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Management, or the successful operation of a business or organization, can be

simply described as the implementation of processes and procedures in order to solve
problems in a productive and resourceful manner. This process can be carried out by
means of what are commonly designated as the utilities or functions of management.
The four common functions are: planning, organizing, leading and controlling which
have the projected outcome of making use of any businesses available assets and
resources in such a way that its mission statement and goals can be acceptably
accomplished.

Management is creative problem solving. This creative problem solving is

accomplished through five main functions of management: planning, organizing,
staffing, directing and controlling. The intended result is the use of an organization's
resources in the way that its mission and objectives are accomplished.

Another definition of management from Bateman & Snell (2009) and explained
through other studies and researches of Higgins (1994). Management is the process of
working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals Successful
organizations are able to use the functions of management to develop functional
business plans which are effective in maintaining their competitive advantage to ensure
future successes. The four traditional functions of management are: planning,
organizing, leading, and controlling (Bateman, Snell, 2009).The intended result of
management is the use of an organization's resources in a way that accomplishes its
mission and objectives (Higgins, 1994).Developing these plans requires detailed
knowledge of the organization and its purpose as well as being able to understand and
anticipate the intended customers and the applicable markets. Placing the plans into
action will require forming groups and determining the functions of personnel and how
the personnel in the organization will relate to each other. Finally, a method of control
directs the plan's development. In order for these practices to succeed in an operational
manner, an understanding must be reached concerning the basics in which these
practices are in relationship to the business structure. (Bateman, Snell, 2009).



Planning is the first of functions of management. The main difference between a

successful and an unsuccessful manager is usually found in his or her ability to plan.
Planning is the logical thinking through goals and making the decision regarding what
must be accomplished to reach the organizations¶ objectives. Managers use this
process to determine future plans, predict problems, decide on necessary actions to
avoid difficult issues and to analyze the competition (Bateman, Snell, 2009).Planning is
the initial step in managing and if done correctly will provide the necessary objectives to
lead to decision making and avoid mistakes that might lead to ruin.

Planning is concerned with the future impact of today's decisions. Planning is

the ongoing process of developing the business' mission and objectives and
determining how they will be accomplished. The planning function provides the goals
and standards that drive the controlling function. Planning can be classified into three
separate categories, namely strategic planning, tactical planning and operational
planning.

 4

Organizing is establishing the internal organizational structure of the

organization. The focus is on division, coordination, and control of tasks and the flow of
information within the organization. It is in this function that managers distribute
authority to job holders. Organizing establishes relationships between activity and
authority.

After determining an objective in the planning process, it becomes necessary to

determine the structure of the organization and how the plan will be executed.
Organization will be the determination of which individual or team will be responsible for
different assignments and responsibilities to accomplish the common objective. A
manager must know their subordinates and what they are capable of in order to
organize the most valuable resources a company has, its employees (Bateman, Snell,
2009).
Management must determine the correct assignments, provide training, ensure
that adequate resources are available and provide adequate guidance on expectations.
It is also important to ensure that the makeup of teams and the individual¶s assignments
are coordinated to place the correct personnel in the best fit for their abilities and
personalities.




Staffing is the managerial function of staffing involves managing the organization

structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal and development of the
personnels¶ to fill the roles assigned to the employers/workforce. Business dictionary
defines staffing as selecting and training individuals for specific job functions, and
charging them with the associated responsibilities.

Heinz Weihrich defined staffing as the managerial function of filling, and keeping
filled, positions in the organizational structure.

Staffing is that part of the process of management which is concerned with

obtaining, utilizing and maintaining a satisfactory and satisfied work force. It is the
process of identifying, assessing, placing, evaluating and developing individuals at
work. Staffing is a very important function of the management. No organization can be
successful unless it can fill and keep filled the various positions with the right type of
employees
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The quality of leadership will determine the success of the organization.

Leadership involves the interpersonal characteristic of a manager's position that
includes communication and close contact with team members (Bateman, Snell,
2009).The ability to influence people¶s behavior through motivation, communication,
group dynamics, and discipline are characteristics of good leadership.

Directing is influencing people's behavior through motivation, communication,

group dynamics, leadership and discipline. The purpose of directing is to channel the
behavior of all personnel to accomplish the organization's mission and objectives while
simultaneously helping them accomplish their own career objectives.

Motivation on the other hand covers up ability and skill deficiencies in employees.
The most effective motivation for employees comes from within each employee - self-
motivation. Highly motivated people perform better than unmotivated people

Individuals in management positions must make every effort to develop into

motivational role models for their employees. Workers will abide by the rules and
regulations manager sets, simply because he or she is their superior. On the other
hand, a manager who has motivational qualities compels employees to respect them for
the reason that they have faith in their ideas and attitudes and realize that this type of
manager is making every effort to assist the business accomplish its ultimate goals. The
manager who succeeds at leading his team is able to motivate and encourage workers
in order for them to be successful, vital components of the business. Talented business
leaders have an effect on the workers they personally oversee as well as being an
inspiration to others throughout the entire company.

Successful leadership is contagious and should be applied and implemented to

every aspect of the entire organization. This process will produce a decidedly
synchronized effort to satisfy employees and clientele alike.



Controlling is concerned with making sure everything takes place in compliance

with the accepted plan, directives handed out, and confirmed standards. Controlling
guarantees that there is successful and well-organized use of organizational assets in
order to accomplish the intended target(s). This function of managements determines
the divergence of real functioning from typical functioning or performance and
determines the source of this divergence which assists management and employees to
take curative measures.

The controlling process ensures that the plan is being executed correctly.
Controls also verify that the quality of the product and customer¶s needs are being
adequately addressed. If there is a problem, the controlling process will provide a
means to correct the direction or make adjustments to the plan to ensure long-term
success. Gemmy Allen stated that µControlling is the final link in the functional chain of
management activities and brings the functions of management cycle full circle. µThe
control process is also valuable in allowing for success in delegating responsibilities and
fostering accountability of managers for their subordinates thereby, encouraging timely
feedback of subordinates performance (Plunkett, Attner, Allen,2005).