aquatic Environment – M-factors
14
Other Materials Affected
• Various new materials added to Schedule 1, some examples follow:
• Sodium Hypochlorite
– This allows higher thresholds / qualifying quantities for some solutions
• Aerosols
– Different thresholds / qualifying quantities, depending on flammability of constituents
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Risk Assessment
• Risk Assessment to demonstrate ‘all necessary measures’
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Semi-Quantitative Methods
• Matrix-based system
– Probability of Occurrence
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Risk Matrix
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Consequence Modelling
• Fires – thermal radiation (kW/m2) and thermal dose
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Impacts to people indoors and outdoors
Concentration vs. Time Impacts of Overpressures on Buildings
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Quantitative Risk Assessment
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Quantitative Assessment (cont’d)
• Consequence Modelling for each Scenario – lethality impacts
• People outdoors
– Direct exposure, dose-response
• People indoors
– Building response to thermal radiation and toxic overpressures
22
Individual Risk Contours
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Societal Risk
• Numbers of people and level of risk (FN curves or risk indices)
•
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Summary
• Seveso II and III broadly based on the same categories of hazard
• DSD and CLP apply different thresholds for some hazard classifications
• If details from SDS are correct, then this simplifies the analysis
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Hazard Identification and Risk
Assessment under Seveso III