10/28/2015

ASME UW-3 and UW-12

Weld Category and Weld Joint Efficiency

How to assign it correctly
Presented by: Luis Sanjuan

THE PRESSURE ENVELOPE

ASME UW-3 and UW-12

WELD CATEGORY

WELD TYPE

JOINT EFFICIENCY

WE MUST UNDERSTAND THE MEANINGS OF THESE TERMS

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THE PRESSURE ENVELOPE

We shall discuss thisHOWEVER

situation PARTS MUST BE WELDED TOGETHER
a little later

C
D B
Spherical A Eliptical or
Torispherical

A A A A B A A A

LOCATION OF ANY WELD IS ITS CATEGORY

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Location: Category A THE PRESSURE ENVELOPE

We shall discuss this situation a little later

Notice: the two heads are treated differently

B
Spherical Eliptical or
Torispherical

The reason will be explained later in the presentation 4

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Location: Category A
B
Longitudinal weld in a cylinder, or any weld in a head

As you will learn later, the Category A weld is the most critical category

Ellipse or Spherical
Torispherical

A A A

Location: Category B
C
Circumferential welds – but be careful !

These welds also, remember the spherical head , remember the Category !
This is extremely important ! , more on this topic later !

B B A

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Location: Category C
Similar to Category B, but a different application
In the case of a flange , this is the Category C weld

It also is the same in the case of a flat head or a tubesheet

Location: Category D
C
Similar to Category B, but a different application
In the case of a flange , this is the Category C weld

It also is the same in the case of a flat head or a tubesheet

Do not confuse Category C with Category B

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Location:
Here is theCategory D from ASME Section VIII, Division 1
illustration
This applies to Nozzles installed in any pressure chamber
That covers all the Categories in ASME Section VIII, Division 1

Here
In PVisElite
the the
illustration
meaningfrom
a Category
ASME Section
A and Category
VIII, Division
B is here
1

That is every Category illustrated

As a minimum, Remember Categories A and B

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In PV
We Elite
have tothe meaning
consider a Categoryaspect
an important A and of
Category
the Hemispherical
B is here Head

We shall deal with the Seam or Joint Efficiency later

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We we
No have
come
to consider
to consider
an important
weld Types
aspect
(remembers
of the Hemispherical
Category is LOCATION)
Head

A straight flange or skirt is PROHIBITED, the head is cut back like this
Here is the correct preparation of the head according to ASME

The head ends at the red line, the reason will be explained later in the presentation 12

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Here
No weiscome
a Type
to1consider
joint weld Types (remembers Category is LOCATION)

TYPE refers to the way the joint is made, the METHOD of making the joint

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Here is a Type 2
1 joint

Welded from both sides

OR

Welded from one side with a

removable backing strip

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Here is a Type 3
2 joint

Backing strip that remains in

place (inaccessible)

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Here is a Type 4
3 joint

Welded from one side only

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Here is a Type 5
4 joint

Double fillet weld

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Here is a Type 6
5 joint

Single fillet with plug welds

Whoever dreamed this up needs counselling !

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Here is a Type
Summary 6 joint and Type
of Category

A single fillet weld

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Summary of
Definition of Category
Joint Efficiency
and Type
E
Type = geometry

Category = location

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Definition of Joint Efficiency E

A chain is as strong as its weakest link !

Breaks

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Definition of Joint Efficiency E

Note the similarity

The weld can also be the weakest link

How much faith to we have in a weak link, or the weld. This is a matter
of confidence

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Definition of Joint Efficiency E

Question: How confident are we in the quality of the weld ?

If the weld is weaker than parent metal, we now introduce Joint Efficiency E

STRENGTH OF THE WELD

E=
STRENGTH OF PARENT METAL

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Definition of Joint Efficiency E

STRENGTH OF THE WELD

E=
STRENGTH OF PARENT METAL

If weld is as good as parent metal

E = 1.00

If weld is weaker than parent metal

E = < 1.00

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Definition
This is Table
of UW-12
Joint Efficiency E

Question: How do we determine the quality of the weld

By using Radiography

For a Type 1 weld

Full radiography of joint E = 1.00

Spot radiography of joint E = 0.85

No radiography of joint E = 0.70

Taken from Table UW-12

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This is Table UW-12

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Table UW-12

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Table UW-12

Joint Degree of Radiography

Type
Category (a) Full (b) Spot (c) None
1 A,B,C, & D 1.00 0.85 0.70
2 A,B,C, & D 0.90 0.80 0.65
3 A,B, & C N/A N/A 0.60
Etc.....................

Let us have a Type 2 joint

The above table is abbreviated

The table in the code contains a lot of important information – which must be consulted

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Let Table
us look at Full Radiograph
UW-12

Joint Degree of Radiography

Type
Category (a) Full (b) Spot (c) None
1 A,B,C, & D 1.00 0.85 0.70
2 A,B,C, & D 0.90 0.80 0.65
3 A,B, & C N/A N/A 0.60
Etc.....................

Let us have a Type 2 joint

Subject to Spot radiography

What is the joint efficiency E ?

E = 0,80
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Let us look at Full Radiograph

TYPE 1

To get credit for Full

Suppose thisRadiography of ato
joint is subject Category A weld:
100% radiography

Joint Degree of Radiography

Type
Category (a) Full (b) Spot (c) None
1 A,B,C, & D 1.00 0.85 0.70
2 A,B,C, & D 0.90 0.80 0.65
Is joint efficiency E = 1,00 ?
We do not know at this stage - why ? 30

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Let us look
Consider at setup
this Full Radiograph

TYPE 1

To get credit for Full Radiography of a Category A weld:

UW-11(a)(5)(b) SAYS:
“...Category B or C butt welds …. shall as a minimum , meet the
requirements for spot radiography………..”

Category B welds must be at least spot radiographed

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No X- Ray Consider this setup

Spot

TYPE 1

Do we get credit for full radiography of this joint ?

Means both welds

UW-11(a)(5)(b) SAYS:
“...Category B or C butt welds …. shall as a minimum , meet the
requirements for spot radiography………..”
Joint Degree of Radiography
Type
Category (a) Full (b) Spot (c) None
1 A,B,C, & D 1.00 0.85 0.70 32

2 A,B,C, & D 0.90 0.80 0.65

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No X- Ray Consider this setup

Spot

TYPE 1

Do we get credit for full radiography of this joint ?

No, we only get credit for Spot Radiography

Joint Degree of Radiography

Type THEREFORE……….
Category (a) Full (b) Spot (c) None
1 A,B,C, & D 1.00 0.85 0.70 33

2 A,B,C, & D 0.90 0.80 0.65

Now consider this arrangement

No X- Ray Consider this setup
Spot

TYPE 1

Do we get credit for full radiography of this joint ?

No, we only get credit for Spot Radiography

Joint The weld is demoted from of

Degree FullRadiography
to Spot
Type
Category (a) Full (b) Spot (c) None
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1 A,B,C, & D 1.00 0.85 0.70 34

2 A,B,C, & D 0.90 0.80 0.65

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Remember
Now considerUW-11(a)(5)(b)
this arrangement
Spot None Spot Spot Spot

100% 100%
100% 100%

E = 1,00
E = 1,00
E = 0,85
E = 0,85
See how easy this is !
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Remember
ConsiderUW-11(a)(5)(b)
the weld in this head

To get credit for E = 1,00 for Category A welds

Make sure all Category B welds either side of the category a weld are
spot Radiographed

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Consider
Consider
a seamless
the weld
component
in this head

None 100%

UW-11(a)(5)(b) is not satisfied for the head which has a Category A weld

Thus for the head weld: E = ? 0,85

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Consider a seamless component

No Category A weld
UW-12(d) says:

Treated
The as though
shell and theseamless
heads are welds IF -Ewhat
= 1,00
is the joint efficiency for the shell ?
o Type 1
o Radiographed for 100% of the length
o All Category B welds are at least spot radiographed

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Consider a seamless component

Spot None

No Category A weld

Treated as though the welds IF E = 1,00

E=
o Type 1
E= E=
o Radiographed for 100% of the length
o All Category B welds are at least spot radiographed
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Consider a seamless component

Spot None

No Category A weld

You will meet many seamless components

E = 0.85
E = 1.00 E = 0.85

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When
Consider
Radiography
a seamless
iscomponent
Mandatory

No Category A weld

You will meet many seamless components

Small seamless pressed or spun heads

Cylindrical shells from seamless pipe

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We now consider
When stresses
Radiography
– very
is important
Mandatory

If a vessel is to contain a lethal substance:

UW-2 says:“… all butt welded joints shall be fully radiographed, except
under provision of uw-2(a)(2) and uw-2(a)(3) below and uw-4(a)(4)….”

This is a bit complicated, but basically means that all the main Category
A and B welds must be fully radiographed.

But Category D and C welds in nozzles and communicating chambers that

are not larger than 10 inch nominal pipe size and do not exceed 1-1/8”
thick are exempt

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We now consider stresses – very important

The
Consider
axial a
stress
cylindrical
on theshell
Category
with Category
B weld is A
HALF
and the
B welded
stress joints
on the Category A weld
This is the hoop stress acting on the Category A weld
This is the Axial stress acting on the Category B weld

The axial stress on the Category B weld is HALF the stress on the Category A weld
Now consider a Spherical head attached to the shell
This is the stress experienced in the head

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We now consider stresses – very important

The axial stress on the Category B weld is HALF the stress on the Category A weld
The Cylinder
If the thickness
stress in isisbased
the head on the
the SAME HOOP stress
everywhere, this too is a Category A weld
The Head thickness is based on the AXIAL stress

The Cylinder must be twice the thickness of the Head

The stress in the head is the same EVERYWHERE

But this is a Category A weld seam

A
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We now consider stresses – very important

The axial stress on the Category B weld is HALF the stress on the Category A weld
If the stress in the head is the SAME everywhere, this too is a Category A weld

Now you can see the reason for this figure

A
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Why can we notWe

have
now
a straight
considerflange
stresses
on a– Spherical
very important
Head ?

The axial stress on the Category B weld is HALF the stress on the Category A weld
If the stress in the head is the SAME everywhere, this too is a Category A weld

Now you can see the reason for this figure

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Why can we not have a straight flange on a Spherical Head ?

The Cylinder is twice a thick as the Head , the straight flange is part of the cylinder

Summary:
� You should understand the meaning of Weld Category - Location
� You should understand the meaning of Weld Type - Weld Geometry
� How to apply the Joint Efficiency from Table UW-12
� How Spherical heads differ from Elliptical and Torispherical heads
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