DNA Teacher's Guide Discovery Education

T E AC H ER /FAC I L I TATOR’S GUIDE
DNA: The Master

Molecule of Life
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D N A: T h e M a s t e r
M o l e c u l e of Life
Video and Guide Produced by:

Ancient Lights Educational Media
Published and Distributed by:

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©2001 Ancient Lights Educational Media
AGC /United Learning 1560 Sherman Ave., Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 800.323.9084
wwww.agcunitedlearning.com
CONTENTS
Introduction and Summary 1
Curriculum Standards 1
Teacher Preparation/Instructional Notes 2
Student Preparation 2
Pre-test 2
Student Objectives 3
Introducing the Video 3
Follow-Up Discussion 4
Extended Learning Activities 4
Blackline Master Descriptions 5
Answer Key 5
Script of Video Narration 7
Video Quiz 11
This video is closed captioneda2
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duplicate, in whole or in part, this teacher’s guide and the blackline master handouts
that accompany it for the purpose of teaching in conjunction with this video,
DNA: The Master Molecule of Life ™.This right is restricted only for use with this video
program. Any reproduction or duplication in whole or in part of this guide and the
blackline master handouts for any purpose other than for use with this video
program is prohibited.
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1
D N A: THE MASTER MOLECULE OF LIFE

Grades 5-9
Viewing Time: 14 minutes
Lesson Three: Religion
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY

The diverse life forms that inhabit the earth share the common
bond of being based on DNA. This program explores the structure
of the DNA molecule. It demonstrates how DNA subunits are used
to create genetic code words and sentences. Students also discover
how the instructions stored in genes are transcribed into messenger
RNA and then, with the help transfer RNA, are translated into pro-
teins which perform myriad tasks inside cells.
CURRICULUM STA N DA R D S
The design of this program was guided by the curriculum standards
of the States of Texas, California and Illinois. The American
Association for the Advancement of Science recommendations for
improving biological science content were followed throughout this
series: "Biology: The Science of Life". In accordance with these guide-
lines we have attempted to help students:
1. Understand the molecular basis of heredity.
2. Develop an increased understanding of how cells work.
3. Recognize and investigate problems and propose solutions based on

reason, experimentation, and evidence.
4. Express and interpret information and ideas.
5. Use computer networks and library research to access information.
6. Relate biological science to everyday life experience.
2
TEACHER PREPARATION/INSTRUCTIONAL NOTES

Before presenting this program to your students, we suggest that
you review the subject of cell structure and function. We also advise
you to preview the video and review the guide and accompanying
blackline masters in order to familiarize yourself with their content.
As you review the materials presented in this guide, you may find it
necessary to make some changes, additions, or deletions to meet
the specific needs of your class. We encourage you to do so, for only
by tailoring this program to your class will they obtain the maximum
instructional benefits afforded by the materials.
It is also suggested that the video presentation take place before the
entire group under your supervision. The lesson activities grow out
of the context of the video; therefore, the presentation should be a
common experience for all students.You should also duplicate selected
"hand out" materials from the blackline masters included in this guide.
Set up a "Learning Center" with diagrams and models that depict
DNA, RNA and proteins.
STUDENT PREPARATION
Before viewing DNA: The Master Molecule of Life
1. Have students explore the "Learning Center".
2. It is important to have students to read about DNA and RNA in

their in their textbooks before viewing this lesson.
PRETEST
An optional pretest is provided (Blackline Master 1). This test will
help you determine the level of student comprehension prior to
participating in this lesson. An Answer Key appears on page 5 of
this Teachers Guide.
3
STUDENT OBJECTIVES
After viewing the video and participating in the follow-up activities
students should be able to:
1. Explain the chemical basis of the genetic code.
2. Describe the relationship between genetic code words and
amino acids.
3. Describe the relationship between the linear order of code words
in a gene and the order of amino acids in a protein.
4. Explain the role of messenger RNA.
5. Explain the role of transfer RNA.
6. Compare and contrast Replication, Transcription and Translation.
7. Discuss the importance of proteins in living cells.
INTRODUCING THE VIDEO

1. Introduce the program by pointing out the following things: DNA is
the master molecule of life because it controls nearly all cell activities.
Because DNA is self-replicating, genetic information is passed on
from cell to cell and from generation to generation. DNA is able to
control cell activities because it stores instructions for making pro-
teins. There is a region of DNA or GENE for every protein made
by cells. The cell produces proteins only when they are needed.
It does this by sending chemical signals to the DNA which activate
genes. Most proteins are enzymes. Enzymes control the rates of the
chemical reactions that take place inside the cell: In fact very few
chemical reactions in cells occur without the help of enzymes.Point
out that if only half of the roughly 100,000 human genes coded for
enzymes that would mean 50,000 different types of chemical
reactions would be under the direct control of DNA. Let students
know the program they are about to see presents a "bare bones"
glimpse of how transcription and translation occur. The topic has
been simplified to make understanding of this difficult subject as
easy as possible.
2. Hand out the Crossword Puzzle (Blackline Master 3 )
View the video: Running time of the program is 14 minutes

followed by a short (1 minute) optional video quiz.
AGC/ United Learning 1560 Sherman Ave., Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 800.323.9084
4
FOLLOW-UP DISCUSSION
It is recommended that you involve students in a discussion
immediately after viewing the video:
1. Discuss how the genetic code works.
2. Discuss how the proteins called enzymes carry out the actual
work of regulating the activities of the cell.
EXTENDED LEARNING ACTIVITIES

A. In order to express and communicate ideas and improve research
skills use the INTERNET and other resources to prepare papers or
oral reports on the following subjects:
1. The human genome project
2. Deciphering the genetic code
3. DNA fingerprinting
4. Genetic engineering
B. Microscope Work: Examine a slide of the salivary gland chromo-

somes of the fruitfly Drosophilia melanogaster. These chromosomes
are actually polyploid meaning that many DNA strands exist in each
chromosome. As a result, they are very thick. Look for the bands
that may represent genes and the "puffing" that indicates gene activity.
5
DESCRIPTION OF BLACKLINE MASTERS

Blackline Master 1, is a Pre-test that, when compared to the quiz
results, will help you gauge student progress.
Blackline Master 2, is a Vocabulary Worksheet that will introduce

students to unfamiliar words used in the program, or words
pertaining to the subject of the program they may encounter in
outside reading.
Blackline Master 3, is a Crossword Puzzle that challenges students

to use some of the words from the vocabulary worksheet that
accompanies in this program.
Blackline Master 4, is a Test for evaluating student progress.
Blackline Master 5, is a printed version of the Video Quiz that

appears at the end of this program. The video quiz encourages
attentiveness and tests information retention.
ANSWER KEY
Blackline Master 1, Pre-test
1. True
2. False, it is the same in every organism.
3. False, it is based on the 4 different subunits of DNA.
4. False, all genetic code words are three letters long.
5. True
Blackline Master 2, Vocabulary Activities

1. Enzymes
2. Molecule
3. Messenger RNA
4. Transfer RNA
5. Synthesis
6
Blackline Master 3, Crossword Puzzle

3
N
4
U R
C I
L B
E 1 C O D O N
2 U S
2 T R A N S L A T I O N
R M
1 A E
3 A M I N O A C I D S S
A S
C C
R 4 R E P L I C A T I O N
O I
M P
5
O 5 T H R E E G
L I E
E O N
C 6 N U C L E O T I D E
Blackline Master 4, Test

1. Messenger RNA: Messenger RNA carries protein–making instructions
from the DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome.
2. Genetic Code Words: Three DNA nucleotide subunits in a row, such
as AAA or AGA, that represent or "code for" amino acids.
3. Anticodon: The three letter genetic code word of a transfer RNA
that corresponds to the amino acid it carries and that matches up
with that amino acid's codon on the messenger-RNA.
4. Transfer RNA: A small RNA molecule that can pick up amino acids.
By matching the transfer RNA anticodon to the messenger RNA
codon the amino acid is put into the protein chain correctly.
5. Proteins: Molecules made up of long chains of amino acids. Proteins

build living material, fight disease, and help transport substances out
of the cell. The proteins called enzymes are especially important
because they control the rates of chemical reactions in the cell.
6. Ribosomes: The organelles where proteins are assembled.
7
7. Amino Acid: The subunits that are chemically bonded together in

proteins. The order amino acids follow one another in protein chains
is what determines how the protein works.
8. Nucleotide Subunit: The Subunits that make up DNA. Each nucleotide
has a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar group and a nitrogen-
containing base; either Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine or Guanine.
9. Macromolecule: A very large molecule may form thousands of
atoms. DNA, messenger RNA and proteins are examples of
macromolecules.
0. Replication of DNA: The process that occurs when DNA makes an
exact copy of itself before a cell divides.
Blackline Master 5, Video Quiz

1. True
2. False, genetic code words represent different amino acids
3. True
4. False, each chromosome may possess thousands of genes
5. True
Script of Video Narration

DNA: THE MASTER MOLECULE OF LIFE
Living things are very diverse and are found in an incredible array of
colors, shapes, and sizes. Yet, in spite of their great differences, if you
look closely enough they are actually quite similar to one another. As
long ago as the 1830s scientists had begun to realize this fact when
they discovered that all living things are made from cells. By the mid-
dle of the 20th century even more similarities were found when new
scientific tools let researchers examine the molecules found inside of
cells. One molecule in particular called Deoxyribonucleic Acid or
DNA captured their attention. Scientists discovered that DNA uses a
genetic code to chemically store the information cells need to per-
form their many life-supporting activities. Researchers also discovered
that this genetic code is truly universal because it is used in every
living cell: from lowly bacteria like these, to the complex cells of
animals and plants. Now, let us learn more about the amazing DNA
molecule... and find out how it works.
8
DNA: CHROMATIN, CHROMOSOMES, AND

NUCLEOTIDE SUBUNITS
In the cells of higher organisms almost all the DNA is located inside
the nucleus in the substance called chromatin. Before a cell repro-
duces the chromatin changes into the separate structures seen here
that are known as chromosomes. Inside a chromosome the DNA,
along with some proteins, is neatly packaged: It is twisted and folded
over and over again. Something like this is possible because DNA is
a very large molecule: a macromolecule. A closer look shows that the
DNA molecule is actually made up of two separate strands that wind
around and around one another creating a shape called a double helix.
Each of the two DNA strands is made up of smaller chemical sub-
units called nucleotides which are joined together, one after another,
in a very precise order.Only four different subunits are used in DNA
but each one can be found tens of thousands of times in the huge
molecule. To help visualize molecules, scientists use structural for-
mulas like this one to show how their atoms are bonded together.
For example, this structural formula shows that each DNA subunit
contains a phosphate group composed of a single atom of the ele-
ment Phosphorus, P, bonded to 4 atoms of the element oxygen, O,
plus a single Hydrogen atom. Each DNA subunit also contains a
sugar group called deoxyribose that is made from five carbon atoms,
one oxygen atom and several hydrogen atoms all bonded together
as shown here. The individual DNA subunits in a strand are linked
together by strong chemical bonds between their phosphate and
sugar groups these bonds form the "backbone" of the DNA mole-
cule. Each of the four DNA subunits possesses a nitrogen containing
base. The chemical names of the bases are thymine, cytosine, ade-
nine, and guanine: abbreviated T, C, A and G. These bases are
always found in pairs linked to one another by weak chemical bonds,
called hydrogen bonds, that exist between the bases in each strand.
The bases always pair up the same way so that if one DNA strand
has an A the opposite strand will always have a T in exactly the same
place. Likewise a G in one strand is always paired with a C in the
same place in the opposite strand. Because of the way base pairing
occurs DNA molecules end up having two exactly opposite or com-
plementary strands. As we will soon discover it is the precise order
the subunits appear in the DNA strands that is the key to the genetic
code: and the genetic code is the key to life itself.
9
DNA, GENES AND PROTEINS

In the last century researchers studying genes, the units of heredity,
which determine such things as hair color, eye color, and blood type
made two extremely important discoveries. The first was that genes
are made from DNA. The second was that each gene holds the
coded instructions for making a different protein. Proteins are made
up of long chains of amino acids of which there are 20 different
kinds. Living organisms use proteins for a lot of different things :
They can be used for building cell parts, repairing damage, fighting
disease and regulating the speed of the tens of thousands of chemical
reactions that take place inside of cells. Each chromosome in a cell
has many different genes and genes themselves are simply certain
regions of a DNA molecule. Genes determine the order amino acids
will appear in a particular protein chain and it is this order which
gives the protein the ability to do its job. Now let us see how DNA
stores instructions in the unique biological language of the genetic code.
THE GENETIC CODE

The subunits of a DNA molecule: A, T, C, and G are the four letters
of the genetic code alphabet. Of course the subunits are chemical
compounds not actual letters. Nevertheless they can be used just
like letters to "spell out" genetic code words. Most of the 64 code
words used by living things represent, or "code for", amino acids and
each of these words is only three letters long. For example A-A-A is
a code word for the amino acid phenylalanine, G-C-T for the amino
acid arginine, C-T-C for glutamic acid and T-A-C for the amino acid
methionine. A protein made from these amino acids could have a
gene, or sentence of code words, like this "written" in one of the
DNA strands. This sentence informs the cell that this particular pro-
tein is to be made using only these four amino acids in this exact
order. replication of DNA All the DNA in a cell can be thought of as
a LIBRARY containing books of instructions which tell the cell how
to make the proteins it needs to stay alive. In fact every time a cell
divides its DNA is copied or replicated so that each new cell will
have a full library of instructions.
10
BRIEF REVIEW
Let's briefly review how DNA stores instructions: The DNA mole-
cule of a single chromosome can be thought of as one book from the
cell's library of instructions. A chromosome can contain thousands
of genetic code sentences or genes that determine the order amino
acids will appear in proteins. Such sentences are written using genetic
code words ...all of which are just three letters long. These words
are codes for any of 20 different amino acids and, of course, the
letters with which the words are written are the four nucleotide
subunits of DNA.
MESSENGER RNA, TRANSFER RNA, AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Inside living cells the actual process of making proteins involves sev-
eral different steps because the instructions for making proteins are
stored in the nucleus but the proteins themselves are made, or
synthesized, in the cytoplasm. This means cells must have a way to
move information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. As it
turns out cells use a special molecule for this task, called messenger
RNA. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is very similar to DNA but RNA has
only a single strand, it contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyri-
bose, and a base called uracil replaces the Thymine found in DNA:
So the RNA alphabet is A-U-C-G not the A-T-C-G used by DNA.
Whenever a cell needs more of a certain protein it sends a chemical
signal to the nucleus which causes the gene for that protein to be
"switched on". When this happens the DNA code words in the gene
are copied into the RNA code words, or codons, of messenger RNA:
This process is called genetic transcription. After the gene is copied,
the messenger-RNA carries the protein making instructions to a
ribosome in the cytoplasm: Ribosomes are the organelles where
proteins are made. However, just the fact that the messenger RNA
has reached a ribosome is not enough for the protein to start being
made. In order for the message to be translated a third kind of RNA,
called transfer RNA, is needed.Transfer RNAs are small RNA mole-
cules that can pick up amino acids and transfer them to the messen-
ger RNA on the ribosome. There are almost as many transfer RNAs
as there are DNA code words. In fact each of the different transfer
RNAs has a different anticodon which is basically a DNA code word
written using the letters of the RNA alphabet. Transfer RNAs carrying
amino acids match-up their anticodons to the messenger RNA
11
codons as the ribosome moves along the message: As a result the

amino acids carried by the transfer RNAs will be put into the protein
chain in exactly the right order. Once the protein is finished it is
ready to perform its job in the cell and as the protein goes to work
a new chemical signal is sent back to the nucleus that "switches off"
the gene for that particular protein.
CONCLUSION
As we have just learned DNA performs an essential role in the lives
of all living things. It stores huge amounts of information in the
unique biological language called the genetic code. DNA's genetic
information is transcribed into messenger RNA which carries it to the
ribosomes where, with the help of transfer RNA, new proteins are
made that perform thousands of tasks inside of cells. But DNA is
even more amazing because it can make exact copies of itself. As a
result genes and the instructions they hold are passed on; not just
from old cells to new cells but from one generation to the next.
VIDEO QUIZ
1. True of False? The four subunits of DNA are used as the "letters"
of the genetic code alphabet.
2. True of False? Genetic code words represent different proteins.
3. True of False? Translation takes place on ribosomes.
4. True of False? There is usually one gene on each chromosome.
5. True of False? DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA in the nucleus.
1
Name
DNA: The Master Molecule of Life
PRE-TEST
Directions: Answer each question TRUE OR FALSE:
1. Genes are made from DNA.
2. The genetic code used in the cells of mushrooms is quite

different from genetic code used in human cells.
3. The "alphabet" of the genetic code uses the 20 different

amino acids for letters.
4. Genetic code words are of different lengths according to

the information they contain.
5. DNA chemically stores instructions for making proteins.
AGC / United Learning 1560 Sherman Ave. Suite 100 DNA: The Master Molecule of Life
Evanston, IL 60201 ©2001 Ancient Lights Educational Media
800.323.9084 Published and Distributed by AGC/United Learning
to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution
2
Name
VO C A B U LA RY WORKSHEET
Adenine: A nitrogen containing base found in one of the Cytosine: A nitrogen containing base in a nucleotide
nucleotide subunits of DNA. Adenine is the "A" of the subunit of DNA. Cytosine is the "C" of the genetic
genetic code alphabet. code alphabet.
Amino Acid: The subunits that are chemically bonded Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): A long molecule shaped
together in proteins. The order of amino acids in a protein like a twisted ladder(double helix). The plans for running
is what gives it the ability to do its job. and reproducing cells are chemically stored in the DNA.
DNA is found mostly in the nucleus but small amounts of
Anticodon: The three letter word of a transfer RNA that
DNA are found in mitochondia and chloroplasts.
corresponds to the amino acid it carries. The anticodon
matches up with the codon of the messenger–RNA. Deoxyribose: The sugar part of a a DNA nucleotide subunit.
Bacteria: Simple, one-celled, organisms that lack a nucleus Double Helix: The double spiral shape of the DNA molecule.
belonging to the kingdom Monera. Enzymes: Proteins that control the rates of chemical reac-
Cell Division: The process that results in two cells being tions in cells. Most proteins in a cell are enzymes. Digestive
formed from one cell. Cell reproduction. enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are produced by
specialized cells. These enzymes are exported from cells
Chemical: Chemicals are substances made from combi-
to break down food in the digestive tract.
nations of different elements.
Gene: A region of a DNA molecule that stores the instruc-
Chemical Bonds: The way in which atoms are joined to
tions for making a particular protein. Genes are also known
one another: For example, in water an atom of oxygen is
as the units of making a particular protein. Genes are also
joined to two atoms of hydrogen by chemical bonds.
known as the units of heredity.
The subatomic particles called electrons are responsible
for creating chemical bonds. Genetic Code: The chemical language of the cell. DNA
stores its instructions in the genetic code.
Chemical Reactions: Events in which chemical bonds are
broken, rearranged and reformed. Matter is changed by Genetic Code Word: Three DNA nucleotide subunits in a
chemical reactions: This is what happens when chemical row, such as AAA or AGA, that represent amino acids.
compounds react with one another and new compounds Genetic Transcription: The process of copying a gene into
are formed. messenger-RNA.
Chromatin: Chromatin is made up of the tangled, thread- Guanine: A nitrogen–containing base found in a nucleotide
like, coils of chromosomes. Chromatin contains DNA plus subunit of DNA that is the "G" of the genetic code alphabet.
certain proteins.
Heredity: Characteristics that are passed on from
Chromosomes: Chromosomes are worm-shaped struc- parents to their offspring. Genes are called the "units
tures that develop from chromatin before cells divide. of heredity”.
Chromosomes contain DNA and protein. Human body
cells have two full sets of 23 different chromosomes. Hereditary: Passed on from one generation to the next.
Codon: A code word of messenger RNA that represents Hydrogen Bond: A type of weak chemical bond. Hydrogen
an amino acid. bonds exist between the two strands of the DNA molecule
and between the messenger RNA codons and the transfer
Complementary: Two parts of a jigsaw puzzle fit together RNA anticodons.
to make a whole: Therefore they are called complementary
parts. DNA has two complementary strands because they Molecule: A combination of two or more atoms bonded
are exact opposites of one another. together by strong chemical bonds (covalent bonds).
Cytoplasm: All the protoplasm located outside the nucleus. continued
2a
Name
Macromolecule: A very large molecule made from thou- Sugar-Phosphate Bonds: Strong (covalent) bonds between
sands of atoms. DNA, messenger RNA and proteins are the deoxyribose sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate
all examples of macromolecules. group of the adjoining nucleotide is what forms the "back-
bone" of the DNA molecule.
Messenger RNA (m-RNA): Messenger RNA carries instruc-
tions for making proteins from the nucleus to a ribosome. Terminator Codons: Every messenger RNA message ends
with one of three different "terminator" codons: UAG, UAA
Nitrogenous Bases: The nitrogen containing bases of the
or UGA. Since there are no transfer RNAs with anticodons
DNA nucleotide subunits whose chemical names are
to match these messenger RNA codons protein synthesis
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.
stops whenever a terminator codon is reached.
Nuclear: Refers to the nucleus.
Thymine: A nitrogen containing base found in one of the
Nucleic Acids: DNA or RNA nucleus (Plural: Nuclei) nucleotide subunits of DNA. Thymine is the "T" of the
A rounded structure located in the cytoplasm. The nucleus genetic code alphabet.
is the cell's control center because it is where most of the
Transfer RNA (t-RNA): A small RNA molecule that can pick
DNA is located.
up amino acids. By matching the transfer RNA anticodon to
Nucleolus (New-klee-oh-lus): "Little Nucleus" The area of the messenger RNA codon the amino acid is put into the
the nucleus where ribosomes are made. Cells can have protein chain correctly.
more than one nucleolus.
Translation: The process of making proteins using the
Nucleotide Subunit: The Subunits that make up DNA. instructions of messenger RNA molecule.
Each nucleotide has a phosphate group, a deoxyribose
Uracil: A nitrogen–containing base used in RNA molecules
sugar group and a nitrogen–containing base; either
instead of Thymine.
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine or Guanine.
Organelles: "Little Organs". Structures in the cytoplasm
such as mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, and Golgi VO C A B U LA RY ACTIVITY
bodies where different tasks are performed in the cell.
From the vocabulary list find the correct word to fill
Proteins: Molecules made up of long chains of amino
in the blanks.
acids(polypeptides). Proteins build living material, fight dis-
ease, and help transport things out of the cell. The impor-
tant class of proteins called enzymes act to control the 1. are proteins that control the
rates of chemical reactions. Most proteins are enzymes. rates of chemical reactions.
Replication of DNA: The process that occurs when DNA
makes an exact copy of itself before cell division. 2. Two or more atoms strongly bonded together
is called a
Ribosomes: The organelles where proteins are assembled.
3. Instructions from DNA are carried to ribosomes by
Ribonucleic Acid: A type of nucleic acid that contains the
sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose, has one strand and molecules of
that has the base Uracil instead of Thymine.
4. Amino acids are picked up by special RNA
Ribose: A sugar group found in RNA nucleotide subunits. molecules called
Structural Formula: A diagram used by chemists that
shows how atoms are arranged in molecules. 5. The process of making something from simple
subunits is called
Synthesis: To make complex substances from simpler parts.
Proteins are synthesized from amino acid subunits. DNA is
synthesized from nucleotide subunits.
3
Name
CROSSWORD PUZZLE
3
Across:
4
1. A messenger-RNA code word
is called a .
2. is the process that

takes place when proteins are made
from the instructions of messenger-RNA.
1
3. Transfer-RNA carries
to the messenger-RNA. 2
2
4. is the process that
takes place when DNA makes a copy
of itself.
5. All genetic code words have 1

"letters". 3
6. Four subunits are

needed to make a DNA molecule.
Down: 4
1. The DNA molecule is called a
because it is
very large.
5
is the process by which 5
DNA is copied into messenger RNA.
3. Most of a cell's DNA is found in its

.
6
4. Proteins are made on organelles called
.
5. A region of the DNA molecule that

stores instructions for a protein is called a
.
4
Name
PRE-TEST
Directions: Define each of the following.
1. Messenger RNA–
2. Genetic code word–
3. Anticodon–
4. Transfer RNA–
5. Proteins–
6. Ribosome–
7. Amino acid–
8. Nucleotide Subunit–
9. Macromolecule–
10. Replication of DNA–
5
Name
VIDEO QUIZ
Directions: Define each of the following.
1. True or False? The four subunits of DNA are used as

the "letters" of the genetic code alphabet.
2. True or False? Genetic code words represent

different proteins.
3. True or False? Translation takes place on ribosomes.
4. True or False? There is usually one gene on each

chromosome.
5. True or False? DNA is transcribed into messenger

RNA in the nucleus.

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T E AC H ER /FAC I L I TATOR’S GUIDE

DNA: The Master

Video and Guide Produced by:

Published and Distributed by:

©2001 Ancient Lights Educational Media

Introduction and Summary 1

Teacher Preparation/Instructional Notes 2

Introducing the Video 3

Extended Learning Activities 4

Blackline Master Descriptions 5

Script of Video Narration 7

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D N A: THE MASTER MOLECULE OF LIFE

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY

1. Understand the molecular basis of heredity.

2. Develop an increased understanding of how cells work.

3. Recognize and investigate problems and propose solutions based on

4. Express and interpret information and ideas.

5. Use computer networks and library research to access information.

6. Relate biological science to everyday life experience.

TEACHER PREPARATION/INSTRUCTIONAL NOTES

1. Have students explore the "Learning Center".

2. It is important to have students to read about DNA and RNA in

INTRODUCING THE VIDEO

2. Hand out the Crossword Puzzle (Blackline Master 3 )

View the video: Running time of the program is 14 minutes

1. Discuss how the genetic code works.

EXTENDED LEARNING ACTIVITIES

1. The human genome project

2. Deciphering the genetic code

B. Microscope Work: Examine a slide of the salivary gland chromo-

DESCRIPTION OF BLACKLINE MASTERS

Blackline Master 2, is a Vocabulary Worksheet that will introduce

Blackline Master 3, is a Crossword Puzzle that challenges students

Blackline Master 4, is a Test for evaluating student progress.

Blackline Master 5, is a printed version of the Video Quiz that

Blackline Master 2, Vocabulary Activities

Blackline Master 3, Crossword Puzzle

Blackline Master 4, Test

5. Proteins: Molecules made up of long chains of amino acids. Proteins

7. Amino Acid: The subunits that are chemically bonded together in

Blackline Master 5, Video Quiz

Script of Video Narration

DNA: CHROMATIN, CHROMOSOMES, AND

DNA, GENES AND PROTEINS

THE GENETIC CODE

MESSENGER RNA, TRANSFER RNA, AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

codons as the ribosome moves along the message: As a result the

2. True of False? Genetic code words represent different proteins.

3. True of False? Translation takes place on ribosomes.

4. True of False? There is usually one gene on each chromosome.

5. True of False? DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA in the nucleus.

Directions: Answer each question TRUE OR FALSE:

1. Genes are made from DNA.

2. The genetic code used in the cells of mushrooms is quite

3. The "alphabet" of the genetic code uses the 20 different

4. Genetic code words are of different lengths according to

5. DNA chemically stores instructions for making proteins.

DNA Teacher's Guide Discovery Education

DNA Teacher's Guide Discovery Education