1521 Ferdinand Magellan lands on Homonhon with three small ships,

named the Concepcion, Trinidad and Victoria. Magellan calls the

March 16 [11][12][13]
place the Archipelago de San Lazaro since March 16 is the feast
day of Saint Lazarus

March 28 Magellan reaches the Philippines [11][12]

Blood Compact between Magellan and Rajah Kulambo of

March 29 [11][12]
Limasawa

March 31 The first mass on Philippine soil is celebrated. [12][14][15]

Magellan meets Rajah Humabon of Cebu and enters into another

[11][12]
April 7 Blood Compact. Humabon and his wife are baptized into
the Catholic Church.

April 27 Magellan is killed by Lapu-Lapu in the battle of Mactan. [11][12]

Spain sends an expedition under Juan Garcia Jofre de Loaysa to

1525 [12]
the Philippines. The Loaysa Expedition failed

Spain sends another expedition under Juan Cabot to the

1526 [12]
Philippines. The Cabot Expedition also failed

Spain sends a fourth expedition under Alvaro de Saavedra to the

1527 [12]
Philippines.

Saavedra's expedition returns to Spain without Saavedra who [12]

1529
died on the way home.

The Loaysa expedition returns to Spain. One of its survivors is

1536 [12]
Andres de Urdaneta, its chronicler.

1543 Spain sends a fifth expedition under Ruy López de Villalobos to [12]
the Philippines. The Expedition succeeds.
 Villalobos arrives in the Philippines and names the islands
February [12]
of Samar and Leyte as Las Islas Filipinas in honor of the crown
2
prince of Spain, Philip of Asturias

1565 February Miguel López de Legazpi arrives in the Philippines with four ships [12][16]
13 and 380 men

Legazpi established the first permanent Spanish settlement in the

May 8 [12][16]
country

Legazpi, representing King Philip II of Spain, and Rajah

June 4 Tupas of Cebu signed the Treaty of Cebu, effectively establishing
Spanish suzerainty over Cebu.

Philippines was governed as a territory of the Viceroyalty of New

Spain.

[17][18][19][20][21]
1567 Dagami Revolt (1567)

The Portuguese, under the command of General Gonzalo de

1568
Pereira, attack Cebu and blockade its port.

1570 The Portuguese again attack the colony and are repulsed.

Legazpi sends an expedition under the leadership of Martin de

May [16]
Goiti to Manila.

Legazpi establishes municipality of Cebu and names it “Villa del

January 1 Santisimo Nombre de Jesus” (Town of the Most Holy Name of [22]

Jesus).
1571

The ruler of Manila, Rajah Suliman, wages war against the

May 19
Spaniards
 Legazpi establishes the Spanish Colonial Government in Manila [16]
June 24
and proclaims it the capital of the colony

Legazpi dies and Guido de Lavezaris succeeds him as Governor-

1572 August 20 [16][23]
General (1572–1575)

1574 November
The Chinese pirate captain Limahong attacks Manila but fails
23

December Limahong again attacks Manila with 1500 soldiers but again fails
2 to defeat the Spaniards

December Lakandula leads a short revolt against the Spanish. [17][18][19][20][21]

1575 Ciudad de Nueva Cáceres (later renamed as Naga City)

established by Captain Pedro de Sanchez

[23]
August 25 Francisco de Sande appointed Governor-General (1575–1580)

1579 Diocese of Manila established [24][25]

1580 Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñaloza appointed Governor-General [23]

April
(1580–1583)

King Philip II of Spain becomes King of Portugal, ending the

Portuguese harassment of the Philippines

The Spaniards institute forced labor on all male natives aged 16 to

60.

1582 Battles take place between Spanish forces and Japanese Ronin

[23]
1583 March 10 Diego Ronquillo appointed Governor-General (1583–1584)
 August A great fire destroys Manila. [26]

1584 May 16 Santiago de Vera appointed Governor-General (1584–1590) [23]

1585 Pampangos Revolt (1585) [17][18][19][20][21]

1586 The construction of San Agustin Church in Intramuros.

[17][18][19][20][21]
1587 Conspiracy of the Maharlikas (1587–1588)

[17][18][19][20][21]
1589 Revolts Against the Tribute (1589)

1590 Missionaries from the Society of Jesus established the Colegio de [3][27][28]
Manila in Intramuros.

Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas appointed Governor-General (1590–

June 1 [23]
1593)

1592 Miguel de Benavides's Doctrina Christiana in Chinese published

1593 Doctrina Christiana in Spanish and Tagalog is published in the [29][30]

first printing press said to be established by Dominicans.

[23]
October Pedro de Rojas appointed Governor-General (1593)

December
Luis Pérez Dasmariñas appointed Governor-General (1593–1596) [23]
3

1595 Diocese of Manila raised to an Archbishopric [24][25]

Diocese of Nueva Segovia established. [24][25]

 Diocese of Caceres established. [24][25]

Diocese of Cebu established. [24][25]

Colegio de San Ildefonso founded in Cebu

[17][18][19][20][21]
1596 Magalat Revolt (1596)

Francisco de Tello de Guzmán appointed Governor-General

July 14 [23]
(1596–1602)

Colegio de Santa Potenciana, the first school for girls in the

1598 [27][31][32][33]
Philippines, established

1600 Pedro Bucaneg inscribes the oral epic Biag ni Lam-ang

Territorial extent of the Bruneian Empire.

Lapu-Lapu, the King of Mactan island in Cebu.

 

Ferdinand Magellan.

The Blood Compactbetween Datu Sikatunaand Spaniards fleet.

The Battle of Mactan.

The San Agustin Church, the oldest catholic church in the Philippines.

The Doctrina Christianawas an early book of Roman Catholic Catechism, written in 1593 by Fray Juan
de Plasencia, and is believed to be one of the earliest printed books in the Philippines.
 

Pedro Bucaneg written the epic poem of Biag ni Lam-ang.

17th century
Year Date Event Source

1600 The Dutch attacks the archipelago in a

tactical offensive during the European
war between Spain and the
Netherlands

Bandala System is formed by the

Spanish Colonial Government

The Galleon trade between Manila and

Acapulco, Mexico begins.

1601 Igorot Revolt (1601). [17][18][19][20][21]

[27][34][35][36]
August 1 Colegio de San Jose is established

[17][18][19][20][21]
1602 Chinese revolt of 1602

Pedro Bravo de
May Acuña appointed Governor-General [23]

(1602–1606).

Cristóbal Téllez de
1606 June 24 Almanza appointed Governor-General [23]

(1606–1608) by the Audiencia Real.

 Rodrigo de Vivero y
[23]
1608 June 15 Velasco appointed Governor-General
(1608–1609).

Juan de Silva appointed Governor- [23]

1609 April
General (1609–1616).

University of Santo Tomas established

as the Colegio de Nuestra Señora del [27][37][38]
1611 April 28
Santísimo Rosario (later renamed the
Colegio de Santo Tomas).

Andrés Alcaraz appointed Governor-

1616 April 19 General (1616–1618) by the Audiencia [23]

Real.

Alonso Fajardo de
1618 July 3 Entenza appointed Governor-General [23]

(1618–1624).

University of Santo Tomas, then known

as Colegio de Nuestra Señora del [37][38]
1619
Santissimo Rosario, recognized by
the Holy See.

Colegio de San Juan de

1620 Letran established as the Colegio de [27][39][40][41]

Huerfanos de San Pedro y San Pablo.

1621 The Colegio de Manila raised to the

status of a University and renamed as [3][27]
the Universidad de San
Ignacio by Pope Gregory XV.

Tamblot Revolt (1621–1622) [17][18][19][20][21]

Bankaw Revolt (1621–1622) [17][18][19][20][21]

1624 Jeronimo de Silva appointed Governor-
[23]
July General (1624–1625) by the Audiencia
Real.

Fernando de
July Silva appointed Governor-General [23]

(1624–1626).

1625 Isneg Revolt (1625–1627) [17][18][19][20][21]

Juan Niño de
1626 June 29 Tabora appointed Governor-General [23]

(1626–1632).

University of Santo Tomas, then

1627 Colegio de Santo Tomas, authorized to [37][38]

confer degrees by Pope Urban VIII.

1632 Lorenzo de Olaza appointed Governor-

July 22 General (1632–1633) by the Audiencia [23]

Real.

[27][42][43]
Colegio de Santa Isabel established

Juan Cerezo de
1633 August 29 Salamanca appointed Governor- [23]

General (1632–1635).

Sebastián Hurtado de
1635 June 25 Corcuera appointed Governor-General [23]

(1635–1644).

Sucesos Felices is published by Tomas

1637 [29]
Pinpin; first newsletter in the country.

1639 Cagayan Revolt (1639) [17][18][19][20][21]

 Universidad de San Felipe de
[27][44]
1640 Austria established as the first Public
University in the Philippines

1643 Universidad de San Felipe de [27][44]

Austria closed down

[17][18][19][20][21]
Ladia Revolt (1643)

Diego Fajardo
1644 August 11 Chacón appointed Governor-General [23]

(1644–1653).

1645 The Colegio de Santo Tomas raised to

the status of a university and renamed
as University of Santo Tomas by Pope [37][38]

Innocent X, upon the request of

King Philip IV of Spain.

Zambales Revolt (1645) [17][18][19][20][21]

Pampanga Revolt (1645) [17][18][19][20][21]

Dutch besieged the Spanish in

1647
the Battle of Puerto de Cavite.

1649 Sumuroy Revolt (1649–50) [17][18][19][20][21]

Pintados Revolt (1649–50) [17][18][19][20][21]

Sabiniano Manrique de
[23]
1653 July 25 Lara appointed Governor-General
(1653–1663).

1660 Zambal Revolt (1660) [17][18][19][20][21]

 Maniago Revolt (1660) [17][18][19][20][21]

[17][18][19][20][21]
December 15 Malong Revolt (1660–1661) [45]

1661 Ilocano Revolt (1661) [17][18][19][20][21]

1662 Chinese revolt of 1662 [17][18][19][20][21]

1663 Diego de Salcedo appointed Governor-

September 8 [23]
General (1663–1668).

Tapar Revolt (1663) [17][18][19][20][21]

Juan Manuel de la Peña

1668 September 28 Bonifaz appointed Governor-General [23]

(1668–1669).

Manuel de León appointed Governor- [23]

1669 September 24
General (1669–1677).

1677 Francisco Coloma appointed Governor- [23]

General (1677) by the Audiencia Real.

September 21
Francisco Sotomayor y Mansilla
appointed Governor-General (1677– [23]

1678) by the Audiencia Real.

Juan de Vargas y Hurtado

1678 September 28 appointed Governor-General (1678– [23]

1684).

University of Santo Tomas placed

1680 May 12 under Royal Patronage by [37][38]

King Charles II of Spain.

1681 Sambal Revolt (1681–1683) [17][18][19][20][21]

Gabriel de Curuzealegui y Arriola

[23]
1684 August 24 appointed Governor-General (1684–
1689).

1686 The construction of Paoay

Church in Ilocos Norte.

Tingco plot (1686)

Alonso de Avila Fuertes

1689 April appointed Governor-General (1689– [23]

1690) by the Audiencia Real

Fausto Cruzat y
1690 July 25 Gongora appointed Governor-General [23]

(1690–1701).

The UST, The oldest university in Asia.

The Manila-AcapulcoGalleon Memorial at Plaza Mexico in Intramuros, Manila.

 

The Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte.

18th century
Year Date Event Source

Domingo Zabálburu de Echevarri

1701 December 8 [23]
appointed Governor-General (1701–1709).

Martín de Urzua y
1709 August 25 Arismendi appointed Governor-General (1709– [23]

1715).

Jose Torralba appointed Governor-General [23]

1715 February 4
(1715–1717) by the Audiencia Real.

Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y

[23]
1717 August 9 Rueda appointed Governor-General (1717–
1719).

1718 Rivera Revolt (1718) [17][18][19][20][21]

1719 Archbishop Francisco de la Cuesta of Manila

October 11 becomes acting Governor-General (1719– [23]

1721).

Caragay Revolt (1719) [17][18][19][20][21]

Toribio José Cosio y Campo

1721 August 6 [23]
appointed Governor-General (1721–1729).
 Colegio de San Jose conferred with the
1722
title Royal.

Fernándo Valdés y Tamon

1729 August 14 [23]
appointed Governor-General (1729–1739).

Gaspar de la Torre appointed Governor- [23]

1739 July
General (1739–1745).

1744 Dagohoy Rebellion (1744–1829)

1745 Archbishop Juan Arrechederra of Manila

September 21 becomes acting Governor-General (1745– [23]

1750).

[17][18][19][20][21]
Agrarian Revolt (1745–1746)

Jose Francisco de Obando y Solis [23]

1750 July 20
appointed Governor-General (1750–1754).

1754 Mt Taal emits magma and destroys the towns

May 15
of Lipa, Sala, Tanauan and Talisay.

Pedro Manuel de Arandia

July 26 Santisteban appointed Governor-General [23]

(1754–1759).

Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta appointed Governor- [23]

1759 June
General (1759–1761).

Archbishop Manuel Rojo del Rio y

[23]
1761 July Vieyra of Manila appointed Governor-General
(1761–1762).

1762 Palaris Revolt (1762–1765)

 Camarines Revolt (1762–1764)

Cebu Revolt (1762–1764)

British forces looted and plundered many of

Manila establishments through the so-called
Rape of Manila.

British fleet entered seizes Manila Bay as part

September 22
of the Seven Years' War

Manila fell under the British rule; start of

October 5
the British occupation.

Simón de Anda y Salazar appointed Governor-

General (1762-17614) by the Real Audiencia.
October 6 Provisional Government established [23]

in Bacolor, Pampanga with de Anda as

dictator.

The British East India

Company commissioned The Rt
November 2 [23]
Hon. Dawsonne Drake became the first British
governor-general of the Philippines until 1764.

November 14 Silang Revolt (1762–63) [46]

1763 Dabo and Marayac Revolt (1763)

Isabela Revolt (1763).

Treaty of Paris implicitly

February 10
returns Manila to Spain.
 [46]
May 28 Death of Diego Silang [verification needed]

Execution of Gabriela Silang, the [46]

September
only Filipina to have led a revolt

1764 de Anda hands over the control of the colonial

government to Francisco Javier de la Torre, [23]
March 17
newly appointed Governor-General (1764–
1765)

The last of the British ships that sailed to

June 11 Manila leaves the Philippines for India, ending
the British occupation.

1765 Royal Fiscal of Manila Don Francisco Léandro

de Viana writes the famous letter to King
Charles III of Spain, later called as "Viana
Memorial of 1765". The document advised the
February 10
king to abandon the colony due to the
economic and social devastation created by
the Seven Years' War. The suggestion was not
heeded.

José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez

July 6 [23]
appointed Governor-General (1765–1770)

Governor Raon orders the minting of

parallelogramic-shaped coins called barrillas, [23]

the first coined minted in the Philippines.

The Society of Jesus in the Philippines is

expelled by Raón after receiving a dated later
from Charles III's chief minister Don Pedro
1769 July 23
Pablo Abarca de Bolea on March 1, 1767. The
Jesuit's Properties are confiscated by the
Spanish Colonial Government
 Simón de Anda y Salazar appointed Governor- [23]
1770 July
General (1770–1776)

Moro pirates traveled all over the country and

1771 raids many fishing villages in Manila
Bay, Mariveles, Parañaque, Pasay and Malate.

Parishes secularized by order of King Charles

1774 November 9
III of Spain.

Pedro de Sarrio appointed Governor-General [23]

1776 October 30
(1776–1778)

José Basco y Vargas appointed Governor-

1778 July [23]
General (1778–1787)

Real Sociedad Economica de los Amigos del

Pais de Filipinas (Royal Economic Society of
Friends of the Philippines) introduced in the
1780 Philippines to offer local and foreign
scholarships and professorships to Filipinos,
and financed trips of scientists from Spain to
the Philippines

Bishop Mateo Joaquin de Arevalo of Cebu

establishes the Colegio-Seminario de San
Carlos (later renamed as the University of San
1783 Carlos) from the old building of the
defunct Colegio de San Ildefonso, which was
closed down in 1769 after the suppression of
the Jesuits.

1785 Lagutao Revolt (1785).

University of Santo Tomas granted Royal Title [37][38]

May 20
by King Charles III of Spain.
 Pedro de Sarrio appointed Governor-General [23]
1787 September 22
(1787–1788)

1788 Ilocos Norte Revolt (1788).

Birth of the
April 2 greatest Tagalog poet from Bulacan Francisco
"Balagtas" Baltazar.

Félix Berenguer de
July 1 Marquina appointed Governor-General (1788– [23]

1793)

[47]
1792 January 18 Establishment of Santa Rosa, Laguna

Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León

1793 September 1 [23]
appointed Governor-General (1793–1806)

Francisco Baltazar, A Poet and the author of the novel Florante at Laura.

the IHS logo Society of Jesus .

19th century
Yea Sourc
Date Event
r e

180
Nueva Vizcaya Revolt (1805)
5

180 Mariano Fernández de Folgueras appointed Governor-General [23]

August 7
6 (1806–1810)

180
Ambaristo Revolt (1807)
7

180 French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte installs his brother Joseph

May
8 Bonaparte as King of Spain.

180 January King Joseph Bonaparte gives Filipinos Spanish Citizenship and
9 22 grants the colony representation in the Spanish Cortes

181 Manuel Gonzalez de Aguilar appointed Governor-General (1806–

March 4 [23]
0 1813)

Del Superior Govierno is established in Manila by Gov.

181
Gen. Fernandez de Folgueras; the country's first newspaper lasted [29][48]
1
six months.

181 March 19 The Spanish Cortes promulgates the Cadiz Constitution

2

The first Philippine delegates to the Spanish Cortes, Pedro Perez de

Septembe
Tagle and Jose Manuel Coretto take their oath of office in Madrid,
r 24
Spain.

181 March 17 The Cadiz Constitution implemented in Manila.

3

Septembe [23]
José Gardoqui Jaraveitia appointed Governor-General (1806–1816)
r4
 October
Napoleon is defeated in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig
16

British General Duke of Wellington drives the Napoleonic forces out

October
of Spain

Ferdinand VII proclaimed as King of Spain; Conservatives return to

the Spanish Cortes
181
4
February
Mt. Mayon erupts, affecting Albay and leaving 1,200 dead. [49]
1

181 June 18 Napoleon is defeated in Waterloo

5

October
Napoleon is exiled in St. Helena's Island
15

181 Cadiz Constitution is rejected by the conservative government and

6 Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes is abolished

Decembe Mariano Fernández de Folgueras appointed Governor-General [23]

r 10 (1816–1822)

181 February Old Ilocos split into the new provinces of Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur, [50]
8 2 by a Royal Decree.

182 October
Juan Antonio Martinez appointed Governor-General (1822–1825) [23]
2 30

182 October Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca appointed Governor-General [23]

5 14 (1825–1830)

182
Earthquake strikes Manila destroying many of its buildings
8
183 Decembe [23]
Pascual Enrile y Alcedo appointed Governor-General (1830–1835)
0 r 23

Manila is opened to the world market

[23]
183 March 1 Gabriel de Torres appointed Governor-General (1835)
5

April 23 Joaquín de Crámer appointed Governor-General (1835) [23]

Septembe Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona appointed Governor-General [23]

r9 (1835)

Chamber of Commerce is formed

[23]
183 August 27 Andrés García Camba appointed Governor-General (1837–1838)
7

Manila is made an open port.

183 Decembe [23]

Luis Lardizábal appointed Governor-General (1838–1841)
8 r 29

Florante at Laura is published.

184 February Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri appointed Governor-General (1841– [23]

1 14 1843)

Novembe
Apolinario Dela Cruz better known as Hermano Pule was executed.
r4

184 Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre appointed Governor-General

June 17 [23]
3 (1843–1844)
184 [23]
July 16 Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa appointed Governor-General (1844–1849)
4

184 Decembe La Esperanza is established by Miguel Sanchez; the country's first [29][48]
6 r1 daily newspaper lasted three years.

184 [29][48]
Diario de Manila, best edited newspaper, is published (1848–1899).
8

184 Decembe
Antonio María Blanco appointed Governor-General (1849–1850) [23]
9 r 26

185 Antonio de Urbistondo y Eguía appointed Governor-General (1850–

July 29 [23]
0 1853)

185 Decembe
Glowing avalanche from Mt Hibok-Hibok.
2 r4

185 Decembe Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1853– [23]

3 r 20 1854)

185 February
Manuel Pavía y Lacy appointed Governor-General (1854) [23]
4 2

October
Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1854) [23]
28

Novembe [23]
Manuel Crespo y Cebrían appointed Governor-General (1854)
r 20

185 Decembe Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1856– [23]

6 r5 1857)

185 January Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero appointed Governor-General [23]

7 12 (1857–1860)
185 Jesuits return to the Philippines
9

Jesuits takes over the Escuela Municipal and establishes the Ateneo
Municipal

186 January [23]

Ramón María Solano y Llanderal appointed Governor-General (1860)
0 12

August 29 Juan Herrera Davila appointed Governor-General (1860–1861) [23]

186 February José Lemery e Ibarrola Ney y González appointed Governor-General [23]
1 2 (1861–1862)

June 19 Birth of Jose Rizal, one of the country' national heroes [51]

Escuela de Artes Y Oficios de Bacolor established as Asia's

oldest vocational school.

El Pasig is published, a bilingual fortnightly paper, one of the first [29]

native newspapers.

186
July 7 Salvador Valdés appointed Governor-General (1862) [23]
2

Rafaél de Echagüe y Bermingham appointed Governor-General

July 9 [23]
(1862–1865)

186 June 3 An earthquake leaves Manila in ruins

3

Novembe
Andres Bonifacio, founder of the Katipunan, was born.
r 30

186
July 23 Apolinario Mabini, the Brains of the Revolution, was born.
4
186 University of Santo Tomas made the center for public instruction
[37][38]
5 throughout the Philippines by royal decree of Queen Isabella II of
Spain.

Observatorio Meteorológico del Ateneo Municipal de Manila (Manila

Observatory) established by the Jesuits

[23]
March 24 Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1862–1865)

[23]
April 25 Juan de Lara e Irigoyen appointed Governor-General (1862–1865)

[23]
186 July 13 José Laureano de Sanz y Posse appointed Governor-General (1866)
6

Septembe [23]
Juan Antonio Osorio appointed Governor-General (1866)
r 21

Septembe
Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1866) [23]
r 27

October José de la Gándara y Navarro appointed Governor-General (1866– [23]

26 1869)

Colegio de Santa Isabel established in Naga by Bishop Francisco

186
Gainza, OP of Nueva Caceres, through the royal decree of
7
Queen Isabella II of Spain.

186 Novembe
Suez Canal opened
9 r 17

Colegio de Santa Isabel inaugurated as the first Normal School in

Southeast Asia

June 7 Manuel Maldonado appointed Governor-General (1869) [23]

 Carlos María de la Torre y Navacerrada appointed Governor-General [23]
June 23
(1869–1871)

187 The Gabinete de Fisica of the University of Santo Tomas established [37][38]
1 as the first Museum in the Philippines.

The Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Santo

[37][38]
Tomas is established as the first school of Medicine and Pharmacy in
the Philippines.

Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutíerrez appointed Governor-General (1871– [23]

April 4
1873)

187 January
200 Filipinos, mostly soldiers, stage a mutiny in Cavite. [47]
2 20

Priests Mariano Gomez, José Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto

February
Zamora (together known as Gomburza) are implicated in the Cavite
17
Mutiny and executed.

187 January 8 Manuel MacCrohon appointed Governor-General (1873) [23]

January [23]
Juan Alaminos y Vivar appointed Governor-General (1873–1874)
24

187 Manuel Blanco Valderrama appointed acting Governor-General

March 17 [23]
4 (1874)

June 18 José Malcampo y Monje appointed Governor-General (1874–1877) [23]

187 The Colegio de San Jose incorporated into the Faculty of Medicine [37][38][52][5
3]
5 and Pharmacy of the University of Santo Tomas.

187 February Domingo Moriones y Murillo appointed Governor-General (1877– [23]

7 28 1880)
188 March 20 Rafael Rodríguez Arias appointed Governor-General (1880) [23]

Fernando Primo de Rivera, 1st Marquis of

April 15 [23]
Estella appointed Governor-General (1880–1883)(1st Term)

Manila is connected through telegraphic cable with Europe by

Eastern Telecom.

Two shocks of an earthquake create destruction from Manila to Santa

July 18
Cruz, Luguna. Tremors continue until Aug 6

188 March 3 Jose Rizal leaves for Spain to continue his medical studies
2

June 2 Jose Rizal begins writing the Noli Me Tangere

188 March 10 Emilio Molíns becomes acting Governor-General (1883). (First Term) [23]

April 7 Joaquín Jovellar appointed Governor-General (1883–1885) [23]

188 Required forced labor of 40 days a year is reduced to 15 days by the

4 Spanish Colonial Government.

June 21 Rizal finishes his medical studies in Spain

188 April 1 Emilio Molíns becomes acting Governor-General (1885). (First Term) [23]

April 4 Emilio Terrero y Perinat appointed Governor-General (1885–1888) [23]

February
Establishment of the Audiencia Territorial de Cebu. [54]
26
188
6
May 10 Felix Manalo, founder of Iglesia ni Cristo is born.
188 May 29 Noli Me Tangere published.
7

October Rizal starts writing the El Filibusterismo

The Manila School of Agriculture is established.

[23]
188 March 10 Antonio Molto becomes acting Governor-General (1888)
8

[23]
Federico Lobaton became acting Governor-General (1888)

[23]
Valeriano Wéyler appointed Governor-General (1888–1891)

Decembe
La Solidaridad established
r 10

La Solidaridad is first published in Spain as the Propaganda [29][48]

Movement's organ.
189
9
[29][48]

El Ilocano is established; country's first local newspaper (1889–1896). [clarification

needed]

189 March 28 Rizal finishes writing El Filibusterismo in Biarritz, France

1

El Filibusterismo published in Ghent, Belgium

[23]
Eulogio Despujol appointed Governor-General (1891–1893)

Diariong Tagalog is published; first native daily paper, lasted at least [29]
three months.
189
2
June 26 Rizal arrives in the Philippines from Europe via Hong Kong
 July 3 Rizal forms the La Liga Filipina

Rizal is arrested for establishing the La Liga Filipina

July 7 Andres Bonifacio secretly established the Katipunan.

Rizal is exiled to Dapitan

Septembe
Filipino painter Juan Luna shot dead his wife Paz Pardo De Tavera.
r 23

El Hogar is established; country's first publication for and by women. [29][48]

189
March 10 Federico Ochando becomes acting Governor-General (1893) [23]
3

Ramón Blanco appointed Governor-General (1893–1896) [23]

July 8 Bonifacio forms the Katipunan

189
4
October
Sorsogon province was separated from Albay province. [50]
17

First local (municipal) elections

189
5 Recorded "earliest" day of celebration of independence, when Andres
[55]
April 12 Bonifacio and other Katipuneros go to Pamitinan Cave in Montalban
(now Rodriguez), Rizal to initiate new Katipunan members.

Rizal is recruited as a physician for the Spanish Army in Cuba by

July 1
Governor Ramon Blanco
189
6
August 6 Rizal returns to Manila from Cuba
 Katipunan is discovered by the Spanish authorities. Katipuneros flee [26]
August 19
to Balintawak

Revolution is proclaimed by Bonifacio at the Cry of Balintawak.

August 23
Katipuneros tear up their cedulas

Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto and other Katipuneros board Rizal's

August 26
ship to Barcelona. They offer his rescue but Rizal refused

Revolutionary Battle at San Juan del Monte. Governor Ramon Blanco

proclaims a state of war in
Manila, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Pampanga, Bulacan, Tarlac and N
August 30 ueva Ecija.

Battle of San Juan del Monte took place.

Septembe
Rizal Boards the ship Isla de Panay for Barcelona
r2

Septembe Four members of Katipunan involved in the Battle of San Juan del
r4 Monte, were executed on the Campo de Bagumbayan.

Septembe Thirteen Filipinos were executed in Plaza de Armas in the town of [49]
r 12 Cavite.

October 3 Rizal arrives at Barcelona

October 4 Rizal is imprisoned in Montjuich by order of Capt. Gen. Despujo

October 6 Rizal returns to Manila as a prisoner

October A new group of the Katipunan is formed in Cavite headed by Emilio

31 Aguinaldo
 Novembe [56]
Battle of Binakayan: Filipino forces win against Spanish colonizers.
r 11

Novembe
Rizal arrives in Manila and is incarcerated in Fort Santiago
r 13

Novembe Rizal is interrogated for charges against the Spanish Colonial

r 20 Government

Decembe
Camilo Polavieja becomes acting Governor-General (1896–1897) [23]
r 13

Decembe
Rizal is executed at Bagumbayan. [51][57]
r 30

189 Eleven of the 15 Filipinos of Bicol were executed at

January 4
7 the Luneta in Manila

January
Thirteen La Liga Filipina members are executed at Luneta, Manila. [49]
11

February Katipunan leader Roman Basa and eight members are executed [58]
6 in Bagumbayan.

February
Battle of Zapote Bridge [58]
17

The Katipunan holds its election during Tejeros Convention; said to [59]

March 22 be the first election ever held in country's electoral history. Emilio [verification
needed]
Aguinaldo is elected as president.

March 23 Nineteen Filipinos of Kalibo, Aklan were executed

[23]
April 15 José de Lachambre becomes acting Governor-General (1897)
 April 23 Fernando Primo de Rivera appointed Governor-General (1897–1898) [23]

Katipuneros arrest Andres Bonifacio and his brothers Procopio and

April 29 Ciriaco on orders of Aguinaldo with sedition and treason before a
military court of the Katipunan.

May 8 The Katipunan convicts and sentences Bonifacio brothers to death

Andres Bonifacio and his brothers are executed at Mt.

May 10
Buntis, Maragondon, Cavite.

Aguinaldo establishes a Philippine republican government in Biak-na-

May 31
Bato, San Miguel, Bulacan.

Aguinaldo begins negotiating with the Spaniards colonial government

August 10
in Manila with Pedro Paterno as representative.

August 15 A 7.9 intensity estimated earthquake hits Luzon's northwest coast

Novembe
Constitution of Biak-na-Bato promulgated
r1

Decembe Pact of Biak-na-Bato between Aguinaldo and Governor Primo de

r 14 Rivera signed

Decembe Aguinaldo is self-exiled to Hong Kong following the Pact of Biak-na-

r 27 Bato

The only issue of Kalayaan is published; official organ of [29]

the Katipunan.
189
8
The American Soldier and The Soldier's Letter are published; [29]
first English language newspapers.
 Official Gazette is established by the civil government. [29]

February
The Katipunan is revived by Emilio Jacinto and Feliciano Jocson
8

A revolutionary government in Candon, Ilocos Sur was established by [60]

March 25
Don Isabelo Abaya as he started Cry of Candon.

April 11 Basilio Augustín appointed Governor-General (1898) [23]

April 26 The US declares war on Spain.

May 1 Commodore George Dewey attacks Manila

May 19 Aguinaldo and his companions return to the Philippines from exile

Aguinaldo proclaims a dictatorial government and issues two decrees

May 24
which show his trust and reliance in US protection

Philippine Independence from

[59]
June 12 the Spaniards is declared by Filipino revolutionaries, led by
Pres. Aguinaldo, in Kawit, Cavite.

Aguinaldo changes the dictatorial government to revolutionary

June 23
government.

Aguinaldo creates a cabinet

July 15
The Malolos Congress in established

July 17 US reinforcements and troops arrive in the Philippines.

July 24 Fermín Jáudenes becomes acting Governor-General (1898) [23]

Francisco Rizzo becomes acting Governor-General (1898) [23]

August 13
Wesley Merritt appointed Military Governor (1898) [23]

August 14 The Spanish surrender to the US after at mock battle of Manila

[23]
August 29 Elwell S. Otis appointed Military Governor (1898–1900)

Septembe [23]
Diego de los Ríos becomes acting Governor-General (1898)
r

Septembe
The Malolos Congress meets and elects its officers.
r 29

The Manila Times is founded by Thomas Cowan and publishes its

October
first issue; the country's oldest running broadsheet; its first incarnation [13][29][61]
11
lasted 32 years.

October The American is published by Franklyn Brooks; second English [29]

15 language daily paper.

Republic of Negros is proclaimed by revolutionary movement under

Novembe [56]
Gen. Aniceto Lacson and Gen. Juan Araneta in Bago, Negros
r5
Occidental; its Constitution promulgated, Nov. 7.

Spain and the U.S. sign the Treaty of Paris. Article III provides for [13]
Decembe [verification
the cession of the Philippines to the U.S. by Spain and the payment
r 10 needed]
of 20 million dollars to Spain by the US.

Decembe US President McKinley issues the Benevolent Assimilation

r 21 Proclamation