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Introduction
The previous chapter explains the conceptual framework of labour welfare in general. It
describes statutory, non-statutory welfare and the process during the welfare in five years
plan. This chapter focuses upon the labour welfare amenities present in Indian Railways
specifically. The Indian Railways being the largest single employer in the country bears the
major responsibility of looking after the welfare of a large number of employees spread over
different departments. The concept of labour welfare is not a new thing for Indian
Railways; it was introduced long time before through the Researcher takes the labour
welfare figures of Indian Railways since 1991. The Railways administration recognizing
that welfare of employees is one of the prime tasks of personnel management provides and
aids a large network of labour welfare programmes, thereby underlining the fact that
improvement in the working and living conditions of the employees and their families, leads
to efficiency and high morale amongst them. All matters concerning the welfare of the
societies, schools, clubs, institutes, hospitals etc. also comes within its purview. Railway is
one of the model employers with a large number of welfare measures being implemented to
The Railways have done a lot in respect of providing welfare facilities for their
employees. The Indian Railways being the largest public sector enterprises have to bring
about cordial relations with their staff providing them an ever-increasing opportunity to
live a richer varied and meaningful life. There has been free and frank exchange of
views between the organized labour and the management at all levels to ensure greater
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transparency in the decision-making process. Indian Railway or any Railway is being
run on Commercial basis. Since being a government undertaking it is the moral duty of
the government to fulfill social obligation towards its employees in order to have a good
human relations between the employees and the employer. The social obligations are
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known as labour welfare.
ideal people, training them to face the challenges of the future and serving the
employees with commitment and assurance. In consonance with the ideals of a welfare
state, the Railways have been chasing a strategy of gradually improving the working
and living condition of their workers. Indian Railways are perhaps the foremost among
the other department of the government in providing employee benefits and services to
their staff because of simple reasons to facilitate the nature of duties of majority of
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Railway personnel is much more difficult than those of other departments.
and many of them have been offered very liberally to the Railway employees with the
purpose to improve their living and working environment in order to make sure
Labour welfare is also key functions of Personnel Management, Chief Personnel Officer
is the key part of management in Head quarter of any and Zonal Railway and he is
assisted by a Personnel Officer (Labour & Welfare) is posted and assisted by Welfare
In divisional levels this is functioning under the guidance of Sr. DPO, DP O and A.P.O s
and Welfare Inspector, Personnel Inspector and Co- Operative Inspector working directly
under Assistant Personnel Officer in the divisional level. There is a separate Personnel
The following du ties of various welfare officers in Indian Railways are listed below:
The Duties of Welfare Inspectors in Indian Railways:
2. It is the duty of Welfare Inspector has to educate the labourers regarding their
rights.
3. He has to explain about various staff welfare schemes and also help them to
improve their living conditions as well as working systems.
3. They should ensure that the names of retiring staff are published.
4. To attend courts.
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education, Medicare, housing, sports, recreation and catering. The different employees’
benefits and services introduced in Indian Railway can be categorized under these
Welfare Benefits
Educational Assistance
Housing is the primary need of a workers’ family in civilized life. Without a roof to
cover his head, the worker naturally feels frustrated about his poor standard of living in
big cities. Housing is one of the serious issues responsible for dissatisfaction and poor
industrial relation of all requirements of the workers; cheap housing accommodation is of
great significance. The housing problem has become acute in most industrial regions of the
world since recently. There is increasing recognition everywhere of the close relation
between housing and the health and well-being of the people. In fact, over a number of
years, scarcity on a large-scale has developed and conditions worsened a great deal. The
crisis of housing is one of the most important reasons for exhaustion and worry among
employees and the result comes in the way of discouraging their duties effectively. Indian
railways have about 13 lakh employees (officers & staff) spread over 16 zonal railways, 9
production units and other railway establishments. About 6.1 lakh railway houses of various
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types (type-I to V) are available for them. This gives only a housing satisfaction of 42%, on
other hand most of the Railway employees do not enjoying the housing satisfaction.
Therefore, Railway employees have the choice to live either at boundary of station with
poor amenities or at big station where the force of population creates scarcity of shelter
accommodation apart from at abnormal rents, as a effect staff often do not acquire suitable
This is acceptable to state that most of the employees do not acquire housed
quarters during their services because of short of housing and negligence of interaction in
Indian Railways. The problems has not been yet overcome even after independence, only 40
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percent of Indian Railways employees have the benefit of accommodation facilities.
There is sharp deficiency of housing amenities and there are frequent complaints
of irregularities in allotments. Most of the Railways houses quarter has turn out to be
old as well as their maintenance and renovate are improper and inadequate. The
following table gives the number of staff provided with quarter since 1991.
Number of Staff Provided with Quarters since in Indian Railways1991 to 2008-2009
Source: Indian Railways Annual Report & Account, Ministry of Railways, India since
1990-91 to2009.
Percentage of employees provided with quarter in Indian Railways since 1990-91
to 2008-2009
The above table an d graphs clearly shows the figure of quarter s provided to
Railway employees since 1991. In 1991, only 6,44, 198 employees got quarters in India n
Railways, which means about 61% of the employees did not acquire accommodation
facility. 40% employees of Indian Rail ways got quarters during for the period of 199 2-
1997. In 2002-2 003, 706,48 8 employees got quarters in Indian Railways i.e. 48% of the
employees got s helter facility. Similarly in 2008-20 09, only 42% employees are housed
housing facility is not enough, because the rising figure of staff and their requisite for
shelter facilities. This is mainly for the reason that the construction of new quarters has
Following this, “Rail Budget 2010 Houses to all railway employees in next 10
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years” recommended to the Railway Board to build new quarters in significant numbers.
Housing Societies for Railway men wherever and whenever possible in order to solve
low rate of interest for acquiring sites and for construction of houses. These loans are
consisting of one or more residential buildings. (This is one type of housing tenure.) Each
shareholder in the legal entity is granted the right to occupy one housing unit, sometimes
specifies the co-op's rules. Cooperative is also used to describe a non-share capital co-op
model in which fee-paying members obtain the right to occupy a bedroom and share the
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mutual resources of a house that is owned by a cooperative organization.
members with open plots for housing, dwelling houses or flats; or if open plots, the
dwelling houses or flats are already acquired, to provide its members common amenities
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and services.”
societies in Indian Railways, Railway servants whose income ranges between Rs. 701
and 1500 p.m. or Co-operative Housing Societies consisting of such Railway servants
are eligible for loan under the low Income Group Housing Scheme for construction of
houses. These loans are available to them through the Head of Department. Railway
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servants from any Government source can obtain not more than one loan or advance.
In order that Railway servants might take advantage under either of these schemes, it
would be desirable for Co-operative Housing Societies to acquire suitable land and allot
it to members after development. In this connection, the Societies might also take the
help of state Governments to arrange, where possible, to acquire suitable sites and sell
1990-1991 to 2008-2009
Source: Annual Report and Accounts of Indian Railways, Ministry of Railways, India
since 1990-91 to 2008-2009.
The above table clearly exhibits that the number of Co-operative Housing
Societies completely reduced from 1991 to 2009. In Indian Railways there were total 39
societies, which started to decline by 15.38% in next year. But in 1992-1993 it went up
by 9% and followed by 5.5% in the next year. But the numbers of societies decreased by
15.78 % in 1995-96 and further decline till 2008-2009. Only 6 remained Housing C o-
In spite of the various measures about 60% of the Railway employees are yet to
be provided with housing facilities. The government at the c entre and the state ma y
provide land, construction materials and credit at lo w rate to accelerate the activities of
Co-operative Housing Societies. Railways should take initiative in helping the Railway
men to own ho uses through the development of Co-operative Housing societies with
diminish Railway burden. This may solve the problem of housing of Railway workers
railway employees. They are unable to spare time to undertake construction of their
private houses including variety of efforts like mobilization of funds, purchase of plots,
contracting of builder and skilled labour, supervision etc. With a view to help Railway
men, Indian Railway Welfare Organization (IRWO) was set up as a registered Society
on 25.09.1989 for providing dwelling units to serving and retired Railway men on “No
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Profit No Loss” basis. Since its inception IRWO has achieved distinctive success. It
has already completed and handed over 6690 dwelling units at 18 locations.
Construction work is in progress at 6 locations covering 883 dwelling units. Most of the
handed over colonies are abuzz with activity and social life.
‘Organization’, has been set up to promote welfare schemes such as providing all
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country purely as a social welfare measure on “No Profit No Loss” basis. The
XXI of 1860 (Punjab Amendment Act 1957) as extended to the Union Territory of Delhi
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and is headquartered at Delhi.
time at different locations subject to adequate demand, availability of land and financial
viability. However, this Organization reserves the right to modify or abandon any scheme
at any time prior to or during execution if the circumstances so demand. The Organization is
not be able for any claims or any damages on this account, except that the amounts received
from members shall be refunded with interest equal to Saving Bank rate of interest of State
Bank of India on the date of refund for the period from the first of the month next to the
receipt of the first payment to the last day of the month previous to the date of refund,
provided the money has been with IRWO for more than one year.
Generally IRWO, builds independent single storey houses, duplex houses, row
type of houses, multistory flats etc. depending upon the availability of land, the number
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of applicants, cost of land, rules and bye laws of the local land authorities etc.
Today various organizations are provided various medical services like Hospital, Clinic
and Dispensary facilities not only to employees but also their family members. In the
same way the Indian Railways have been pursuing a policy of progressively improving
both working and living conditions of staff and providing them with maximum possible
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amenities in several spheres including medical facilities.
To a certain extent detailed medical and health services are provided to Railways
staff and their family member for free of cost. On other hand Railways has paid more
epidemic syndrome in Railway Colonies has a vital posture on top of the effective
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Railways has drawn concentration of the Railways Board since 1924. But the limitation
were that the Railway medical services, catered only to routine administrative necessities,
viz., medical examination (pre recruitment and in service) of staff, issue of fit and unfit
certificates, check on malingering, etc., while attention to the curative and promotional
health care of the railway staff was found to be meager or absent. Even in this
commitment certain facilities available to Group A, B & C employees and their family
members were not extended to Group D employees. Again some Railways provided for
treatment of employees only, while others provided for the treatment of family members
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as well , but the facilities provided are still inadequate compared to the growing
requirements. It is also observed that the medical facilities provided by Railways are not
available to the needy as the former are concentrated in selected areas. But it is too
In April 1954 Dr. E. Somasekhar, the then Chief Medical Officer, Southern
Railway had submitted a detailed scheme on planned expansion of the medical facilities
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on the Railways. With a view to examine and implement the said scheme, a separate
cell was created at the Railway Board in August 1955, headed by an Officer on Special
Duty (Medical) which post was later on converted to Joint Director (Medical) and then
upgraded to Director, Health. There has been a progressive improvement and expansion
of the curative and promotional health services on the Indian Railways since then,
resulting in an appreciation from the Kunzru committee (1963) as being second to none
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in the country.
All Zonal Railways have now more or less a uniform level and pattern of medical
facilities. The policy in this respect is based on the realization that the expenditure in this
direction would pay dividend in the long run. The output of a contented and healthy worker
who is relieved of mental and financial worries on account of his own or some family
member’s sickness will be better and more conducive to the efficient running of Railways.
This is particularly relevant in the case of running staff that have to be away
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from their homes most of the time. The administrative set up of the Health
Indian Railway’s medical services is comparable to any big health care system with
about 3 crores outdoor patients, about 5 lakh indoor admissions and about 45,000 major
surgeries including super specialty surgeries, viz., heart surgeries, joint replacements,
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oncology and G.I. surgeries, cochlear implants, etc.
comprehensive, preventive, promotional and rehabilitative health care are provided. For
Medical Boards for deciding fitness and implementation of various statutory conditions
like Workman Compensation Act (WCA), Factory Act, Prevention of Food Adulteration
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Act (PFA), etc. also constituted by the department.
To augment its services and for better patient care, many innovative steps have
engaging Consultants on case to case basis, introduction of Senior Residency and DNB
programme, procuring quality drugs under a new ‘Drug Procurement Policy’, etc. Apart
from this, intensive care units and operation theatres are being upgraded with latest
Scheme-97, Intra Ocular Lens (IOL) surgery are some of the other steps taken in this
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direction.
Six Zonal Hospital at new Zones are now almost fully operational. Policy on
Consultant on case to vase basis and Honorary Visiting Specialists. To cope up with
shortage, doctors and paramedical staff in Railway hospitals are being engaged on
contract basis. A pilot project for smart card has been sanctioned in Northern Railway
has also been provided in 18 Centres of Indian Railways and the work to provide
medical relief during train accident and other untoward incident at Railway Stations, on
trains, etc. It also provides emergency medical care to passengers falling sick. Regular
checks are conducted to ensure that the food and water supplied to passenger are pure
and hygienic. Railways health services also joins hand with the Central and State
Government in various national and local health programmes like Maternal and Child
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and also to prevent epidemic like Swine flu, Dengue, etc.
Medical Van or by Local Decor may be requisite. Medical services offered to Railway
employees are not insufficient too. Good organization and good health are factors that
are closely interconnected. The following Table gives synoptic picture of Railways on
Source: Annual Report and Accounts of Indian Railways, Ministry of Railways, India
since 1990-1991 to 2008-2009.
The above table clearly shows that, the number of hospital was 114 and number of
health unit was 670 in Indian Railways in the year 1990-91. It increased by 3.5% in 1991-92
and further increased by 3.38% in 1992-93. But remain constant of 1997-1998; the
number of hospital went up to 124 in 19 98-1999, i. e. increased by 1.63%. I n the coming
years the number of hospitals went down i.e. reduced by 2.4 1% in 2003-2004 and o n
other hand the total indoor beds of railways hospital decrease from 13795 to 13019.
From the above information it is discovered that the number of Railways hospital
and the number of beds did not rise considerably with the passage if time and are not
sufficient for meeting the medical requirement of Railway Workers. The amount of
money allocated for the purpose is not sufficient even for life saving drugs, equipment
and machines. T here is a need to further improve these facilities by way of having
modern equipments in the hospital and clinics and by providing quality medicine in
these hospitals and clinic of Indian Railways. The following table gives detailed picture
of growth for private hospital recognized for medical treatment of Railways workers.
2003-2004 85
Source: Annual Report and Accounts of Indian Railways, Ministry of Railways, India
since 2003-2004 to 2008-2009
The above calculation clearly exhibits that numbers of private hospitals recognized
for medical treatment have increased by 30.5% in 2004-2005 since 2003-2004 and again
Welfare Benefits
Through the vision of the staff in personal matters such as further payment of
increments, leave, educate them to improve living and working conditions, welfare
association have been developed under the charge of chief personnel officers by a ll
take care of the step by step work of the organization along with immense group of
welfare super visor, help the staff personally and gather the grievances and place them
before t he 168
officers to settle problems and complaints for reaching the their optimum efficiency.
The Rail Budget recommended that proper training should be imparted to the welfare
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inspectors so that they accomplish what their functional designation implies.
The managerial reform commission also uttered the similar estimation and
suggested that ideal persons through special training should be supposed to handle
welfare organization. These people should not be often changed as a result in the
direction to assurance that they become familiar with the problem of staff in particular
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district or division. In response, the Railways have conveyed training to the welfare
enhancing the competitiveness of the Railway organization in the context of internal and
external changes in the environment. In addition to in-house training, railway men are
being provided specialized training in other knowledge and skill by acquiring higher
incentives to them. Efforts are being made to improve the basic infrastructure for
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training to provide structured training programme in improved learning environment.
with references to emerging business needs and financial viability of the system.
Employees.
Following seven Centralized Training Institutes (CTI) cater to the training need of
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Railways officers:
The Centralized Training Institutes apart from experimental training cater to various
specialized training needs of Indian Railway officers. Railway Staff College provides inputs
Railway officers. Other CTIs conduct specialized technical training courses in respective
by the CTIs to provide solutions for information management and decision support
requirements. Need based special courses conducted by CTIs and facilities offered by them
for trainees from abroad and non-railways organizations in India have been well
industry and government are utilized to meet the changing needs arising out of technological
located over Indian Railway. Training has been made mandatory at different stage for staff
belonging to the safety and technical categories. Certain categories of staff overdue for
refresher training are taken off from sensitive duty, till completion of the training. Efforts
are constantly made to improve living conditions in the hostels, provide better mess
facilities, and strengthen facility for recreational and cultural activities and improve the
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Staff underwent different types of training programmes.
The Fund provides financial assistance and relief to Railway employees and their families at
times of distress. Voluntary contributions from the employees and Railway Women’s
Welfare Organizations constitute the primary source of the Fund. In 2008-09, Railway men
& general public contributed more than Rs.42 crores for arranging relief operation for
flood-affected population of Bihar. During the year, a sum of Rs.4.20 lakh was released
from the Fund as relief to individual Railway employees, Rs.2.60 crore and Rs. 30 lakh
respectively were released to East Central and Northeast Frontier Railway towards flood
relief operations in Bihar. An amount of Rs.38.60 crore was donated to Bihar’s Chief
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Minister’s Relief Fund, for rehabilitation flood-affected population.
Indian Railway is the largest employer in the country with 13, 86,011 employees of which
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87,921 are women employees as on March 31, 2009. As a model employer, Railways
lays due emphasis on Staff Welfare and various schemes in this area. Welfare,
members of the employees have been a thrust area in the staff welfare.
place, a system has been evolved to address complaints of women employees about
gender discrimination where a Committee looks into the grievances and recommends
suitable action.
Various privileges are also available to women railway employees like maternity
leave, special leave for promoting family welfare and most significantly Child Care
employees who suffer injuries or die due to accident arising at the time of duties. This is
in the form of compensation under Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 and ex gratia
Railways ensure that not only women employees but also women family
members of the employees are empowered and be self-reliant. Handicraft centres and
Mahila Samities have been instituted to impart skills necessary for pursuing income-
generating vocations. A specific outlay is earmarked under Staff Benefit Fund towards
Women Welfare Organizations are also being run by wives of Railway Officers
who are also promoting the cause of women through activities like nursery schools,
crèches, institutions for mentally challenged children and promoting talent amongst
wards of the employees and rendering necessary financial assistance to deserving cases.
numerous sports women who have excelled at National and International arena and have
brought laurels for the country as well as for Indian Railways. Eight Indian Railways
women players represented the country in the Olympics held in Beijing (China) in
August 2008. In the USIC (Union Sportive International des Cheminots) World Railway
Athletics Championship held at Pune in February 2009, Indian Railway women team
stood runners-up. At the national level, Indian Railway women teams won 13 National
Ms Surinder Kaur, Indian Railway hockey player has been honored with the prestigious
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‘Arjuna Award’ during the year.
The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Right and Full
opportunities to persons with disabilities and their full participation in nation building.
Ministry of Railways.
Indian Railways grants concession in train fares to four categories of disabled persons, i.e.
(iv) Totally deaf and dumb persons (both afflictions together in the same person)
The extent of concession admissible to the first three categories is 75% in Second,
Sleeper, First, AC Chair Car and AC-3 tier Class and 50% in AC-2 tier & AC First
Class. The applicable concession for the fourth category is 50% in Second, Sleeper and
First Class. These concessions are admissible for any purpose on single journey ticket.
In case of Season tickets, 50% concession in First and Second Class is granted. While
one escort is compulsory with persons in category (i) & (ii), it is optional in category
(iii) & (iv). The escort is also granted same element of concession.
handicapped are being developed through an action plan in a phased manner. In first
instance, all ‘A-I’ (58) and ‘A’ (284) category stations have been provided with
(iv) Signage’s;
(v) Toilets and water taps suitable to the needs of handicapped persons;
Out of 237 ‘B’ category stations, 138 stations have been provided with these
facilities and the remaining stations are planned for completion by March 2010. As a
temporary measure, Zonal Railways have been directed to authorize the use of
pathways provided at the end of the platforms (meant for parcel traffic) for the disabled
persons with escorts to facilitate inter-platform transfer. At 451 stations, wheel chair.
Pathways and subways or other models like lifts/escalators have already been
provided for inter-platform transfer. For this purpose, wheel chairs are provided free of
charge and coolies escort the passengers on payment of specified charges. Railways have
planned to provide barrier free access including inter-platform transfer at stations through
provision of lifts/escalators at 39 major and important stations, which have been identified
for development as world-class stations. Besides, work for provision of 50 lifts at other
railway stations has also been sanctioned to facilitate inters platform transfer.
blind are allotted space for setting up STD/PCO booths. A reservation of 25% of the
Indian Railways has so far manufactured 1,600 specially designed (SLRD) non-
wheel chair borne passengers. Guard cum brake van and a non-air conditioned
compartment and toilet adapted to the needs of wheel chair borne/disabled persons have
been inducted in important Mail/Express trains. Fully air-conditioned Garib Rath trains
have also been provided with air conditioned disabled friendly compartment and toilets
Railways are making their best efforts to fill up the vacancies on Group ‘C’ & ‘D’
categories and clear the backlog vacancies reserved against physically handicapped quota
Another essential welfare scheme developed in Indian Railways has been the Staff Benefit
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Fund. The Staff Benefit Fund was established on Indian Railways in the year 1931. The
fund which was first work out to provide the employees certain basic needs for the
optimum utilization of their potential, has, over the years covered many other areas for
e.g., Health, Welfare, and Recreation of Railway employees etc. A committee comprising
the CPO as Chairman and the CMD and CE as members manages the fund. Six members,
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three each from the two recognized unions, represent the organized labours. Every zone
of Indian Railways has staff benefit fund to which the Railways put in every year at the
rate of per capita contributions of Rs 315 for the year 2008-2009. Ministry of Railways
have decided to modify the distribution of modify per capita annual contribution of
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Rs.35/- to 315/- under Staff Benefit Fund sanctioned vide Board’s letter under reference.
st
The fund is derived from an Annual Grant on 1 April of each financial year from
the Railway revenues on per-capita basis based on the sanctioned strength, both permanent
and temporary (excluding the posts charged to capital). The various heads of activities and
their respective Per- Capita lay down by the Board, Contribution to Staff Benefit Fund @
Rs.315/- per capita for the year 2008-09 to be allocated as per column- 3
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below:
railway employees and their families in the spheres of education, recreation, Medicare,
sports, scouting and cultural activities. This fund is to be mainly utilized for education
of staff and their children, grant for scholarships for technical and higher education,
recreational and amusement of the staff and their children, grant to Railway
institutions& club, sports and other tournaments, relief distress among the Railways
employees, grant to maintenance of Railways employees who are sick without pay for a
period of 15 days and above, Financial Assistance to the next Kith and kin of deceased
of Railway employees attending special schools for deaf, dumb, blind and mentally
challenged, financial assistance to physically challenge and school going children, grant
assistance in times of floods, earthquakes, funeral expenses, etc. and the scheme for
sickness of the staff and their family. The following table gives the position of
Source: Annual Report and Accounts of Indian Railways, Ministry of Railways, India
since 2003-2004 to 2008-2009
The above table clearly exhibits that the rates of contribution of staff benefit fund
have been increasing continuously since 1990-1991. In 1995-96, staff benefit fund rates
have increased by 37.93% and further 4% 1998-99. In 2003-04 the rate of staff benefit fund
again increased by 15.68%, which means the contribution rates of staff benefits
fund, moves upward. In 2008-09 the railways adopted huge increment in its rate i.e. b y
800% increase in rates for benefit of railways employees. Staffs benefits fund play a
major role in railway men’s life. This fund is to be mainly utilized for education of staff
and their children, grant for scholarship s for technic al and higher education ,
recreational and amusement of the staff and their children, grant to Railway institutions
& club, sports and other tournaments, relief distress among the Railways employees,
Railway management takes part to enhance the per capita contribution to Staff Benefit
Fund for the benefits of their employees and their family members.
Canteen Facilities
that of canteens. Canteen is a small cafeteria or snack bar, especially one in a military
a) Statutory Canteens
should set up Railways. Canteens, which are governed by Factory Act and employees,
should be more than 250 members. Such canteens are to be strictly adhered to the Rules
framed by State Govt. (Sec.2) of the Act to constitute Managing Committee of Canteen
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including some representation from workers.
b) Non -Statutory
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Secretary and a Managing Committee.
Apart from the staff canteen in the Railways Workshop where they is a statutory
39
inevitability in terms of the (Factories Act) , impose a statutory to offer canteen inside
Factories where employing more than 250 workers and canteen has also set up nearly in
within the purview of the factories Act and representation of workers in the management
thereof. As these rules have statutory force, Railway Administrations should strictly
adhere to these rules in implementing the provisions of the Act in as far as they apply to
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staff employed in Railway Establishments Governed by the factories Act. The
following table shows the growth of canteen in Indian Railways since 1991.
Growth of Canteen in Indian Railways since 1990-1991 to 2008-2009
Sources: Annual Report and Accounts of Indian Railways, Ministry of Railways, India
since 2003-2004 to 2008-2009
The above table clearly represents that the numbers of canteen in Indian Railways in
1990-91 was 267 further it increased to 269, by 0.37% in 2000-2001, but it declined to 253
in 2002-2003 i.e. reduced by 4.83%. Now the number of canteen in Indian Railways is 253
in 2008-2009. The chart given below clearly shows the canteen of Railways.
Numbers of Canteen in Indian Railways s ince1990- 1991 to 2008-2009
With the purpose of increase in staff and energetically through the management of
sanitary and electric installation, furniture and cooking utensils free of charge further
more al so meet service taxes and charges for electricity consumed, but it has been
discovered that low quality of material at higher prices are being supplied in these
canteen for which management of canteen is responsible. It has also been felt that the
numbers of canteen are very limited compared to the numbers of Rail way station and
Government of India accepted the recommendation of the Railway Grain Shops Enquiry
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policy is directed towards encouraging co-operative movement on Indian Railways.
which provide for the needs of their members. This society is nothing but a Retail Shop
consumer co-operative societies and giving guidance to them and developing their
activities is the responsibility of the Railway Administrations. This work is under the
overall control of the Chief Personnel Officers at the headquarters and they ensure
necessary co-ordination in the divisions through the Divisional Personnel officers who
in turn should keep a close watch on the work of the welfare inspectors one of whose
42
essential duties is be to look after the co-operative societies. There should normally be
only one co- operative store functioning at a junction station between two or more
railways to be established under the auspices of the railway working the station who
should bear all debits on-account of grant of subsidy. To open branches of the main
store the other railways, for whose staff, may provide accommodation branches are
proposed to be opened. In case a non-railway building is rented for the main store or a
branch, the cost of rent is to be borne by the working railway under whose auspices the
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main store is established.
should also pay an admission fee of 50 Paisa or Re. 1, as may be provided in the
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byelaws of the society.
Provision of the Indian railways that the Railways Co-operative Societies are
running as FAIR PRICE SHOP (Rationing items); the Rent is charged on nominal rate
of Rs.1 per month (Plus actual Municipal Taxes), Railways Administration to provide
Electrification and water connections, The Electrical charges and water charges are
societies at reasonable charges and grant causal leave to the office bearers whenever
they are required for the management of these societies. Railways should provide land
for the construction of Co-operative Society. The Railways are to provide grant for
matching share capitals upto Rs.2500/- Also to provide Finance Assistance upto Rs.10,
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000/- to each society on Interest bearing scheme and would be repayable by society.
Growth of Consumer Co-operative Societies in Indian Railways since 1990-1991
to 2008-2009
No. of Consumer
% Change in consumer co-
Years Co-operative
operative societies
Societies
1990-91 272
1991-92 263 -3.30%
1992-93 276 +4.94%
1993-94 276 0%
1994-95 362 +31.15%
1995-96 376 +3.86%
1996-97 369 -1.86%
1997-98 372 +0.81%
1998-99 375 +0.80%
1999-2000 374 -0.26%
2000-2001 356 -4.81%
2001-2002 330 -7.30%
2002-2003 218 -33.93%
2003-2004 196 -10.09%
2004-2005 200 +2.04%
2005-2006 199 -0.5%
2006-2007 178 -10.55%
2007-2008 171 -3.93%
2008-2009 170 -0.58%
Source: Annual Report and Accounts of Indian Railways, Ministry of Railways, India
since 2003-2004 to 2008-2009
From the above table we may conclude that the changes in the numbers of co-
operative societies in Indian Railways have been negative in the recent past. In 1990-91
the consumer societies were 272 and de creased by 3.30% in 19 91-92, though in 1995-9 6
there was increment of 31.15 %, in the following years there was continuous decline since
The above chart shows that the Consumer Co-operative Societies during the period
next year to 1995-1996, now in 2008-2009 the total number of consumer co-operative
The representative of recognized Federations and Unions are delighted with the
functioning and the services of these societies, but the railway men felt that the scare
commodities were not supplied by these societies. They also felt that in some cases
prices charged by these societies were higher than that of open market. Further they felt
that the number of commodities supplied by these societies was too less compared to
their requirements. Hence, the researcher suggested that these societies may seek the
The Co-operative Credit Societies in Railways have had their origin during
1920. The main objective of Co-operative Credit societies was to encourage habit of
thrift among members rather than provide loans to them at reasonable rate of interest.
The rates of subscription recoverable from subscribers every month, rate of interest on
monthly subscription falling in arrears, deduction of amount due to a Society from the
subscription at the time of making an advance from the compulsory deposit etc; should
46
be as per bye- laws of respective registered Co-operative Credit societies /Banks.
Every possible encouragement was given to these societies by providing certain facilities,
47
viz:
(i) Recovery of loans, bank deposits and compulsory thrift deposits through the
salary bills of the staff concerned;
(ii) Privilege passes and privilege ticket order for the employees of the societies
available over both home and foreign lines as per scale laid down in Railway
Servants (Pass) Rules 1986;
(iv) Special casual leave and passes for members of the managing committee to
attend meetings;
(vii) Medical facilities in railway hospitals and health units to the staff and to the
members of their families at a per capital charge, calculated on the basis of
total expenditure on medical services incurred on the railway servants and their
families during the previous financial year.
Through the successful operation, these societies gained the confidence of their
members, on other hand it is felt that figure of these societies are insufficient to
accumulate the necessity of all workers. Infact, only one credit society or bank was
established in 23 years i.e. 1960-61 to 1983-84. Further, it is also felt that the per capita
Hence, it may be suggested that the Railway management may provide interest
free loan to these societies and it may further cheer the arrangement of new credit
A labourer means an individual who undertakes manual work for wages and it is his
main source of income throughout the year. A labour contractor cannot become member
of the society. A labour contractor would include a person who either on his or her own
the poor; provide a better living condition and upliftment of the depressed and
Source: Annual Report and Accounts of Indian Railways, Ministry of Railways, India
since 2003-2004 to 2008-2009
The above table shows that the labour contract co-operative societies have
increased by 16.24 % in 1991-92 and reduced by 14.4% in next year and kept on
declining till 2008-2009. This table shows that the number of labour contract societies
The above chart shows that the labour contract societies have continuously reduced
The allowance of free passes and privilege ticket order is a vital concession peculiar to
Railway employees; ‘Pass’ means an power given by the Ministry of Railways or any
48
railway administration to a person, authorizing him to travel by rail gratuitously.
Privilege Ticket Order (hereinafter referred to as P.T.O.) is an authority issued in
favors of a railway servant, which may be exchanged for a passenger rail ticket on
49
payment of one third of the normal fare.
Special passes over the home and foreign lines are admissible to such railway
servants, officer or authority competent to issue and sign a Pass or PTO, A pass or PTO
may be issued by such officer or authority and may be signed by such officer as the
Central Government (Ministry, of Railways) may from time to time specify, provided
that until such authorities or officers are specified. The Pass or PTO shall be signed and
50
the Ministry of Railways and in force at the commencement of these Rules.
Kinds of Passes
A railway servant or the entitled members of his/her family and dependent relatives as
51
defined in these Rules may be issued the following kind of passes, namely:
Duty Pass: A railway servant may be issued a duty pass for performing journey on duty;
issued on his/her request a privilege pass or a privilege ticket order in the prescribed
format from one station to another as requested by him/her. Privilege Passes/ P.T.Os are
School Pass: A school pass may be issued to the son or daughter of a railway servant
Widow Pass: Passes may be issued to the widows of railway employees, who were in
Railway service on or after 12.3.1987 and expired on or after that date whether after
their retirement or during service and had opted for the scheme or were automatically
Residential Card Pass: A residential card pass may be issued to a railway servant for
performing rail journey from the place of residence to the place of his work.
Special Pass: A special pass may be issued to Railway servants, family members or
dependent relatives as the case may be, on Medical grounds; Sports account; for
attending children camp or scouts camp; Cultural functions; and on any other occasion
Educational Facilities
Railways Schools
Railways administration grants the facilities of primary, middle and high schools
and colleges in those Railways colonies where such amenities of requisite standards are
not available in or near them and the State Government or educational organization are
52
not willing to provide them.
Educational facilities provided on the Railways owe their origin to the necessity
for fulfilling the educational needs of the children of European and Anglo-Indian
employees who, in the last century, formed a considerable proportion of the Railway
employees posted at places where no European schools were available. With this end in
Railway established boarding schools at hill stations for imparting education under
of the tuition fees. The educational facilities thus provided for Europeans were later
extended to Anglo-Indians and when the number of educated Indians began to increase
in Railway Services; the Railways began to provide such facilities for the children of
53
Indian employees at places where adequate arrangements did not exist.
54
Education). However, Railways have provided educational facilities to the limited
extent within the constraint of available resources purely as a measure of staff welfare to
meet the needs of wards and children of Railway employees only at such places where
there at by other agencies - both Government (Sate/Central) and private are found
55
inadequate or are totally absent resulting in hardship or inconvenience to them.
Middle and High and Higher Secondary Standards. The Railways do not normally enter
into the field of college and Technical education owing to their policy keeping in view
provided by the State Government etc. to the general public. While in the past, it could
employees but with the passage of time and considerable and extensive educational
various places, the demands for expansion/up gradation of schools to the various levels
and standards, should considerably reduce and finally cease to exist. To achieve this
goal, the Railways Board has also decided, as a matter of policy to establish Kendriya
Vidyalayas preferably in "Civil Sector" in Railway colonies which will, while meeting
the needs of the employees, reduce the financial burden on the administration of the
56
schools. The Education Board and the Department of the respective State
as Railway Schools functioning in various Railway Colonies. This table shows that
Source: Annual Report and Accounts of Indian Railways, Ministry of Railways, India
The above table clearly exhibits that the numbers of educational institution in
Indian Railways went down from the period of 1990-91 to 2008-2009. Educational
declined till 20 08-2009. T here remains only 316 Educational Institutions in Indian
Railways.
institutions where there are sufficient numbers of children of Railways on their rolls.
Children's Educational Allowance
Railway servants with not less than 3 years service shall be eligible for assistance for
57
the education of their children. A Railway servant is eligible to draw children's educational
allowance when he is compelled to send his child to a school away from the station at which
he is posted and residing owing to the absence of a school of the requisite standard at that
58
station. The admissibility of children's educational allowance will have to be determined
with reference to the standard of the school, viz., Primary, Secondary or Higher Secondary
or Senior Secondary and the medium of Instruction and the language of the child and not to
the absence of any particular subject in a particular institution. The allowance shall be
standard, only if the nearest school of such standard is so situated that there is no convenient
train or bus service to take the child from his residence near the time of the opening of the
school and bring him back not too long after the school is closed for the day and the journey
59
by such train/bus service takes more than an hour.
Primary, Secondary, Higher Secondary and Senior Secondary classes@ Rs. 1000/- per
60
child.
A Railway servant shall be eligible to the reimbursement of tuition fee payable and
actually paid in respect of his child provided that no children's educational allowance under
these orders is admissible to him. The tuition fee payable and actually paid by a
Railway servant in respect of his child may be reimbursed, subject to the following
limits:-
This is confirmed that the Railway employees are eligible for reimbursement of
Tuition fees in respect of their children, i.e. boys as well as girls, studying in schools
where tuition fees as actually payable and paid, despite the availability of free education
61
as a policy by the State Government.
Hostel Subsidy
area of the country where boarding and lodging were to be provided at subsidized rates
for children of Railways employee. A Railway servant shall be eligible to the grant of a
subsidy at the rate of Rs. 300/- per month per child if because of his transfer he is
obliged to keep his children in the hostel of a residential school away from the station at
62
which he is posted and/or is residing. The hostel subsidy shall be payable up to 10
plus 2 stage in States and Union Territories, where the pattern of 10 plus 2 plus 3 has
been adopted and up to Higher Secondary and Senior Secondary stage in other States
and Union territories irrespective of the fact that the children study in a Kendriya
employee who is transferred to a station but who, due to genuine personal reasons does
not admit the child immediately in a hostel but admits him/her later will also be eligible
for the grant of hostel subsidy from the actual date of admission of the child in the
hostel, subject to the fulfillment of all other conditions laid down herein.
pursuing technical education. The term “Technical Education" will mean education in
degree or diploma in Medicine and the various branches engineering. The cost of these
scholarships will be borne by the staff Benefit Fund. And the value of the scholarship
will vary from Rs. 15/- to Rs. 50/- per month which may be increased to Rs. 70/- in
63
Engineering. The actual amount of scholarship to be awarded for the various courses
are available to children and dependent brothers and sisters of non- gazette railway
64
servant whose pay does not exceed Rs. 695/- P.M.
Recreational Activities
Indian Railways attaches due importance to recreation for its employees and provides
excellent facilities through Institutes & Clubs for sports, libraries, etc. and Holiday Homes
to enable the employees and their families to enjoy holidays at nominal expenses.
to promote esprit de corps among Railway employees and also to encourage them to
looked upon as a club provided by the Railway, rent-free for the benefit of its
everything that a landlord ordinarily would and the Institute/Club should pay for all that
65
a tenant would usually be liable.
accommodation free of rent provided that such accommodation is either part and parcel
of the Institute building and its recognized out-houses, or is not required for any other
66
railway purpose or cannot be rented to outsiders and would otherwise lie vacant.
The Institutes may be organized as Senior and Junior Institutes and should cover
as wide a range of staff as possible. Separate institutes for the artisan class may be
considered where there are considerable numbers; the membership will be optional and
67
members. The committee engages such staff as are required and meet the cost of their
wages and allowances. The cost of running the Institutes/Clubs is met from funds at the
disposal of the Institutes Management Committees derived from membership fees and
grants from the Staff Benefit Fund. In view of the limited funds available at the disposal
of the Managing Committee, they should employ only part-time workers and the whole-
time workers should be engaged only when absolutely necessary in which case they
68
should be paid adequate wages in consonance with such market conditions.
The whole-time staff of the Railway Institutes may also be issued privilege passes as
69
Indicated below:
st
21 year onward: Two sets of passes per annum
Holiday Homes
Holiday Homes have been established as a measure of amenity of staff. The broad
70
Holiday Homes, are indicated below:
(a) Holiday Homes may be set up in suitable hill stations or seaside resorts or
other pleasant surroundings or where popular demand exists.
(b) As far as possible, fairly large buildings should be hired from any available
source i.e. Defence, Civil, Municipal or private at suitable stations and sites or
made available from any surplus buildings which may be possible for
Railways to make available after effecting necessary alterations.
(c) Railway administrations are authorized to incur outlay in this connection not
exceeding Rs.10Lakh only for each Railway as a whole in a year, or if a
building is hired to incur recurring charges not exceeding Rs.5, 000/-Rupees
five thousand only, Per month as rent in each case. The terms of hire should be
such as not to involve the Railway in long-term or indefinite liability beyond
one or two years on each occasion. The incurrence of expenditure, etc., will be
subject to the usual rules regarding prior financial concurrence.
(d) There should be two types of accommodation viz. higher type of Group 'C' and
lower type for group 'D'.
71
The Charges for occupation of the Holiday Homes are as follows:
Source: Railway Board letter, Government of India, Ministry Railways Railway Board.
Growth of Holiday Homes in Indian Railways since 1990- 1991 to 2008-2009
Source: Annual Report and Accounts of Indian Railways, Ministry of Railways, India
since 2003-2004 to 2008-2009
The above table clearly represents that the numbers of holiday homes have
increased from 1990-91 t 2008-1009goes upward from 1990-91 to 1999-2000 and after
that remained almost constant till now showing no new development of holiday homes
From the above graph we m ay see that the numbers of holiday homes in Indian
Retirement
Retirement means, the Railway servant ceasing to be in service. The date of retirement
will be based on the date of birth of railway servant recorded in the Service
date of birth is the first of a month, shall retire from service on the afternoon of the last
72
day of the preceding month, on attaining the age of sixty years, as the case may be.
The various nodes by which the service of railway servant may come to an end are:-
Normal Retirement
(i) Every railway servant shall retire from service on attaining Superannuation i.e.
(ii) Railway servant in Group ' D' service or post who, prior to 1st December, 1962
was entitled to serve up to the age of 60 years, shall retire from service on the
afternoon of the last day of the month in which he attains the age of 60 years.
Premature Retirement
age of Superannuation either on his or her own volition or as a result of an order passed
by the competent authority in public interest. This is distinct from voluntary retirement
sought by the railway servant and compulsory retirement ordered as a penalty, under the
years. In such case the weightage of maximum period of five years shall be granted
2. For voluntary retirement, a notice of three months in writing or three months' pay
Provident Fund
join, the provident fund, initially the Railway administrations’ contribution and interest
thereon was extended only to permanent employees, but since the years 1956-57 it has
been decided to extend the contribution to the temporary employees also who have
completed three years of continuous services on or before April 1956, with retrospective
The Provident Act, 1925, governs provident Fund and it means that a fund in
which the subscriptions of the employees are deposited against their accounts including
73
interest accruing thereon.
74
a railway administration for any class or classes of its employees.
those were appointed prior to 16.11.57 and not opted for Pension scheme and also those
who are in service as on 1.1.1986 and have opted out of pension scheme.
(i) Non-pensionable Railway employees who were in service on 15.11.1957 and who
(ii) Persons entering railway service on or after 16.11.1957 except those whose terms
of
(iii) CPF beneficiaries in service on 1.1.1986 should be demand to have come over to
pension scheme on that date, unless they specifically opt out to continue under
CPF scheme.
All railway employees except those who are re-employed after final retirement
shall subscribe to the fund, in accordance with the rules, from the first of the month
following that in which they complete one year's continuous service, or from the date of
efficient and faithful service to permanent non- pensionable Railway employees and it
cannot be claimed as a right. Hence it is not admissible to the railway employees who
have been dismissed or removed by reason of any misconduct. When retirement is due
permanent physical or mental incapacity or abolition of appointment if other suitable
appointment cannot be found for him, then the controlling office may order the payment
75
faithful service.
Pension
In the early days Railways employees received no pension after retirement, but
they were given provident fund, which also consisted of the management’s contribution.
On the representation of the Railways employees represented that the pension scheme
provided more security than the provident fund, consequently Government extended this
benefit (Liberalized Pension Rules) to Railways employees with effect from 1957. This
scheme provides to all Railway servants who were in service on 15.11.1957 who elected
to come on these rules; persons entering Railway service on or after 16.11.1957 except
those whose terms of appointment provided to the contrary and all CPF beneficiaries in
Service in 1.1.1986 should be deemed to have come to pension scheme unless they
76
specifically opt out to continue under the CPF Scheme.
Classification of Pension
77
to retirement i.e. at the age of 60 years from 13.5.98.
(b) Retiring Pension
This pension is granted to a Railway servant who is found unfit for further any service
permanent post unless he is appointed to another wing, conditions of which are deemed
(b) Pension
The service gratuity for qualifying service less than ten years shall be calculated at
uniform rate of half month’s emoluments for every completed six monthly period of
service.
Rs.1275/- and maximum up to 50% of the highest pay in the Railways. The highest pay in
the Railways is Rs. 26,000/- since 1.1.96. The above percentage is for 33 years qualifying
service. Where the qualifying service is less than 33 years the same may be granted
proportionally, i.e. pension worked out divided by 33 and multiplied by the qualifying
service rendered by the employee. The amount of pension finally calculated should be
78
rounded off to next higher rupee.
Commutation of Pension
voluntary retirement (i.e. before next birth date) shall not be subjected to do medical
corporation or company or body, the period of one year for the purpose of commutation
of a portion of pension without medical examination, shall be reckoned from the date of
issue of Government orders and not from the date of actual retirement. In case, where
departmental or judicial proceedings have been instituted against a Railway servant, the
period of one year for commutation of pension shall reckon from the date orders issued
on the conclusion of the proceedings provided that such employee on the conclusion of
79
proceedings is granted pension in whole or part thereof.
Family Pension
entered in service prior to 1.1.64 has opted for or is deemed to have opted for Family
Pension Scheme, 1964, the family pension is sanctioned to the widow/widower and if
pension and;
(c) Families of Railway servants governed by pension scheme that retired or died
before 1.1.64 or otherwise not covered by the family pension scheme. In such
80
cases payment of pension shall be effective from 22.9.1977.
Family Pension shall be calculated at a uniform rate of 30% of the basic pay in
all cases and shall be subject to a minimum of Rs.1275/- p.m. and a maximum of 30%
of the highest pay in Railways. (The highest pay in the Government is Rs. 30,000/-
since 1.1.96).
In case of Railway employee who dies after having put in not less than seven
years' continuous service, the amount of family pension will be at the rate of 50% of pay
(a) One and half times the pension admissible as per the limit laid down above in
(b) Twice the pension admissible as per limit lay down above in case of families
81
not entitled to the Workmen's Compensation Act.
The family pension will be admissible only one person at a time to the following family
members:
(e) Parents;
wife/husband, as the case may be and the children shall not be eligible. The eligible
male/female children (including male and female children suffering from disorder or
disability of mind) of the deceased Railway employee or pensioner will be entitled to the
family pension in order of their birth irrespective of the sex of the child and the younger of
them will not be eligible for family pension unless the elder above him or her becomes
ineligible for the grant of family pension. The children irrespective of sex will be eligible
for family pension up to the age of 25 years. There is an expectation to those suffering from
disorder of disability of mind in which case would be eligible for lifetime. But in the
case of a daughter when she attains the age of 25 years or when she gets married whichever is
earlier.
Gratuity
has rendered continuous service for not less than five years,
(c) on his death or disablement due to accident or disease: Provided that the completion
of continuous service of five years shall not be necessary where the termination of the
him shall be paid to his nominee or, if no nomination has been made, to his heirs and
where any such nominees or heirs is a minor, the share of such minor, shall be deposited
with the controlling authority who shall invest the same for the benefit of such minor in
such bank or other financial institution, as may be prescribed, until such minor attains
82
majority.
There are different types of gratuity such as Retirement Gratuity and Death
Gratuity.
Retirement Gratuity: The Railway Servant who had completed minimum 5 years of
qualifying service, the retirement gratuity should be paid equal to 1/4th of its
Death Gratuity: The entire Railway servants permanent or temporary, who were
expired while in service, the Death gratuity is payable in the following rates:
Death / Retirement Gratuity should be paid to all members of the family eligible in
equal shares.
e) Father;
f) Mother;
g) Brother below the age of 18 years and unmarried or, Widow Sisters (including
stepbrother and sister);
h) Married daughter;
i) Children;
Voluntary Retirement
Railway Servant will be given weightage of Maximum 5 years. He, who seeks
retirement or after he ceases to be a Railway servant. Railway passes are granted to the
employees after retirement. These passes are issued on application within six months of
retirement
Post Retirement Railways Complimentary Pass
There are following conditions for issue of post-retirement pass to Indian railways
employees.
wife/husband, children and widowed dependent mother, only subject to the same
83
conditions as applicable to railway servants in service.
iii. In cases where both husband and wife are retired Railway servants, they may avail
Items 1999-
1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
/years 2000
Total
railways 16,517,89 16,540,66 16,491,95 16,231,58 16,020,51 15,864,29 15,836,14 15,788,02 15,784,34 15,771,92 15,453,08 15,107,59 14,71,850 14,415,21 14,222,51 14,124,34 14,064,30 13,945,20 13,860,11
employees
Allotted
Houses to
railway 644198 661626 659678 649263 640820 640820 633446 710461 725508 678193 664482 664734 706488 691930 654235 663844 646958 585698 582124
men/ - +2.56% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% +12.5% +2.22% -6.52% 0% +2.32% +9.09% 0% -4.17% +2.17% -2.12% -8.69% 0%
change in
%
Medical /
114 122 122 122 122 122 122 124 124 124 124 121 121 121 121 121 121 125
change in 118+3.50%
- +3.38% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% +1.63% 0% 0% 0% -2.41% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% +3.30%
%
Staff
Benefits
14.50 14.50 14.50 14.50 20 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 30 30 35 35 35 315
Fund / 14.500
change in - 0 0 0 +37.93% +25% 0% +4% 0% 0% 0% 0% +15.38% 0% +16.66% 0% 0% +800%
%
Canteen/
265 267 267 267 267 267 267 267 268 269 253 253 253 253 253 253 253 253
change in 267+0.75%
- 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% +0.37% +0.37% -4.83% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
%
Education/
646 689 685 685 685 688 670 670 540 500 450 440 400 410 380 365 365 316
change in 6460%
- +6.65% -0.58% 0% 0% +0.43% +0.43% 0% -19.4% -7.40% -10% -2.22% -9.09% +2.5% -82.6% -3.94% 0% -13.42%
%
Holiday
Homes / 37 37 39 39 44 44 48 52 55 61 61 61 61 60 60 60 60 60 60
change in - 0% 5.40% 0% +12.8% 0% +9.09% +8.3% +5.7% +10.9% 0% 0% 0% -1.63% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
%
Source: Self developed on the basis of data available in different Annual Reports and Account of Indian Railways.
Conclusion
Indian Railways is one of the biggest public sectors in the country and its
employee’s more than 13 lakhs of people under different categories. It has separate
department to deal with the employees’ problems and tries to manage them
effectively. From the very beginning of the industrial venture labour has been an
important factor of production. Even today no technical development has been able
to undermine the place of labour in the industrial field. The main reason behind it is
that labour is the only active factor of production, which can employ other factor of
production in the best possible manner. The main objective of an enterprise is to get
maximum production at minimum cost and this cannot be achieved unless the labour
force is not motivated in the right direction. Labour welfare has acquired an
important place in the modern commercial world. The forgoing chapter is devoted to
study the labour welfare amenities in Indian Railways. The Railways have done a lot
Railways aims to play a critical role in improving the working and living condition
It is found that some employees do not get house quarters throughout their
This is mainly because of the fact that the construction of new quarters has slowed
are not adequate for meeting the medical requirement of Railway Workers.
Railway station and thereby they are not available to all the staff.
The researcher reached with this conclusion after a thorough study of all the
aspects of labour welfare which have been covered in this chapter that insufficiency
services. But it is true to say that the Indian Railway has been doing more and more
schemes since 1991, it becomes very necessarily to learn about the impact of these
schemes on railway workers. All labour welfare schemes are useless until they
In the next chapter the researcher has made efforts to measures the impact on
efficiency levels of the workers through primary data and its analysis.
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Welfare’.
41. Indian Railway Establishment Manual Volume – II, Chapter XXIII Co-
Operative Societies, paragraph no.2302.
42. Indian Railway Establishment Manual Volume – II, Chapter XXIII Co-
Operative Societies, paragraph no.2303.
43. Indian Railway Establishment Manual Volume – II, Chapter XXIII Co-
Operative Societies, paragraph no.2304.
44. Indian Railway Establishment Manual Volume – II, Chapter XXIII Co-
Operative Societies, paragraph no.2306.
45. Indian Railway Establishment Manual Volume - II, Chapter XXIII Co-
Operative Societies.
46. Indian Railway Establishment Manual Volume – II, Chapter XXIII Co-
Operative Credit Societies/Banks, paragraph no.2339.
47. Indian Railway Establishment Manual Volume – II, Chapter XXIII Co-
Operative Credit Societies/Banks, paragraph no.2340.
50. The Railway Servants (Pass) Rules, 1986, 1993 Edition, Published in the
Gazette of India, Part II-Sec. 3(i) date August 16, 1986 vide G.S.R. No. 629.
53. Master Circular No. 18, Provision of Schools in Railway Colonies for the
Children of Railway Employees, Developed by West Central Railway.
54. Under article 346 (3) - item 25 of list 3 Concurrent List (Seventh Schedule).
55. Master Circular No. 18, Provision of Schools in Railway Colonies for the
Children of Railway Employees, Developed by West Central Railway.
56. Railways Board's letter No.E (W) 83SC2-27 dt. 13.9.1988 referred by Master
Circular No. 18, Provision of Schools in Railway Colonies for the Children of
Railway Employees, Developed by West Central Railway.
60. Authority Railway Board letter No. E(W)98ED2-6 dated 9.9.98, referred by
Railway Establishment Manual (Vol - II), Chapter-XXII, ‘Staff Welfare’,
Section A, paragraph no.2204.
61. Authority Railway Board letter No. E(W)98ED2-6 dated 9.9.98, referred by
Railway Establishment Manual (Vol - II), Chapter-XXII, ‘Staff Welfare’,
Section A, paragraph no.2204.
62. Authority Railway Board letter No. E (W) 98ED2-6 dated 9.9.98, referred by
Indian Railway Establishment Manual (Vol - II), Chapter-XXII, ‘Staff
Welfare’, Section A, paragraph no.2204.
64. Authority Railway Board letter No E (W) 74 WL.81 dt; 8-1-1974), referred
by Indian Railway Establishment Manual (Vol - II), Chapter-XXII, ‘Staff
Welfare’, Section A, paragraph no.2206.
67. Indian Railway Establishment Manual (Vol - II), Chapter-XXII Staff Welfare,
Section B, Railway Institutes and clubs, Paragraph No. 2212, 2213.
70. Authority Railway Board letter No. E(W) 88WE2-3 dated 31.07.1989 , referred
by Master Circular No. 2, Compendium On Holiday Homes, Government Of
India Ministry of Railways, Developed by West Central Railway.
73. Railway-Establishment-Rule-3,http://www.scribd.com/doc/5161267/
Railway-Establishment-Rule-3, Chapter 8 ‘Provident Fund’.
75. Authority Railway Board letter No .F(E) III-80/Bn I/9 dated 18.11.1980,
referred by Railway-Establishment-Rule-3, http://www.scribd.com/doc /
5161267/ Railway-Establishment-Rule-3, Chapter 8 ‘Provident Fund’,
accessed on 20 October 2009.
80. Authority Railway Board letter F (E) III-85 PNI/19 of 26.7.1985, referred by
Railway-Establishment-Rule-3, http://www.scribd.com/doc/5161267/Railway-
Establishment-Rule-3, Chapter10 ‘Pension’, accessed on 20 October 2009.
83. Authority Railway Board letter E (W) 95PS5-1/6 dated 16.2.1996 (RBE
13/1996), referred by Post Retirement Complimentary Pass (Schedule – IV).