Mansha Maheshwari

18 January 2018
G/T Independent Research

Annotated Source List

Aschwanden, C. (2013). ​The curious lives of the people who feel no fear​ (Vol. 217). Retrieved
from
http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=6a923505-1e8d-4984-92c7-ea
4d912b6710%40sessionmgr4007&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=8
5973974&db=sch

The article discusses the process of fear in the brain with a focus on those who can not
feel fear. The amygdala is a part of the brain which is known for processing emotions, especially
fear and aggression. A subject was tested where there was no indication of the fear present
through the ability to recognize emotion was not present while the subject was being tested. A
woman and a set of twins were part of the experimental group. Three subjects were put to test in
an experiment of CO2 and felt “panic” for the first time which gave them fatal feelings. The
control group which was the healthy patients were against the experimental group which was the
patients that could not feel fear. The healthy patients showed signs of anticipation and high blood
pressure but that was not the case with the diseased patients. The women who were part of the
experiment explained how fear was not a huge part of the story because her amygdala was not
intact.
This article is relevant to the topic of anxiety because it discusses how brain and
emotions are affected because of the lack of ability to feel fear. This source is reliable because it
is a reliable author and a revised version of the article. The content in this article is applicable to
the research of how anxiety or other disorders affect mental and physical health because it
discusses how the brain is unable to feel fear which can completely put risk to the mental aspect
of a person.

Carbonell, D., Ph.D. (2009). Struggling with anxiety symptoms? Retrieved November 23, 2017,
from Anxiety Coach website: http://www.anxietycoach.com/anxietysymptoms.html

This article talks about different ways to deal with anxiety symptoms. Training a mind to
recognize those symptoms and still remain calm is important to be able to control anxiety.
Anxiety symptoms are an emotion of fear, constant tension, and chronic anxiety which is the
body’s “flight or fight” response. Some important symptoms to notice while dealing with anxiety
are thoughts, physical sensations, and behaviors. Thoughts are always presented as an expression
of reality but they can also be anxiety symptoms as they cause overthinking. Thoughts can cause
a disturbance as they overtake a mind with fear and question many things. Anxiety is not limited
to the mind as it also affects the body and causes physical sensations. Those sensations are
anything that can cause pain to the body such as headaches, dizziness, and etc. Responding to
physical sensations while experiencing is important as they can affect the mind and aggravate
pain and cause unusual behaviors to worsen the state.
 This article is relevant to anxiety and how the physical symptoms can affect the mind and
body of a person. It is applicable to the topic of anxiety as it discusses the different ways anxiety
can affect a person and the ways to treat alleviate some of the pain. It can be useful to someone
researching anxiety and how it can impact a person physically and emotionally. This source does
not contain bias and is reliable as it was written by an author with Ph.D. and was reviewed
recently.

Deardorff, W. W., Ph.D. (2017, July 1). 4 tips to help cope with chronic pain and depression.
Retrieved November 23, 2017, from Spine-health website:
https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/depression/4-tips-help-cope-chronic-pain-and-d
epression

Depression and chronic pain can create a painful cycle that is hard to break. Chronic pain
is pain that lasts for three to six months and is defined as either undiagnosed or diagnosed which
would mean that the pain itself is the disease. The four main tips to cope with depression are the
early diagnosis of depression with pain, identify stress triggers that can increase chronic pain,
communicate about depression, and seek multiple ways to treat depression and pain. Chronic
pain and depression feed off of each other. It is not always easy to identify depression as chronic
pain can also result in different illnesses. It is also important to identify what is causing the stress
to be able to monitor it and prevent further tension in the mind and body. Talking about
symptoms with a professional can keep them informed so they can identify whether it is
depression and pain and not some other illness associated with chronic pain. There are many
treatments such as antidepressants and therapies available for someone with depression.
This article is relevant to the research of depression and how it can be better treated. It is
applicable as it discusses how depression can be treated and how to cope with depression. This
source can be useful for someone researching depression and the treatments for depression. It is a
reliable source and contains no bias as it was written by a scholarly author with a Ph.D. and was
peer-reviewed.

Folk, J., & Folk, M., BScN. (2017, September 10). Racing heart palpitations anxiety symptoms.
Retrieved October 12, 2017, from Anxiety Center website:
http://www.anxietycentre.com/anxiety/symptoms/racing-heart-palpitations-anxiety.shtml

Heart palpitations are triggered by the rapid fluttering and pounding heartbeats. The
article states that the heart palpitations can be related to anxiety which is also caused by an
exaggerated feeling of nervousness, stress, and excitement. Some reasons why a heart might
pound are because of stress, standing up abruptly, smoking, and anxiety. Palpitations can also be
prompted by diseases so it has become difficult to self diagnose. Anxiety and stress play a huge
role in heart palpitations as they are the first hand sponsors of the physiological, psychological,
and emotional changes within a body. Being overly stressed or anxious can trigger heart
fluttering which can lead to chronic conditions such as heart or respiratory diseases. It is best to
calm down and to terminate the stress response so the body and heart can return to the original
state of normalcy.
 This source is credible because is from two reliable authors and one of them has a
bachelor in science in nursing. This source is relevant to the study of hypertension and anxiety
because it gives a different perspective on irregular heartbeats. It is applicable to the topic of
palpitations and anxiety because it talks about the effects of anxiety and palpitations and the risks
that lead to other psychological and physical changes which are caused by either stress or other
factors contributing to palpitations.

Frontiers. (2017, July 11). Depression affects the brains of males and females differently: New
findings suggest that adolescent girls and boys might experience depression differently
and that sex-specific treatments could be beneficial for adolescents. ​ScienceDaily​.
Retrieved December 24, 2017, from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/07/170711085522.htm

This article focuses on how depression affects the brains of males and females differently
by conducting a study where males and females are exposed to happy and sad words. In the
study, boys and girls of the same age group were recruited and examined through magnetic
resonance imaging. Girls are more likely to experience depression mostly because the ratio of the
recruited girls to boys was not the same. Certain depression related areas were focused on the
supramarginal gyrus and posterior cingulate. Girls at a young age are more likely to experience
depression because of body issues and weight fluctuations; therefore, girls are likely to inherit
depression. Males are more likely to go through persistent depression through their lifetime
versus females who experience episodic depression. It was discovered after the study that
different gendered adolescents may experience depression differently and how sex-specific
treatments can be very beneficial.
This source is relevant to my topic as it talks about how different genders experience
depression. It can be useful for someone researching depression and how it affects different
genders. It is applicable to my topic as it discusses depression and the effect it has on different
genders and how the treatment methods should be changed. It is scholarly as it was written by
multiple authors with references. It is not biased because it is based on a case study on how the
different genders experience depression.

Harvard Health Publishing (Ed.). (2008, July). Anxiety and physical illness. Retrieved October
11, 2017, from Harvard Health Publishing Harvard Medical School website:
https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/anxiety_and_physical_illness

Anxiety is a dangerous condition which hard to overcome because it causes many

problems such as anxiety disorders and chronic medical conditions. Anxiety is described as a
reaction to the tension that has mental and physical features which affect daily life. Although this
anxiety or flight or fight response could help the body be alert, it has negative symptoms such as
nausea, diarrhea, frequent urination, as well as chronic conditions, like the irritable bowel
syndrome. Six different types of anxiety disorders and their symptoms are discussed in this
article. Digestive disorders or dyspepsia, these types of anxiety disorders cause the nerves to be
hypersensitive to activity. Respiratory and heart diseases caused by anxiety result in reduced air
flow to lungs, heart conditions, or coronary conditions, all of which can be fatal. There are three
main therapies available including cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and
drug therapy.
This article is relevant because it connects to diseases and conditions that are affected by
anxiety and anxiety disorders. It includes how anxiety can trigger heart or chronic respiratory
disorders, adding to the relevancy of the source, because it narrows the down the specifics of
multiple disorders and thoroughly explains the importance and the treatment. This source is
credible because it was written by Harvard Health Publishing and researched by the Harvard
Medical School. This article relates to the topic relating to hypertension and anxiety because
many conditions and disorders caused by anxiety trigger hypertension and other diseases.

Hellerstein, D., Ph.D. (2011, July 14). Depression and anxiety disorders damage your brain,
especially when untreated. Retrieved November 23, 2017, from Psychology Today
website:
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/heal-your-brain/201107/depression-and-anxiety-
disorders-damage-your-brain-especially-when

This article discusses how depression and anxiety along with disorders damage the brain
and what neuroplasticity can do to reverse the symptoms. The research conducted by Thomas
Frodl​ compared people with depression versus people without depression. Frodl discovered that
people with depression have a decrease in their brain areas throughout time which is
uncontrollable and unhealthy. Neuropsychiatry research focuses on behaviors and thought
patterns, it also follows along with ruminations tendencies from people with mental disorders
such as depression. An early diagnosis of a mental disorder can prevent neuroplastic changes
which can be conducted through neuropsychiatry. With long-lasting cases of depression,
neuropsychiatry is extremely beneficial as it tracks brain activity and the tendency of
ruminations which can affect a patient’s physical symptoms and mentally damage them.
This article is relevant to the topic of depression and anxiety and how a person is
physically affected as it discusses how the brain and ruminations affect mood and physical
behavior. This source is scholarly as it was written by a medical doctor who is also a professor. It
contains no bias because it is all study and research-based. It is applicable to my topic of mental
disorders because it talks about the mental and physical condition of a person experiencing a
disorder especially depression. It can be useful for someone who is researching depression and
how the brain is affected by it.

Hildebrandt, S. (2011, December 1). Depression can damage the brain. Retrieved November 4,
2017, from ScienceNordic website:
http://sciencenordic.com/depression-can-damage-brain

Two projects were conducted by Professor Poul Videbech, a specialist in psychiatry at

the Centre for Psychiatric Research at Aarhus University Hospital. In one of the projects he
scanned the brains of all the patients who had depression, he discovered that depression reduces
the hippocampus by ten percent and continues in some cases after it is over. Depression is known
to damage the brain but antidepressants and electroshock therapy can help form new nerve cells.
The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe and it is crucial for short term memory.
Videbech was diagnosed with depression and studies depression for a while until he discovered
that the brain’s activity of the hippocampus was reduced by a lot in depression suffering patients.
Even though neurogenesis was already discovered in 1996, this discovery was only known by a
few researchers. Neurogenesis is the birth of neurons and antidepressants have a great influence
on neurogenesis.
This article is relevant to the topic of depression and the mental and physical effects as it
discusses how antidepressants and electroshock therapy can reverse depression damage in the
brain. It is reliable, scholarly, and does not contain bias as it was written by a reliable author and
contains facts discovered in a research project. It is applicable to the topic of depression because
it shows how the damage of depression in the brain can be resolved through different treatments.

LaBracio, L. (2016, March 10). How stress affects your brain (in TED-Ed GIFS). Retrieved
October 24, 2017, from TedEd Lessons Worth Sharing website:
http://blog.ed.ted.com/2016/03/10/how-stress-affects-your-brain-in-ted-ed-gifs/

Stress is caused by the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis which acts with the endocrine
glands in a brain and kidney, starting the reactions to stress. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis releases a hormone, cortisol, which prepares the body to respond to stress. Having high or
low levels of cortisol can be threatening to the body and mind as it affects the fear center in the
brain and depletes memory. The hippocampus is where the activity of
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is located, when the hippocampus becomes weak, the
body’s ability to control and manage stress is weakened. Cortisol has also other effects such as
shrinking the size of the brain, affecting multiple regions including the concentration and
decision making abilities of an individual. High levels of cortisol results in chronic stress, which
can affect how a person remembers and learns things. Methods such as exercising and meditating
can reverse high levels of cortisol and maintain a healthy brain. Chronic stress can later cause
depression or suicidal thoughts; therefore, it is important to control the brain as it controls the
daily lifestyle.
This article is relevant to the topic of anxiety and stress and how it might affect the
human body and brain. It is applicable to the topic because this article discusses how stress
affects the brain. It is useful for someone researching how stress can affect the brain of an
individual. This source is reliable and contains no bias as it discussed as a Ted-Ed lesson
provided by a reliable author recently.

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2017, October 13). Generalized anxiety disorder. Retrieved October 24,
2017, from Mayo Clinic website:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-
causes/syc-20360803

Generalized anxiety disorder is described as a panic disorder or any other types of

disorders that link to anxiety such as a personality disorder. It is categorized as an ongoing
condition which can be very threatening to one’s mind and body. Different anxiety disorders
with varied symptoms they generally include: being constantly worried, the inability to relax,
and difficulty concentrating. Some physical symptoms include fatigue, sweating, irritation,
nausea, nervousness, and difficulty sleeping. Some major concerns that teenagers who have
anxiety are related to school, job, family, and punctuality which might really affect their lives. It
is crucial to visit a doctor if worrying becomes excessive or interferes with one’s daily lifestyle.
Some known causes of generalized anxiety disorders are from genetics, personality disorders,
and differences in the chemistry of the brain and its function. Complications such as depression
or personality disorders might develop; therefore, it is important to visit a doctor and get help
early to prioritize a calm lifestyle.
This source is relevant to the topic of anxiety and anxiety disorders and how they affect
the human body because it discusses the disorders as well as the different symptoms and how it
affects age groups differently. It is applicable to the topic as it describes how anxiety affects the
body and brain. This source does not contain any bias because it is a reliable source as it was
written recently by Mayo Clinic.

Pappas, S. (2009, December 7). Brain scans show distinctive patterns in people with generalized
anxiety disorder in stanford study. Retrieved November 23, 2017, from Stanford
Medicine website:
https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2009/12/brain-scans-show-distinctive-patterns-in-
people-with-generalized-anxiety-disorder-in-stanford-study.html

A study was conducted to examine the brains of people with generalized anxiety disorder
(GAD). It was discovered that the amygdala which is in the brain helps the brain process fear and
emotion is involved with anxiety disorders and other disorders such as depression. Scientist Amit
Etkin, recruited 16 people with GAD and 17 healthy brains without any disorders. He discovered
different regions of the brain where the amygdala resides and how the patients were affected
while they were scanned for eight hours. The study revealed that a normal pattern of how the
brain was affected with healthy people and it showed a completely different pattern with people
with a disorder. Etkins discovered that people with a disorder had a hard time from
differentiating how worrisome a situation was. At times the amygdala was connected to the
cortical executive-control network which can explain why GAD might cause over excessive
worrying.
This source is relevant to the study of anxiety/depression because it contains information
regarding how the brain is impacted during an anxiety disorder. It is applicable to the topic as it
talks about the mental aspect of what might happen to a brain with anxiety and without. It is
useful for anyone researching anxiety disorders and how it might impact the brain. It is reliable
as it was a previous study by a scholarly author. It contains no bias because it was a
observational study conducted by renowned resident and revised by a professor.

Pietrangelo, A. P., & Cherney, K. (2017, September 11). The effects of depression in your body.
Retrieved October 30, 2017, from Healthline website:
https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/effects-on-body

This article discusses the the effects depression has on a human body. Depression is a
mental condition but it still affects a person physically by fatigue, weakened immune system,
increased pain sensitivity, and weight fluctuations. Depression majorly impacted the central
nervous system therefore, the symptoms are very easy to be dismissed. Some symptoms of
depression include sadness, grief, guilt, and feeling empty or hopeless most of the time. Other
signs include being angry, irritated, and losing interest in hobbies. Depression can cause an
increases in substance abuse. Being depressed can make someone lose appetite or gain more
appetite which can lead to binge eating and or obesity. Signs of an affected digestive system
include cramps, stomach aches, malnutrition, and body aches. Depression and stress have a
strong correlation as stress causes high blood pressure which can lead to heart disease.
Cardiovascular problems include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking.
This article is scholarly and does not content any bias as it was written by two reliable
authors and reviewed by another author who had a PhD. It is extremely useful as it discuss all
possible signs and symptoms a person with depression might undergo. This source is relevant
because it discusses depression along with stress and how one impacts another. It is applicable to
the topic or anxiety and its correlation with depression and stress in how it affects a human
mentally and physically as it discuss the effects of stress and depression.

Smith, M., M.A., Robinson, L., & Segal, J., Ph.D. (2017, October). Anxiety disorders and
anxiety attacks. Retrieved November 4, 2017, from HELPGUIDE.ORG website:
https://www.helpguide.org/articles/anxiety/anxiety-disorders-and-anxiety-attacks.htm

Anxiety is the body’s response to danger and it is an alarm when one feels threatened or
stressed. Anxiety is something that is overheating if it is a continuous feeling. Some signs and
symptoms of having anxiety include: being constantly tensed, not having interest in hobbies,
constant danger, and heart pounding followed by panic attacks. The emotional symptoms of
anxiety include irritation, tension, and trouble concentrating. The physical symptoms of anxiety
include: sweating, pounding heart, insomnia, dizziness, and upset stomach. The link between
anxiety and depression is that they both arise from a “biological vulnerability”. Some prevention
methods for anxiety are exercising regularly, sufficient amount of sleep, being calm, and
practicing relaxation techniques. Treatments for anxiety include cognitive therapy, medication
prescribed by a physician, and exposure therapy to one’s fears.
This article is relevant because it talks about anxiety and its connection to depression. It
is applicable to the topic of how depression and anxiety are correlated and how they affect the
body. This source is reliable, scholarly, and contains no bias because it was written by multiple
authors and contains informational facts about anxiety.

Tedeschi, C. (2017, August). Under pressure. ​Discover Magazine​, ​38​(6), 18-21. Retrieved from
MasterFILE Premier database.

This article discusses a middle aged man admitted for chest and abdominal pain leading
to an aortic dissection. Scott who is a middle aged man with an aortic dissection, which is very
uncommon disease and hard to diagnose. An aortic dissection is when the inner layer of the aorta
is shredding into two pieces. His condition was undiagnosed until he was checked for all possible
causes. An aortic dissection (tear) can cause high blood pressure to flow between layers which
can cause the split to safely travel to the chest and abdomen. Scott’s discussion started at the
ascending aorta through the abdomen which explained his previous symptoms of chest and
abdominal pain. During the surgery he was replaced with a synthetic graft to help stop bleeding.
After the tests, he showed signs of reduced cardiac blood flow and Scott left with many
medications to control hypertension.
 The information in this source is very scholarly and high level because many experts
were involved. It is a real life story which covers many perspectives of the case and is not bias. It
is also important for topics relating to cardiac performance along with a compromising condition
that could worsen a case of hypertension.

Tobi, K. U. T., Dr., & Amadasun, F. E. (2015, August). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the
intensive care unit: An experience from a tertiary hospital in sub-saharan africa.
Retrieved September 12, 2017, from National Center for Biotechnology Information
website: ​https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4382604

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is done to restore circulation after a cardiac arrest.

A study conducted for twelve months on 156 patients went through resuscitation. There were
different variables like the time period started, location, cardiac rhythm, and duration of CPR
that determined the outcome. The study was performed at University of Benin Teaching Hospital
where patients were admitted and CPR was only done inside of an intensive care unit during the
12 month period. During the study, the survival chance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation done
within an intensive care unit versus in a general ward was compared. It was determined that the
ICU patients with a stronger chance of surviving than those who went through CPR in a general
ward. The low percentage of survival rate (3.1-16.5%) indicated to the fact that CPR was not as
common and should be prioritized more.
This article talks about the different variables that contribute to the success rate or
determine the outcomes of CPR. It is reliable as well as scholarly because it is a medical journal
and states organized thoughts and factors along with charts.

Tracy, N. (2016, June 15). Relationship between depression and anxiety. Retrieved November
23, 2017, from HealthyPlace website:
https://www.healthyplace.com/depression/anxiety-and-depression/relationship-between-d
epression-and-anxiety/

Depression and anxiety maintain a strong correlation, but both of those conditions exhibit
different responses such as: hopelessness, despair, anger, fear, and anger. Though statistics show
that many people who were diagnosed with depression were also diagnosed with generalized
anxiety disorder. Anxiety is more common than others such as panic and obsessive compulsive
disorders. Depression is considered a low energy state while anxiety is considered the opposite.
The symptoms for depression are long lasting and harder to resolve compared to anxiety.
Depression patients who have anxiety are more likely to have suicidal thoughts than with just
depression or anxiety. Both of these conditions when combined can be very deadly as both of
these conditions cause major emotional and physical damage. Anxiety and depression are both
caused by malfunction in the brain chemistry.
This article is relevant to the topic of depression and anxiety and how they correlate. It is
applicable to the topic of depression and anxiety as it discusses the similarities and differences
within each conditions. It is useful for anyone researching depression and anxiety and the
possible similarities and differences each condition exhibits. It is reliable and contains no bias as
it is written by a reliable author and contains multiple references to other articles.
Trivedi, M. H. (2004). The Link Between Depression and Physical Symptoms. ​Primary Care
Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry​, ​6​(suppl 1), 12–16.

This article discusses the link between depression and physical symptoms and what those
physical symptoms inhibit. Many people who experience depression are more likely to undergo
somatic symptoms. Depression is often times undiagnosed as it is interrupted by the symptoms
of a somatic disease. Patients with a high rate of physical pain and somatic symptoms are likely
to have a mood disorder than patients with less physical symptoms. Physical symptoms has
shown to increase depressed mood along with chronic pain which includes suicidal thoughts
because chronic pain can be a suicidal risk factor as pain and depression have a neurological
pathway. Antidepressants with norepinephrine and serotonin are likely to reduce depression as
they target the spinal cord which helps to get rid of some of the pain. Even after treatment,
residual symptoms exists if the treatment does not focus on the physical treatment; therefore, it is
important to choose efficacious therapeutic agents that eliminate the physical and emotional
symptoms and prevent relapses.
This is article is relevant to the research of depression and how physical and emotional
symptoms impact a human. It is applicable to the topic as it discusses how physical and
emotional symptoms are intertwined and how one can trigger a chronic response in patients with
depression. It is useful for someone who is researching how somatic symptoms can affect
depression. This source is reliable and contains no bias as it contains data from an experiment
and was written by a reliable author.

Walia, A. (2016, February 19). How depression affects brain structure and what you can do to
change it back. Retrieved October 31, 2017, from Collective Evolution website:
http://www.collective-evolution.com/2016/02/19/how-depression-affects-brain-structure-
what-you-can-do-to-change-it-back/

Depression can make someone’s hippocampus very small according to a research done
by Professor Ian Hickie of The University of Sydney’s Brain and Mind Research Institute. The
feelings of sadness and negatively cause the heart to send signals to the brain which then causes
havoc in the central nervous system. According to Joseph Coyle, depression is the deficiency of
some neurotransmitters which are chemical messengers at different points. Serotonin and
dopamine are two examples of neurotransmitters that are usually deficient. The chemical
imbalance theory was further supported by an experiment. It displayed how some drugs increase
and decrease mood in humans, so it still remains a theory as chemical balance in the brain can
not be measured. Some other biologically factors that implicate depression are unbalanced brain
chemistry, vitamin D deficiency, gut flora, and chronic inflammation. Some ways to fight
depression are neuroplasticity, food, exercise, and meditation. Neuroplasticity is the idea that a
brain is changeable and can adapt to fighting depression.
This article is reliable because it cites other sources as well and does not contain bias as it
is study based. It is useful because it talks about how depression affects the brain. It is relevant to
the topic of anxiety and its correlation with depression and the mental and physical effects
because it discusses what changes the brain during depression. It is applicable because it talks
about how depression changes the brain.
Williams, A., Ph.D. (2017, April 3). The physical effects of depression. Retrieved November 23,
2017, from Henry Ford Health System website:
http://www.freep.com/story/sponsor-story/henry-ford-health-system/2017/04/03/the-phys
ical-effects-of-depression/99838032/

Many Americans suffer from depression but there are many that are diagnosed and many
that are not and do not feel pain or realize physical symptoms. Physicals symptoms of depression
are very vague but they can help in determining if depression exists because of the severity of
pain it can cause. Some of the most frequent causes include: sleeping problems, appetite
changes, headaches, muscle aches, and fatigue, and weakened immunity. Depression creates
more pronounced sleeping affects such as insomnia and without the sufficient amount of sleep,
the human body becomes more prone to physical illnesses and weakens the immune system.
Appetite changes such as irritable bowel syndrome can be sued because of depression and how it
affects each body. Depression affects the brain which affects the physical health and mood. With
physical symptoms, the body feels low as it contain low amounts of dopamine and other
chemicals.
This article is relevant to the research of depression and how it can affect the body and
the brain. It is applicable to the topic of depression because it discusses how depression can
affect a person physically which also correlates to the brain as it produces each response. It is
useful for someone researching depression and how the physical symptoms of depression can
affect a human body. This source contains no bias as it was written by a reliable clinical
psychologist.

Young, E. (2012, December 15). ​Alimentary thinking​ [(cover story)]. Retrieved from
http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=9c90ec03-d87f-4b84-92c4-73
d67a4fb4d1%40sessionmgr120&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=84
339260&db=sch

The article focuses on the nervous system that contains the gastrointestinal tract which
playing major role in the ruling of mood and behavior. The source mentions that the two brains
play a huge impact on stress. The “gut” brain is related to digestion, mood, and scientists call this
the enteric nervous system; second brain or the “gut” brain sends information to the brain for its
well being. Although the “gut” brain cannot regulate emotions, it's the ability counteract small
regions including the hypothalamus. The neurotransmitters in the “gut” brain signal dopamine
which is a molecule that related to happiness. The serotonin in the enteric nervous system (ENS)
supports bone formation as well fixing cells in liver and lungs. The brain depends on the “gut” as
it carries out the functions necessary to survive and provides to sustain life. The “gut” is also
associated with the flight or flight response which is the body’s way of reacting to stress or a
difficult situation and second brain which is the “gut” influences that reaction of anxiety.
 The article is relevant to the topic of anxiety and the mental and physical effects because
it explains how a “gut” brain is also involved in the mental effects of anxiety. This article is
scholarly because of its revision of the other editions with a credible author. This source is
applicable to the topic because it discusses the potential harm the “gut” brain can cause a flight
or fight response.