Private Pilot Oral Exam Guide
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1. eligibility *Be at least 17.
requirements of a *Read Write and speak English.
private pilot? *Hold a student pilot certificate.
*At least a third class medical.
*ground and flight training
endorsements.
*meet applicable aeronautical
experience requirements.
*passed knowledge and practical
tests.
2. what privileges and Cannot:
limitations apply to a *carry passengers or property for
private pilot? compensation or hire nor act as PIC
for compensation or hire.
Can:
*act as PIC in connection with
business or employment if they don't
carry passengers or property for
compensation or hire.
*can not pay less than the pro rata
share of operating expenses of a
flight with passengers (expenses
include fuel oil airport expenditures
or rental fees).
*act as PIC of a charitable, nonprofit,
or community event flight.
*may be reimbursed for operating
expenses if related to search and
location operations.
*may demonstrate an aircraft for a
prospective buyer.
*can act as PIC of an aircraft towing
a glider or unpowered ultralight
vehicle if they meet the requirements.
*act as PIC for a production flight
test in a light-sport aircraft.
3. To act as a required *Pilot Certificate
flight crewmember of *Photo ID
a civil aircraft what *Medical Certificate
must a pilot have?
4. What is a high *more than 200 horsepower
performance aircraft *ground & flight time & endorsement
and what do you have
to do to be PIC?
5. what other types (not *high-altitude (pressurized airplane
high-performance and with a service ceiling or max
complex) require operating altitude above 25000 feet
training and msl)
endorsements? *tailwheel
6. definition of a complex
airplane?
7. with respect to certification.
privileges and limitations of
airmen, define category,
class, and type.
8. requirements to remain
current?
9. what medical certificate is
required?
10. how long do you have to
notify the FAA of a change
in your permanent mailing
address?
11. Documents required on
board an aircraft prior to
flight?
12. how to tell if it has a Mode
C?
13. Does aircraft registration
certificate have an
expiration date?
14. Who is responsible for
ensuring that an aircraft is
maintained in an airworthy
condition?
15. Who is responsible for
determining that an aircraft
is in an airworthy condition?
16. What records and
documents should be
checked to determine that
the owner has complied
with all required inspections
and ADs?
retractable landing gear, flaps,
and a controllable pitch
propeller. including airplanes
equipped with a full-authority
digital engine control (FADEC)
*category- airplane, rotocraft,
glider
*class- single-engine land,
multi-engine land
*type- DC-9, B-737, C-150
*bi-annual flight review (24
calendar months)
*to carry passengers- within
90 days make 3 takeoffs and
landings, to a full stop in a
tailwheel and at night
Third-class medical
*valid for 60 calendar months
if you are under 40, 24
calendar months if you are
over 40
30 days
*AROW
*Airworthiness Certificate
*Registration Certificate
*Owner's manual or operating
limitations
*Weight and Balance
found in weight and balance
Yes, as of October 1, 2010
they will expire in 3 years.
Owner or operator
PIC
*maintenance records
17. What regulations an appropriately rated pilot with at 22. What The use of an MEL for a small, non-turbine-
apply concerning least a private pilot certificate must: limitations powered airplane operated under Part 91
the operation of *fly the aircraft apply to allows for the deferral of inoperative items or
an aircraft that has *make an operational check of the aircraft equipment. The FAA considers an approved
alterations or maintenance performed or alteration operations MEL to be a supplemental type certificate
repairs which may made being (STC) issued to an aircraft by serial number
have substantially *logs the flight in the aircraft records conducted and registration number. Once an operator
affected its using MELs? requests an MEL, and a Letter of
operation in flight? Authorization (LOA) is issued by the FAA,
then the MEL becomes mandatory for that
18. What is an An Airworthiness Certificate is issued
airplane. All maintenance deferrals must be
Airworthiness by the FAA after the aircraft has been
done in accordance with the MEL and the
Certificate and inspected to meet the requirements of
operator-generated procedures document.
how long does it 14 CFR Part 21 and is in a condition for
remain valid? safe operation. 23. What are the The pilot determines whether the inoperative
*remains in effect as long as the aircraft procedures equipment is required by type design, the
receives the required maintenance and to follow regulations, or ADs. If the inoperative item is
is properly registered in the US when using not required, and the airplane can be safely
14 CFR operated without it, the deferral may be
19. Can a pilot Yes under specific conditions
§91.213(d) for made. Then the pilot removes or deactivates
conduct flight *Minimum equipment list
deferral of the inoperative item, and places an
operations in an *14 CFR 91.213(d)(without a MEL) or (a)
inoperative INOPERATIVE placard near the appropriate
aircraft with known (with a MEL)
equipment switch, control, or indicator.
inoperative
equipment? 24. What are the a. Annual inspection — within the preceding
required 12 calendar months
20. What are minimum precise listing of instruments,
maintenance b. 100-hour inspection — if carrying any
equipment lists? equipment and procedures that allows
inspections person (other than a crewmember) for hire or
an aircraft to be operated under
for aircraft? giving flight instruction for hire.
specific inoperative equipment.
If an aircraft is operated for hire it must have
21. What limitations When inoperative equipment is found a 100-hour inspection as well as an annual
apply to aircraft during preflight or prior to departure, inspection when due. If not operated for hire,
operations the decision should be to cancel the it must have an annual inspection only.
conducted using flight, obtain maintenance prior to
25. If an aircraft The 100-hour limitation may be exceeded by
the deferral flight, or to defer the item or
has been on not more than 10 hours while en route to a
provision of 14 equipment. Maintenance deferrals are
a schedule of place where the inspection can be done. The
CFR 91.213(d)? not used for inflight discrepancies. The
inspection excess time used to reach a place where the
manufacturer's AFM/POH procedures
every 100 inspection can be done must be included in
are to be used in those situations
hours, under computing the next 100 hours of time in
what service.
condition
may it
continue to
operate
beyond the
100 hours
without a
new
inspection?
26. What is the No differences exist when comparing 28. What are Aircraft owners must:
difference the content of an annual inspection with some of the
between an that of a 100-hour inspection. The responsibilities a. Have a current Airworthiness Certificate
annual inspection difference is who is allowed to perform an aircraft and Aircraft Registration in the aircraft.
and a 100-hour these inspections. Only an A&P owner has
inspection? mechanic with an Inspection pertaining to b. Maintain the aircraft in an airworthy
Authorization can perform an annual aircraft condition including compliance with all
inspection. 100-hour inspections may be documents, applicable Airworthiness Directives.
performed by any A&P mechanic (no IA maintenance c. Ensure maintenance is properly recorded.
required). and
inspections of d. Keep abreast of current regulations
27. Be capable of A Annual inspection and applicable
their aircraft? concerning the operation of that aircraft.
locating the ADs complied with, every 12 calendar
required months (14 CFR 91.409)
e. Notify the FAA Civil Aviation Registry
maintenance and
immediately of any change of permanent
equipment V VOR check, if used for IFR, every 30
mailing address, or of the sale or export of
inspections for days (14 CFR 91.171)
the aircraft, or of the loss of citizenship.
your aircraft in the
aircraft and 1 100-hour inspection, if used for hire or
f. Have a current FCC radio station license if
engine logbooks. flight instruction (14 CFR 91.409)
equipped with radios, including emergency
What should these A Altimeter, altitude reporting
locator transmitter (ELT), if operated outside
include? equipment, and static pressure systems
of the United States.
tested and inspected (for IFR ops),
every 24 calendar months (14 CFR 29. Define "Preventive maintenance" means simple or
91.411) "preventive minor preservation operations and the
maintenance." replacement of small standard parts not
T Transponder tests and inspections, involving complex assembly operations.
every 24 calendar months (14 CFR Certificated pilots, excluding student pilots,
91.413) sport pilots, and recreational pilots, may
perform preventive maintenance on any
E Emergency locator transmitter, aircraft that is owned or operated by them
operation and battery condition provided that aircraft is not used in air
inspected every 12 calendar months (14 carrier service. 14 CFR Part 43 identifies
CFR 91.207) typical preventive maintenance operations
which include such basic items as oil
changes, wheel bearing lubrication,
hydraulic fluid (brakes, landing gear system)
refills.
30. What are A Special Flight Permit may be issued for an 33. Are electronic Yes; EFBs can be used during all phases of
"Special aircraft that may not currently meet flight bags flight operations in lieu of paper reference
Flight applicable airworthiness requirements but is (EFBs) material when the information displayed is
Permits," and capable of safe flight. These permits are approved for the functional equivalent of the paper
when are typically issued for the following purposes: use as a reference material replaced and is current,
they replacement up-to-date, and valid. It is recommended
necessary? a. Flying an aircraft to a base where repairs, for paper that a secondary or back-up source of
alterations or maintenance are to be reference aeronautical information necessary for the
performed, or to a point of storage. material (POH flight be available.
&
b. Delivering or exporting an aircraft. supplements,
etc.) in the
c. Production flight testing new-production cockpit?
aircraft.
34. State the Low Pressure — inward, upward, and
general counterclockwise
d. Evacuating aircraft from areas of
characteristics
impending danger.
in regard to High Pressure — outward, downward, and
the flow of air clockwise
e. Conducting customer demonstration
around high
flights in new-production aircraft that have
and low
satisfactorily completed production flight
pressure
tests.
systems in the
31. How are If a special flight permit is needed, Northern
"Special assistance and the necessary forms may be Hemisphere.
Flight obtained from the local FSDO or Designated
35. What is a A trough (also called a trough line) is an
Permits" Airworthiness Representative (DAR).
"trough"? elongated area of relatively low
obtained?
atmospheric pressure. At the surface when
32. What are An AD is the medium the FAA uses to notify air converges into a low, it cannot go
"Airworthiness aircraft owners and other potentially outward against the pressure gradient, nor
Directives" interested persons of unsafe conditions that can it go downward into the ground; it must
(ADs)? may exist because of design defects, go upward. Therefore, a low or trough is an
maintenance, or other causes, and to specify area of rising air. Rising air is conducive to
the conditions under which the product may cloudiness and precipitation; hence the
continue to be operated. ADs are regulatory general association of low pressure and bad
in nature, and compliance is mandatory. It is weather.
the aircraft owner's or operator's
36. What is a A ridge (also called a ridge line) is an
responsibility to ensure compliance with all
"ridge"? elongated area of relatively high
pertinent ADs. ADs are divided into two
atmospheric pressure. Air moving out of a
categories: Those of an emergency nature
high or ridge depletes the quantity of air;
requiring immediate compliance prior to
therefore, these are areas of descending air.
further flight and those of a less urgent
Descending air favors dissipation of
nature requiring compliance within a
cloudiness; hence the association of high
specified period of time. All ADs and the AD
pressure and good weather.
Biweekly are free on the Internet at
http://rgl.faa.gov. 37. What are the 15°C and 29.92" Hg
standard
temperature
and pressure
values for sea
level?
38. What are An isobar is a line on a weather chart which
"isobars"? connects areas of equal or constant
barometric pressure.
39. If the isobars are The spacing of isobars on these charts 46. How do you Unstable air is indicated when temperature
relatively close defines how steep or shallow a pressure determine the decreases uniformly and rapidly as you
together on a gradient is. When isobars are spaced stability of the climb (approaching 3°C per 1,000 feet). If
surface weather very close together, a steep pressure atmosphere? temperature remains unchanged or
chart or a gradient exists which indicates higher decreases only slightly with altitude, the air
constant pressure wind speeds. A shallow pressure tends to be stable. Instability is likely when
chart, what gradient (isobars not close together) air near the surface is warm and moist.
information will usually means wind speeds will be less. Surface heating, cooling aloft, converging
this provide? or upslope winds, or an invading mass of
colder air may lead to instability and
40. What causes the The Coriolis force.
cumuliform clouds.
winds aloft to
flow parallel to 47. List the effects Stable Unstable
the isobars? of stable and Clouds Stratiform Cumuliform
unstable air on Turbulence Smooth Rough
41. Why do surface Surface friction.
clouds, Precipitation Steady Showery
winds generally
turbulence, Visibility Fair to Poor Good
flow across the
precipitation
isobars at an
and visibility
angle?
48. At what You can estimate the height of cumuliform
42. At what rate does 1" Hg per 1,000 feet.
altitude above cloud bases using surface
atmospheric
the surface temperature/dewpoint spread. Unsaturated
pressure
would the pilot air in a convective current cools at about
decrease with an
expect the 5.4°F (3.0°C) per 1,000 feet; dew point
increase in
bases of decreases at about 1°F (5/9°C). Thus, in a
altitude?
cumuliform convective current, temperature and dew
43. What does "dew Dew point is the temperature to which a clouds if the point converge at about 4.4°F (2.5°C) per
point" mean? sample of air must be cooled to attain surface 1,000 feet. You can get a quick estimate of a
the state of saturation. temperature is convective cloud base in thousands of feet
44. When Visible moisture in the form of clouds, 82° and the by rounding the values and dividing into
temperature and dew, or fog. Also, these are ideal dew point is the spread. When using Fahrenheit, divide
dew point are conditions for carburetor icing. 62°? by 4 and multiply by 1,000. This method of
close together estimating is reliable only with instability,
(within 5°), what clouds and during the warmer part of the
type of weather day.
is likely? 49. During your a. Location of fronts — A front's location,
45. What factor The stability of the atmosphere. preflight type, speed, and direction of movement.
primarily planning, what
determines the type of b. Cloud layers — The location of cloud
type and vertical meteorological bases and tops, which is valuable when
extent of clouds? information determining if you will be able to climb
should you be above icing layers or descend beneath
aware of with those layers into warmer air; reference
respect to PIREPs and area forecasts.
icing?
c. Freezing level(s) — Important when
determining how to avoid icing and how to
exit icing conditions if accidentally
encountered.

d. Air temperature and pressure — Icing

tends to be found in low-pressure areas
and at temperatures at or around freezing.
50. What is the The freezing level is the lowest altitude in the atmosphere over a given location at which the air temperature
definition of the reaches 0°C. It is possible to have multiple freezing layers when a temperature inversion occurs above the
term freezing defined freezing level. A pilot can use current icing products (CIP) and forecast icing products (FIP), as well as
level and how the freezing level graphics chart to determine the approximate freezing level. Other potential sources of icing
can you information are: area forecasts, PIREPs, AIRMETs, SIGMETs, surface analysis charts, low-level significant weather
determine where charts, and winds and temperatures aloft (for air temperature at altitude).
that level is?
51. What conditions Visible moisture and below freezing temperatures at the point moisture strikes the aircraft.
are necessary
for structural
icing to occur?